CA1289056C - Method and apparatus for multi-stage cementing of a well casing - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for multi-stage cementing of a well casingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1289056C CA1289056C CA000545264A CA545264A CA1289056C CA 1289056 C CA1289056 C CA 1289056C CA 000545264 A CA000545264 A CA 000545264A CA 545264 A CA545264 A CA 545264A CA 1289056 C CA1289056 C CA 1289056C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casing string
- liner portion
- string
- full
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
- E21B33/16—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes using plugs for isolating cement charge; Plugs therefor
- E21B33/165—Cementing plugs specially adapted for being released down-hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/08—Casing joints
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
- E21B33/146—Stage cementing, i.e. discharging cement from casing at different levels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and apparatus for multi-stage cementing of a well casing which permits rotation of the upper casing string independent from the lower string during the second or subsequent stage of cementation in order to ensure full displacement of any borehole fluids. The apparatus is readily connected to conventional casing strings and connects the upper and lower strings. The swivel includes a lower liner portion which is secured to the lower casing string and an upper liner portion which is connected to the upper string. These liner portions are telescopically engaged such that the upper liner portion can be vertically displaced relative to the lower liner portion.
Both liner portions include longitudinal splines which engage to permit simultaneous rotation of the full string yet can be disengaged by displacing the upper liner portion in order to provide independent rotation of the upper string. The device is utilized to rotatively disengage the upper string from the lower string once the first stage of cementation is completed. Upon displacing the first stage of cement through rotation of the full string, the intermediate multi-stage cement valve is opened and the splines of the swivel mechanism are disengaged. Thereafter, the second stage of cement slurry is pumped through the ports of the multi-stage valve while the upper string is rotated in order to provide complete displacement of the cement.
A method and apparatus for multi-stage cementing of a well casing which permits rotation of the upper casing string independent from the lower string during the second or subsequent stage of cementation in order to ensure full displacement of any borehole fluids. The apparatus is readily connected to conventional casing strings and connects the upper and lower strings. The swivel includes a lower liner portion which is secured to the lower casing string and an upper liner portion which is connected to the upper string. These liner portions are telescopically engaged such that the upper liner portion can be vertically displaced relative to the lower liner portion.
Both liner portions include longitudinal splines which engage to permit simultaneous rotation of the full string yet can be disengaged by displacing the upper liner portion in order to provide independent rotation of the upper string. The device is utilized to rotatively disengage the upper string from the lower string once the first stage of cementation is completed. Upon displacing the first stage of cement through rotation of the full string, the intermediate multi-stage cement valve is opened and the splines of the swivel mechanism are disengaged. Thereafter, the second stage of cement slurry is pumped through the ports of the multi-stage valve while the upper string is rotated in order to provide complete displacement of the cement.
Description
~%~
MET~OD AND APP~RATUS FOR
MULTI-STAGE CEMENTING OF
-A WELL CASING
Background of the Invention I. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a device and method for cementing a casing string in a borehole in multiple stages and, in particular, to a device and method for multi-stage cementing of a casing which permits rotation of the upper string independent from the lower string during the second cementation stage in order to ensure ~ull displacement of borehole fluid.
; ~
II. Description of the Prior Art During various oil well production operations, after a borehole has been drilled to a depth of several thousand feet, a steel casing is placed in the well in order to isolate geologic~l formations or zones of productive interest. This casing is cemented into place to prevent unconsolidated formations from sloughing o*f and to prevent different ~ormation fluids from mixing with one another. In a~dition, the casing prevents formation fluids ~`rom entering the driIled borehole. For whatever reason the steel casing is run, the borehole cannot be i,solated properly unless the drilling fluid in the hole surrounding the casing is completely replaced by a ~ardening, non-porous compound such as cement. During the cementing process, the cement slurry is pumped downhole through the casing string and then back uphole outside of the casing string thereby replacing the mud on the outside of the casing string with cement and bonding the outer periphery of the casing to the borehole wall. A
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'. , .
.:
successful cemen~ job is one in which all of the drilling mud is replaced by cement and the cement hardens into a protective sheath before further intrusion of fluids.
Because of the depth of the borehole, the full displacement of the mud by cement along the entire length of the casing has been one o~ the most difficult of all oil well jobs. If full cementation is not accomplished, vertical fluid migration through channels of undisplaced drilling mud is possible.
Additionally, in longer casing strings the cement slurry may be difficult to place behind the casing in one stage because the fluid density of the slurry column is hlgher than that of the drilling mud, causing difficulties in forcing the slurry several thousand feet down through the casing and several thousand feet back up the borehole.
In order to overcome this limitation two-stage cementing valves were developed which allowed the cement slurry to be first pumped down the entire casing string and ~ack up the hole to an intermediate poin~ just below the valve.
After opening the valve thereby allowing circulation from the two-stage valve upward and shutting off circulation in the casing string below the valve, the cement slurry needs only to be pumped approximately halfway down the casing, through the valve ports into the borehole annulus, and back up the upper portion of the hole to the surface.
Although the two-stage cementation process simplifies pumping of the cement slurry into longer casing strings, full displacement of the drilling mud cannot be ensured ~ithout rotation or reciprocation of the casing string.
This is particularly true in a borehole which is not true vertical, or straight, or is elliptical or eccentric in its geometry. Rotation or reciprocation of the casing string during the cementation process is known to sweep out the mud from the bottom of the hole by the friction .
' between the string and the mud so that the mud from the hole may be displaced by cement. In shorter boreholes, where only one cementation stage is n cessary, the full string is rotated until full displacemen-t of the drilling mud is accomplished over the entire length of the string.
Full string rotation or reciprocation is also utilizsd in the two-stage cementation process. While the first stage of the slurry is pumped down tke casing and into the lower portion of the borehole, the string is rotated to ensure full mud displacement in the first stage cementation. However, once the ~irst stage of the slurry is allowed to harden, the upper part of the casing above the multi-stage cementing valve could not be rotated during the second stage, This resulted in inadequate displacement of ~the drilling mud in the upper stage of cement.
Summary of the Present Invention The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the previously known devices for multi-stage cementing of a casing string by providing an apparatus and method for multi-stage cementing whereby the upper casing string can be rotated independently from the lower casing string during the second stage of cementation to ensure full displacement of the drilling mud.
, The apparatus according to the present invention comprises a swivel mechanism which is connected between ~he, upper and }ower casing string in the proximity of the intermediate cementing valve in order to permit rotation of the full string during the Eirst stage of cementation and the upper portion of the casing above the multi-stage cementing valve during the second or final cementing stage. The mechani~,m includes a lower liner portion and 5i6 ~an upper liner portion telescopically engaged such that the upper liner portion can be vertically displaced relative to the lower liner portion. In a preEerred embodiment, both liner portions include engageable splines which cooperate to effectua~e rotation of the full casing string yet disengage upon displacement o~ the uppér string relative to the lower string. Upon disengagement of the splines, the upper liner portion and casing are free to rotate independently from the lower liner portion and casing. Moreover because the splines are freely engageable the full casing may be rotated in either direction and the splines may be re-engaged even after disengagement.
;~ In addition to providing independent rotation o~ the upper and lower casing strings, the present invention is readily arranged within the standard casing string at any position along the string. Thus, multiple stages of cementation may be accomplished simply by providing splines of varying frictional engagement or length; and since the mechanism o~ the present invention performs no function other than to control the rotation of the various stages, the device provides flexibility by allowing placement in the string according to individual requirements.
However, in order to reduce equipment costs, the swivel mechanism may Ibe comhined into one tool with multi-stage cementing valve.
This invention relates to a swivel apparatus for series connection in a tubular casing string to be run into a well borehole and secured within the borehole through multi-stage cementation oE the casing, said swivel apparatus comprising:
, ,.``'LB~
~ - ~ ' ' ,' -72290~8 a tubular lower liner portion detachably secured to a lowèr casing string;
a tubular upper liner portion detachably secured to an upper casing string, said upper liner portion telescopically engaging sald lower liner portion such that said upper casing string may be longitudinally displaced relative to said lower casing string; and means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion wherein said upper casing string may be selectively rotated independently of said lower casing string.
This invention also relates to a method for multi-stage cementation of a casing string within a well borehole, including the steps of:
running into the well borehole a full tubular casing string having intermediate valve means with lateral ports capable of being selectively opened and closed, said full casing string including an upper casing string and a lower casing string connected by means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper casing string to said lower casing string;
rotating said full casing string while displacing cement thro~gh the interior o:E said full casing string, through bottom :Elow ports o:E said Eull casing string, and back up the borehole exteriorly oE said casing string to a height immediately below said intermediate valve means;
releasing a first plug means into said full casing string until said Eirst plug means closes said bottom flow ports;
- 4a ~1 ' I
5~;
72~90-8 releasing a second plug means into said ~ull casing string to shut off circulation below said valve means and open said lateral ports; and disengaging said torque transmitting means and rotating said upper casing string independently of said lower casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said upper casing string, through said lateral ports, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said upper casing string towards the ground surEace.
The procedure o~ the present invention utilizes the apparatus to permit independent rotation of the upper and lower casing strings thereby ensuring complete displacement of the drilling mud. Under this procedure, the borehole is condi-tioned and the casing is run into the hole with the swivel mechanism installed immediately above the multi-stage cementing. While pumping the cement slurry through the casing to -the bottom of the hole, the - 4~ -' .
full string is rotated for proper displacement. Once the predetermined quantity of cement slurry is pumped into the casing, a valve plug is inserted and forced under pressure to the bottom of the string. Thereafter, a valve bomb is dropped down the casing to open the two-stage cementing valve disposed directly below the swivel mechanism. Once the intermediate valve ports are opened the first stage cement job is allowed to take its initial set. After a sufficient period of time, the splines on the swivel are disengaged by moving the upper string downwardly.
Thereafter, the second stage cement slurry is displaced through the upper casing string while. it is independently rotated. Once the cement slurry for the second stage is fully displaced, a closing plug is released and the intermediate v~lve ports are closed. Upon complete setting of the cement the various plugs disposed within the casing string may be drilled out to provide access to borehole.
Thus, the present invention provides a simple and convenient apparatus and method for cementation of a full casing string which ensures full displacement of the drilling mud.
Other objects, features, and advan~ages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
I
The present invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which the reference characters refer to like parts throughout the views, and in which:
FIGURE 1 is an exploded perspective view of the apparatus embodying the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the apparatus of the present invention in its engaged state:
FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the apparatus of the present invention in its disengaged state;
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional perspective view taken along line 4 4 of Fig. 2; and FIGURES 5 through 9 are diagrammatical illustrations of a cross-sectional view of a borehole formed in~o the earth and depicting the method and apparatus embodying the present inve~tion~
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment of the Present Invention Referring first to Figs. 1 through 4, a swivel apparatus 10 embodying the present invention is thereshown connected in series arrangement within a tubular casing string 12. The full casing string 12 includes an upper casing string 14 and a lower casing string 16 connected to each other by the swivel apparatus 10. The swivel apparatus 10 includes means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from the upper casing string 14 to the ~ower casiny string 16 yet can be disengaged to provide rotation o~ the upper string 14 independent of the lower string 16 while maintaining connection of the string portions as will be subsequently described herein.
The swivel 10 generally comprises a tubular lower liner portion 18 and a tubular upper liner portion 20.
' ~ ' ' . ;, . ' , .
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The lower liner portion 18 is detachably secured to the lower casing string 16 by way of cooperating threads 22.
