CA1295557C - Bootstrap-type hose using bias-cut fabrics - Google Patents
Bootstrap-type hose using bias-cut fabricsInfo
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- CA1295557C CA1295557C CA000567761A CA567761A CA1295557C CA 1295557 C CA1295557 C CA 1295557C CA 000567761 A CA000567761 A CA 000567761A CA 567761 A CA567761 A CA 567761A CA 1295557 C CA1295557 C CA 1295557C
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- hose
- cords
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Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure BOOTSTRAP-TYPE HOSE USING BIAS-CUT FABRICS
There is disclosed a method of producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of about 40° to about 160°;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(c) applying a first layer of said fabric around said tube such that one set of cross-weft cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords lays at an angle from said longitudinal axis equal to said intersect angle; and (d) applying a second layer of said fabric around said first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of said first layer.
There is disclosed a method of producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of about 40° to about 160°;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(c) applying a first layer of said fabric around said tube such that one set of cross-weft cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords lays at an angle from said longitudinal axis equal to said intersect angle; and (d) applying a second layer of said fabric around said first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of said first layer.
Description
lZS?~S~7 BOOTSTRAP-TYPE HOSE USING BIAS-CUT FABRICS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method of producing a hose having improved strength in the axial direction.
It also relates to a hose made by the process.
Background of the Invention There are known applications for hoses having improved strength in the axial or longitudinal direction. This requirement most often comes about in applications where the hose will be either hung or dragged or where it will be particularly preferred that the hose not expand in the axial direction. One example is in hoses used to transport potable water and/or fuel in military applications. These hoses are generally put into use by securing one end of the hose at a distribution point for the material to be transferred then dispensing the hose from the back of a vehicle which travels across an expanse of terrain.
Another application is in American Association of Railroads (AAR), air brake hoses. The rigid specifications for this type of hose generally state that the hose cannot grow in length after being under pressure for a given amount of time. In addition, the hose, while in use, must maintain a certain minimum radius of curvature, to avoid kinking.
Another application is in irrigation, where again, one end of the hose is connected to a hydrant and the remainder of the hose is fed from a reel attached to a mobile sprinkler which moves across the field dragging the hose full of water behind it. In o~her irrigation applications for agricultural uses, the hose may be delivered off the back of a vehicle similar to the military applications.
, 129SSS'7 Still another application is for sludge hoses used in mining applications, wherein the sludge from the mine pits containing a considerable amount of fine materials is pumped to a disposal site wherein after use, the end of the hose ends up below the disposed sludge and must be pulled out therefrom. Another application similar to the sludge hose application is in dredging operations where the hose for suctioning the silt from the bottom of a channel in a river or canal is dragged along behind a barge.
One means used in the past to provide additional horizontal or axial strength has been to utilize separate steel cables running parallel to the hose and connected to eyelets on the couplings. Another method has been to build into the hose structure a number of stranded wire reinforcements extending along the axial direction of the hose and disposed around the entire circumference or a portion thereof. This method of reinforcement requires extra steps in the hose building procedure. Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of the present invention to disclose a simplified method of producing a hose having improved axial strength. It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to eliminate the necessity for applying additional longitudinal reinforcement to a hose in order to improve actual strength.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent hereinafter as the description thereof proceeds, the novel features, arrangements and combinations being clearly pointed out in the specification as well as the claims thereunder appended.
-" 1295557 Summary of the Invention In accordance with the practice of the present invention, there is disclosed a method of producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of about 40 to about 160;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(c) applying a first layer of said fabric around said tube such that one set of cross-weft cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords lays at an angle from said longitudinal axis equal to said intersect angle; and (d) applying a second layer of said fabric around said first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of said first layer.
There is also disclosed a hose having improved axial strength comprising:
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 40 to 160 wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer; wherein one set of - 1;295557 cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
The term cross-weft is defined herein to denote those discontinuous cords which result from preparing the fabric strips employed in this invention as distinguished from cords which run continuously, parallel to the longitudinal direction of a length of fabric, commonly called warp cords. The discontinuity referred to above is a directional concept wherein any cord segment has a finite length across the width of the fabric strip notwithstanding the possibility that the method of preparing the fabric strip may allow for any individual cord to continue in another direction.
Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A hose comprising:
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 108 to 144 wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer, wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross ~' lZ95557 4a -weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
A method for producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 90~;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis; and (c) applying a layer of said fabric around said tube in spirally overlapping convolutions such that one set of cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figs 1, 3 and 5 are diagrammatic illustrations of bias-cut fabric strips used in the method of the present invention.
Figs 2, 4 and 6 are side views partly in section illustrating hoses produced with the fabric strips of Figs 1, 3 and 5 respectively when used in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawinas and the Invention Fig 1 illustrates a bias-cut fabric shown generally at 10 having cross-weft cords 12 and 12' which`
~, ~
.
lZ~i5S7 intersect at an intersect angle ~ of 90. This particular embodiment of a fabric strip can be produced by cutting a square woven fabric at 45 or by other methods known in the art which will be hereinafter described. Such 45 bias-cut fabric strips have been known in the past to have been used as reinforcement in hose building operations. However, such strips were wrapped around the tube of the hose in what is known as the cigar wrap wherein the longitudinal direction of the fabric strip is wound either perpendicular to or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hose tube. In such prior art methods, if the fabric strip were to be wound perpendicular to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the hose, the width of the fabric strip had to equal the length of the hose section to be built. If longer lengths of hose were desired, the fabric strip had to be wound parallel to the longitudinal axis. In either case, the operation was not conducive to automated equipment and was time consuming. Furthermore, the resulting hose with its reinforcing cords laying at an angle to the longitudinal axis equal to 45 would be subject to contraction in the longitudinal direction as well as elongation in the radial direction when put under pressure. This phenomena comes about as a result of the reinforcing cords trying to attain what has come to be known as the neutral angle of 5444' from the longitudinal axis. It can be shown mathematically that this angle of 5444' is the angle of the resulting force vector when balancing the vectors of the forces on the cords in the axial direction vs. the vectors of the forces in the circumferential direction.
It has been discovered that the fabric strip 10 shown in Fig 1 can be used in the improved method of the present invention to construct a hose 14 as shown in Fig 2. This method for producing a hose having improved axial strength comprises the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric 10 having two sets of cross-weft cords 12,12' which intersect each other at an intersect angle ~ of 90, (b) providing a cylindrical tube 16 having a longitudinal axis 18, and (c) applying a layer of said fabric 10 around said tube 16 in spirally overlapping convolutions such that one set of cords 12 lays parallel to said longitudinal axis 18.
It can be seen that using a spiral angle ~, in this instance 45, along with the splice overlap shown at 20, that there is provided one set of cross-weft cords 12 which lay parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords 12' which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
Additionally, a cover 22 may be applied around the reinforcement fabric layer. After the hose is constructed, it can be cured by any of the means well known in the art so as to form a unit and particularly to provide for a continuous reinforcement in the axial direction by tying together the cross-weft cords 12 at the overlap splice 20 from one convolution to the other.
While it can be appreciated that Figs 1 and 2 illustrate the embodiment of the narrowest concept of the present invention, Figs 3 and 5 represent the broader aspect of orienting the cords of the fabric strip of Fig 1, either in the transverse direction as illustrated in Fig 3, or in the longitudinal direction as illustrated in Fig 5. The effect of such an orienting is to change the intersect angle between one 12~5557 set of cross-weft cords 12 and the other set of cross-weft cords 12'. In Fig 3, the intersect angle a represents the obtuse angles greater than 90 up to and including 160. In Fig 5, the intersect angle a represents those acute angles less than 90 down to and including 40.
The method for producing the hoses illustrated by Fig 4 and Fig 6 using the strips of fabric illustrated by Figs 3 and 5 respectively comprises the steps of (a) providing a strip of fabric 10 having two sets of cross-weft cords 12,12' which intersect each other at an intersect angle a of from about 40 to about 160, (b) providing a cylindrical tube 16 having a longitudinal axis 18, (c) applying a first layer of said fabric 10 around said tube 16 such that one set of cross-weft cords 12 lays parallel to the longitudingal axis 18 and the other set of cross-weft cords 12' lays at an angle from the axis which is equal to the intersect angle, and (d) applying a second layer of the fabric 10' around the first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords 12 of the second layer 10' lays parallel to the longitudinal axis 18 and the other set of cross-weft cords 12' of the second layer 10' lays at an angle from the axis 18 which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords 12 of the first layer 10.
