CA1288472C - Cathode material for use in lithium electrochemical cell and lithium electrochemical cell including said cathode material - Google Patents
Cathode material for use in lithium electrochemical cell and lithium electrochemical cell including said cathode materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1288472C CA1288472C CA000565443A CA565443A CA1288472C CA 1288472 C CA1288472 C CA 1288472C CA 000565443 A CA000565443 A CA 000565443A CA 565443 A CA565443 A CA 565443A CA 1288472 C CA1288472 C CA 1288472C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- moo3
- v9mo6o40
- cathode
- weight percent
- electrochemical cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0409—Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT A cathode is provided for use in a lithium electro-chemical cell wherein the cathode includes a mix of a mixed metal-oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3, conductive diluent, and aqueous based binder and wherein the mix is rolled onto a nickel screen and sintered under vacuum at about 280°C.
Description
~ ~8847~J
~ his invention relates in qeneral to a ca~hode material for use in a lithium electrochemical cell and to a lithium electrochemical cell including tlle cathode material, and in particular, to the use of a mixed metal oxide prepared from V205 and MoO3 as the cathode active material for use in a lithium electrochemical cell and to a l.ithium electEochemical cell incl~ding a mixed metal oxide prepared froln V205 and MoO3 as the cathode active material.
The demand for improved energy storage devices has increased steadily with the advent of new techniques utili~in~
batteries as power sources. A particularly large application is batteries for man-portable electronic equipment, where expense, reliability, lightweight, durability and high energy density are critical features. For applications with large loads, recharge-able batteries are often used and lithium systems ofer the potential for both high energy an~ light weig~t. An important objective in developing a practical rechargeable lithium battery for this application is to provide an inexpensive, high energy 347~
material with excellent c~cle-life and rate capabilities for use as the cathode.
The class of lithium intercalating transition metal oxides are particularly attractive for this purpose because of their tendency to possess high ener~y content. Ho~1ever, the known oxides are either expensive to prepare as is the case with the vanadium oxides or they are electronic insulators thereby preventing their use for high battery curxent applications.
Another difficulty wit'n transition metal oxides, especially V2O5 is susceptibility to over-discharge which results in structural rearrange~ent and severe losses in cell capacity.
The general object of this invention is to provide an improved lithium electrochemical cell. A more particular object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive, high energy material with excellent cycle-life and rate capabilities for use as the cathode of the lithium electrochemical cell.
It has now been found that the aforementioned objects can be attained by providing a new mixed metal oxide of vanadium and molybdenum with the formulation VgMo6O40and solid solutions of VgM& O40 with V2O5 or ~oO3 for use as the cathode active material in a lithium electrochemical cell. ~se of these materials in cathodes for lithium electrochemical cells results in an inexpensive, high energy, high rate ca~hode with good cycle life.
The cathode active materials are prepared by a combination of stoichiometric quantities of V205 and MoO3, high ~ ~8~3~7~
temperature firing in evacuated quartz tubes, followed ~y rapid quenching to assure small particle size. The material~ so obtained are then fabricated into cathodes utilizing an a~ue~us polytetrafluoroethylene tsold under the trade mark Teflon) emulsion. A nickel screen is used as the current collector.
The cathodes are highly ~lexible and not sensitive to exposure to air.
The cathodes ~ade from VgM06040 and solid solutions of V9Mo6040 with V205 or ~loO3 also display minimal losses in capacity upon extended cycling and can be reversibly cycled to lower potentials than the parent oxide V205. Thus, these materials have a greater resistance to over-discharge than V205. An additional advantage of these new cathodes is that they can reversibly handle higher current densities on extended cycling than the parent oxide V205. ~inally, several advantages are observed in the cost and preparation of these ~aterials as cathodes. With regard to ' preparation of the oxides, reagent grade materials are used in the synthesis, and the overall stoichiometry need not be very strictly controlled since solid solutions of VgM~ 040 with V205 or MoO3 display acceptable behavior. I~ith regard to cathode fabrication, a procedure utilizing aqueous Teflon emulsions in a normal air atmosphere ~ay be used yielding highly flexible cathodes. This results in significant advantages over materials such as V205 which is water soluble and TiS2 which is both air and water sensitive, thus excluding the use of aqueous Teflon suspension in cathode fabrication. In addition, cathodes prepared by this procedure are flexible enough to be rolled and can therefore be utilized in a spirally wound configuration.