Similarly, upper liner portion 20 is detachably secured to the upper casing string 14 by threads 24. However, it is to be understood that the swivel 10 may be serially connected within the casing string 12 in any known manner or may be combined wi~h other tools to be utilized in the cementation process to be described. Furthermore, the upper liner portion 20 includes an upper liner mandrel 26 and an upper liner sleeve 28 to ~acilitate assembly o~ the swivel 10. The mandrel 26 and sleeve 28 are fixedly connected to each other and include seal means 30 which prevent fluid flow between these components of the upper liner portion 20.
As is best~shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the lower liner portion 18 is telescopically received within the upper liner portion 20 and in particular the upper liner sleeve 28. Thus, the upper liner portion 20 is slidably movable relative to the lower liner portion 18 such that the upper casing string 14 may be longitudinally displaced relative to the lower casing s~ring 12 from their relative positions shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 3.
Moreover, the end 32 of the upper liner mandrel 26 acts as an abutment surface against the lower liner portion 18 to limit the downward movement o~ the upper liner portion 20 relative to the lower liner portion 18. Conversely, both the lower liner portion 18 and the upper liner sleeve 28 include engagement shoulders 34 and 36, respectively, which limit the upward movement of the upper casing 14 relative to the lower casing 12. Therefore, the components of the swivel 10 have a ~ixed distance of relative longitudinal displacement which prevents detachment of the upper casing string 14 from the lower casing string 12 without disassembly of the swivel 10.
Referring now to Figs. 1 and 4, means are provided for selectively transmitting rotational torque from the upper liner portion 20 to the lower liner portion 18 in order that the upper casing string 14 may be rotated independently of the lower casing string 12. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this means comprises engaging splines 40 formed in the upper and lower liner portions. These splines 40 preferably include a pair of splines 42 formed on the lower liner portion 18 and a pair of splines 44 formed on the uppex liner portion 20. These splines form corresponding longitudinal grooves 46 which receive the splines of the cooperating component of the swivel 10. As is shown in the drawings, t~ese splines may be of any desired width as long as the corresponding gr`oove 46 closely conforms to the width of the cooperating spline in order to minimize lost rotational motion. However, in a pre~erred embodiment, the splines 42 have a substantially smaller width than the splines 44 o~ the upper liner portion 20 in order to reduce manufacturing costs. Moreover, any number of splines may be utilized to accomplish similar results or to vary the frictional engagement between different sets of swivel components disposed at various levels along the casing string 12. ~dditionally, the length of the splines may be varied to allow for greater longitudinal displacement prior to disengagement of the splines.
; Assembly of the swivel 10 allows longitudinal displacement of the upper liner portion 20 relative to the ~ower liner portion 18. After placement of the seals 30 and 38 in their retaining grooves 48, the lower liner portion 18 is positioned within the upper liner sleeve 28 such that the splines 42 engage the grooves 46. The upper liner 20 can now be assembled by placing the mandrel 26 within the end of the sleeve 28 and rotating the mandrel .' , , ,'~' ' 26 to engage the threaded portion of each component. The enlarged diameter portion 50 of the lower liner portion 18 i5 now positionally captured between the end 32 of the mandrel 26 and the abutment shoulder 36 of the sleeve 28.
5 The swivel 10 can now be connected within the casing string 12 in order to effectuate multi-stage cementation of the string 12 as will be subsequently described.
Referring now generally to Figs. 5 through 9, the swivel apparatus 10 is thereshown disposed within a full casing string 12. The casing string 12 is shown positioned withln a borehole 52 formed through the earth in order to investigate possible hydrocarbon reserves.
The casing string 12 extends substantially to the bottom 54 of the borehole 52. The casing string 12 includes numerous interconnected components which perform specific functions in the drilling operation. ~owever, the method of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the components which are necessary to utilize the method. Included in the casing string 12 is an intermediate valve 56 having lateral flow ports 58 capable of being selectively opened and closed. Preferably, the valve 56 is disposed just below the swivel 10.
Alternatively, the valve 56 can be integrally formed with the swivel 10, particularly the lower liner portion 18.
In this fashion, the valve 56 will rotate along with the lower liner portion 18 while manufacturing costs for the device will be substantially reduced.
Once the ~ull casing string 12, including the swivel 10 and the valve 56, has been run into the borehole 52, as shown in Fig. 5, the multi-stage cementation process can be initiated. As the full string 12 is rotated, the first stage of cement 60 is displaced through the interior 62 of the casing 12 and out the end of the casing 12 at the bottom 54 of the borehole 52. The end of the casing 12 is 5~
provided with bottom flow ports 64 which allow the cement 60 to flow into the borehole 52. With continued surface pressure, the cement 60 will be caused to flow back up the borehole 52 exteriorly of the casing 12 as shown in Fig.
6. Immediately following the cement 60 in order to ensure constant flow is a first plug 66 which acts as a scraper to ~orce all of the cement 60 down the interior 62 of the casing 12. Back pressure on the plug 66 is continued until the plug 66 reaches the float collar 68. This ~loat collar 68 includes a contricted baffle 70 which receives the plug 66 to shut off fluid flow through the end of the casing 12. Since the necessary volume of cement 60 for first-stage cementation can be predPtermined, the height of the column of cement 60 exteriorly of the casing 12 will reach just below the lateral ports 58 of the valve 56 once the plug 66 reaches the baffle 70 of the float collar 68 as sh~wn in Fig. 7. Thus, the first stage of cement 60 has been properly displaced while the full casing string 12 is being rotated to ensure proper displacement of the drilling mud and bonding.
Referring still to ~ig. 7, a second plug or "bomb" 72 is dropped into the casing 12 to open the lateral ports 58 of the intermediate valve 5~. The force of the plug 72 causes the seal ring 74, which covers the ports 3~, to move downwardly thereby permitting fluid flow therethrough. With the first stage of cement 60 properly ~isplaced and the ports 58 opened, the cement 60 is allowed to take at least an initial set prior to initiating second-stage cementation.