It is particularly advantageous to wrap the fabric layers by spirally winding in overlapping convolutions to provide a splice overlap shown at 20. A polymeric cover 22 can also be applied around the second layer of fabric.
1~9S55~
It will be appreciated that the requirement of a second layer of fabric for those instances when the intersect angle is other than 90 provides for a hose having a balanced construction. By balanced construction is meant that the second set of cross-weft cords in each layer are at equal and opposite angles from the longitudinal axis. This construction prevents any longitudinal twisting which would occur when the hose was put under pressure if it were not so balanced.
It will also be appreciated that additional sets of fabric layers may be applied for greater strength. It should be noted that the spiral angles ~ and ~' at which the fabric strips are wrapped around the tube in the present invention are equal to one-half the intersect angles a. In order to better utili7.e the process of the present invention, it is preferred that the obtuse angles illustrated in Fig 3 be from 108 to about 144 and that the acute intersect angles represented by Fig 5 be from 55 to about 72. After curing the hose into a unit, it can be seen that there is provided a hose having improved strength in the longitudinal direction without the need of applying additional layers of longitudinal cords or cables as has been shown in the prior art.
While the fabric strips shown in Figs 1, 3 and 5 illustrate that they have been bias-cut from square woven fabric, either from a tubular fabric which results in one long continuous strip for the entire length of the fabric or from a flat fabric which would require that the individual pieces be attached end to end, it will be appreciated that non-woven fabrics can also be used. Such non-woven fabrics can be produced on the bias as illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,416,929, 4,566,440, and 4,567,738.
1~95557 The only l~tation being that any oord used in the langit~nal direction not be a non-extensible structural cord, the reason being that any non-extensible cord in the longitudinal direction of the fabric strip would have a tendency to cause wrinkling at the overlap splice. The fabrics used in the method of the present invention can be either metal wire such as steel or textile fabrics such as nylon, Dacron~, cotton, Fiberglas~, or polyester, for example. It is a general practice to coat fabrics with a binder solution either by dipping or coating prior to calendering an elastomeric coating onto the fabric. One such type commonly used for textile fabrics is a combination of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and latex, known as the RFL coating. In the case of metallic wire, coatings commonly used are brass and zinc. The preferred method of the present invention can be carried out on any conventional apparatus which is conducive to spiral winding. One such type is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,266,579 wherein a mantrel shown here as 24 is moved rectilinearly through a series of building stations wherein the various layers of the hose are applied, including but not limited to, the steps of applying the tube either by extrusion or by wrapping the elastomeric material, followed by applying the fabric reinforcement and then applying the cover material. Another apparatus which may be used is illustrated in Canadian Patent No. 1,108,518, wherein the mandrel is rotated in place and the various layers are applied from a carrier that travels along the length of the mandrel. Since the particular type of apparatus used doe~ not form a part of the present invention and need not be further described.
.~
By the use of the process of the present invention, it can be seen that a hose having improved axial strength can be produced quickly and efficiently while minimizing the number of operations.
The two sets of cross-weft cords used to produce the fabrics employed in the present invention may be the same or different materials. This provides the designer with the option to specify the strength required in any given direction for any particular application.
While certain embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method of producing a hose having improved strength in the axial direction.
It also relates to a hose made by the process.
Background of the Invention There are known applications for hoses having improved strength in the axial or longitudinal direction. This requirement most often comes about in applications where the hose will be either hung or dragged or where it will be particularly preferred that the hose not expand in the axial direction. One example is in hoses used to transport potable water and/or fuel in military applications. These hoses are generally put into use by securing one end of the hose at a distribution point for the material to be transferred then dispensing the hose from the back of a vehicle which travels across an expanse of terrain.
Another application is in American Association of Railroads (AAR), air brake hoses. The rigid specifications for this type of hose generally state that the hose cannot grow in length after being under pressure for a given amount of time. In addition, the hose, while in use, must maintain a certain minimum radius of curvature, to avoid kinking.
Another application is in irrigation, where again, one end of the hose is connected to a hydrant and the remainder of the hose is fed from a reel attached to a mobile sprinkler which moves across the field dragging the hose full of water behind it. In o~her irrigation applications for agricultural uses, the hose may be delivered off the back of a vehicle similar to the military applications.
, 129SSS'7 Still another application is for sludge hoses used in mining applications, wherein the sludge from the mine pits containing a considerable amount of fine materials is pumped to a disposal site wherein after use, the end of the hose ends up below the disposed sludge and must be pulled out therefrom. Another application similar to the sludge hose application is in dredging operations where the hose for suctioning the silt from the bottom of a channel in a river or canal is dragged along behind a barge.
One means used in the past to provide additional horizontal or axial strength has been to utilize separate steel cables running parallel to the hose and connected to eyelets on the couplings. Another method has been to build into the hose structure a number of stranded wire reinforcements extending along the axial direction of the hose and disposed around the entire circumference or a portion thereof. This method of reinforcement requires extra steps in the hose building procedure. Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of the present invention to disclose a simplified method of producing a hose having improved axial strength. It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to eliminate the necessity for applying additional longitudinal reinforcement to a hose in order to improve actual strength.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent hereinafter as the description thereof proceeds, the novel features, arrangements and combinations being clearly pointed out in the specification as well as the claims thereunder appended.
-" 1295557 Summary of the Invention In accordance with the practice of the present invention, there is disclosed a method of producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of about 40 to about 160;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(c) applying a first layer of said fabric around said tube such that one set of cross-weft cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords lays at an angle from said longitudinal axis equal to said intersect angle; and (d) applying a second layer of said fabric around said first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of said first layer.
There is also disclosed a hose having improved axial strength comprising:
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 40 to 160 wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer; wherein one set of - 1;295557 cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
The term cross-weft is defined herein to denote those discontinuous cords which result from preparing the fabric strips employed in this invention as distinguished from cords which run continuously, parallel to the longitudinal direction of a length of fabric, commonly called warp cords. The discontinuity referred to above is a directional concept wherein any cord segment has a finite length across the width of the fabric strip notwithstanding the possibility that the method of preparing the fabric strip may allow for any individual cord to continue in another direction.
Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A hose comprising:
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 108 to 144 wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer, wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross ~' lZ95557 4a -weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
A method for producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 90~;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis; and (c) applying a layer of said fabric around said tube in spirally overlapping convolutions such that one set of cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figs 1, 3 and 5 are diagrammatic illustrations of bias-cut fabric strips used in the method of the present invention.
Figs 2, 4 and 6 are side views partly in section illustrating hoses produced with the fabric strips of Figs 1, 3 and 5 respectively when used in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawinas and the Invention Fig 1 illustrates a bias-cut fabric shown generally at 10 having cross-weft cords 12 and 12' which`
~, ~
.
lZ~i5S7 intersect at an intersect angle ~ of 90. This particular embodiment of a fabric strip can be produced by cutting a square woven fabric at 45 or by other methods known in the art which will be hereinafter described. Such 45 bias-cut fabric strips have been known in the past to have been used as reinforcement in hose building operations. However, such strips were wrapped around the tube of the hose in what is known as the cigar wrap wherein the longitudinal direction of the fabric strip is wound either perpendicular to or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hose tube. In such prior art methods, if the fabric strip were to be wound perpendicular to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the hose, the width of the fabric strip had to equal the length of the hose section to be built. If longer lengths of hose were desired, the fabric strip had to be wound parallel to the longitudinal axis. In either case, the operation was not conducive to automated equipment and was time consuming. Furthermore, the resulting hose with its reinforcing cords laying at an angle to the longitudinal axis equal to 45 would be subject to contraction in the longitudinal direction as well as elongation in the radial direction when put under pressure. This phenomena comes about as a result of the reinforcing cords trying to attain what has come to be known as the neutral angle of 5444' from the longitudinal axis. It can be shown mathematically that this angle of 5444' is the angle of the resulting force vector when balancing the vectors of the forces on the cords in the axial direction vs. the vectors of the forces in the circumferential direction.
It has been discovered that the fabric strip 10 shown in Fig 1 can be used in the improved method of the present invention to construct a hose 14 as shown in Fig 2. This method for producing a hose having improved axial strength comprises the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric 10 having two sets of cross-weft cords 12,12' which intersect each other at an intersect angle ~ of 90, (b) providing a cylindrical tube 16 having a longitudinal axis 18, and (c) applying a layer of said fabric 10 around said tube 16 in spirally overlapping convolutions such that one set of cords 12 lays parallel to said longitudinal axis 18.
It can be seen that using a spiral angle ~, in this instance 45, along with the splice overlap shown at 20, that there is provided one set of cross-weft cords 12 which lay parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords 12' which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
Additionally, a cover 22 may be applied around the reinforcement fabric layer. After the hose is constructed, it can be cured by any of the means well known in the art so as to form a unit and particularly to provide for a continuous reinforcement in the axial direction by tying together the cross-weft cords 12 at the overlap splice 20 from one convolution to the other.
While it can be appreciated that Figs 1 and 2 illustrate the embodiment of the narrowest concept of the present invention, Figs 3 and 5 represent the broader aspect of orienting the cords of the fabric strip of Fig 1, either in the transverse direction as illustrated in Fig 3, or in the longitudinal direction as illustrated in Fig 5. The effect of such an orienting is to change the intersect angle between one 12~5557 set of cross-weft cords 12 and the other set of cross-weft cords 12'. In Fig 3, the intersect angle a represents the obtuse angles greater than 90 up to and including 160. In Fig 5, the intersect angle a represents those acute angles less than 90 down to and including 40.
The method for producing the hoses illustrated by Fig 4 and Fig 6 using the strips of fabric illustrated by Figs 3 and 5 respectively comprises the steps of (a) providing a strip of fabric 10 having two sets of cross-weft cords 12,12' which intersect each other at an intersect angle a of from about 40 to about 160, (b) providing a cylindrical tube 16 having a longitudinal axis 18, (c) applying a first layer of said fabric 10 around said tube 16 such that one set of cross-weft cords 12 lays parallel to the longitudingal axis 18 and the other set of cross-weft cords 12' lays at an angle from the axis which is equal to the intersect angle, and (d) applying a second layer of the fabric 10' around the first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords 12 of the second layer 10' lays parallel to the longitudinal axis 18 and the other set of cross-weft cords 12' of the second layer 10' lays at an angle from the axis 18 which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords 12 of the first layer 10.
It is particularly advantageous to wrap the fabric layers by spirally winding in overlapping convolutions to provide a splice overlap shown at 20. A polymeric cover 22 can also be applied around the second layer of fabric.
1~9S55~
It will be appreciated that the requirement of a second layer of fabric for those instances when the intersect angle is other than 90 provides for a hose having a balanced construction. By balanced construction is meant that the second set of cross-weft cords in each layer are at equal and opposite angles from the longitudinal axis. This construction prevents any longitudinal twisting which would occur when the hose was put under pressure if it were not so balanced.
It will also be appreciated that additional sets of fabric layers may be applied for greater strength. It should be noted that the spiral angles ~ and ~' at which the fabric strips are wrapped around the tube in the present invention are equal to one-half the intersect angles a. In order to better utili7.e the process of the present invention, it is preferred that the obtuse angles illustrated in Fig 3 be from 108 to about 144 and that the acute intersect angles represented by Fig 5 be from 55 to about 72. After curing the hose into a unit, it can be seen that there is provided a hose having improved strength in the longitudinal direction without the need of applying additional layers of longitudinal cords or cables as has been shown in the prior art.
While the fabric strips shown in Figs 1, 3 and 5 illustrate that they have been bias-cut from square woven fabric, either from a tubular fabric which results in one long continuous strip for the entire length of the fabric or from a flat fabric which would require that the individual pieces be attached end to end, it will be appreciated that non-woven fabrics can also be used. Such non-woven fabrics can be produced on the bias as illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,416,929, 4,566,440, and 4,567,738.
1~95557 The only l~tation being that any oord used in the langit~nal direction not be a non-extensible structural cord, the reason being that any non-extensible cord in the longitudinal direction of the fabric strip would have a tendency to cause wrinkling at the overlap splice. The fabrics used in the method of the present invention can be either metal wire such as steel or textile fabrics such as nylon, Dacron~, cotton, Fiberglas~, or polyester, for example. It is a general practice to coat fabrics with a binder solution either by dipping or coating prior to calendering an elastomeric coating onto the fabric. One such type commonly used for textile fabrics is a combination of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and latex, known as the RFL coating. In the case of metallic wire, coatings commonly used are brass and zinc. The preferred method of the present invention can be carried out on any conventional apparatus which is conducive to spiral winding. One such type is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,266,579 wherein a mantrel shown here as 24 is moved rectilinearly through a series of building stations wherein the various layers of the hose are applied, including but not limited to, the steps of applying the tube either by extrusion or by wrapping the elastomeric material, followed by applying the fabric reinforcement and then applying the cover material. Another apparatus which may be used is illustrated in Canadian Patent No. 1,108,518, wherein the mandrel is rotated in place and the various layers are applied from a carrier that travels along the length of the mandrel. Since the particular type of apparatus used doe~ not form a part of the present invention and need not be further described.
.~
By the use of the process of the present invention, it can be seen that a hose having improved axial strength can be produced quickly and efficiently while minimizing the number of operations.
The two sets of cross-weft cords used to produce the fabrics employed in the present invention may be the same or different materials. This provides the designer with the option to specify the strength required in any given direction for any particular application.
While certain embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (19)
1. A method for producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of about 40° to about 160°;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(c) applying a first layer of said fabric around said tube such that one set of cross-weft cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords lays at an angle from said longitudinal axis equal to said intersect angle; and (d) applying a second layer of said fabric around said first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of said first layer.
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of about 40° to about 160°;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(c) applying a first layer of said fabric around said tube such that one set of cross-weft cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords lays at an angle from said longitudinal axis equal to said intersect angle; and (d) applying a second layer of said fabric around said first layer such that one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to the longitudinal axis and the other set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of said first layer.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said fabric layers are applied to said tube by spirally winding said fabric layers in overlapping convolutions.
3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of applying a polymeric cover around said second layer of said fabric.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the intersect angle is from 55° to 72°.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the intersect angle is from 108° to 144°.
6. A hose produced according to the method of claim 1.
7. A hose produced according to the method of claim 2.
8. A hose produced according to the method of claim 4.
9. A hose produced according to the method of claim 5.
10. A hose comprising:
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 55° to 72° wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer, wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 55° to 72° wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer, wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
11. The hose according to claim 10 further comprising a polymeric cover around said second layer.
12. The hose according to claim 10 wherein the layers of fabric are spirally wrapped in overlapping convolutions.
13. A hose comprising:
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 108° to 144° wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer, wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
(a) a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis;
(b) a first layer of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 108° to 144° wrapped around said tube;
(c) a second layer of said fabric wrapped around said first layer, wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said first layer lays parallel to said longitudinal axis and the other set lays at an angle to said axis equal to said intersect angle, and wherein one set of cross-weft cords of said second layer lays parallel to said axis and the other set of cords of said second layer lays at an angle from said axis which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the angle of the other set of cords of the first layer.
14. The hose according to claim 13 further comprising a polymeric cover around said second layer.
15. The hose according to claim 13 wherein the layers of fabric are spirally wrapped in overlapping convolutions.
16. A method for producing a hose having improved axial strength comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 90°;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis; and (c) applying a layer of said fabric around said tube in spirally overlapping convolutions such that one set of cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis.
(a) providing a strip of fabric having two sets of cross-weft cords which intersect each other at an intersect angle of 90°;
(b) providing a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis; and (c) applying a layer of said fabric around said tube in spirally overlapping convolutions such that one set of cords lays parallel to said longitudinal axis.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of applying a cover around said fabric layer.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of curing the hose into a unit.
19. A hose produced according to the method of claim 16.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5609987A | 1987-06-01 | 1987-06-01 | |
| US56,099 | 1987-06-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1295557C true CA1295557C (en) | 1992-02-11 |
Family
ID=22002139
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000567761A Expired - Fee Related CA1295557C (en) | 1987-06-01 | 1988-05-26 | Bootstrap-type hose using bias-cut fabrics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1295557C (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-05-26 CA CA000567761A patent/CA1295557C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |