CA1296503C - Shingle or shake panel and apparatus for making the same - Google Patents
Shingle or shake panel and apparatus for making the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1296503C CA1296503C CA000530561A CA530561A CA1296503C CA 1296503 C CA1296503 C CA 1296503C CA 000530561 A CA000530561 A CA 000530561A CA 530561 A CA530561 A CA 530561A CA 1296503 C CA1296503 C CA 1296503C
- Authority
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shingles
- shakes
- panel
- shingle
- row
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019992 sake Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218638 Thuja plicata Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003499 redwood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Applicant: Stewart Ferguson Title: Shingle or Shake Panel and Apparatus for Making the Same ABSTRACT
A shingle or shake panel is composed of shingles progressively increasing in width from one end of the panel, the narrowest shingle or shake being at least substantially three times the offset between adjacent shingle panels in adjacent courses. Apparatus for making such shingle or shake panels trims the individual shingles or shakes to width, accumulates them in a storage bin or wheel and dispenses the shingle or shakes from such storage bin or wheel to a fabricating table where the shingles or shakes are integrated by a strip secured to their outer face at a location such that the edge of the strip farther from the butts of the shingles or shakes is spaced from the butts of the shingles or shakes a distance equal to the weather exposure of the butt portions of the shingles or shakes.
A shingle or shake panel is composed of shingles progressively increasing in width from one end of the panel, the narrowest shingle or shake being at least substantially three times the offset between adjacent shingle panels in adjacent courses. Apparatus for making such shingle or shake panels trims the individual shingles or shakes to width, accumulates them in a storage bin or wheel and dispenses the shingle or shakes from such storage bin or wheel to a fabricating table where the shingles or shakes are integrated by a strip secured to their outer face at a location such that the edge of the strip farther from the butts of the shingles or shakes is spaced from the butts of the shingles or shakes a distance equal to the weather exposure of the butt portions of the shingles or shakes.
Description
~296503 SHINGLE OR SHAKE PANEL AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME
This invention relates to a shingle panel or a shake panel and to apparatus for making such panels.
Problem Applying shingles or shakes to a roof or to a sidewall individually is a tedious process and requires considerable skill, dexterity and judgment to select shingles or shakes of appropriate width from a selection of random width shingles or shakes in order to break the joints appropriately between the shingles or shakes in successive courses. In order to insure a weathertight roof, the standards of the industry require that the joints in any three successive courses be offset. The width of such offset can vary but usually is at least 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm).
Also, the space between the shingles or shakes at each joint must range between a minimum of 1/8 inch (.32 cm), to allow for expansion and contraction of the shingles or shakes under different temperature and humidity conditions, and a maximum of 3/8 inch (.96 cm), or at most 1/2 inch (1.27 cm).
In order to provide better control over the factors of spacing between adjacent shingles or shakes at the joints and to expedite application of the shingles or shakes, various proposals have been made for initially prefabricating shingle or shake panels at a factory, which panels are then applied to a roof or sidewall in the field. Difficulties with such panels are in general: they are more expensive than individual shingles or shakes; they are inclined to be heavy; and the problem arises of providing a 12965n3 satisfactory weathertight joint between adjacent ends of adjacent panels.
Prior Art 5hingle panels previously proposed are principally of two different types. first, those that have a full panel backing and, second, those that have a partial panel backing. The backing of panels having a full panel backing is usually made of plywood and the panels may have one, two or three courses of shingles.
Panels having a partial panel backing may use plywood or board strips. An example of such a panel is shown in Barker et al. U.S. patent No. 4,102,107, issued July 25, 1978. In that instance, the backing strips are made of plywood.
If the panels have a full panel backing, it is only necessary to provide upper and lower joints and end joints which will be weathertight. Where a panel has only a partial backing, it is also necessary to be concerned that the joints between shingles or shakes in each course are out of registration with the joints between shingles or shakes at least in the course above and in the course below, and preferably out of registration with the joints in two courses above and two courses below each particular course. In order to assure such break joint arrangement, it has been considered to be essential for the pattern in which the shingles or shakes are arranged to be identical in each panel. Also, such panels would necessarily all be of equal length, usually approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters), but such panels could be 2 feet (0.6 meter) in length.
The panel disclosed in U.S. patent No.
4,102,107 is composed of two sets of repetitive shingle 129~503 widths to make a panel approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. A principal difficulty with this panel, however, as shown in Figures 8 and 12, for example, is that joints between the shingles in one course are in registration with the joints between the shingles in the second course below and in the second course above a selected course instead of such joints being broken for two courses above and two courses below any selected course.
While the shingle panels shown in patent No.
4,102,107 utilize shingles of four different widths, it is not clear from the disclosure of that patent how more different widths could be used practically.
Obiectives It is an object of the present invention to provide a shingle or shake panel which can be laid quickly on a roof or applied to a sidewall by a person who is not a skilled shingler and will provide a weathertight structure.
A further object is to provide such a panel which can be composed of shingles of a large number of different widths to minimize waste of wood in trimming shingles to required widths.
Another object is to provide shingle panels of economical structure by requiring a minimum of backing.
It is also an object to provide shingle or shake panels which can be applied to simulate a roof or sidewall constructed of individual random width shingles or shakes.
Another object is to facilitate application of the shingle or shake panels not only by having the 1296So3 panels prefabricated but also by making provision so that the amount of exposure of the shingles or shakes in each panel to the weather is readily established.
An additional important object is to provide equipment by which panels of the present invention can be made ~uickly and easily.
The foreyoing objects can be accomplished by a shinyle or shake panel comprising only one row of shinyles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranyed with their butt ends generally in aliynment, and an inteyrating strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the shake or shingle butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure of the butt uortions of said shingles or shakes to the weather when they have been laid so that said integrating strip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by a group of shinyle or shake ~anel articles of commerce, each panel article comprising only one row of shinyles or shakes which are not all of equal width and which are tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends generally in aliynment and with the shingles or shakes in all the panels in the same pattern as to width from one end of the panel to the other, and an integrating strip ~296503 removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in each panel holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating stri~ farther from the shinyle or shake butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance e~ual to the desired width of exposure of the butt portions of said shinyles or shakes to the weather when they have been laid so that said integrating trip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shinyles or shakes have been laid.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by a shingle or shake panel comprising only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends yenerally in aliynment, which shingles or shakes are not all of equal width and are arranged in said row with the widths of successive shingles or shakes increasiny from one end of the panel to the other, and an integratiny strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in the panel holding said shinyles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating striy farther from the shingle or shake butt ends spaced from the shinyle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure to the weather of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes when they have been laid so that said integrating strip is exposed after said shinyles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the 1296so3 outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished in a shingle or shake roof or wall structure including upper and lower shingle or shake panels in adjacent courses, each of said panels having only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with the butts of the shingles or shakes in such row generally in alignment, the shingles or shakes in both panels having the same pattern as to width from one end of each panel to the other, an integrating strip extending lengthwise of said lower panel and removably secured to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel holding said shingles or shakes together in said lower panel with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel spaced from the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel a distance equal to the desired width of exposure to the weather of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel, and the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said upper panel being disposed substantially in abutment with the upper edge of said integrating strip of said lower panel so as to locate the shingles or shakes of said upper panel in predetermined elevational relationship to the shingles or shakes of said lower panel and leave said integrating strip of said lower panel exposed for removal after said upper and lower panels have been laid, and said upper and lower panels being relatively offset lengthwise to offset elevationally the joints ~.
~;~96S~
between the shingles or shakes of said upper and lower panels.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished in a shingle or shake roof or wall structure including at least three courses arranged in adjacent relationship as a lower course, an intermediate course and a higher course, each of said three courses being composed of a shingle or shake panel having only one row of shingles or shakes, the shingles or shakes in each row being not all of equal width but the shingles or shakes in the respective corresponding positions of said panels being of equal width, the higher panel being offset from the intermediate panel lengthwise of the panels substantially the same distance and in the direction opposite the offset of the lower panel from the intermediate panel, and each of said offsets of said higher panel and said lower panel from said intermediate panel does not substantially exceed one-third of the width of the narrowest shingle or shake insaid panels.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by a process for applying shingles or shakes to a roof or a wall which comprises securing together in a row shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip with their butt ends generally in alignment by an integrating strip extending lengthwise of such row and removably secured to the outer faces of all the shingles or shakes in such row with the edge of such integrating strip farther from the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such row spaced from the butt ends of the shingles or ~7 7 12~sn3 shakes in such row a distance equal to the desired exposure to the weather of the butt portions of the shingles or shakes in such row and thereby forming a first shingle or shake panel, placing such first panel on a roof or wall with the butt ends of the panel shingles or shakes in engagement with the upper edge of the integrating strip of a similar next lower panel having its shingles or shakes secured to the roof or wall, securing to the roof or wall the shingles or shakes of the first panel, applying a similar next higher shake or shingle panel in superposed relationship to the first panel with the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such next higher panel substantially in engagement with the upper edge of the integrating strip of the first panel, removing the integrating strip from the shakes or shingles of the first panel, and removing the integrating strip from the shakes or shingles of such next lower panel.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by apparatus for making shingle or shake panels comprising trimming apparatus for tri~ming shingles or shakes to different selected widths and edging such shingles or shakes, panel-fabricating apparatus arranged to support a set of such shingles or shakes of different widths in a row for f~brication into a panel, and transfer means for transferring the ~2~9fi'~-~3 shingles or shakes from said trimming apparatus to said panel-fabricating apparatus.
In drawings which illustrate an embodiment of the invention:
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 is an end view of a shingle panel according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is an elevation of a section of a roof or sidewall constructed from shingle panels according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is a plan, and Figure 5 is an end view of a shake panel according to the present invention similar to the shingle panel shown in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic side elevation of apparatus for making shingle or shake panels according to the present invention;
Figure 7 is a plan of the infeed portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a top perspective of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a plan of the outfeed portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 6;
Figure 10 is a fragmentary vertical section through a portion of the outfeed apparatus shown in Figure 9, and Figure 11 is a similar view showing parts in different positions;
Figure 12 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of apparatus for making shingle or shake panels according to the present invention modified from the apparatus shown in Figure 6; and Figure 13 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of a further modified discharge end portion `` 129~ 3 of apparatus for making shingle or shake panels according to the present invention with parts broken away.
Figures 1 and 2 show a preferred type of shingle panel according to the present invention, and Figures 4 and 5 show a preferred type of shake panel according to the present invention. The width of the shingles shown in Figure 1 and the width of the corresponding shakes shown in Figure 4 are the same.
The shingles shown in Figures 1 and 2 are 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length, which is a standard length, and the panel is designed for an exposure to the weather of 5 inches (12.70 cm) of the butt portions of such shingles, which is a standard exposure. The shakes shown in Figures 4 and 5 on the other hand are 24 inches (60.96 cm) in length and have an exposure width of 10 inches (25.40 cm) of the butt portions, which again is a standard exposure for shakes of such length.
In the remainder of the description, therefore, as to the application of the panels and their fabrication, reference will be made to shingles with the understanding that the discussion applies to shakes as well as shingles.
The present invention is concerned with wood shakes and shingles as distinguished from asphalt shingles or slate shingles. The term wood shingles is applied to wood panels which are sawn and taper from butt to tip. Usually shingles are 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length, but in some instances are 18 inches (45.72 cm) in length, and even 24 inches (60.96 cm) in length. For shingles 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length, the standard width of exposure of the butt portions of --`` 129~503 the shingles in each course of a roof is 5 inches (12.70 cm), whereas the standard exposure would be greater, such as 5 1/2 inches (13.97 cm), for an 18-inch (45.72 cm) shingle, or 7 1/2 inches (19.05 cm) for a 24-inch (60.96 cm) shingle.
Shakes differ from shingles in that at least one face of each shake is split or artificially grooved whereas the faces of shingles are smooth sawn. Both faces of a shake may be split, or one side can be sawn and the other split or artificially grooved.
Manufacture of shakes having one sawn face and one split face is accomplished by splitting shake boards of substantially uniform thickness and then resawing such boards lengthwise on a diagonal to provide a sawn back surface for each shake with a split front face. The shakes are tapered from butt to tip.
The type of shingle panel preferred for the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2 as including shingles 1 arranged in a row with their butts and tips correspondingly oriented and integrated by a strip 2 secured to the front face of the shingles by unclinched staples 3. The edge of the strip farther from the butt ends of the shingles is spaced from such butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure of the shingle butt portions when the shingles are laid, such exposure width being indicated in Figure 1 as being 5 inches (12.70 cm) for shingles 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length.
Shingles and shakes are of random width because the blocks from which they are cut are of different widths and it is desirable to cut blocks in different directions in order to obtain shingles of edge grain as far as possible. Consequently, shingles are of varying widths, usually from 3 inches (7.62 cm) to 12 inches (30.48 cm). Wood such as western red cedar or redwood from which shingles can be produced is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive.
Consequently, it is important to minimize waste of wood in producing shingles. If the shingles were all of the same width, the waste of wood would be much greater than if the shingles were of different widths. while it is preferable not to utilize shingles of all widths, substantial economy can be achieved if shingles having a considerable variety of widths can be used. In the shingle panel of Figure 1, seven widths of shingles are used from 5 inches (12.70 cm) in width to 8 inches (20.32 cm) differing in increments of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) between the narrowest and widest shingles.
While for the purpose of the present invention the shingles can be arranged in any pattern as long as all of the panels utilize the same pattern, fabrication of the panels is facilitated if the shingles are of progressively greater width from one end of the panel to the other. In Figure 1, the progressive increase in width is shown as being from right to left but, alternatively, the progressive increase in width could be from left to right as long as the pattern of arrangement of the shingles according to width is the same in all of the panels, as stated above.
The shingle-integrating strips 2 can be of any desired width and thickness, but, in order to be able to integrate the shingles reliably, they should be at least approximately 1/4 inch (.64 cm) in thickness ~2965(13 and at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in width, although they are preferably 2 inches (5.08 cm) in width.
Conventional lath strips are suitable for such integrating strips. The edges of such strips nearer the butt ends of the shingles will be spaced from the shingle butt ends several inches since the strip edge farther from the shingle butt ends is spaced from such ends a distance equal to the exposure width of the butt end portions of the shingles.
It is preferred that the length of each shingle panel be approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters) utilizing seven widths of shingles, as illustrated in Figure 1, from 5 inches (12.70 cm) in width to 8 inches (20.32 cm) in width varying in increments of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm). The composite width of such shingles would be 45 1/2 inches (113.19 cm). Allowance must be made in the overall length of the shingle panel, however, for suitable spacing between adjacent edges of adjacent shingles. If the spacing in each instance is 3/8 inch (.95 cm), the aggregate width of the six spaces would be 2 1/4 inches (5.71 cm) which, added to the aggregate width of the shingles of 45 1/2 inches (113.19 cm), would make a total panel length of 47 3/4 inches (118.90 cm). The ends of adjacent panels could then be spaced apart 1/4 inch (.64 cm) to make a total effective panel length of 48 inches (119.54 cm).
The joints between shingles should be offset or staggered in adjacent courses at least 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) and joints should not be substantially in alignment or registration in either of the two courses above or the two courses below any selected course.
Figure 3 shows a section of shingle panels according to 129~So3 the present invention laid either on a roof or asidewall.