After aLlowing the cement 60 to partially set, the upper casing string 14 is moved downwardly in order to disengage the splines 40 of the swivel 10. In the preferred embodiment, it will be necessary to longitudinally displace the upper casing string 14 --ll--approximately 18" in order to disengage the cooperating splines 40 of the swivel 10. However, the required displacement will be dependent upon the length of the splines 40. With the splines disengaged, the upper string 14 can now be rotated and/or reciprocated independently of the lower casing string 16. Thus, while rotating and/or reciprocating the upper string 16, the second stage of cement 80 is displaced through the interior 62 of the upper casing string 16 as shown in Fig. 7.
Referring now to Figs. 8 and 9, as the second-stage cement 80 travels down the interior 62 of the casing, it will be caused to flow through the lateral ports 58 into the borehole 52. Since the first stage of cement 60 has set just below the valve 56, as the cement 80 flows out of the ports 58, it will be forced back up the borehole 52 exteriorly of the upper casing string 14 as shown in Fig.
8. As with the first stage, the second stage of cement 80 is followed by a third or closing plug ~2 which ensures complete displacement of the cement. When the closing plug 82 reaches the valve 56, it engayes inner sleeve 8~
and forces it downwardly to once again close the lateral ports 58 as shown in Fig. 9. Again, since the required volume of cement 80 can be predetermined, upon completion of the second-stage cementation, the height of the cement column exterior of the casing will extend to the ground surface. Moreover, during this second stage, the upper casing string 14 has been continuously rotated and/or reciprocated to ensure complete displacement of the cement ao.
Thus, the method and apparatus of the present invention allows multi-stage cementation of a casing string while permitting independent rotation and/or reciprocation of the upper casing string during the second stage of cementing. Although the method of the present .
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invention has been described in ~onjunction with two stages of cementation using only one swivel apparatus, it is to be understood that any number of swivels can be utilized thereby allowing for multi-stage cementation.
Moreover, the method described herein effectively simplifies the subsequent drilling or milling out of the hole since a majority of the cement has been forced into the borehole exterior of the casing. Thus, the present invention reduces the costs associated with cementation of the casing string while providing ~uperior isolation of the casing to effectively isolate geolo~ical formations in the well.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should ba understood therefrom as some modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
We-61~im:_ .~
*.~.
MET~OD AND APP~RATUS FOR
MULTI-STAGE CEMENTING OF
-A WELL CASING
Background of the Invention I. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a device and method for cementing a casing string in a borehole in multiple stages and, in particular, to a device and method for multi-stage cementing of a casing which permits rotation of the upper string independent from the lower string during the second cementation stage in order to ensure ~ull displacement of borehole fluid.
; ~
II. Description of the Prior Art During various oil well production operations, after a borehole has been drilled to a depth of several thousand feet, a steel casing is placed in the well in order to isolate geologic~l formations or zones of productive interest. This casing is cemented into place to prevent unconsolidated formations from sloughing o*f and to prevent different ~ormation fluids from mixing with one another. In a~dition, the casing prevents formation fluids ~`rom entering the driIled borehole. For whatever reason the steel casing is run, the borehole cannot be i,solated properly unless the drilling fluid in the hole surrounding the casing is completely replaced by a ~ardening, non-porous compound such as cement. During the cementing process, the cement slurry is pumped downhole through the casing string and then back uphole outside of the casing string thereby replacing the mud on the outside of the casing string with cement and bonding the outer periphery of the casing to the borehole wall. A
..
. ~- , . ~
'. , .
.:
successful cemen~ job is one in which all of the drilling mud is replaced by cement and the cement hardens into a protective sheath before further intrusion of fluids.
Because of the depth of the borehole, the full displacement of the mud by cement along the entire length of the casing has been one o~ the most difficult of all oil well jobs. If full cementation is not accomplished, vertical fluid migration through channels of undisplaced drilling mud is possible.
Additionally, in longer casing strings the cement slurry may be difficult to place behind the casing in one stage because the fluid density of the slurry column is hlgher than that of the drilling mud, causing difficulties in forcing the slurry several thousand feet down through the casing and several thousand feet back up the borehole.
In order to overcome this limitation two-stage cementing valves were developed which allowed the cement slurry to be first pumped down the entire casing string and ~ack up the hole to an intermediate poin~ just below the valve.
After opening the valve thereby allowing circulation from the two-stage valve upward and shutting off circulation in the casing string below the valve, the cement slurry needs only to be pumped approximately halfway down the casing, through the valve ports into the borehole annulus, and back up the upper portion of the hole to the surface.
Although the two-stage cementation process simplifies pumping of the cement slurry into longer casing strings, full displacement of the drilling mud cannot be ensured ~ithout rotation or reciprocation of the casing string.
This is particularly true in a borehole which is not true vertical, or straight, or is elliptical or eccentric in its geometry. Rotation or reciprocation of the casing string during the cementation process is known to sweep out the mud from the bottom of the hole by the friction .
' between the string and the mud so that the mud from the hole may be displaced by cement. In shorter boreholes, where only one cementation stage is n cessary, the full string is rotated until full displacemen-t of the drilling mud is accomplished over the entire length of the string.
Full string rotation or reciprocation is also utilizsd in the two-stage cementation process. While the first stage of the slurry is pumped down tke casing and into the lower portion of the borehole, the string is rotated to ensure full mud displacement in the first stage cementation. However, once the ~irst stage of the slurry is allowed to harden, the upper part of the casing above the multi-stage cementing valve could not be rotated during the second stage, This resulted in inadequate displacement of ~the drilling mud in the upper stage of cement.
Summary of the Present Invention The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the previously known devices for multi-stage cementing of a casing string by providing an apparatus and method for multi-stage cementing whereby the upper casing string can be rotated independently from the lower casing string during the second stage of cementation to ensure full displacement of the drilling mud.
