CA1296233C - Apparatus for separating potato flesh from a potato half - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT
A machine is disclosed which is capable of cutting solid pieces of potato from potato halves. A potato half 42 is supported in the cup 28 of a potato holder 18 beneath a plate 60. The plate 60 slides across the flat surface of the potato half to restrain it from movement, and while this happens a curved blade 88 moves into the potato half through a slot 64 in the plate 60 to cut out a solid piece 116 from the potato half 42. The depth to which the blade 88 penetrates the potato as it sweeps through it is controlled by a cam 100.

Description

2~3 APPP~R~'rUS FOR SEPARATING POTATO_ FLESH FROM A POTATO HALF
Technical Field This invention is concerned with the preparation of 5 potato food products, and specifically the invention relates to apparatus for removing potato flesh from potato halves to produce potato skins. A known method of preparing a potato is to cut it in half, and to then cut out or scoop out from each potato half some of the potato lO flesh to leave behind a l'potato boat" consisting of potato outer coveriny and some po~ato flesh attached to the outer covering. Such food items are generally known as "potato skins" ~even -th,rough the items include some potato flesh) and the expression "potato skinl' will be used in this 15 Specification to describe such a food item. Potato skins are usually served stu~fed with flavoured stufing material. If the potato skin is to be consumed at .
breakfast time then an egg and bacon flavoured stuffing may be used, and of- course other flavoured stuffing can be 20 provided appropriate to the time oE day or to suit personal tastes.
Back~round Art Potato skins can be prepared by manually removing the potato flesh, but of course manual methods are slow and/or 25 expensive. A machine has been described in United States Patent No. 4,420,494 in which a spray of slurry or solid particles is directed onto the exposed cut surEace of a potato half so as to abrade away the central potato flesh.
This machine has two disadvantages~ Firstly it can only be 30 used on potatoes which have been partially cooked so that the machine cannot produce a raw (uncooked) potato skin, and secondly the potato flesh removed ~which is usually in the form of a slurry) has to be thrown away or has to be dried out before it can be used.

~29~3 Acco,rding to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a potato processing apparatus for cutting a solid piece of potato flesh ~ from a potato half to produce a potato skin. The apparatus comprises potato holding means. Dividing means is provided for dividing a whole potato producing two potato halves. Separator means is provided for removing a reusable ,solid piece of potato flesh from each pota-to half. Indexing means is further provided for indexing the potato firstly to the dividing means and secondly to the separator means. The potato holding means includes a plurality of holders mounted in spaced-apaxt relation along a conveyor. Each holder comprising two cups which are hinged together for movement between a closed position to grip a whole potato and an open position to hold two potato halves.
According to still further broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a potato processing apparatus from cutting a solid piece of potato flesh from a cut surface of a potato half to produce a potato skin. The apparatus comprises support means for supporting a potato half in a manner exposing the cut surface thereof. A
restraining plate including a slot is formed -therein and the restraining plate is operably associated with the support means for riding across the cut surface of a potato half and for restraining the potato half on the support means.
Means is provided for causing relative movement between the support means and the restraining plate to effect the riding movement. A non-rotatable blade operably associated with the restraining plate and capable of passlng through the slot in the restraining plate to penetrate into the cut A

2~3 surface of the potato half. Means is provided for moving the blade through the slot. The means for moving the blade -through the slot together with the means for causing xelative movement between the support means and the restraining plate causes the blade to trav~l in an .arcuate path through the flesh of the potato half cutting a solid piece of potato flesh from the potato .half, thereby producing a potato skin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

~ preferred embodiment of a machine according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which : FIGURE 1 is a side view of the machine with parts of the casing broken away to show detail;
FIGURE 2 is a view on the line II - II of figure 1 showing a shuttle mechanism of the machine which removes solid pieces of potato from potato ` halves;
FIGURE 3 is a top plan view of the machine of figure 1, FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the shuttle mechanism mentioned above;
FIGURE 5 is a view of a blade of the machine of figures 1 to 4, this figure also showing a drive mechanism to vibrate the blade to produce a sawing action, and FIGURES 6 to 9 are perspective diagramatic se~uential ~iews showing the way in which a solid piece of potato is cut from a potato half.