The lower course 4 shown in Figure 3 may overlie a starter course at the eave according to conventional shingling practice or be any course in which the end of a shingle panel is applied with its end flush with a roof edge or rake. In the roof section shown in Figure 3 it is contemplated that the panels will be laid on the roof from left to right with the left end of the panel in the first course 4 being flush with the left edge or rake of the roof. The next higher panel in course 5 will then be offset approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) in one direction or the other from the panel in course 4 to break the joints. In the illustration of Figure 3 the panel in course 5 has been shifted to the left relative to the panel in course 4 so that the overhang of the end panel in course 5 beyond the roof edge can subsequently be cut off. Such arrangement will provide an offset 5a at the right end of the panels to enable the end portion of the next panel in course 5 to overlap the right shingle in the course 4 panel by at least approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm). Because the panels in course 4 and in course 5 are of the same length, the overhang 5b at the left of course 5 will be equal to the offset 5a between the left end of the panel in course 5 and the adjacent end of the underlying panel in course 4.
Because the pattern of the arrangement of shingle widths is the same in both panels, corresponding joints in the two panels will be offset by equal increments 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g and 5h, each of approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm).
129~
While normally the panels for the entire course 4 will be laid before beginning to lay panels in the next higher course 5, the roof section shown in Figure 3 illustrates only one panel in each course for illustrative purposes. After course 5 has been completed by nailing the shingles of that course in place, the panels for the next higher course 6 will be laid. In order to obtain the proper exposure of the shingles in course 5, the butts of the shingles in the panels forming course 6 are butted against the upper edge of the strip 2 integrating the shingles in the panel of course 5. The panel in course 6 will be offset lengthwise relative to the panel in course 5 in the same direction as the panel in course 5 is offset relative to the panel in course 4. Thus, as shown, the right end of the panel in course 6 will be shifted to the left relative to the adjacent end of the panel in course 5 by the offset increment of 6a, which will be approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm).
Because the length of the panels in course 6 is the same as the length of the panels in course 5, the left end of the left panel in course 6 will project beyond the left end of the left panel in course 5 by an increment 6b equal to the increment 6a at the right end of the course 6 panel. Such projection will represent a double width offset of the left end of the panel in course 6 from the roof rake and the left end of the left shingle panel in course 4, which would be approximately 3 inches (7.62 cm). Since again the pattern of the arrangement of shingle widths in the panel of course 6 is the same as the pattern for the shingle widths in the panel of course 5, the respective 129650.~
corresponding joints in the panel of course 6 will all be offset by an increment of approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) from the joints between the shingles in the panel of course 5, as indicated at 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g and 6h.
The same procedure is repeated in laying the next higher course 7. Again, the right end of the left panel in that course is offset from the adjacent end of the corresponding panel in course 6 by an offset 7a of approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) which effects a projection 7b of the left end of such panel beyond the adjacent left end of the corresponding panel in course 6 of the same amount. The overhang of the left end of the panel in course 7 beyond the roof rake and the left end of the left shingle panel in course 4 will be three offset increments or approximately 4 1/2 inches (11.43 cm).
Successive courses can be laid above course 7, in each instance the right end of the panel being shifted to the left by the same increment from the adjacent end of the corresponding panel in the next lower course. Correspondingly, the overhang projection of the left end of each panel in successively higher courses will increase progressively by the same increment. When the laying of the roof has been completed, or at any convenient time, the left end portions of the panels overhanging the rake can be cut off appropriately and a facing board applied. Such removed left end portions of the panels could be used to fill in spaces at the right ends of the courses as appropriate.
Alternatively, the incremental longitudinal - shifting of panels in successively higher courses could ~296503 be to the right instead of to the left so that there would be a progressively increasing space between the left end of the panels and the roof rake or end for progressively higher courses. Upon completion of the roof, such spaces could be filled in by corresponding right end portions of other panels cut from the right end of the roof.
As each panel is laid, the tip portions of the shingles in the panel are nailed or stapled to solid or strip sheathing beneath the panels in accordance with the customary practice of nailing individually applied shingles about 1 inch (2.54 cm) above the butt portion of the shingles to be exposed to the weather. As mentioned above, each integrating strip 2 is secured to the shingles by unclinched staples 3. Since these staples are not clinched, the integrating strips can be pulled off each panel after the shingles in the next higher course panel have been secured to the sheathing.
The completed roof or sidewall will have both the appearance and structure of having been fabricated from individually laid shingles. The work involved in laying the shingles is, however, much less than in laying shingles individually because (1) it is not necessary to select shingles of a particular width or to trim shingles in order to break joints, (2) multiple shingles instead of individual shingles can be handled, namely, in the type of panel illustrated seven shingles at a time instead of one, 1296S~3 (3) it is not necessary to select the individual spacing at the joints between the shingles but only the spacing between the shingle panels, and ~ 4) finally the butts of the shingles in each shingle panel are engaged with an integrating strip of the panel below constituting a gauge strip establishing the proper exposure to the weather without measuring and marking or stripping the weather exposure on the job.
In order to obtain these advantages, it is only necessary that the minimum width of shingle in each panel, such as 5 inches (12.70 cm), be at least three times the maximum offset of the panels in each course, such as 1 1/2 inches (3.~1 cm), and that the pattern of arrangement of shingle widths in all of the panels be the same. These factors also apply to the arrangement of shakes 8 in the panel shown in Figure 4.
The only difference in the shake panel over the shingle panel is that the integrating strip 9 could be a little heavier because of the greater weight of the shakes and that the edge of the strip 9 farther from the butts of the shakes be spaced from such butts by the appropriate weather exposure width, such as 10 inches (25.40 cm) for shakes 24 inches (60.96 cm) long.
Apparatus for making shake or shingle panels according to the present invention is shown in Figures 6 to 13, inclusive. Such apparatus includes an infeed edging and width-trimming section 10 having pairs of V-belts 11 for transporting individual shingles lengthwise. As shown in Figure 7, such pairs of belts are spaced transversely different distances 129650~
corresponding to the width of the shingles S. The spacing between the pairs of V-belts is shown as increasing from the upper portion of Figure 7 to the lower portion by increments corresponding to the incremental increase in the width of the shingles in the panels to be fabricated from such shingles. Such V-belts extend between pulleys 13 at the feed end and pulleys 14 at the discharge end of such infeed section.
A tightener or spreader 15 can be provided between the pulleys 13 and 14 to hold the V-belts sufficiently tight.
The V-belts 11 carry the individual shingles or shakes S between circular trim and edging saws 16 mounted in appropriately spaced relationship on a shaft 17. The shingles are fed butt first beneath hold-down rollers 18 overlying the pulleys 13. The shingles are trimmed to appropriate width by the saws 16 with minimum waste. During trimming, the outfeed portions of the shingles are held down by rollers 19 overlying the belts 11.
The rollers 13 and 14 and the hold-down rollers 18 and 19, as well as the shaft 17 carrying saws 16, are all supported by a frame 20. Such frame also supports a feed table 21 at the feed end of the apparatus on which a workman places shingles in appropriate positions. Spaced along such feed table are spring-held, retractable dividers or gauge bars 22 spaced apart appropriately to gauge the opposite edges of shingles to be trimmed. Such dividers or gauge bars are located in alignment or registration with the saws 16, respectively. The spacing of such dividers or gauge bars will indicate to the workman placing ~2~fiS03 shingles on the feed table 21 the appropriate locations for shingles of different widths. When a shingle is placed on the feed table it will depress one or both gauge bars adjacent to its opposite edges to indicate the proper position of the shingle to be trimmed and edged by the saws 16.
The pulleys 13 and 14 carrying belts 11 and the hold-down rollers 18 and 19 are powered by a motor 23 which drives belt 24 that in turn drives belt 25 effecting and coordinating rotation of the pulleys 13 and 14 and belt 26 effecting and coordinating rotation of the hold-down rollers 18 and 19 so that the pulleys 13 and 14 will rotate in the direction opposite such hold-down rollers. Shaft 17 carrying saws 16 is driven by a pulley 27 powered by a separate motor 28 through belts 29, as shown in Figure 8.