~.~88~7~
A cathode mix of 70 weight percent active materi~l such as VgMO604o or solid solutions of VgMO604o with V205 or Mo03, 29 weight percent conductive diluent such as Shawinigan Acetylene Black, and 10 weight percent binder such as T~flon is prepared using an aqueous Teflon emulsion. The weight percent of conductive diluent may range from 0 to 30 percent and the weight of binder may range from 1 to 30 percent.
Other conductive diluents such as high surface area carbons, graphites or other conductive materials may be used. In addition, other binders such as polyolefins or elastomers may be substitued for Teflon. The weight percent of active materials may range ~rom 44 to 99 percent. When any component of the cathode mix is changed, the concentrations of the remaining components are adjusted accordingly. The cathode mix is rolled onto an Exmet*
Nickel screen, sintered under vacuum at 280C.
Experimental laboratory test cells include a wick cell configuration utilizing flag electrodes in a pressure reaction vessel. A lithium anode on each side of the cathode is separated by a porous fiber separator (wic~). The electrodes are sealed in polypropylene separator material. Laboratory test cells are equiped witn a lithium reference electrode which is unnecessary in practical configuration.
Cathodes prepared as described in the preferred embodiment are used in cathode limited cells with 2.~M LiAsF6 in methyl formate as the electrolyte. Other stable electrolyte systems may be substituted for LiAsF6 in the aprotic solvent methyl formate. These cells exhibit high experimental energy * denotes trade mark ~.~88472 densities tbased on active material), ranging from 810 r,~Jh/kg - (first cycle) to 250 Wh/kg on the twentieth cycle. Cells -utilizing V9Mo6O40 based cat'nodes exhibit highest energ~ densities and excellent capacity retention at 1.0 mA/cm2. Approxi~ately 2 percent capacity loss is observed after 25 cycles at higher current densities of 2.0 and 5.0 m~/cm~. Cells utilizing cathodes prepared from solid solutions of V6M~ 040 and V2O5 exhi'oit higher capacities on initial cycles (up to fifteen cycles) but show poorer capacity retention on cycling when compared with cathodes prepared fro~ V9~o6O40. Cells utilizing cathodes prepared from solid solutions of VgMO6O40 with MoO3 display similar capacities to cells utilizing cathodes prepared from VgMo6O40 in initial cycles but poorer capacity retention on the ninth and subsequent cycles.
The electroc'nemical cells of this invention can be used as either a rechargeable system or a pril~ary system.
We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
~ his invention relates in qeneral to a ca~hode material for use in a lithium electrochemical cell and to a lithium electrochemical cell including tlle cathode material, and in particular, to the use of a mixed metal oxide prepared from V205 and MoO3 as the cathode active material for use in a lithium electrochemical cell and to a l.ithium electEochemical cell incl~ding a mixed metal oxide prepared froln V205 and MoO3 as the cathode active material.
The demand for improved energy storage devices has increased steadily with the advent of new techniques utili~in~
batteries as power sources. A particularly large application is batteries for man-portable electronic equipment, where expense, reliability, lightweight, durability and high energy density are critical features. For applications with large loads, recharge-able batteries are often used and lithium systems ofer the potential for both high energy an~ light weig~t. An important objective in developing a practical rechargeable lithium battery for this application is to provide an inexpensive, high energy 347~
material with excellent c~cle-life and rate capabilities for use as the cathode.
The class of lithium intercalating transition metal oxides are particularly attractive for this purpose because of their tendency to possess high ener~y content. Ho~1ever, the known oxides are either expensive to prepare as is the case with the vanadium oxides or they are electronic insulators thereby preventing their use for high battery curxent applications.
Another difficulty wit'n transition metal oxides, especially V2O5 is susceptibility to over-discharge which results in structural rearrange~ent and severe losses in cell capacity.
The general object of this invention is to provide an improved lithium electrochemical cell. A more particular object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive, high energy material with excellent cycle-life and rate capabilities for use as the cathode of the lithium electrochemical cell.
It has now been found that the aforementioned objects can be attained by providing a new mixed metal oxide of vanadium and molybdenum with the formulation VgMo6O40and solid solutions of VgM& O40 with V2O5 or ~oO3 for use as the cathode active material in a lithium electrochemical cell. ~se of these materials in cathodes for lithium electrochemical cells results in an inexpensive, high energy, high rate ca~hode with good cycle life.
The cathode active materials are prepared by a combination of stoichiometric quantities of V205 and MoO3, high ~ ~8~3~7~
temperature firing in evacuated quartz tubes, followed ~y rapid quenching to assure small particle size. The material~ so obtained are then fabricated into cathodes utilizing an a~ue~us polytetrafluoroethylene tsold under the trade mark Teflon) emulsion. A nickel screen is used as the current collector.
The cathodes are highly ~lexible and not sensitive to exposure to air.
The cathodes ~ade from VgM06040 and solid solutions of V9Mo6040 with V205 or ~loO3 also display minimal losses in capacity upon extended cycling and can be reversibly cycled to lower potentials than the parent oxide V205. Thus, these materials have a greater resistance to over-discharge than V205. An additional advantage of these new cathodes is that they can reversibly handle higher current densities on extended cycling than the parent oxide V205. ~inally, several advantages are observed in the cost and preparation of these ~aterials as cathodes. With regard to ' preparation of the oxides, reagent grade materials are used in the synthesis, and the overall stoichiometry need not be very strictly controlled since solid solutions of VgM~ 040 with V205 or MoO3 display acceptable behavior. I~ith regard to cathode fabrication, a procedure utilizing aqueous Teflon emulsions in a normal air atmosphere ~ay be used yielding highly flexible cathodes. This results in significant advantages over materials such as V205 which is water soluble and TiS2 which is both air and water sensitive, thus excluding the use of aqueous Teflon suspension in cathode fabrication. In addition, cathodes prepared by this procedure are flexible enough to be rolled and can therefore be utilized in a spirally wound configuration.
~.~88~7~
A cathode mix of 70 weight percent active materi~l such as VgMO604o or solid solutions of VgMO604o with V205 or Mo03, 29 weight percent conductive diluent such as Shawinigan Acetylene Black, and 10 weight percent binder such as T~flon is prepared using an aqueous Teflon emulsion. The weight percent of conductive diluent may range from 0 to 30 percent and the weight of binder may range from 1 to 30 percent.
Other conductive diluents such as high surface area carbons, graphites or other conductive materials may be used. In addition, other binders such as polyolefins or elastomers may be substitued for Teflon. The weight percent of active materials may range ~rom 44 to 99 percent. When any component of the cathode mix is changed, the concentrations of the remaining components are adjusted accordingly. The cathode mix is rolled onto an Exmet*
Nickel screen, sintered under vacuum at 280C.
Experimental laboratory test cells include a wick cell configuration utilizing flag electrodes in a pressure reaction vessel. A lithium anode on each side of the cathode is separated by a porous fiber separator (wic~). The electrodes are sealed in polypropylene separator material. Laboratory test cells are equiped witn a lithium reference electrode which is unnecessary in practical configuration.
Cathodes prepared as described in the preferred embodiment are used in cathode limited cells with 2.~M LiAsF6 in methyl formate as the electrolyte. Other stable electrolyte systems may be substituted for LiAsF6 in the aprotic solvent methyl formate. These cells exhibit high experimental energy * denotes trade mark ~.~88472 densities tbased on active material), ranging from 810 r,~Jh/kg - (first cycle) to 250 Wh/kg on the twentieth cycle. Cells -utilizing V9Mo6O40 based cat'nodes exhibit highest energ~ densities and excellent capacity retention at 1.0 mA/cm2. Approxi~ately 2 percent capacity loss is observed after 25 cycles at higher current densities of 2.0 and 5.0 m~/cm~. Cells utilizing cathodes prepared from solid solutions of V6M~ 040 and V2O5 exhi'oit higher capacities on initial cycles (up to fifteen cycles) but show poorer capacity retention on cycling when compared with cathodes prepared fro~ V9~o6O40. Cells utilizing cathodes prepared from solid solutions of VgMO6O40 with MoO3 display similar capacities to cells utilizing cathodes prepared from VgMo6O40 in initial cycles but poorer capacity retention on the ninth and subsequent cycles.
The electroc'nemical cells of this invention can be used as either a rechargeable system or a pril~ary system.
We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A cathode for use in a lithium electrochemical cell, said cathode comprising a mix of about 40 to 99 weight percent of a mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3, wherein the mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is selected from the group consisting of V9Mo6O40, a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with V2O5, and a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with MoO3, about 0 to 30 weight percent of a conductive diluent and about 1 to 30 weight percent of an aqueous based binder, wherein said mix is rolled onto a nickel screen and sintered under vacuum at about 280°C.
2. A cathode according to claim 1 wherein mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is V9Mo6O40.
3. A cathode according to claim 1 wherein the mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with V2O5.
4. A cathode according to claim 1 where the mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with MoO3.
5. A cathode for use in a lithium electrochemical cell, said cathode comprising a mix of about 70 weight percent V9Mo6O40, about 20 weight percent Shawinigan Acetylene Black, and about 10 weight percent aqueous Teflon emulsion, wherein said mix is rolled onto a nickel screen and sintered under vacuum at about 280°C.
6. A lithium electrochemical cell comprising lithium ~ the anode, a cathode mix of about 40 to 99 weight percent of a mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3, wherein the mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is selected from the group consisting of V9Mo6O40, a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with V2O5 and a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with MoO3, about 0 to 30 weight percent of conductive diluent and about 1 to 30 weight precent of an aqueous based binder wherein said mix is rolled onto a nickel screen and sintered under vacuum at about 280°C as the cathode, and an inorganic lithium salt dissolved in an aprotic solvent as the electrolyte.
7. A lithium electrochemical cell according to claim 6 wherein the mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is V9Mo6O40.
8. A lithium electrochemical cell according to claim 6 wherein the mixed metal oxide prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with V2O5.
9. A lithium electrochemical cell according to claim 6 wherein the mixed metal oxide Prepared from V2O5 and MoO3 is a solid solution of V9Mo6O40 with MoO3.
10. A lithium electrochemical cell comprising lithium as the anode, a cathode mix of about 70 weight percent V9Mo6O40, about 20 weight percent Shawinigan acetylene Black, and about 10 weight percent aqueous Teflon emulsion wherein said mix is rolled onto a nickel screen sintered under vacuum at about 280°C as the cathode, and a solution of 2 molar LiAsF in methyl formate as the electrolyte.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US059,346 | 1987-06-08 | ||
| US07/059,346 US4751157A (en) | 1987-06-08 | 1987-06-08 | Cathode material for use in lithium electrochemical cell and lithium electrochemical cell including said cathode material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1288472C true CA1288472C (en) | 1991-09-03 |
Family
ID=22022381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000565443A Expired - Lifetime CA1288472C (en) | 1987-06-08 | 1988-04-28 | Cathode material for use in lithium electrochemical cell and lithium electrochemical cell including said cathode material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4751157A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1288472C (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2797390B2 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1998-09-17 | ソニー株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| US4925752A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-05-15 | Fauteux Denis G | Solid state electrochemical cell having porous cathode current collector |
| FR2644935B1 (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1996-05-15 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | NOVEL LIXMZV2´ZO5´T ELECTRODE MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND USE IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR |
| CA2016517C (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1999-01-12 | Dale R. Shackle | Solid state electrochemical cell having microroughened current collector |
| EP0503901B1 (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1996-12-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cathode materials for lithium battery and methods for producing the same |
| US5238761A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1993-08-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Cathode material for electrochemical cells |
| AU665575B2 (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1996-01-11 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Autoclavable electrochemical cell |
| US5278000A (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1994-01-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Overcharge and overdischarge protection of ambient temperature secondary lithium cells |
| CA2110097C (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 2002-07-09 | Soichiro Kawakami | Secondary battery |
| US5955218A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1999-09-21 | Medtronic, Inc. | Heat-treated silver vanadium oxide for use in batteries for implantable medical devices |
| US5895733A (en) * | 1997-02-03 | 1999-04-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Synthesis method for silver vanadium oxide |
| US6051339A (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2000-04-18 | Rentech, Inc. | Lithiated polyvanadate cathodes and batteries containing such cathodes |
| US5980855A (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-11-09 | Rentech, Inc. | Method for preparing lithiated metal oxides |
| US20100185264A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2010-07-22 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Method For Coating A Cathode Active Material With A Metal Oxide For Incorporation Into A Lithium Electrochemical Cell |
| US7211349B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2007-05-01 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Silver vanadium oxide provided with a metal oxide coating |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2524774C3 (en) * | 1975-06-04 | 1979-01-04 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Negative cobalt electrode for alkaline batteries and process for their manufacture |
| US4233375A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1980-11-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | High energy density plural chalcogenide cathode-containing cell |
| US4310609A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1982-01-12 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Metal oxide composite cathode material for high energy density batteries |
| US4675260A (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1987-06-23 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Lithium battery including vanadium pentoxide base amorphous cathode active material |
-
1987
- 1987-06-08 US US07/059,346 patent/US4751157A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-04-28 CA CA000565443A patent/CA1288472C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4751157A (en) | 1988-06-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 19940305 |