~Z9~233 DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in Figure 1, the apparatus comprises :- a conveyor 2 which is driven in the direction of the arrow A;
potato carrying means 4 attached to the conveyor; a __ 5 dividing station 6 at which potatoes are divided^into two halves whilst the potato is held in the potato carrying means; and a separating station 8 at which solid pieces of potato flesh are separated from the inside of potato halves to leave behind potato skins.
The apparatus comprises a main frame 10 on which are rotatably mounted two sprocket wheels 12 and 14. The mounting for the idler sprocket wheel 12 is best seen in Figure 3. The wheel has a pair of horizontally extending shafts extending one on each side thereof, these shafts 15 being rotatable in a nylon hearing arrangement 13 which is bol-ted to the frame 10 of the machine by bolts 15.
The sprocke-t wheels 12 and 14 serve to support a conveyor chain 16. The upper run of the conveyor chain is taut, generally horizontal, and in use moves (as viewed in 20 Figure 1) from left to right as shown by arrow A. The lower run of the chain is the return run, and is slack.
The potato carrying means 4 comprises a number of potato holders 18 which are equally spaced apart aIong the length ---of the chain 16 and are attached to it. The precise number 25 of holders is not critical, but there may be nine, only some of which are illustrated. The conveyor is driven by means of a motor operated indexing device 19 mounted on the main frame 10, the device having a driven pulley 20 which is drivingly connected by a belt 21 to a pulley 22. The 30 pulley 22 is keyed to a s'naft 23 which is itself keyed to the sprocket wheel 14. The power for driving the conveyor can be obtained from an air motor 9.
The potato holders 18 are best seen in Figures 1 to 3.
Each holder comprises two parts 24 each hingedly connected at 27 to a central bar 25 (see figure 2) mounted on the conveyor chain. Each holder part 24 comprises a generally Elat 26 with a cen-tral cup 2B shaped and dimensioned to receive a por~ion o~ a potato. It will be understood that 5 the potatoes fed to the machine will be graded, i.e. ali~of the potatoes will be of a size to suit the dimensions of the potato holders. Of course the shape and size of the most plentifully available potatoes will vary according to the geoyraphical location in which the machine is to be 10 used and according to the time of year. Thus, the shape and size of the potato holders fitted to a machine will be chosen accordingly, and it is possible for each machine co be supplied with several sets of interchangeable holders so t;lai ~he ho~Lders can be chosen to suit the potatoes 15 available at any particular time.
On the return (lower) run oE the conveyor the potato holders 18 are empty, and the two parts 24 of each holder hang down facing one another as shown in figure 2. On Figure 1 the reference 'X' shows an empty holder 18 on the 20 lower run of the conveyor in a position about to pass over the sprocket 12 and onto the upper run, and the reference 'Y' shows a holder 18 carrying a potato at the dividing station 6. As a holder passes ~rom position 'X' to position 'Y' it is first necessary for its two parts 24 to 25 separate so that a po-tato can be inserted into the holder, whereafter the parts 24 must be closed toge her sufficiently to grip a potato.
This opening and closing can be achieved in various ways. For example, as a holder 16 passes over the left 30 hand sprocket 12 to enter the upper run of the conveyor its two parts 24 may separate (pivot apart) under the action of a torsion spring (not shown). This position is not illustrated, but is indicated approximately by the reference 'L' (Figure 1). This region 'L' can be regarded ~2~6~3~

as the position of a potato loading station. The extend to which the parts 24 separate at the loading station 'L' is limited by a cam arrangement consisting of a pair of guide rails 30. The downstream ends of these guide rails are 5 mounted one on each of a pair of parallel clampi~g rails 32 which extend horizontally alongside one another above the conveyor chain 16 and aligned with the chain. As seen in Figure 3 these guide rails 30 converge in the downstream (i.e. conveying) direction (arrow 'A'), and as seen in lO Figure 1 the rails 32 curve downwardly in the upstream direction so that their free ends form a "funnel" or channel into which the holders 16 move as they pass over the sprocket wheel 12 As a holder 16 advances between the guide rails 3~ t'ne cocsion spring will urge-~he two parts 15 24 to pivot apart so that outer edges 34 of the parts 24 will engage the rails 30 and the parts 24 will be forced progressively together by the guide rails 30 as the conveyor advances. Of course, a potato must be inserted into each holder as the two parts 24 of each holder start 20 to close together. The insertion of a potato can be done manually, or if preferred an automatic potato inserting mechanism (not shown) could be used.
The guide rails 30 extend for the entire length of the clamping rails 32 and thus serve to guide tlne holder 16 25 until they leave the dividing station 6. The two clamping rails 32 on which the guide rails 30 are mounted are connected to one another by a pair of crossed links 34 which form a scissors mechanism 33, the links 34 being pivoted to one another in their central regions where they 30 cross and being pivoted at their ends to the clamping rails 32. The scissors mechanism allows the rails 32 to move towac~s and away from one another, but keeps the rails 32 ~an~ tnus the rails 30) parallel to each other. The scissors mechanism 33 is provided with a spring (not shown) ~2~2~3 which urges the clamping rails 32 towards each other so that each holder 18 is clamped by the guide rails 30 so as to grip a potato securely. In the closed or clamped position of the holders it is important that the two parts--5 24 do not close completely together because it is necessaryfor a knife blade to pass through a space '~' between them to cut the potato in half. The degree to whi~h -the 'nolder parts 24 close together will be governed by two main factors. The first factor is the size of the potatoes 10 relative to the size of the potato holding cups 28, and as mentioned above the sizes of the holders and/or the potatoes will be selected as appropriate. The second factor which affects the spacing 'S' between the two parts of the holders in their closed position is the spacing 15 between the pivot points 27 where the holder parts 2~ are pivoted to the bar 25. Figure 2 shows an arangement where the pivot points 27 are widely spaced, whereas Figure 3 ---shows an arrangement in which the pivot points are closer together. It is possible to provide means for adjusting 20 the spacing between-the pivot points 27, and this may be achieved by providing a number of holes spaced apart along the bar 25, so that pivot pins can be inserted into selected holes. -The dividing station 6 is provided with a knife 40 25 shown diagrammatically in Figures 1 and 3. The knife comprises a vertical blade fixedly supported at its upper end by means not shown, the blade being disposed in a vertical plane in which the conveyor chain lies so that the two parts o~ eac`Q~Qolde~ oass one on each side of the blade 30 as the conveyor advances passed it. The knife blade 40 thus serves to divide the potatoes in half. In a modified arrangement (not shown). The knife blade could reciprocate up and down, and if desired the conveyor could be halted at the dividing station whilst the knife not only reciprocates ~25~6233 up and down bu-~ also advances u~os~ream.
As a holder leaves the dividing station it parts 24 pass clear of the rails 30 so that the two parts oE each holder can separate under the action of the to~sion spring 5 (not shown) to a fully open position shown at IFt in Figures 1 and 3. It is important to ensure that the two potato halves 42 produced at the dividing station remain in their respective cups 28 as the holder opens out, and this can be achieved in various ways. For example, one o~ more - 10 small spikes could be provided in each cup 28 to grip a potato half securely.
The most important part of the machine is the mechanism at the separating station 8 for removing solid pieces of potato from each potato half. This mechanism 15 comprises a shuttle mechanism 44 which is reciprocated horizontally to and fro above the conveyor chain 16 and at right angles to the conveying direction as shown by the _-double headed arrow 'B' in Figures 2,3 and 4.
Figures 2 and 3 show the shuttle 44 in one of its end 20 positions. The shuttle moves to and fro on a hori20ntal guide rod 46 which is fixedly mounted on the casing 10, and movement is affected by means of a piston rod 48 of a double acting pneumati~- piston and cylinder arrangement 50. -The rod 48 is bolted to the shuttle at 52. The shuttle 44 25 comprises two parts 54 and 56 which are both pivotally mounted on the guide rod 46, and these parts pivot relative to each other as they recip~ocate to and fro on the rod 46.
The part 54 serves to restrain potato halves whilst they are being "scooped" by the part 56 which cuts out solid 30 pieces of potato to leave behind potato skins.
The potato restraining part 54 comprises a frame consisting of two side walls 58 through which the guide rod 46 passes and to one of which side walls the piston rod 48 is bolted, and a bottom plate 60 rigidly connected to the ~2~33 side walls. The bottom plate 60 has an upturned rim 62 and a 2air of spaced apart slots 64 which extend parallel to the conveyor chain 16. The potato separating part 56 of the shuttle 44 comprises a rectangular plate 66 which is 5 dimensioned to fit ~etween the side walls 58, and further comprises various parts mounted on the top and the bottom of the plate. Mounted on the top of the plate 66 are a drive motor 68 disposed a~ the rear or downstream end thereof~ and a rotatable shaf-t 70 mounted in bearings 72 at lO the upstream end of the plate. The electric drive motor 68 rotates a pu]ley 74 which is connected by a belt 76 to a pulley 78 keyed to the shaft 70. Mounted on -the underside of the plate 66 at the rear edge thereof are bearings 80 which slidably and pivotally mount the plate on the rod 15 46. A shaft 82 is mounted in bearings 84 on the underside of the plate 66 at the front end thereof, this rod having a pair of blade holders 86 (figures 1 and 4) fixedly mounted on it. The blade holders each carry blades 88 comprised by curved wire loops. The blades 88 are connected to the 20 holders 86 by clamps 87 shown only in figure 5. The rotatable shaft 70 on the top of the plate 66 carries a disc 90 (figure 5~ carrying an excentric pin 92 shown in dotted lines. This pin 92 is connected to the shaft 82 underneath the plate 66 by means of a connecting link 94.
25 The arrangement is such that when the drive motor 68 is operated it rotates the shaft 70, and as the shaft 70 rotates it causes the shaft 82 to rock to and fro so that the blades 88 rock about the axis of shaft 82. Mounted on the top of the plate 66 is a rod 96 which at one end is 30 bolted ~o the plate, the free end of the rod projecting -~orwardly clear of the plate 66 and carrying a roller 98.
The roller 98 serves as a cam follower which co-operates with a Eixed cam plate lO0 which extends transversely of the conveying direction above the conveyor chain 16. As ~ ~6233 the shuttle is reciprocated to and fro by the piston rod 48, the roller 98 follows the surface 102 of the cam plate 100 causing the plate 66 to pivot about the guide rod 46 as it slides thereon.
The operation of the machine will now be described. Operation of the conveyor, i.e.
starting and stopping of the conveyor will be controlled by any suitable device such as a model 510 programmable controller available from Texas Instruments of Bedford, England. This controller will also serve to control to and fro movement of the shuttle mechanism 44. In other ~rds, the programmable controller controls inde~ing of the machine.
The conveyor will be advanced from its position shown in Figure 1 to another position (not shown) in which the holder in position 'X' will have moved to the loading station 'L' and the holder in position 'F' will have moved to a position 'Z' at the separating station best seen in Figure 2. In this new position the conveyor will be stopped. As the holder moves from position 'F' towards position cz. the leading edge of the holder 18 will be guided beneath the upturned rim 62 of the plate 60. In the position 'Z' of the holdQr 18, the plate 60 will rest on top of the two potato halves 42 projecting just above their respective cups 28. In order to ensure firm contact between ~the underside of the plate 60 and the flat tops of the potato halves 42, two measures are possible, one or both of which may be adopted. Firstly, a hold-down roller 104 can be provided to engage the top surface of the plate 60 as shown in Figure 1 to prevent it from lifting up too much. Secondlv, a support (not shown) could be provided beneath the conveyor chain 16 in the region below the plate 60 23;3 - 10a -to prevent the conveyor chain from sagging too much. Once the conveyor has been stopped, a potato will be inserted into the holder at the loading station 'L', and the shuttle will ~2~33 ;~e l~o~ed to the left as viewed in Figure 2. As the shuttle moves to the left the potato halves 42 will be restrained in their cups by means of the plate 60 which will press firmly on the cut surfaces of the potato halves as it _ 5 slides over the top of them. As this happens, the plate 66 will pivot downwardly and then upwardly again as the cam roller 98 on the rod 96 follows the outline of the cam surface 102. As the plate 66 starts to pivot downwardly, the two blades 88 which it carries will also move 10 downwardly and will progressively move through the slots 64 in the restraining plate 60 and into the potato halves.
The cam surface 102 is so shaped that each blade will enter a potato half at one side of such half, will then move downwardly into the potato half un~il the central region of 15 the potato half is reached and will then progressively rise until it leaves the potato half at the side opposite where it entered. The sequence of cutting one potato half is shown diagramatically in Figures 6 to 9, each of these figures showing only the positions of the cam roller 98 on 20 the cam surface 102, and the corresponding position of a blade 88 and a potato half 42. As shown in Figure 6, the cam surace 102 has three regions i.e. a first end region 106 which guides the roller 98 before the blade enters a --potato 'nalf a second (central) region 108 which guides the 25 roller 98 during cutting of the potato half, and a third region 110 which is an end region serving to guide the roller 98 after a potato has been cut. Thus, the central region 108 of the cam surace 102 is the effective portion thereof. In the starting position (Figure 6) the roller 98 30 is moving along the flat cam surface 106 in the direction of arrow 'T', whereas the blade 88 has not yet begun to move downwardly through its slot 64 in the potato restraining plate 60. In Figure 7, the roller has moved along the downwardly sloping lead-in of the central cam ~z~

surface region 108, and is approaching a central part o~
surface 108, whereas the blade 88 has moved downwardly through its slot 64, has entered the potato half 42 at one side 112 thereof, and has moved downwardly to cne cen~ral 5 region of the potato half.
In Figure 8 the roller 98 is moving upwardly and is about to leave the cam surEace 108, whereas the blade 88 is also moving upwardly, and is about to leave the potato half 4~ at a side 114 of the potato half. In Figure 9 the 10 roller has left the cam surface 108 and is moving along cam surface 110, whereas the hlade 88 has left the potato half 42 and has cut out a solid piece of potato 116 to leave behind a potato skin 118.
The removal of the solid piece of potato 116 from the 15 potato skin 118 could i~ desired be assisted by suction means (not shown). After the potato halves have been cut by the blades 88 as just described, and after a potato has been loaded at station 'L' the programmable controller controlling the machine wil~ cause the conveyor to advance 20 once more until the next following potato holders have reached the loading and separating stations, by which time the shuttle 44 will have been returned to its starting position, and the two potato skins just prepared by the --shuttle will have fallen out of their holders cups to be 25 collected as desired. As already mentioned, the cutting of a potato into halves at station 6 can be effected by a fixed blade during advance of the conveyor~ or by a movable blade controlled by the controller whilst the conveyor is halted.
It will be under~tood that the shape of t`ne central cam surface 108 is very important because it will not only affect the thickness of the potato skins produced, but will also need to be correct according to the size of the potato, and the shape of the potato, i.e. whether the 1L;~9~3 potato is approximately round or approximately oval. One could provide a set of interchangeable cam plates 100 or each machine, but it may be preferrable to provide an adjustable cam (not sho~rl~ ;'ne~shape oE which can be set to 5 suit a batch of potatoes being used. Alternativ~ly the~~
shape and size of each potato could be sensed, and the shape of the cam sureace co~lld be set for eac'n individual potato by the programmable controller.
Turning now to the blades ~8 in more detail, these are 10 co~cise(l o~ c~ 7ed loops of a suitably hard metalr and the metal can be o~ generally triangular cross-section and twisted to provide a spiral cutting edge. The size and shape of each blade will de,oend on the si~e and shape o t'ne potatoes being cut, so tha-~ the blades can be bent for 15 example to a V-shape or to the shape of a circular arc extending through, e.g. 180.
The pentration oE the blades into the potato halves is grea-tly assisted by the rocking or sawing motion of the blades, which motion takes place in the plane of the blades 20 as shown by the arrows 'R' in Figure 7. This rocking motion is achieved by the drive mechanism already described and including the drive motor 66, the pin 92, link q4 and shafts 70 and 82. The downward force acting on the 'olades 88 during cutting depends on the weight of the plate 66 and 25 the weight of the motor 68 and other parts carri~d oy the plate. In an alternative emhodiment the roller 98 could run in a cam groove so that it is positively forced downwardly during cutting of a potato half.
In this Specification mention has been made of 30 "cutting a potato in balf" and of "potato halves". In practice the two parts oE the potato will never ~e of e~actly the same size and shape, and the words "half~' and "halves" should o course be interpreted accordingly.
It has been found that a bent me-~al loop is the oest me~hod o~ cutting out a solid piece of potato to leave behind a potato skin, but some kind of retractable scoop could be used instead.
If the machine is to be used with potatoes of various 5 sizes, then any suitable known means can be provided to sense the size and shape oE each individual potato, and various parts of the machine can be automatically adjusted accordingly, e.g. automatic adjustment could be made to the configuration of each po~ato holder and to the cam, and 10 possibly even to the shape of -the blades ~
The machine can be water lubricated, and will be ma~e of suitable materials where approprate, e.g. nylon, stainless steel and aluminium.
Once the po~ato skins'nave been produced on a machlne 15 according to t'ne invention, they can be sold uncooked, or may be partly or completely cooked beore being sold. They can be sold as they are, or stuffed, or even cut up into ....
smaller pieces~
The machine will normally be used with raw potatoes, 20 but if desired blanched or partially cooked potatoes could be used.
The solid pieces of normally raw potato cut from the potatoes can be used for the production of "French Fries"
or another potato product.
The amount by which each potato half 42 projects clear -of its cup 28 as it enters the separating station may be important, and it may be that the most suitable distance is about 0.3 cms.
In the arrangement described above the potato holders 30 16 are spring biased apart and thus they automatically pivot apart as they leave the dividing station 6. Howèver, it would also be possible to spring bias the holders to a closed position. This would make it easier for the holders to grip a potato at the loading station, and of course at the loading station 'L' it would be necessary for the holders to be prised open to allow a poiato to be inserted.
In this case cam means would be needed downstream of the dividing station to open the holders out to their open S position shown at 'F' in Figure 1~ ~

Claims (11)

1. Potato processing apparatus for cutting a solid piece of potato flesh from a cut surface of a potato half to provide a potato skin comprising:
(a) support means for supporting a potato half in a manner exposing the cut surface thereof;
(b) a restraining plate including a slot formed therein, said restraining plate being operably associated with said support means for riding across the cut surface of a potato half and for restraining the potato half on said support means;
(c) means for causing relative movement between said support means and said restraining plate to effect the riding movement;
(d) a non-rotatable blade operably associated with said restraining plate and capable of passing through said slot in said restraining plate to penetrate into the cut surface of the potato half;
(e) means for moving said blade through said slot; and (f) said means for moving said blade through said slot together with said means for causing relative movement between said support means and said restraining plate causing said blade to travel in an arcuate path through the flesh of the potato half cutting a solid piece of potato flesh from the potato half, thereby producing a potato skin.

2. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 1, wherein:
(a) said non-rotatable blade being arcuate in shape; and (b) said arcuate blade being supported by a blade carrier.

3. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 2, wherein:
(a) said potato processing apparatus including a shuttle; and (b) said shuttle including said restraining plate and said blade carrier.

4. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 3, wherein:
(a) cam means being operably associated with said shuttle; and (b) said cam means for controlling the depth penetration of said cutting blade relative to the cut surface of the potato half during cutting of the solid piece of potato flesh from the potato half.

5. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 4, wherein:
(a) said cam means including a cam follower guided by a cam surface; and (b) said blade carrier being secured to said cam follower.

6. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 3, wherein:
(a) said shuttle including two blade carriers and two slotted restraining plates, thereby allowing simultaneous cutting of solid pieces of potato flesh from two potato halves.

7. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 2, wherein:
(a) said arcuate cutting blade comprising a metal loop which is triangular in cross-section and twisted to provide a spiral cutting edge.

8. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 3, wherein;
(a) said shuttle including cutting blade oscillating means for oscillating said cutting blade, thereby subjecting said cutting blade to a rocking motion in the plane of said cutting blade.

9. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 1, wherein:
(a) said support means including at least one pair of hinged, operable and closeable cup-shaped holders;
(b) said cup-shaped holders being mounted on a moving conveyor;
(c) said cup-shaped holders capable of supporting whole uncut potatoes when closed;
(d) said cup-shaped holders capable of supporting potato halves when opened;
(e) means for opening and closing said hinged cup-shaped holders; and (f) knife means cooperating with said cup shaped holders for dividing a whole potato into two potato halves.

10. Potato processing apparatus as in claim 9, wherein:
(a) said means for opening and closing said hinged cup-shaped holders including a pair of stationary guide rails positioned adjacent said conveyor in contact with said hinged cup-shaped holders.

11. Potato processing apparatus for cutting a solid piece of potato flesh from a potato half to produce a potato skin, comprising:
(a) potato holding means;
(b) dividing means for dividing a whole potato producing two potato halves;
(c) separator means fox removing a reusable solid piece of potato flesh from each potato half;
(d) indexing means for indexing the potato firstly to said dividing means and secondly to said separator means, and (e) said potato holding means including a plurality of holders mounted in spaced-apart relation along a conveyor, each holder comprising two cups which are hinged together for movement between a closed position to grip a whole potato and an open position to hold two potato halves.