The trimmed shingles are deposited by the belts 11 into a discharge chute 30 constituting transfer means which feeds the shingles endwise into a receiving bin 31. Since the shingles pass through the trimming portion of the apparatus butt first, they are deposited in stacks in the bin 31 with their butts toward an assembly table 32 arranged at one side of the bin. Spacer rods or fins 33 projecting upward from such assembly table are spaced apart distances equal to the width of the shingles in a set of shingles for fabricating a panel. A stop flange 34 is engaged by the butts of shingles in the set so that they will be arranged in a row in proper lengthwise relationship.
As shown in Figures 10 and 11, shingle-dispensing means includes a slide 35 carrying shingle-engaging points 36 mounted for reciprocation in -1296.50.3 the bottom of the bin 31 to slide single sets of shingles endwise from the bottoms of the shingle stacks in the bin through a slot 37 in the bottom of the bin wall next to the assembly table 32. Reciprocation of such slide is effected by a lug 38 projecting downwardly from it. A link 39 connects such lug to a lever 40 swingably supported by a pivot 41 mounted on a post 42 that supports the bin. A treadle bar 43 is rigidly secured to the lower end of the lever 40, one end of which may be engaged by the foot of the workman.
A counterweight 44 is mounted on the other end of the treadle to swing it normally into a position in which the foot-engageable end is raised.
The slide 35 can be reciprocated to feed a set of shingles onto the assembly table 32 by the workman pressing the treadle from the solid line position shown in Figure 6 to the broken line position.
Such treadle actuation shifts the slide from the position shown in Figure 10 to the position shown in Figure 11 so that the points 36 will eject a set of shingles from the bottoms of the stacks of shingles in bin 31 through the slot 37 for access by the workman.
When the butt ends of such set of shingles is in contact with flange 34, the workman staples an integrating strip 3 onto the shingle assembly to fabricate the panel.
Instead of the shingles being transported always in the same direction from the feed end of the apparatus to the assembly table, the shingles can be discharged from the trimming section 10 into an assembly section by reversing the shingles end-for-end as shown in the apparatus of Figure 12. The trimming section of the apparatus is the same as described in connection with Figures 6, 7 and 8, inclusive, except that the shingles are fed into the trimming section tip first instead of butt first.
The tips of shingles discharged from the trimming section of the apparatus to the chute 45 of the transfer means pass over a rod 46 to engage the bottom of the chute whereupon the heavier butt portions of the shingles will swing downward around the rod 46 so that the shingles will slide butt first down the chute 45 into the bin 31. The orientation of the shingles in such bin is the same as described in connection with Figures 6, 10 and 11 and the operation of dispensing shingles from the bin to the assembly table is the same. The advantage of this apparatus is that the shingles can move more smoothly through the trimming section of the apparatus if they are traveling tip first under the hold-down rollers 18 and 19 rather than butt first. In such case it is not necessary for the shingle butts to bump the hold-down rollers 18 up abruptly so that the shingles can pass beneath them, but the tip portions of the shingles engaging the hold-down rollers before the butt portions will lift the hold-down rollers gradually.
Figure 7 shows the workman feeding shingles one at a time to the table 21. Such shingles will be moved in random arrangement through the trimming section of the bin of the machine as shown in Figure 7.
Consequently, shingles of different widths will accumulate at different rates in the several stacks in the bin 31. An alternative procedure would be for the workman to arrange a complete set of shingles on the 12~6503 feed table 21 before such set was moved through the trimming section of the machine. By using the latter type of operation, the shingles would accumulate in the bin 31 in sets so that the several stacks of shingles in the bin would always be of the same height.
It may be desirable for the panel-fabricating apparatus to be operated intermittently by the feed workman arranging a complete set of shingles on the feed table 21 while the apparatus is stopped. Next the apparatus can be started to move such set of shingles through the trimming apparatus until they have cleared the feed table 21. The apparatus can then be stopped while the feed workman assembles on the feed table another set of shingles, whereupon the apparatus can be started again and its drive continued until that set of shingles has cleared the apron. Such operation of the apparatus will insure that, instead of the shingles being in unrelated positions as shown in Figure 7, a complete set of shingles will move through the trimming section of the apparatus down the discharge chute and into the bin 31 as a unit.
In Figure 13, an alternative type of storage arrangement for sets of shingles to be assembled is shown. In this instance, the bin 31 is replaced by a wheel 46 rotatably mounted on a shaft 47 carried by a suitable frame 48. Radial partitions 49 are arranged around the periphery of the wheel to provide outwardly opening slots for receiving sets of shingles to be assembled from the chute 50 to which the shingles are discharged from the trimming section of the apparatus.
Depression of a treadle 51 by the workman's foot will actuate a fluid pressure jack 52 that indexes rotation lZ96503 of the wheel 46 incrementally through a distance equal to the circumferential spacing of the partitions 49.
As the wheel is indexed through each such increment, a set of shingles to be assembled will be discharged from the peripheral slot between adjacent partitions onto the assembly table 32. The shingles in such set may then be fabricated by the workman into a shingle panel by affixing a cleat to the shingles in the manner described in connection with Figures 6, 10 and 11.
Radial partitions 49 can be spaced apart a distance to receive between them only a single shingle or they can be spaced farther apart to receive several shingles in a stack. Also, instead of a single wheel being provided with radial partitions to receive sets of shingles such that each set will make a complete panel, the wheel 46 can be sectioned so that each section is of a width to receive only single shingles of a particular width. In such case the wheel sections will be mounted to rotate independently of each other and to dispense shingles independently to the workmen for assembly into panels.
This invention relates to a shingle panel or a shake panel and to apparatus for making such panels.
Problem Applying shingles or shakes to a roof or to a sidewall individually is a tedious process and requires considerable skill, dexterity and judgment to select shingles or shakes of appropriate width from a selection of random width shingles or shakes in order to break the joints appropriately between the shingles or shakes in successive courses. In order to insure a weathertight roof, the standards of the industry require that the joints in any three successive courses be offset. The width of such offset can vary but usually is at least 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm).
Also, the space between the shingles or shakes at each joint must range between a minimum of 1/8 inch (.32 cm), to allow for expansion and contraction of the shingles or shakes under different temperature and humidity conditions, and a maximum of 3/8 inch (.96 cm), or at most 1/2 inch (1.27 cm).
In order to provide better control over the factors of spacing between adjacent shingles or shakes at the joints and to expedite application of the shingles or shakes, various proposals have been made for initially prefabricating shingle or shake panels at a factory, which panels are then applied to a roof or sidewall in the field. Difficulties with such panels are in general: they are more expensive than individual shingles or shakes; they are inclined to be heavy; and the problem arises of providing a 12965n3 satisfactory weathertight joint between adjacent ends of adjacent panels.
Prior Art 5hingle panels previously proposed are principally of two different types. first, those that have a full panel backing and, second, those that have a partial panel backing. The backing of panels having a full panel backing is usually made of plywood and the panels may have one, two or three courses of shingles.
Panels having a partial panel backing may use plywood or board strips. An example of such a panel is shown in Barker et al. U.S. patent No. 4,102,107, issued July 25, 1978. In that instance, the backing strips are made of plywood.
If the panels have a full panel backing, it is only necessary to provide upper and lower joints and end joints which will be weathertight. Where a panel has only a partial backing, it is also necessary to be concerned that the joints between shingles or shakes in each course are out of registration with the joints between shingles or shakes at least in the course above and in the course below, and preferably out of registration with the joints in two courses above and two courses below each particular course. In order to assure such break joint arrangement, it has been considered to be essential for the pattern in which the shingles or shakes are arranged to be identical in each panel. Also, such panels would necessarily all be of equal length, usually approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters), but such panels could be 2 feet (0.6 meter) in length.
The panel disclosed in U.S. patent No.
4,102,107 is composed of two sets of repetitive shingle 129~503 widths to make a panel approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. A principal difficulty with this panel, however, as shown in Figures 8 and 12, for example, is that joints between the shingles in one course are in registration with the joints between the shingles in the second course below and in the second course above a selected course instead of such joints being broken for two courses above and two courses below any selected course.