, The apparatus according to the present invention comprises a swivel mechanism which is connected between ~he, upper and }ower casing string in the proximity of the intermediate cementing valve in order to permit rotation of the full string during the Eirst stage of cementation and the upper portion of the casing above the multi-stage cementing valve during the second or final cementing stage. The mechani~,m includes a lower liner portion and 5i6 ~an upper liner portion telescopically engaged such that the upper liner portion can be vertically displaced relative to the lower liner portion. In a preEerred embodiment, both liner portions include engageable splines which cooperate to effectua~e rotation of the full casing string yet disengage upon displacement o~ the uppér string relative to the lower string. Upon disengagement of the splines, the upper liner portion and casing are free to rotate independently from the lower liner portion and casing. Moreover because the splines are freely engageable the full casing may be rotated in either direction and the splines may be re-engaged even after disengagement.
;~ In addition to providing independent rotation o~ the upper and lower casing strings, the present invention is readily arranged within the standard casing string at any position along the string. Thus, multiple stages of cementation may be accomplished simply by providing splines of varying frictional engagement or length; and since the mechanism o~ the present invention performs no function other than to control the rotation of the various stages, the device provides flexibility by allowing placement in the string according to individual requirements.
However, in order to reduce equipment costs, the swivel mechanism may Ibe comhined into one tool with multi-stage cementing valve.
This invention relates to a swivel apparatus for series connection in a tubular casing string to be run into a well borehole and secured within the borehole through multi-stage cementation oE the casing, said swivel apparatus comprising:
, ,.``'LB~
~ - ~ ' ' ,' -72290~8 a tubular lower liner portion detachably secured to a lowèr casing string;
a tubular upper liner portion detachably secured to an upper casing string, said upper liner portion telescopically engaging sald lower liner portion such that said upper casing string may be longitudinally displaced relative to said lower casing string; and means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion wherein said upper casing string may be selectively rotated independently of said lower casing string.
This invention also relates to a method for multi-stage cementation of a casing string within a well borehole, including the steps of:
running into the well borehole a full tubular casing string having intermediate valve means with lateral ports capable of being selectively opened and closed, said full casing string including an upper casing string and a lower casing string connected by means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper casing string to said lower casing string;
rotating said full casing string while displacing cement thro~gh the interior o:E said full casing string, through bottom :Elow ports o:E said Eull casing string, and back up the borehole exteriorly oE said casing string to a height immediately below said intermediate valve means;
releasing a first plug means into said full casing string until said Eirst plug means closes said bottom flow ports;
- 4a ~1 ' I
5~;
72~90-8 releasing a second plug means into said ~ull casing string to shut off circulation below said valve means and open said lateral ports; and disengaging said torque transmitting means and rotating said upper casing string independently of said lower casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said upper casing string, through said lateral ports, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said upper casing string towards the ground surEace.
The procedure o~ the present invention utilizes the apparatus to permit independent rotation of the upper and lower casing strings thereby ensuring complete displacement of the drilling mud. Under this procedure, the borehole is condi-tioned and the casing is run into the hole with the swivel mechanism installed immediately above the multi-stage cementing. While pumping the cement slurry through the casing to -the bottom of the hole, the - 4~ -' .
full string is rotated for proper displacement. Once the predetermined quantity of cement slurry is pumped into the casing, a valve plug is inserted and forced under pressure to the bottom of the string. Thereafter, a valve bomb is dropped down the casing to open the two-stage cementing valve disposed directly below the swivel mechanism. Once the intermediate valve ports are opened the first stage cement job is allowed to take its initial set. After a sufficient period of time, the splines on the swivel are disengaged by moving the upper string downwardly.
Thereafter, the second stage cement slurry is displaced through the upper casing string while. it is independently rotated. Once the cement slurry for the second stage is fully displaced, a closing plug is released and the intermediate v~lve ports are closed. Upon complete setting of the cement the various plugs disposed within the casing string may be drilled out to provide access to borehole.
Thus, the present invention provides a simple and convenient apparatus and method for cementation of a full casing string which ensures full displacement of the drilling mud.
Other objects, features, and advan~ages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
I
The present invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which the reference characters refer to like parts throughout the views, and in which:
FIGURE 1 is an exploded perspective view of the apparatus embodying the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the apparatus of the present invention in its engaged state:
FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the apparatus of the present invention in its disengaged state;
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional perspective view taken along line 4 4 of Fig. 2; and FIGURES 5 through 9 are diagrammatical illustrations of a cross-sectional view of a borehole formed in~o the earth and depicting the method and apparatus embodying the present inve~tion~
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment of the Present Invention Referring first to Figs. 1 through 4, a swivel apparatus 10 embodying the present invention is thereshown connected in series arrangement within a tubular casing string 12. The full casing string 12 includes an upper casing string 14 and a lower casing string 16 connected to each other by the swivel apparatus 10. The swivel apparatus 10 includes means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from the upper casing string 14 to the ~ower casiny string 16 yet can be disengaged to provide rotation o~ the upper string 14 independent of the lower string 16 while maintaining connection of the string portions as will be subsequently described herein.
The swivel 10 generally comprises a tubular lower liner portion 18 and a tubular upper liner portion 20.
' ~ ' ' . ;, . ' , .
5~
The lower liner portion 18 is detachably secured to the lower casing string 16 by way of cooperating threads 22.
Similarly, upper liner portion 20 is detachably secured to the upper casing string 14 by threads 24. However, it is to be understood that the swivel 10 may be serially connected within the casing string 12 in any known manner or may be combined wi~h other tools to be utilized in the cementation process to be described. Furthermore, the upper liner portion 20 includes an upper liner mandrel 26 and an upper liner sleeve 28 to ~acilitate assembly o~ the swivel 10. The mandrel 26 and sleeve 28 are fixedly connected to each other and include seal means 30 which prevent fluid flow between these components of the upper liner portion 20.
As is best~shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the lower liner portion 18 is telescopically received within the upper liner portion 20 and in particular the upper liner sleeve 28. Thus, the upper liner portion 20 is slidably movable relative to the lower liner portion 18 such that the upper casing string 14 may be longitudinally displaced relative to the lower casing s~ring 12 from their relative positions shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 3.
Moreover, the end 32 of the upper liner mandrel 26 acts as an abutment surface against the lower liner portion 18 to limit the downward movement o~ the upper liner portion 20 relative to the lower liner portion 18. Conversely, both the lower liner portion 18 and the upper liner sleeve 28 include engagement shoulders 34 and 36, respectively, which limit the upward movement of the upper casing 14 relative to the lower casing 12. Therefore, the components of the swivel 10 have a ~ixed distance of relative longitudinal displacement which prevents detachment of the upper casing string 14 from the lower casing string 12 without disassembly of the swivel 10.
Referring now to Figs. 1 and 4, means are provided for selectively transmitting rotational torque from the upper liner portion 20 to the lower liner portion 18 in order that the upper casing string 14 may be rotated independently of the lower casing string 12. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this means comprises engaging splines 40 formed in the upper and lower liner portions. These splines 40 preferably include a pair of splines 42 formed on the lower liner portion 18 and a pair of splines 44 formed on the uppex liner portion 20. These splines form corresponding longitudinal grooves 46 which receive the splines of the cooperating component of the swivel 10. As is shown in the drawings, t~ese splines may be of any desired width as long as the corresponding gr`oove 46 closely conforms to the width of the cooperating spline in order to minimize lost rotational motion. However, in a pre~erred embodiment, the splines 42 have a substantially smaller width than the splines 44 o~ the upper liner portion 20 in order to reduce manufacturing costs. Moreover, any number of splines may be utilized to accomplish similar results or to vary the frictional engagement between different sets of swivel components disposed at various levels along the casing string 12. ~dditionally, the length of the splines may be varied to allow for greater longitudinal displacement prior to disengagement of the splines.
; Assembly of the swivel 10 allows longitudinal displacement of the upper liner portion 20 relative to the ~ower liner portion 18. After placement of the seals 30 and 38 in their retaining grooves 48, the lower liner portion 18 is positioned within the upper liner sleeve 28 such that the splines 42 engage the grooves 46. The upper liner 20 can now be assembled by placing the mandrel 26 within the end of the sleeve 28 and rotating the mandrel .' , , ,'~' ' 26 to engage the threaded portion of each component. The enlarged diameter portion 50 of the lower liner portion 18 i5 now positionally captured between the end 32 of the mandrel 26 and the abutment shoulder 36 of the sleeve 28.
5 The swivel 10 can now be connected within the casing string 12 in order to effectuate multi-stage cementation of the string 12 as will be subsequently described.
Referring now generally to Figs. 5 through 9, the swivel apparatus 10 is thereshown disposed within a full casing string 12. The casing string 12 is shown positioned withln a borehole 52 formed through the earth in order to investigate possible hydrocarbon reserves.
The casing string 12 extends substantially to the bottom 54 of the borehole 52. The casing string 12 includes numerous interconnected components which perform specific functions in the drilling operation. ~owever, the method of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the components which are necessary to utilize the method. Included in the casing string 12 is an intermediate valve 56 having lateral flow ports 58 capable of being selectively opened and closed. Preferably, the valve 56 is disposed just below the swivel 10.
Alternatively, the valve 56 can be integrally formed with the swivel 10, particularly the lower liner portion 18.
In this fashion, the valve 56 will rotate along with the lower liner portion 18 while manufacturing costs for the device will be substantially reduced.
Once the ~ull casing string 12, including the swivel 10 and the valve 56, has been run into the borehole 52, as shown in Fig. 5, the multi-stage cementation process can be initiated. As the full string 12 is rotated, the first stage of cement 60 is displaced through the interior 62 of the casing 12 and out the end of the casing 12 at the bottom 54 of the borehole 52. The end of the casing 12 is 5~
provided with bottom flow ports 64 which allow the cement 60 to flow into the borehole 52. With continued surface pressure, the cement 60 will be caused to flow back up the borehole 52 exteriorly of the casing 12 as shown in Fig.
6. Immediately following the cement 60 in order to ensure constant flow is a first plug 66 which acts as a scraper to ~orce all of the cement 60 down the interior 62 of the casing 12. Back pressure on the plug 66 is continued until the plug 66 reaches the float collar 68. This ~loat collar 68 includes a contricted baffle 70 which receives the plug 66 to shut off fluid flow through the end of the casing 12. Since the necessary volume of cement 60 for first-stage cementation can be predPtermined, the height of the column of cement 60 exteriorly of the casing 12 will reach just below the lateral ports 58 of the valve 56 once the plug 66 reaches the baffle 70 of the float collar 68 as sh~wn in Fig. 7. Thus, the first stage of cement 60 has been properly displaced while the full casing string 12 is being rotated to ensure proper displacement of the drilling mud and bonding.
Referring still to ~ig. 7, a second plug or "bomb" 72 is dropped into the casing 12 to open the lateral ports 58 of the intermediate valve 5~. The force of the plug 72 causes the seal ring 74, which covers the ports 3~, to move downwardly thereby permitting fluid flow therethrough. With the first stage of cement 60 properly ~isplaced and the ports 58 opened, the cement 60 is allowed to take at least an initial set prior to initiating second-stage cementation.
After aLlowing the cement 60 to partially set, the upper casing string 14 is moved downwardly in order to disengage the splines 40 of the swivel 10. In the preferred embodiment, it will be necessary to longitudinally displace the upper casing string 14 --ll--approximately 18" in order to disengage the cooperating splines 40 of the swivel 10. However, the required displacement will be dependent upon the length of the splines 40. With the splines disengaged, the upper string 14 can now be rotated and/or reciprocated independently of the lower casing string 16. Thus, while rotating and/or reciprocating the upper string 16, the second stage of cement 80 is displaced through the interior 62 of the upper casing string 16 as shown in Fig. 7.
Referring now to Figs. 8 and 9, as the second-stage cement 80 travels down the interior 62 of the casing, it will be caused to flow through the lateral ports 58 into the borehole 52. Since the first stage of cement 60 has set just below the valve 56, as the cement 80 flows out of the ports 58, it will be forced back up the borehole 52 exteriorly of the upper casing string 14 as shown in Fig.
8. As with the first stage, the second stage of cement 80 is followed by a third or closing plug ~2 which ensures complete displacement of the cement. When the closing plug 82 reaches the valve 56, it engayes inner sleeve 8~
and forces it downwardly to once again close the lateral ports 58 as shown in Fig. 9. Again, since the required volume of cement 80 can be predetermined, upon completion of the second-stage cementation, the height of the cement column exterior of the casing will extend to the ground surface. Moreover, during this second stage, the upper casing string 14 has been continuously rotated and/or reciprocated to ensure complete displacement of the cement ao.
Thus, the method and apparatus of the present invention allows multi-stage cementation of a casing string while permitting independent rotation and/or reciprocation of the upper casing string during the second stage of cementing. Although the method of the present .
5~
invention has been described in ~onjunction with two stages of cementation using only one swivel apparatus, it is to be understood that any number of swivels can be utilized thereby allowing for multi-stage cementation.
Moreover, the method described herein effectively simplifies the subsequent drilling or milling out of the hole since a majority of the cement has been forced into the borehole exterior of the casing. Thus, the present invention reduces the costs associated with cementation of the casing string while providing ~uperior isolation of the casing to effectively isolate geolo~ical formations in the well.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should ba understood therefrom as some modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
We-61~im:_ .~
*.~.
Claims (12)
1. A swivel apparatus for series connection in a tubular casing string to be run into a well borehole and secured within the borehole through multi-stage cementation of the casing, said swivel apparatus comprising:
a tubular lower liner portion detachably secured to a lower casing string;
a tubular upper liner portion detachably secured to an upper casing string, said upper liner portion telescopically engaging said lower liner portion such that said upper casing string may be longitudinally displaced relative to said lower casing string; and means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion wherein said upper casing string may be selectively rotated independently of said lower casing string.
a tubular lower liner portion detachably secured to a lower casing string;
a tubular upper liner portion detachably secured to an upper casing string, said upper liner portion telescopically engaging said lower liner portion such that said upper casing string may be longitudinally displaced relative to said lower casing string; and means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion wherein said upper casing string may be selectively rotated independently of said lower casing string.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for selectively transmitting rotational torque comprises engaging spline means.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said spline means includes at least one spline formed on said upper liner portion and at least one spline formed on said lower liner portion, said splines being selectively engageable to transmit rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion.
4. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said upper liner portion includes an upper liner sleeve detachably secured to an upper liner mandrel, said mandrel being detachably secured to said upper casing string.
5. The apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said lower liner portion is telescopically received within said liner sleeve of said upper liner portion.
6. A swivel apparatus for series connection in a tubular casing string to be run into a well borehole and secured within the borehole through multi-stage cementation of the casing, said swivel apparatus comprising:
a tubular lower liner portion detachably secured to a lower casing string;
a tubular upper liner portion detachably secured to an upper casing string, said upper liner portion including an upper liner sleeve detachably secured to an upper liner mandrel;
said lower liner portion being telescopically received within said upper liner sleeve such that said upper casing string may be longitudinally displaced relative to said lower casing string, said mandrel limiting said longitudinal displacement; and spline means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion wherein said upper casing string may be selectively rotated independently of said lower casing string.
a tubular lower liner portion detachably secured to a lower casing string;
a tubular upper liner portion detachably secured to an upper casing string, said upper liner portion including an upper liner sleeve detachably secured to an upper liner mandrel;
said lower liner portion being telescopically received within said upper liner sleeve such that said upper casing string may be longitudinally displaced relative to said lower casing string, said mandrel limiting said longitudinal displacement; and spline means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion wherein said upper casing string may be selectively rotated independently of said lower casing string.
7. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said spline means comprises at least one cooperating spline formed on each of said lower liner portion and said upper liner sleeve.
8. The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said lower liner portion includes valve means with at least one lateral port formed in the wall of said lower liner portion, said valve means being selectively actuable to allow flow through said port.
9. A method for multi-stage cementation of a casing string within a well borehole, including the steps of:
running into the well borehole a full tubular casing string having intermediate valve means with lateral ports capable of being selectively opened and closed, said full casing string including an upper casing string and a lower casing string connected by means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper casing string to said lower casing string;
rotating said full casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said full casing string, through bottom flow ports of said full casing string, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said casing string to a height immediately below said intermediate valve means;
releasing a first plug means into said full casing string until said first plug means closes said bottom flow ports:
releasing a second plug means into said full casing string to shut off circulation below said valve means and open said lateral ports; and disengaging said torque transmitting means and rotating said upper casing string independently of said lower casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said upper casing string, through said lateral ports, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said upper casing string towards the ground surface.
running into the well borehole a full tubular casing string having intermediate valve means with lateral ports capable of being selectively opened and closed, said full casing string including an upper casing string and a lower casing string connected by means for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper casing string to said lower casing string;
rotating said full casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said full casing string, through bottom flow ports of said full casing string, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said casing string to a height immediately below said intermediate valve means;
releasing a first plug means into said full casing string until said first plug means closes said bottom flow ports:
releasing a second plug means into said full casing string to shut off circulation below said valve means and open said lateral ports; and disengaging said torque transmitting means and rotating said upper casing string independently of said lower casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said upper casing string, through said lateral ports, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said upper casing string towards the ground surface.
10. The method as defined in claim 9 and further including the step of releasing a third plug means into said upper casing string to close said lateral ports of said valve means.
11. The method as defined in claim 9 wherein said torque transmitting means comprises a swivel apparatus including an upper liner portion detachably secured to said upper casing string and a lower liner portion detachably secured to said lower casing string, said upper and lower liner portions having engageable splines to selectively transmit said rotational torque from said upper liner portion to said lower liner portion.
12. A method for multi-stage cementation of a casing string within a well borehole, including the steps of:
running into the well borehole a full tubular casing string having intermediate valve means with lateral ports capable of being selectively opened and closed, said full casing string including an upper casing string and a lower casing string connected by a swivel apparatus comprising an upper liner portion detachably secured to said upper casing string and a lower liner portion detachably secured to said lower casing string, said upper and lower liner portions having engageable splines for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper casing string to said lower casing string;
rotating said full casing string with said splines of said swivel apparatus engaged while displacing cement through the interior of said full casing string, through bottom flow ports of said casing string, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said casing string to a height immediately below said intermediate valve means;
releasing plug means into said full casing string to close said bottom flow ports, to shut off circulation below said valve means, and to open said lateral ports;
and disengaging said cooperating splines of said upper liner portion and said lower liner portion, and rotating said upper casing string independently of said lower casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said upper casing string, through said lateral ports of said valve means, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said casing string towards the ground surface.
running into the well borehole a full tubular casing string having intermediate valve means with lateral ports capable of being selectively opened and closed, said full casing string including an upper casing string and a lower casing string connected by a swivel apparatus comprising an upper liner portion detachably secured to said upper casing string and a lower liner portion detachably secured to said lower casing string, said upper and lower liner portions having engageable splines for selectively transmitting rotational torque from said upper casing string to said lower casing string;
rotating said full casing string with said splines of said swivel apparatus engaged while displacing cement through the interior of said full casing string, through bottom flow ports of said casing string, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said casing string to a height immediately below said intermediate valve means;
releasing plug means into said full casing string to close said bottom flow ports, to shut off circulation below said valve means, and to open said lateral ports;
and disengaging said cooperating splines of said upper liner portion and said lower liner portion, and rotating said upper casing string independently of said lower casing string while displacing cement through the interior of said upper casing string, through said lateral ports of said valve means, and back up the borehole exteriorly of said casing string towards the ground surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US89991186A | 1986-08-25 | 1986-08-25 | |
| US899,911 | 1986-08-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1289056C true CA1289056C (en) | 1991-09-17 |
Family
ID=25411726
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000545264A Expired CA1289056C (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1987-08-25 | Method and apparatus for multi-stage cementing of a well casing |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1014084B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1289056C (en) |
| DK (1) | DK224988A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2202881B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8720502A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988001678A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6446725B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2002-09-10 | Cgi Downhole Solutions Inc. | Rotating casing assembly and method |
| CN1095023C (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-11-27 | 中国石化胜利油田有限公司采油工艺研究院 | Cementing tool for plugging well underground |
| US6520257B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2003-02-18 | Jerry P. Allamon | Method and apparatus for surge reduction |
| US6491103B2 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-12-10 | Jerry P. Allamon | System for running tubular members |
| CN100334321C (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-08-29 | 潘永华 | Oil pipe in oil pumping well grout filling leakage blocking construction |
| US8210265B2 (en) * | 2008-05-04 | 2012-07-03 | Aquatic Company | Aluminum riser assembly |
| AU2010321679A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2012-05-31 | Ian Gray | External casing packer |
| NO334300B1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-02-03 | Perigon Handel As | Wave-inducing device, casing system and method for cementing in a hydrocarbon well, as well as using the wave-inducing device, casing system and method for cementing a casing in a hydrocarbon well |
| GB2537763B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2021-03-10 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Compression set downhole clutch |
| CN112443285B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2023-04-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Sand control device capable of replacing slurry outside pipe and slurry replacing method |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2407983A (en) * | 1946-09-24 | Completion of wells | ||
| US1860669A (en) * | 1932-01-22 | 1932-05-31 | Halliburton Erle Palmer | Method and apparatus for cementing wells |
| US2177172A (en) * | 1937-01-11 | 1939-10-24 | Erd V Crowell | Apparatus for cementing wells |
| US2624549A (en) * | 1947-03-24 | 1953-01-06 | Oakie G Wallace | Method and means of rotary drilling |
| US3062285A (en) * | 1959-12-02 | 1962-11-06 | California Research Corp | Two-stage oil well casing cementing with upper and lower stationary jets for secondary stage |
| US3216452A (en) * | 1963-11-01 | 1965-11-09 | Baker Oil Tools Inc | Stage collars for tubular strings |
| US4054040A (en) * | 1974-02-21 | 1977-10-18 | A-Z International Tool Company | Telescoping torque transmission apparatus |
| US4333530A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1982-06-08 | Armstrong Ernest E | Method and apparatus for cementing a casing |
| US4239083A (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1980-12-16 | Baker International Corporation | Method and apparatus for rotating tubing conduits |
| US4450912A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1984-05-29 | Baker Oil Tools, Inc. | Method and apparatus for well cementing through a tubular member |
| US4487263A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-12-11 | William Jani | Cement staging apparatus for wells and including well casing and a process therefor |
| US4562889A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1986-01-07 | Braddick Britt O | Method and apparatus for rotating and reciprocating well bore liner |
-
1987
- 1987-08-25 CN CN87105805.7A patent/CN1014084B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-08-25 GB GB8808885A patent/GB2202881B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-25 WO PCT/US1987/002235 patent/WO1988001678A1/en unknown
- 1987-08-25 NL NL8720502A patent/NL8720502A/en unknown
- 1987-08-25 CA CA000545264A patent/CA1289056C/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-04-25 DK DK224988A patent/DK224988A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2202881B (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| DK224988D0 (en) | 1988-04-25 |
| DK224988A (en) | 1988-04-25 |
| CN87105805A (en) | 1988-08-31 |
| GB2202881A (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| WO1988001678A1 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
| NL8720502A (en) | 1988-07-01 |
| CN1014084B (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| GB8808885D0 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
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