While the shingle panels shown in patent No.
4,102,107 utilize shingles of four different widths, it is not clear from the disclosure of that patent how more different widths could be used practically.
Obiectives It is an object of the present invention to provide a shingle or shake panel which can be laid quickly on a roof or applied to a sidewall by a person who is not a skilled shingler and will provide a weathertight structure.
A further object is to provide such a panel which can be composed of shingles of a large number of different widths to minimize waste of wood in trimming shingles to required widths.
Another object is to provide shingle panels of economical structure by requiring a minimum of backing.
It is also an object to provide shingle or shake panels which can be applied to simulate a roof or sidewall constructed of individual random width shingles or shakes.
Another object is to facilitate application of the shingle or shake panels not only by having the 1296So3 panels prefabricated but also by making provision so that the amount of exposure of the shingles or shakes in each panel to the weather is readily established.
An additional important object is to provide equipment by which panels of the present invention can be made ~uickly and easily.
The foreyoing objects can be accomplished by a shinyle or shake panel comprising only one row of shinyles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranyed with their butt ends generally in aliynment, and an inteyrating strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the shake or shingle butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure of the butt uortions of said shingles or shakes to the weather when they have been laid so that said integrating strip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by a group of shinyle or shake ~anel articles of commerce, each panel article comprising only one row of shinyles or shakes which are not all of equal width and which are tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends generally in aliynment and with the shingles or shakes in all the panels in the same pattern as to width from one end of the panel to the other, and an integrating strip ~296503 removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in each panel holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating stri~ farther from the shinyle or shake butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance e~ual to the desired width of exposure of the butt portions of said shinyles or shakes to the weather when they have been laid so that said integrating trip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shinyles or shakes have been laid.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by a shingle or shake panel comprising only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends yenerally in aliynment, which shingles or shakes are not all of equal width and are arranged in said row with the widths of successive shingles or shakes increasiny from one end of the panel to the other, and an integratiny strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in the panel holding said shinyles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating striy farther from the shingle or shake butt ends spaced from the shinyle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure to the weather of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes when they have been laid so that said integrating strip is exposed after said shinyles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the 1296so3 outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished in a shingle or shake roof or wall structure including upper and lower shingle or shake panels in adjacent courses, each of said panels having only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with the butts of the shingles or shakes in such row generally in alignment, the shingles or shakes in both panels having the same pattern as to width from one end of each panel to the other, an integrating strip extending lengthwise of said lower panel and removably secured to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel holding said shingles or shakes together in said lower panel with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel spaced from the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel a distance equal to the desired width of exposure to the weather of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel, and the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said upper panel being disposed substantially in abutment with the upper edge of said integrating strip of said lower panel so as to locate the shingles or shakes of said upper panel in predetermined elevational relationship to the shingles or shakes of said lower panel and leave said integrating strip of said lower panel exposed for removal after said upper and lower panels have been laid, and said upper and lower panels being relatively offset lengthwise to offset elevationally the joints ~.
~;~96S~
between the shingles or shakes of said upper and lower panels.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished in a shingle or shake roof or wall structure including at least three courses arranged in adjacent relationship as a lower course, an intermediate course and a higher course, each of said three courses being composed of a shingle or shake panel having only one row of shingles or shakes, the shingles or shakes in each row being not all of equal width but the shingles or shakes in the respective corresponding positions of said panels being of equal width, the higher panel being offset from the intermediate panel lengthwise of the panels substantially the same distance and in the direction opposite the offset of the lower panel from the intermediate panel, and each of said offsets of said higher panel and said lower panel from said intermediate panel does not substantially exceed one-third of the width of the narrowest shingle or shake insaid panels.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by a process for applying shingles or shakes to a roof or a wall which comprises securing together in a row shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip with their butt ends generally in alignment by an integrating strip extending lengthwise of such row and removably secured to the outer faces of all the shingles or shakes in such row with the edge of such integrating strip farther from the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such row spaced from the butt ends of the shingles or ~7 7 12~sn3 shakes in such row a distance equal to the desired exposure to the weather of the butt portions of the shingles or shakes in such row and thereby forming a first shingle or shake panel, placing such first panel on a roof or wall with the butt ends of the panel shingles or shakes in engagement with the upper edge of the integrating strip of a similar next lower panel having its shingles or shakes secured to the roof or wall, securing to the roof or wall the shingles or shakes of the first panel, applying a similar next higher shake or shingle panel in superposed relationship to the first panel with the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such next higher panel substantially in engagement with the upper edge of the integrating strip of the first panel, removing the integrating strip from the shakes or shingles of the first panel, and removing the integrating strip from the shakes or shingles of such next lower panel.
The foregoing objects also can be accomplished by apparatus for making shingle or shake panels comprising trimming apparatus for tri~ming shingles or shakes to different selected widths and edging such shingles or shakes, panel-fabricating apparatus arranged to support a set of such shingles or shakes of different widths in a row for f~brication into a panel, and transfer means for transferring the ~2~9fi'~-~3 shingles or shakes from said trimming apparatus to said panel-fabricating apparatus.
In drawings which illustrate an embodiment of the invention:
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 is an end view of a shingle panel according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is an elevation of a section of a roof or sidewall constructed from shingle panels according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is a plan, and Figure 5 is an end view of a shake panel according to the present invention similar to the shingle panel shown in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic side elevation of apparatus for making shingle or shake panels according to the present invention;
Figure 7 is a plan of the infeed portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a top perspective of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a plan of the outfeed portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 6;
Figure 10 is a fragmentary vertical section through a portion of the outfeed apparatus shown in Figure 9, and Figure 11 is a similar view showing parts in different positions;
Figure 12 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of apparatus for making shingle or shake panels according to the present invention modified from the apparatus shown in Figure 6; and Figure 13 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of a further modified discharge end portion `` 129~ 3 of apparatus for making shingle or shake panels according to the present invention with parts broken away.
Figures 1 and 2 show a preferred type of shingle panel according to the present invention, and Figures 4 and 5 show a preferred type of shake panel according to the present invention. The width of the shingles shown in Figure 1 and the width of the corresponding shakes shown in Figure 4 are the same.
The shingles shown in Figures 1 and 2 are 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length, which is a standard length, and the panel is designed for an exposure to the weather of 5 inches (12.70 cm) of the butt portions of such shingles, which is a standard exposure. The shakes shown in Figures 4 and 5 on the other hand are 24 inches (60.96 cm) in length and have an exposure width of 10 inches (25.40 cm) of the butt portions, which again is a standard exposure for shakes of such length.
In the remainder of the description, therefore, as to the application of the panels and their fabrication, reference will be made to shingles with the understanding that the discussion applies to shakes as well as shingles.
The present invention is concerned with wood shakes and shingles as distinguished from asphalt shingles or slate shingles. The term wood shingles is applied to wood panels which are sawn and taper from butt to tip. Usually shingles are 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length, but in some instances are 18 inches (45.72 cm) in length, and even 24 inches (60.96 cm) in length. For shingles 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length, the standard width of exposure of the butt portions of --`` 129~503 the shingles in each course of a roof is 5 inches (12.70 cm), whereas the standard exposure would be greater, such as 5 1/2 inches (13.97 cm), for an 18-inch (45.72 cm) shingle, or 7 1/2 inches (19.05 cm) for a 24-inch (60.96 cm) shingle.
Shakes differ from shingles in that at least one face of each shake is split or artificially grooved whereas the faces of shingles are smooth sawn. Both faces of a shake may be split, or one side can be sawn and the other split or artificially grooved.
Manufacture of shakes having one sawn face and one split face is accomplished by splitting shake boards of substantially uniform thickness and then resawing such boards lengthwise on a diagonal to provide a sawn back surface for each shake with a split front face. The shakes are tapered from butt to tip.
The type of shingle panel preferred for the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2 as including shingles 1 arranged in a row with their butts and tips correspondingly oriented and integrated by a strip 2 secured to the front face of the shingles by unclinched staples 3. The edge of the strip farther from the butt ends of the shingles is spaced from such butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure of the shingle butt portions when the shingles are laid, such exposure width being indicated in Figure 1 as being 5 inches (12.70 cm) for shingles 16 inches (40.64 cm) in length.
Shingles and shakes are of random width because the blocks from which they are cut are of different widths and it is desirable to cut blocks in different directions in order to obtain shingles of edge grain as far as possible. Consequently, shingles are of varying widths, usually from 3 inches (7.62 cm) to 12 inches (30.48 cm). Wood such as western red cedar or redwood from which shingles can be produced is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive.
Consequently, it is important to minimize waste of wood in producing shingles. If the shingles were all of the same width, the waste of wood would be much greater than if the shingles were of different widths. while it is preferable not to utilize shingles of all widths, substantial economy can be achieved if shingles having a considerable variety of widths can be used. In the shingle panel of Figure 1, seven widths of shingles are used from 5 inches (12.70 cm) in width to 8 inches (20.32 cm) differing in increments of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) between the narrowest and widest shingles.
While for the purpose of the present invention the shingles can be arranged in any pattern as long as all of the panels utilize the same pattern, fabrication of the panels is facilitated if the shingles are of progressively greater width from one end of the panel to the other. In Figure 1, the progressive increase in width is shown as being from right to left but, alternatively, the progressive increase in width could be from left to right as long as the pattern of arrangement of the shingles according to width is the same in all of the panels, as stated above.
The shingle-integrating strips 2 can be of any desired width and thickness, but, in order to be able to integrate the shingles reliably, they should be at least approximately 1/4 inch (.64 cm) in thickness ~2965(13 and at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in width, although they are preferably 2 inches (5.08 cm) in width.
Conventional lath strips are suitable for such integrating strips. The edges of such strips nearer the butt ends of the shingles will be spaced from the shingle butt ends several inches since the strip edge farther from the shingle butt ends is spaced from such ends a distance equal to the exposure width of the butt end portions of the shingles.
It is preferred that the length of each shingle panel be approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters) utilizing seven widths of shingles, as illustrated in Figure 1, from 5 inches (12.70 cm) in width to 8 inches (20.32 cm) in width varying in increments of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm). The composite width of such shingles would be 45 1/2 inches (113.19 cm). Allowance must be made in the overall length of the shingle panel, however, for suitable spacing between adjacent edges of adjacent shingles. If the spacing in each instance is 3/8 inch (.95 cm), the aggregate width of the six spaces would be 2 1/4 inches (5.71 cm) which, added to the aggregate width of the shingles of 45 1/2 inches (113.19 cm), would make a total panel length of 47 3/4 inches (118.90 cm). The ends of adjacent panels could then be spaced apart 1/4 inch (.64 cm) to make a total effective panel length of 48 inches (119.54 cm).
The joints between shingles should be offset or staggered in adjacent courses at least 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) and joints should not be substantially in alignment or registration in either of the two courses above or the two courses below any selected course.
Figure 3 shows a section of shingle panels according to 129~So3 the present invention laid either on a roof or asidewall.
The lower course 4 shown in Figure 3 may overlie a starter course at the eave according to conventional shingling practice or be any course in which the end of a shingle panel is applied with its end flush with a roof edge or rake. In the roof section shown in Figure 3 it is contemplated that the panels will be laid on the roof from left to right with the left end of the panel in the first course 4 being flush with the left edge or rake of the roof. The next higher panel in course 5 will then be offset approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) in one direction or the other from the panel in course 4 to break the joints. In the illustration of Figure 3 the panel in course 5 has been shifted to the left relative to the panel in course 4 so that the overhang of the end panel in course 5 beyond the roof edge can subsequently be cut off. Such arrangement will provide an offset 5a at the right end of the panels to enable the end portion of the next panel in course 5 to overlap the right shingle in the course 4 panel by at least approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm). Because the panels in course 4 and in course 5 are of the same length, the overhang 5b at the left of course 5 will be equal to the offset 5a between the left end of the panel in course 5 and the adjacent end of the underlying panel in course 4.
Because the pattern of the arrangement of shingle widths is the same in both panels, corresponding joints in the two panels will be offset by equal increments 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g and 5h, each of approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm).
129~
While normally the panels for the entire course 4 will be laid before beginning to lay panels in the next higher course 5, the roof section shown in Figure 3 illustrates only one panel in each course for illustrative purposes. After course 5 has been completed by nailing the shingles of that course in place, the panels for the next higher course 6 will be laid. In order to obtain the proper exposure of the shingles in course 5, the butts of the shingles in the panels forming course 6 are butted against the upper edge of the strip 2 integrating the shingles in the panel of course 5. The panel in course 6 will be offset lengthwise relative to the panel in course 5 in the same direction as the panel in course 5 is offset relative to the panel in course 4. Thus, as shown, the right end of the panel in course 6 will be shifted to the left relative to the adjacent end of the panel in course 5 by the offset increment of 6a, which will be approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm).
Because the length of the panels in course 6 is the same as the length of the panels in course 5, the left end of the left panel in course 6 will project beyond the left end of the left panel in course 5 by an increment 6b equal to the increment 6a at the right end of the course 6 panel. Such projection will represent a double width offset of the left end of the panel in course 6 from the roof rake and the left end of the left shingle panel in course 4, which would be approximately 3 inches (7.62 cm). Since again the pattern of the arrangement of shingle widths in the panel of course 6 is the same as the pattern for the shingle widths in the panel of course 5, the respective 129650.~
corresponding joints in the panel of course 6 will all be offset by an increment of approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) from the joints between the shingles in the panel of course 5, as indicated at 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g and 6h.
The same procedure is repeated in laying the next higher course 7. Again, the right end of the left panel in that course is offset from the adjacent end of the corresponding panel in course 6 by an offset 7a of approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.81 cm) which effects a projection 7b of the left end of such panel beyond the adjacent left end of the corresponding panel in course 6 of the same amount. The overhang of the left end of the panel in course 7 beyond the roof rake and the left end of the left shingle panel in course 4 will be three offset increments or approximately 4 1/2 inches (11.43 cm).
Successive courses can be laid above course 7, in each instance the right end of the panel being shifted to the left by the same increment from the adjacent end of the corresponding panel in the next lower course. Correspondingly, the overhang projection of the left end of each panel in successively higher courses will increase progressively by the same increment. When the laying of the roof has been completed, or at any convenient time, the left end portions of the panels overhanging the rake can be cut off appropriately and a facing board applied. Such removed left end portions of the panels could be used to fill in spaces at the right ends of the courses as appropriate.
Alternatively, the incremental longitudinal - shifting of panels in successively higher courses could ~296503 be to the right instead of to the left so that there would be a progressively increasing space between the left end of the panels and the roof rake or end for progressively higher courses. Upon completion of the roof, such spaces could be filled in by corresponding right end portions of other panels cut from the right end of the roof.
As each panel is laid, the tip portions of the shingles in the panel are nailed or stapled to solid or strip sheathing beneath the panels in accordance with the customary practice of nailing individually applied shingles about 1 inch (2.54 cm) above the butt portion of the shingles to be exposed to the weather. As mentioned above, each integrating strip 2 is secured to the shingles by unclinched staples 3. Since these staples are not clinched, the integrating strips can be pulled off each panel after the shingles in the next higher course panel have been secured to the sheathing.
The completed roof or sidewall will have both the appearance and structure of having been fabricated from individually laid shingles. The work involved in laying the shingles is, however, much less than in laying shingles individually because (1) it is not necessary to select shingles of a particular width or to trim shingles in order to break joints, (2) multiple shingles instead of individual shingles can be handled, namely, in the type of panel illustrated seven shingles at a time instead of one, 1296S~3 (3) it is not necessary to select the individual spacing at the joints between the shingles but only the spacing between the shingle panels, and ~ 4) finally the butts of the shingles in each shingle panel are engaged with an integrating strip of the panel below constituting a gauge strip establishing the proper exposure to the weather without measuring and marking or stripping the weather exposure on the job.
In order to obtain these advantages, it is only necessary that the minimum width of shingle in each panel, such as 5 inches (12.70 cm), be at least three times the maximum offset of the panels in each course, such as 1 1/2 inches (3.~1 cm), and that the pattern of arrangement of shingle widths in all of the panels be the same. These factors also apply to the arrangement of shakes 8 in the panel shown in Figure 4.
The only difference in the shake panel over the shingle panel is that the integrating strip 9 could be a little heavier because of the greater weight of the shakes and that the edge of the strip 9 farther from the butts of the shakes be spaced from such butts by the appropriate weather exposure width, such as 10 inches (25.40 cm) for shakes 24 inches (60.96 cm) long.
Apparatus for making shake or shingle panels according to the present invention is shown in Figures 6 to 13, inclusive. Such apparatus includes an infeed edging and width-trimming section 10 having pairs of V-belts 11 for transporting individual shingles lengthwise. As shown in Figure 7, such pairs of belts are spaced transversely different distances 129650~
corresponding to the width of the shingles S. The spacing between the pairs of V-belts is shown as increasing from the upper portion of Figure 7 to the lower portion by increments corresponding to the incremental increase in the width of the shingles in the panels to be fabricated from such shingles. Such V-belts extend between pulleys 13 at the feed end and pulleys 14 at the discharge end of such infeed section.
A tightener or spreader 15 can be provided between the pulleys 13 and 14 to hold the V-belts sufficiently tight.
The V-belts 11 carry the individual shingles or shakes S between circular trim and edging saws 16 mounted in appropriately spaced relationship on a shaft 17. The shingles are fed butt first beneath hold-down rollers 18 overlying the pulleys 13. The shingles are trimmed to appropriate width by the saws 16 with minimum waste. During trimming, the outfeed portions of the shingles are held down by rollers 19 overlying the belts 11.
The rollers 13 and 14 and the hold-down rollers 18 and 19, as well as the shaft 17 carrying saws 16, are all supported by a frame 20. Such frame also supports a feed table 21 at the feed end of the apparatus on which a workman places shingles in appropriate positions. Spaced along such feed table are spring-held, retractable dividers or gauge bars 22 spaced apart appropriately to gauge the opposite edges of shingles to be trimmed. Such dividers or gauge bars are located in alignment or registration with the saws 16, respectively. The spacing of such dividers or gauge bars will indicate to the workman placing ~2~fiS03 shingles on the feed table 21 the appropriate locations for shingles of different widths. When a shingle is placed on the feed table it will depress one or both gauge bars adjacent to its opposite edges to indicate the proper position of the shingle to be trimmed and edged by the saws 16.
The pulleys 13 and 14 carrying belts 11 and the hold-down rollers 18 and 19 are powered by a motor 23 which drives belt 24 that in turn drives belt 25 effecting and coordinating rotation of the pulleys 13 and 14 and belt 26 effecting and coordinating rotation of the hold-down rollers 18 and 19 so that the pulleys 13 and 14 will rotate in the direction opposite such hold-down rollers. Shaft 17 carrying saws 16 is driven by a pulley 27 powered by a separate motor 28 through belts 29, as shown in Figure 8.
The trimmed shingles are deposited by the belts 11 into a discharge chute 30 constituting transfer means which feeds the shingles endwise into a receiving bin 31. Since the shingles pass through the trimming portion of the apparatus butt first, they are deposited in stacks in the bin 31 with their butts toward an assembly table 32 arranged at one side of the bin. Spacer rods or fins 33 projecting upward from such assembly table are spaced apart distances equal to the width of the shingles in a set of shingles for fabricating a panel. A stop flange 34 is engaged by the butts of shingles in the set so that they will be arranged in a row in proper lengthwise relationship.
As shown in Figures 10 and 11, shingle-dispensing means includes a slide 35 carrying shingle-engaging points 36 mounted for reciprocation in -1296.50.3 the bottom of the bin 31 to slide single sets of shingles endwise from the bottoms of the shingle stacks in the bin through a slot 37 in the bottom of the bin wall next to the assembly table 32. Reciprocation of such slide is effected by a lug 38 projecting downwardly from it. A link 39 connects such lug to a lever 40 swingably supported by a pivot 41 mounted on a post 42 that supports the bin. A treadle bar 43 is rigidly secured to the lower end of the lever 40, one end of which may be engaged by the foot of the workman.
A counterweight 44 is mounted on the other end of the treadle to swing it normally into a position in which the foot-engageable end is raised.
The slide 35 can be reciprocated to feed a set of shingles onto the assembly table 32 by the workman pressing the treadle from the solid line position shown in Figure 6 to the broken line position.
Such treadle actuation shifts the slide from the position shown in Figure 10 to the position shown in Figure 11 so that the points 36 will eject a set of shingles from the bottoms of the stacks of shingles in bin 31 through the slot 37 for access by the workman.
When the butt ends of such set of shingles is in contact with flange 34, the workman staples an integrating strip 3 onto the shingle assembly to fabricate the panel.
Instead of the shingles being transported always in the same direction from the feed end of the apparatus to the assembly table, the shingles can be discharged from the trimming section 10 into an assembly section by reversing the shingles end-for-end as shown in the apparatus of Figure 12. The trimming section of the apparatus is the same as described in connection with Figures 6, 7 and 8, inclusive, except that the shingles are fed into the trimming section tip first instead of butt first.
The tips of shingles discharged from the trimming section of the apparatus to the chute 45 of the transfer means pass over a rod 46 to engage the bottom of the chute whereupon the heavier butt portions of the shingles will swing downward around the rod 46 so that the shingles will slide butt first down the chute 45 into the bin 31. The orientation of the shingles in such bin is the same as described in connection with Figures 6, 10 and 11 and the operation of dispensing shingles from the bin to the assembly table is the same. The advantage of this apparatus is that the shingles can move more smoothly through the trimming section of the apparatus if they are traveling tip first under the hold-down rollers 18 and 19 rather than butt first. In such case it is not necessary for the shingle butts to bump the hold-down rollers 18 up abruptly so that the shingles can pass beneath them, but the tip portions of the shingles engaging the hold-down rollers before the butt portions will lift the hold-down rollers gradually.
Figure 7 shows the workman feeding shingles one at a time to the table 21. Such shingles will be moved in random arrangement through the trimming section of the bin of the machine as shown in Figure 7.
Consequently, shingles of different widths will accumulate at different rates in the several stacks in the bin 31. An alternative procedure would be for the workman to arrange a complete set of shingles on the 12~6503 feed table 21 before such set was moved through the trimming section of the machine. By using the latter type of operation, the shingles would accumulate in the bin 31 in sets so that the several stacks of shingles in the bin would always be of the same height.
It may be desirable for the panel-fabricating apparatus to be operated intermittently by the feed workman arranging a complete set of shingles on the feed table 21 while the apparatus is stopped. Next the apparatus can be started to move such set of shingles through the trimming apparatus until they have cleared the feed table 21. The apparatus can then be stopped while the feed workman assembles on the feed table another set of shingles, whereupon the apparatus can be started again and its drive continued until that set of shingles has cleared the apron. Such operation of the apparatus will insure that, instead of the shingles being in unrelated positions as shown in Figure 7, a complete set of shingles will move through the trimming section of the apparatus down the discharge chute and into the bin 31 as a unit.
In Figure 13, an alternative type of storage arrangement for sets of shingles to be assembled is shown. In this instance, the bin 31 is replaced by a wheel 46 rotatably mounted on a shaft 47 carried by a suitable frame 48. Radial partitions 49 are arranged around the periphery of the wheel to provide outwardly opening slots for receiving sets of shingles to be assembled from the chute 50 to which the shingles are discharged from the trimming section of the apparatus.
Depression of a treadle 51 by the workman's foot will actuate a fluid pressure jack 52 that indexes rotation lZ96503 of the wheel 46 incrementally through a distance equal to the circumferential spacing of the partitions 49.
As the wheel is indexed through each such increment, a set of shingles to be assembled will be discharged from the peripheral slot between adjacent partitions onto the assembly table 32. The shingles in such set may then be fabricated by the workman into a shingle panel by affixing a cleat to the shingles in the manner described in connection with Figures 6, 10 and 11.
Radial partitions 49 can be spaced apart a distance to receive between them only a single shingle or they can be spaced farther apart to receive several shingles in a stack. Also, instead of a single wheel being provided with radial partitions to receive sets of shingles such that each set will make a complete panel, the wheel 46 can be sectioned so that each section is of a width to receive only single shingles of a particular width. In such case the wheel sections will be mounted to rotate independently of each other and to dispense shingles independently to the workmen for assembly into panels.
Claims (18)
1. A shingle or shake panel comprising only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends generally in alignment, and an integrating strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the shake or shingle butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes to the weather when they have been laid so that said integrating strip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
2. A group of shingle or shake panel articles of commerce, each panel article comprising only one row of shingles or shakes which are not all of equal width and which are tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends generally in alignment and with the shingles or shakes in all the panels in the same pattern as to width from one end of the panel to the other, and an integrating strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in each panel holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the shingle or shake butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes to the weather when they have been laid so that said integrating trip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
3. The panel defined in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the integrating strip is secured to the shingles or shakes of the panel by unclinched staples to facilitate the removal of the integrating strip from the shingles or shakes of the panel after such shingles or shakes have been laid.
4. The panel defined in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the corresponding ends of panels in adjacent courses are to be offset lengthwise of the courses and the width of the narrowest shingle or shake in each course is at least substantially as great as three times the distance which panels in adjacent courses are to be offset lengthwise.
5. The panel defined in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the widths of successive shingles or shakes increase progressively from one end of the panel to the other by substantially equal increments.
6. A shingle or shake panel comprising only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with their butt ends generally in alignment, which shingles or shakes are not all of equal width and are arranged in said row with the widths of successive shingles or shakes increasing from one end of the panel to the other, and an integrating strip removably secured lengthwise of said row to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in the panel holding said shingles or shakes together in such row with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the shingle or shake butt ends spaced from the shingle or shake butt ends a distance equal to the desired width of exposure to the weather of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes when they have been laid so that said integrating strip is exposed after said shingles or shakes have been laid and can be removed from the outer faces of said shingles or shakes after said shingles or shakes have been laid.
7. The panel defined in claim 6, the widths of successive shingles or shakes increasing progressively from one end of the panel to the other by substantially equal increments.
8. A shingle or shake roof or wall structure including upper and lower shingle or shake panels in adjacent courses, each of said panels having only one row of shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip and arranged with the butts of the shingles or shakes in such row generally in alignment, the shingles or shakes in both panels having the same pattern as to width from one end of each panel to the other, an integrating strip extending lengthwise of said lower panel and removably secured to the outer face of the butt portion of each of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel holding said shingles or shakes together in said lower panel with the edge of said integrating strip farther from the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel spaced from the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel a distance equal to the desired width of exposure to the weather of the butt portions of said shingles or shakes in said lower panel, and the butt ends of said shingles or shakes in said upper panel being disposed substantially in abutment with the upper edge of said integrating strip of said lower panel so as to locate the shingles or shakes of said upper panel in predetermined elevational relationship to the shingles or shakes of said lower panel and leave said integrating strip of said lower panel exposed for removal after said upper and lower panels have been laid, and said upper and lower panels being relatively offset lengthwise to offset elevationally the joints between the shingles or shakes of said upper and lower panels.
9. A shingle or shake roof or wall structure including at least three courses arranged in adjacent relationship as a lower course, an intermediate course and a higher course, each of said three courses being composed of a shingle or shake panel having only one row of shingles or shakes, the shingles or shakes in each row being not all of equal width but the shingles or shakes in the respective corresponding positions of said panels being of equal width, the higher panel being offset from the intermediate panel lengthwise of the panels substantially the same distance and in the direction opposite the offset of the lower panel from the intermediate panel, and each of said offsets of said higher panel and said lower panel from said intermediate panel does not substantially exceed one-third of the width of the narrowest shingle or shake in said panels.
10. The shingle or shake structure defined in claim 9, in which the shingles or shakes in each panel row are arranged with the widths of successive shingles or shakes increasing progressively from one end of the panel row to the other.
11. The shingle or shake structure defined in claim 10, in which the widths of the successive shingles or shakes in each panel row increases progressively from one end of the panel row to the other end of the panel row by substantially equal increments.
12. A process for applying shingles or shakes to a roof or a wall which comprises securing together in a row shingles or shakes tapered in thickness from butt to tip with their butt ends generally in alignment by an integrating strip extending lengthwise of such row and removably secured to the outer faces of all the shingles or shakes in such row with the edge of such integrating strip farther from the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such row spaced from the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such row a distance equal to the desired exposure to the weather of the butt portions of the shingles or shakes in such row and thereby forming a first shingle or shake panel, placing such first panel on a roof or wall with the butt ends of the panel shingles or shakes in engagement with the upper edge of the integrating strip of a similar next lower panel having its shingles or shakes secured to the roof or wall, securing to the roof or wall the shingles or shakes of the first panel, applying a similar next higher shake or shingle panel in superposed relationship to the first panel with the butt ends of the shingles or shakes in such next higher panel substantially in engagement with the upper edge of the integrating strip of the first panel, removing the integrating strip from the shakes or shingles of the first panel, and removing the integrating strip from the shakes or shingles of such next lower panel.
13. The process defined in claim 12, in which the shingles or shakes of the first panel are not all of equal width and are arranged in the row with the width of the shingles or shakes increasing from one end of the panel to the other and the joints between the shingles of the first panel are offset a predetermined distance from the joints between the shingles or shakes of the next lower panel, and the joints between the shakes or shingles of the next higher panel are offset a predetermined distance from the joints between the shingles or shakes of the first panel substantially equal to the offset distance between the joints of the next lower panel and the joints of the first panel, neither of which offset distances appreciably exceeds one-third of the width of the narrowest shake or shingle in the panels.
14. Apparatus for making shingle or shake panels comprising trimming apparatus for trimming shingles or shakes to different selected widths and edging such shingles or shakes, panel-fabricating apparatus arranged to support a set of such shingles or shakes of different widths in a row for fabrication into a panel, and transfer means for transferring the shingles or shakes from said trimming apparatus to said panel-fabricating apparatus.
15. The apparatus defined in claim 14, including a bin for receiving sets of shingles or shakes trimmed by the trimming means, and dispensing means for dispensing a set of shingles or shakes from said bin to the panel-fabricating apparatus.
16. The apparatus defined in claim 14, the transfer means including means for reversing the shingles or shakes end for end between the trimming means and the panel-fabricating apparatus.
17. The apparatus defined in claim 14, the transfer means including receiving means for receiving a set of shingles or shakes to be fabricated into a panel by endwise movement of such singles or sakes and for discharging such set of shingles or shakes endwise from said receiving means to the panel-fabricating apparatus.
18. The apparatus defined in claim 17, in which the receiving mans includes wheel means having radial partitions forming radial slots opening outward for receiving shingles or shakes by movement lengthwise of the shingles or shakes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84028186A | 1986-03-13 | 1986-03-13 | |
| US840,281 | 1986-03-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1296503C true CA1296503C (en) | 1992-03-03 |
Family
ID=25281936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000530561A Expired - Lifetime CA1296503C (en) | 1986-03-13 | 1987-02-25 | Shingle or shake panel and apparatus for making the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1296503C (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-02-25 CA CA000530561A patent/CA1296503C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |