CA1286565C - Safety pressure relief device and method for making the same - Google Patents
Safety pressure relief device and method for making the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1286565C CA1286565C CA000557277A CA557277A CA1286565C CA 1286565 C CA1286565 C CA 1286565C CA 000557277 A CA000557277 A CA 000557277A CA 557277 A CA557277 A CA 557277A CA 1286565 C CA1286565 C CA 1286565C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- disk
- slit
- vacuum support
- vacuum
- support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000003629 Rupture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
- F16K17/14—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member
- F16K17/16—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs
- F16K17/162—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs of the non reverse-buckling-type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract A vacuum support for use with a safety pressure relief rupture member. A vacuum support disk includes a convex side and a concave side with the convex side being positioned against a concave side of the rupture disk which also includes convex and concave sides. An arc-shaped slit, centered with respect to the vacuum support disk, is formed therethrough and permits fluid com-munication between either side of the vacuum, support disk. A pair of opposed substantially parallel disk edges define opposite sides of the slit. The edges are urged against one another when the pressure on the concave side of the vacuum support disk is lower than the pressure on the convex side of the rupture disk thereby supporting the rupture disk.
Description
s~i~
SAFET~ PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
_. Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to safety pressure relief devices and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a safety pressure relief device designed for positive rupture in one direction at a pre-determined pressure differential to protect a pressure vessel. The invention also relates to methods for making such safety pressure relief devices.
SAFET~ PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
_. Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to safety pressure relief devices and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a safety pressure relief device designed for positive rupture in one direction at a pre-determined pressure differential to protect a pressure vessel. The invention also relates to methods for making such safety pressure relief devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art A variety of safety pressure relief devices of the rupture disk type have been developed. Generally, these devices includ a rupture disk supported between a pair of complementary supporting members or flanges which are in turn connected to a relief connec-1~ tion in a vessel or system containin~ fluid pressure.
Safety pressure relief devices of the rupture disk type areoften used in environments having elevated temperatures, alter-nating pressure and vacuum and corrosive conditions. When such disks are exposed to alternating internal and external pressures the central portion of the disk fluctuates responsive to the pressure diferentials thus stressing the disk and ultimately leading to disk rupture at a pressure differential other than that for which the dislc was designed. ~s used herein, the term "positive pressure" refers to a condition in which pressure in the ..
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vessel is greater than pressure on the other side of the safety pressure relief device while the term "reverse pressure" refers to a condition in which the vessel pressure is less than the pressure on the other side of the presure relief device.
In order to stablize the rupture disk against fluctuating in response to alternating internal and external pressure differen-tials, a vacuum support is clamped between the complementary flanges which contain the rupture disk with the vacuum support being positioned internally of the rupture disk. ~n some constructions, a sealing member is interposed between the vacuum support and the rupture disk. Thus, the vacuum support prevents fluctuation of the rupture disk or seal when a vacuum occurs in the pressure vessel in which the safety pressure relief device is installed. Examples of such supports are shown in U.S. Patents No. 2,523,068 to Simpson et al. and No. 2,953,279 to Coffman.
A problem occurs with such prior art vacuum supports. In many applications, the vacuum support must be thick enough to sup-port the rupture disk or seal in the presence of a high reverse pressure. At the same time, the vacuum support must also be able to open completely upon the occurance of the positive pressure at which the rupture disk is designed to open. When the rupture disk is designed to open at a relatively low positive internal pressure, the vacuum support may be so thick that ~ull opening of the assembly at the pre-determined positive pressure is prevented thus restricting flow.
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Prior art vacuum supports typically include a plurality of petals defined by radial cuts in the vacuum support. Lugs are welded onto the vacuum support adjacent the cuts in order to main-tain the structural integrity of the vacuum support in the pre sence of reverse pressure while a sufficient pre-determined positive pressure opens the petals upon bursting of the rupture disk. In the past, it has been necessary to design vacuum sup-ports of varying thicknesses dependent upon the level of reverse pressure the vacuum support must withstand. Moreover, some design parameters are not achieveable using prior art vacuum supports.
In other words, when it is desired to have the vacuu~ support withstand a very high reverse pressure while opening in the pre-sence of a very low positive pressure, the vacuum support may be so thick that rupture of the disk at the positive pressure may not occur.
In addition to the foregoing problems, the lugs which are spot welded onto the prior art vacuum supports constitute surface irregularities upon which process in the vessel may accumulate.
When such process is corrosive, especially in the presence of high temperatures, the effective life of the vacuum support is reduced~
It is important that when the internal pressure in the vessel reaches the pre-determined positive pressure at which the rupture disk opens, the vacuum support opens completely and fully while at the same time retaining parts so that vacuum support fragments are not sent downstream o the safety pressure relie~ device.
36~
sy the present invention, a safety pressure relief device of the rupture disk type is provided which includes a vacuum support which is simply and easily constructed, which opens completely and positively at low rupture disk pressures while supporting the rup-ture disk in the presence of a high reverse pressure, which is useable with rupture disks havinq a wide range of reverse pressure and rupture pressure ratings, and which opens positively and completely without fragmenting when internal vessel pressure exceeds rupture disk opening pressure.
S~M~ARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vacuum support for use with a safety pressure relief rupture member. The vacuum support comprises a disk having a generally convex upper side and a generally concave lower side and a slit formed therethrough. An upper disk edge defines a generally upper side of the slit and a lower disk edge defines a generally lower side of the slit. The slit edges are pressed together with the lower disk edge sup-porting that portion of the disk generally above the slit respon-sive to downward force applied to the disk.
Another aspect of the invention comprises a method for making a vacuum support for use in a safety pressure relief device of the rupturable type. The method includes the steps of forming a disk having a conve~ upper side and a concave lower side. Thereafter a ; slit is formed through the disk which dlvides the same into generally lower and upper portions. The slit is narrow enough .
relative to the disk thickness to close and prevent the upper por-tion from collapsing downwardly into the lower portion responsive to downward pressure applied to the upper portion.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to pro-vide an improved safety pressure relief device of the rupturabletype.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device in which the rupture disk is supported in the presence of high reverse pressure and which opens positively and completely at a pre-deter~ined positive low pressure.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device which includes a vacuum support that is useable over a wide range of rupture disk reverse pressure and positive pressure ratings.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device which is easily constructed and which incorporates fewer parts than those in the prior art.
It is still another object oE the invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device having a vacuum support whlch is formed of thinner material than those in the prior art.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device which opens positively and comple-~ tely at a pre-determined positive press~re and which does not fragment upon opening.
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_IEF DESCRIPTION OE THE DRAwINGS
Figure 1 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a safety pressure relief device constructed in accordance with the instant invention with portions thereof broken away.
Eigure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the safety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the safety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a top plan view of the vacuum support of the saety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure S is a view taken along line 5-5 in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the safety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure ~ i5 a view similar to Figure 7 after rupture of the safety pressure relief device.
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum support constructed in accordance with the instant inven-tion.
Figure 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 9.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREEERRED EMBODIME~TS OF THE INVENTION
Indicated generally at 10 is structure incorporating a safety pressure relief device constructed in accordance with the instant invention. A base flange 12 is threaded or otherwise su:itabl~
connected to a pipe or tubular member 14 which servex as the ~ ~ . . . .
i`5 relieving outlet for a pressure vessel to be protected.
Indicated generally at 16 is a safety pressure relief device constructed in accordance with the instant invention. Device 16 includes a vacuum support 18, a sealing member 20, and a rupture member or disk 22. Device 16 is installed between base flange 12 and a hold-down flange 24. The hold-down flange is generally pro-vided with threads 26 or other suitable means of connecting piping (not shown) to vent fluids away from the vessel area when required. Flanges 12, 24 are bolted together via bolts, like bolt 28, as shown. Safety pressure relief device 16 serves as a gasket between flanges 12, 24 to provide a sealed connection for the pressure vessel.
Turning attention now to Figure 2, rupture disk 22 includes an upper convex side 30 and a lower concave side (not visible in Figure 2). Rupture member 22 includes an anchoring flange 32, such also being viewable in Figure 7. A plurality of slots, like slot 34, extend radially outwardly from a solid central portion 36. A hole, like hole 3~ is drilled or punched at the upper end of each of the slots, like slot 34, to prevent stress con-centrations at the upper slot ends.
Rupture disk 22 is constructed to positively burst when the pxessure in tubular member 14 exceeds the pressure on the other side oE the pressure relief device by a pre-determined amount.
The pre-determined pressure at which such bursting occurs for any ~5 diameter o~ the safety pressure relie~ device may be selected by . . . . : , . :, ~.
', .. ' varying metal thickness, tensil strength of the metal being con-sidered, and varying the length of the slots, like slot 34. For example, the longer the slots, the closer their proximity at central portion 36 of rupture disk 22 and the smaller the area will be between the slots to resist the internal pressure of the vessel.
Sealing member 20 is made to conform with the shape of rupture disk 22 or must be of sufficient flexibility to assume such shape when assembled as part of the unit. Since the function of the sealing member is simply to prevent leakage through device 16 and to prevent corrosion of rupture disk 22, it may be made from a wide variety of materials. The selection of a material as ; a sealing member should be made individually for each installation with caution taken to assure ~he protection of rupture disk 22 from corrosion. It should be appreciated that it is known to com-bine sealing member 20 and rupture disk 22 into a single rupture disk which also seals to prevent leakage.
Vacuum support 18 is shown in more detail in Figures 4-6 and attention is directed thereto for a description of the vacuum sup-port structure. Vacuum support 18 includes a circular disk 39having a generally convex upper.side 40 and a generally concave lower side 42. A substantially horizontal (as viewed in Figure 5) ; slit 44 is formed through vacuum support 18 and defines an arc centered about an axis designated by dot-dash line 46. One end of slit 44 terminates in a hole 45 to relieve stress concentrations.
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Axis 46 also comprises the central axis for disk 39. Slit 44 divides disk 39 into an upper disk portion 48 and a lower disk portion 50.
~n anchoring flange 52 is formed about the radially outer circumference of disk 39 and provides a means for anchoring device 16 between flanges 12, 24 when vacuum support 18, sealing member 20, and rupture disk 22 are nested together as shown in Figures 1 and 7. A flat arcuate portion 54 comprises the radially outermost edge o disk 39 and assists in anchoring the vacuum support bet- :
ween flanges 12, 24.
~lit 44 is defined by an upper edge 56 and a lower edge 5~, such being referred to herein as an upper disk edge and a lower disk edge, respectively. The disk edges are substantially parallel to one another and in the instant embodiment of the invention each defines an angle of substantially 60 with respect to axis 46. A second axis 60 is shown in Figure 6, such being normal to axis 46 and parallel with arcuate portion 54. A third axis 62 is parallel to disk edges 56, 58. Thus, in the instant embodiment of the invention, the angle between axes 60, 62, designated by arc 64 (hereinafter angle 64) is substantially 30.
It has been found that the safe~y pressure relief device of the invention will successfully operate, as will hereinafter be described in more detail, when disk edges 56, 5~ ar~ oriented so that angle 64 is within the range of 0-45.
A second slit 66 is forlned through disk 39 and is symmetrical _g_ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' r;~E;tl~
with respect with slit 44. Like sli~ 44, slit 66 includes a hole 68 at one end thereof to relieve stress concentrations. Although not visible in the drawings, slit 66 includes upper and lower edges, like edges 56, 58, which are parallel to one another and which, like edges 56, 58, form an angle of substantially 60 with respect to axis 46. Each of slits 44, 68 have one end which ter-minates in holes 45, 68 and another end 70, 72, respectively.
That portion of the disk between holes 45, 68 is referred to herein as a vacuum support hinge portion and that portion of the 10 disk between ends 70, 72 is referred to herein as a vacuum support positioning portion. The vacuum support positioning portio~ main-tains upper portion 48 in alignment with lower portion S0 when ; vacuum support 18, sealing member 20, and rupture disk 22 are nested together for assembly as shown in Figures 1 and 7.
In operation, vacuum support 18, sealing member 20, and rup~
ture disk 22 are assembled between flanges 12, 24 as previously described and as shown in Figures 1 and 7. The pressure on the vessel to be protected operates on the concave side of sealing member 20 through slits 44, 46 and holes 45, 68 in vacuum support 20 18. When properly assembled, sealing member 20 nests in the con-cave side of rupture disk 22 so..that pressure .transmitted to sealing member 20 is exerted by the sealing member against the concave side o~ rupture disk 22.
When pressure in tubular member :L4 falls below the pressure on the convex side oE rupture disk 22, vacuum support 18 prevents .~ .
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substantial flexing of rupture disk 22 and sealing member 20 in response to fluctuating pressure. In response to the lower pressure internal of tubular member 14, a downward force is exerted by seal 20 against vacuum support 18 thus pressing upper edge 56 of slit ~4 against lower edge 58 and likewise pressing the upper and lower edges of slit 66 together so that the vacuum sup-port assumes the configuration of Figure 3. Due to the dome shape of vacuum support 18 and the abutment of the slit edges flat against one another, vacuum support 18 is able to maintain the configuration of Fiyure 3 even in the presence of very hi~h reverse pressures. This is so even when the vacuum support is made from thinner material than used in prior art vacuum supports.
Pressure interior of tubular member 14 which is greater than pressure on the other side of safety device 16 acts against sealing member 20 on the lower side of rupture disk 22. When such pressure reaches the level at which disk 22 is designed to burst, the metal between the holes (like hole 38 in the upper portion of disk 22) separates, except for one set o~ holes as shown in Figure 8, thus permitting the disk to open as shown. When rupture disk 22 opens, the pressure causes seal 20 to tear and vacuum support 18 to hinge open as shown in Figure 8. As can be seen, the material between slit ends 70, 72 breaks thus permitting the ' vacuum support to hinge open as shown in Figure 8.
Vacuum support 18 may be designed to assure that it will wlthstand a reverse pressure dif~erential of a selected amount :`
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without collapsing. The strength of the vacuum support when exposed to reverse pressure is determined by the radial distance between axis 46 and slits 44, 66; angle 64; the thickness of the disk; and the width of the slits, i.e., for slit 44, the distance between edges 56, 58. The degree of reverse pressure which the vacuum support will withstand is a function of the thickness of the disk and the length of the hinge width, i.e., the distance between holes 45, 68.
It is to be appreciated that the slit width will vary depen-dent upon the thickness of the disk from which the vacuum support is made and the distance between ends 70, 72 will vary dependent upon the diameter of the vacuum support disk which in turn is : dependent upon the diameter of the rupture disk with which the ` vacuum support is used.
It can be seen that the structure of the vacuum support of - the invention is able to withstand high reverse pressures because of the manner in which the slit closes with lower disk portion 5Q
supporting upper disk portion 48 as shown in Figure 3. This improved vacuum support structure withstands higher reverse pressures than previous vacuum supports and can be formed from thinner material than previous vacuum supports. Thus, the vacuum support of the invention withstands very high reverse pressures while at the same time, because of the thin material from which the vacuum support disk is made, opens positively and completely at low positive pressures. Thus, unlike prior art vacuum sup-.
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ports, for a given rupture dis~ size, the vacuum support of the instant invention may be used over a wide range of positive and reverse pressure ratings for its associated rupture disk.
Indicated generally at 74 in Figures 9 and 10 is a second embodiment of a vacuum support constructed in accordance with the instant invention. Vacuum support 74 includes a pair of sym-metrical slits~ one of which is slit 76, formed through a dome-shaped portion of the vacuum support similar to vacuum support 18.
Vacuum support 74 includes a substantially planar radial flange 78 which is used to mount the vacuum support in a type of ~ounting flange different from flanges 12, 24 in Figure 1. Otherwise, vacuum support 74 functions in the same manner (with an associated rupture disk and seal, each of which have planar ~langes similar to flange 78) as the embodiment of Figure 1. It is to be appre-ciated that means other than those disclosed herein for mounting avacuum support constructed in accordance with the instant inven-tion may be utilized without departing the scope of the invention.
Turning now to Figure 6, included therein is a laser 80.
~hen making vacuum support 18, laser 80 is used to form slits 44, 66 with a laser light beam being aligned with axis 62 thereby forming the slit edges 56, 58 a~, an angle dependent upon the orientation of laser 80. ~aser 80 provides precision control in selecting both the angle of edges 56, 58 and the width of slit 44 thus enabling the vacuum support to be precisely designed to withstand a given amount of reverse pressure. A vacuum support so ' .
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constructed includes fewer parts than vacuum supports of the prior art which typically have luqs spot welded thereto adjacent cuts which are formed through disk 39 in order to withstand reverse pressure to a preselected amount.
It is to be appreciated that additions and modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit of the invention which is defined in the following claims.
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Safety pressure relief devices of the rupture disk type areoften used in environments having elevated temperatures, alter-nating pressure and vacuum and corrosive conditions. When such disks are exposed to alternating internal and external pressures the central portion of the disk fluctuates responsive to the pressure diferentials thus stressing the disk and ultimately leading to disk rupture at a pressure differential other than that for which the dislc was designed. ~s used herein, the term "positive pressure" refers to a condition in which pressure in the ..
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-', , ' . . ' ~ :' 65fir,;
vessel is greater than pressure on the other side of the safety pressure relief device while the term "reverse pressure" refers to a condition in which the vessel pressure is less than the pressure on the other side of the presure relief device.
In order to stablize the rupture disk against fluctuating in response to alternating internal and external pressure differen-tials, a vacuum support is clamped between the complementary flanges which contain the rupture disk with the vacuum support being positioned internally of the rupture disk. ~n some constructions, a sealing member is interposed between the vacuum support and the rupture disk. Thus, the vacuum support prevents fluctuation of the rupture disk or seal when a vacuum occurs in the pressure vessel in which the safety pressure relief device is installed. Examples of such supports are shown in U.S. Patents No. 2,523,068 to Simpson et al. and No. 2,953,279 to Coffman.
A problem occurs with such prior art vacuum supports. In many applications, the vacuum support must be thick enough to sup-port the rupture disk or seal in the presence of a high reverse pressure. At the same time, the vacuum support must also be able to open completely upon the occurance of the positive pressure at which the rupture disk is designed to open. When the rupture disk is designed to open at a relatively low positive internal pressure, the vacuum support may be so thick that ~ull opening of the assembly at the pre-determined positive pressure is prevented thus restricting flow.
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~3~
Prior art vacuum supports typically include a plurality of petals defined by radial cuts in the vacuum support. Lugs are welded onto the vacuum support adjacent the cuts in order to main-tain the structural integrity of the vacuum support in the pre sence of reverse pressure while a sufficient pre-determined positive pressure opens the petals upon bursting of the rupture disk. In the past, it has been necessary to design vacuum sup-ports of varying thicknesses dependent upon the level of reverse pressure the vacuum support must withstand. Moreover, some design parameters are not achieveable using prior art vacuum supports.
In other words, when it is desired to have the vacuu~ support withstand a very high reverse pressure while opening in the pre-sence of a very low positive pressure, the vacuum support may be so thick that rupture of the disk at the positive pressure may not occur.
In addition to the foregoing problems, the lugs which are spot welded onto the prior art vacuum supports constitute surface irregularities upon which process in the vessel may accumulate.
When such process is corrosive, especially in the presence of high temperatures, the effective life of the vacuum support is reduced~
It is important that when the internal pressure in the vessel reaches the pre-determined positive pressure at which the rupture disk opens, the vacuum support opens completely and fully while at the same time retaining parts so that vacuum support fragments are not sent downstream o the safety pressure relie~ device.
36~
sy the present invention, a safety pressure relief device of the rupture disk type is provided which includes a vacuum support which is simply and easily constructed, which opens completely and positively at low rupture disk pressures while supporting the rup-ture disk in the presence of a high reverse pressure, which is useable with rupture disks havinq a wide range of reverse pressure and rupture pressure ratings, and which opens positively and completely without fragmenting when internal vessel pressure exceeds rupture disk opening pressure.
S~M~ARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vacuum support for use with a safety pressure relief rupture member. The vacuum support comprises a disk having a generally convex upper side and a generally concave lower side and a slit formed therethrough. An upper disk edge defines a generally upper side of the slit and a lower disk edge defines a generally lower side of the slit. The slit edges are pressed together with the lower disk edge sup-porting that portion of the disk generally above the slit respon-sive to downward force applied to the disk.
Another aspect of the invention comprises a method for making a vacuum support for use in a safety pressure relief device of the rupturable type. The method includes the steps of forming a disk having a conve~ upper side and a concave lower side. Thereafter a ; slit is formed through the disk which dlvides the same into generally lower and upper portions. The slit is narrow enough .
relative to the disk thickness to close and prevent the upper por-tion from collapsing downwardly into the lower portion responsive to downward pressure applied to the upper portion.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to pro-vide an improved safety pressure relief device of the rupturabletype.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device in which the rupture disk is supported in the presence of high reverse pressure and which opens positively and completely at a pre-deter~ined positive low pressure.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device which includes a vacuum support that is useable over a wide range of rupture disk reverse pressure and positive pressure ratings.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device which is easily constructed and which incorporates fewer parts than those in the prior art.
It is still another object oE the invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device having a vacuum support whlch is formed of thinner material than those in the prior art.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a safety pressure relief device which opens positively and comple-~ tely at a pre-determined positive press~re and which does not fragment upon opening.
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_IEF DESCRIPTION OE THE DRAwINGS
Figure 1 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a safety pressure relief device constructed in accordance with the instant invention with portions thereof broken away.
Eigure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the safety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the safety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a top plan view of the vacuum support of the saety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure S is a view taken along line 5-5 in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the safety pressure relief device of Figure 1.
Figure ~ i5 a view similar to Figure 7 after rupture of the safety pressure relief device.
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum support constructed in accordance with the instant inven-tion.
Figure 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 9.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREEERRED EMBODIME~TS OF THE INVENTION
Indicated generally at 10 is structure incorporating a safety pressure relief device constructed in accordance with the instant invention. A base flange 12 is threaded or otherwise su:itabl~
connected to a pipe or tubular member 14 which servex as the ~ ~ . . . .
i`5 relieving outlet for a pressure vessel to be protected.
Indicated generally at 16 is a safety pressure relief device constructed in accordance with the instant invention. Device 16 includes a vacuum support 18, a sealing member 20, and a rupture member or disk 22. Device 16 is installed between base flange 12 and a hold-down flange 24. The hold-down flange is generally pro-vided with threads 26 or other suitable means of connecting piping (not shown) to vent fluids away from the vessel area when required. Flanges 12, 24 are bolted together via bolts, like bolt 28, as shown. Safety pressure relief device 16 serves as a gasket between flanges 12, 24 to provide a sealed connection for the pressure vessel.
Turning attention now to Figure 2, rupture disk 22 includes an upper convex side 30 and a lower concave side (not visible in Figure 2). Rupture member 22 includes an anchoring flange 32, such also being viewable in Figure 7. A plurality of slots, like slot 34, extend radially outwardly from a solid central portion 36. A hole, like hole 3~ is drilled or punched at the upper end of each of the slots, like slot 34, to prevent stress con-centrations at the upper slot ends.
Rupture disk 22 is constructed to positively burst when the pxessure in tubular member 14 exceeds the pressure on the other side oE the pressure relief device by a pre-determined amount.
The pre-determined pressure at which such bursting occurs for any ~5 diameter o~ the safety pressure relie~ device may be selected by . . . . : , . :, ~.
', .. ' varying metal thickness, tensil strength of the metal being con-sidered, and varying the length of the slots, like slot 34. For example, the longer the slots, the closer their proximity at central portion 36 of rupture disk 22 and the smaller the area will be between the slots to resist the internal pressure of the vessel.
Sealing member 20 is made to conform with the shape of rupture disk 22 or must be of sufficient flexibility to assume such shape when assembled as part of the unit. Since the function of the sealing member is simply to prevent leakage through device 16 and to prevent corrosion of rupture disk 22, it may be made from a wide variety of materials. The selection of a material as ; a sealing member should be made individually for each installation with caution taken to assure ~he protection of rupture disk 22 from corrosion. It should be appreciated that it is known to com-bine sealing member 20 and rupture disk 22 into a single rupture disk which also seals to prevent leakage.
Vacuum support 18 is shown in more detail in Figures 4-6 and attention is directed thereto for a description of the vacuum sup-port structure. Vacuum support 18 includes a circular disk 39having a generally convex upper.side 40 and a generally concave lower side 42. A substantially horizontal (as viewed in Figure 5) ; slit 44 is formed through vacuum support 18 and defines an arc centered about an axis designated by dot-dash line 46. One end of slit 44 terminates in a hole 45 to relieve stress concentrations.
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Axis 46 also comprises the central axis for disk 39. Slit 44 divides disk 39 into an upper disk portion 48 and a lower disk portion 50.
~n anchoring flange 52 is formed about the radially outer circumference of disk 39 and provides a means for anchoring device 16 between flanges 12, 24 when vacuum support 18, sealing member 20, and rupture disk 22 are nested together as shown in Figures 1 and 7. A flat arcuate portion 54 comprises the radially outermost edge o disk 39 and assists in anchoring the vacuum support bet- :
ween flanges 12, 24.
~lit 44 is defined by an upper edge 56 and a lower edge 5~, such being referred to herein as an upper disk edge and a lower disk edge, respectively. The disk edges are substantially parallel to one another and in the instant embodiment of the invention each defines an angle of substantially 60 with respect to axis 46. A second axis 60 is shown in Figure 6, such being normal to axis 46 and parallel with arcuate portion 54. A third axis 62 is parallel to disk edges 56, 58. Thus, in the instant embodiment of the invention, the angle between axes 60, 62, designated by arc 64 (hereinafter angle 64) is substantially 30.
It has been found that the safe~y pressure relief device of the invention will successfully operate, as will hereinafter be described in more detail, when disk edges 56, 5~ ar~ oriented so that angle 64 is within the range of 0-45.
A second slit 66 is forlned through disk 39 and is symmetrical _g_ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' r;~E;tl~
with respect with slit 44. Like sli~ 44, slit 66 includes a hole 68 at one end thereof to relieve stress concentrations. Although not visible in the drawings, slit 66 includes upper and lower edges, like edges 56, 58, which are parallel to one another and which, like edges 56, 58, form an angle of substantially 60 with respect to axis 46. Each of slits 44, 68 have one end which ter-minates in holes 45, 68 and another end 70, 72, respectively.
That portion of the disk between holes 45, 68 is referred to herein as a vacuum support hinge portion and that portion of the 10 disk between ends 70, 72 is referred to herein as a vacuum support positioning portion. The vacuum support positioning portio~ main-tains upper portion 48 in alignment with lower portion S0 when ; vacuum support 18, sealing member 20, and rupture disk 22 are nested together for assembly as shown in Figures 1 and 7.
In operation, vacuum support 18, sealing member 20, and rup~
ture disk 22 are assembled between flanges 12, 24 as previously described and as shown in Figures 1 and 7. The pressure on the vessel to be protected operates on the concave side of sealing member 20 through slits 44, 46 and holes 45, 68 in vacuum support 20 18. When properly assembled, sealing member 20 nests in the con-cave side of rupture disk 22 so..that pressure .transmitted to sealing member 20 is exerted by the sealing member against the concave side o~ rupture disk 22.
When pressure in tubular member :L4 falls below the pressure on the convex side oE rupture disk 22, vacuum support 18 prevents .~ .
:: ' ~2~
substantial flexing of rupture disk 22 and sealing member 20 in response to fluctuating pressure. In response to the lower pressure internal of tubular member 14, a downward force is exerted by seal 20 against vacuum support 18 thus pressing upper edge 56 of slit ~4 against lower edge 58 and likewise pressing the upper and lower edges of slit 66 together so that the vacuum sup-port assumes the configuration of Figure 3. Due to the dome shape of vacuum support 18 and the abutment of the slit edges flat against one another, vacuum support 18 is able to maintain the configuration of Fiyure 3 even in the presence of very hi~h reverse pressures. This is so even when the vacuum support is made from thinner material than used in prior art vacuum supports.
Pressure interior of tubular member 14 which is greater than pressure on the other side of safety device 16 acts against sealing member 20 on the lower side of rupture disk 22. When such pressure reaches the level at which disk 22 is designed to burst, the metal between the holes (like hole 38 in the upper portion of disk 22) separates, except for one set o~ holes as shown in Figure 8, thus permitting the disk to open as shown. When rupture disk 22 opens, the pressure causes seal 20 to tear and vacuum support 18 to hinge open as shown in Figure 8. As can be seen, the material between slit ends 70, 72 breaks thus permitting the ' vacuum support to hinge open as shown in Figure 8.
Vacuum support 18 may be designed to assure that it will wlthstand a reverse pressure dif~erential of a selected amount :`
' , ~6S6~
without collapsing. The strength of the vacuum support when exposed to reverse pressure is determined by the radial distance between axis 46 and slits 44, 66; angle 64; the thickness of the disk; and the width of the slits, i.e., for slit 44, the distance between edges 56, 58. The degree of reverse pressure which the vacuum support will withstand is a function of the thickness of the disk and the length of the hinge width, i.e., the distance between holes 45, 68.
It is to be appreciated that the slit width will vary depen-dent upon the thickness of the disk from which the vacuum support is made and the distance between ends 70, 72 will vary dependent upon the diameter of the vacuum support disk which in turn is : dependent upon the diameter of the rupture disk with which the ` vacuum support is used.
It can be seen that the structure of the vacuum support of - the invention is able to withstand high reverse pressures because of the manner in which the slit closes with lower disk portion 5Q
supporting upper disk portion 48 as shown in Figure 3. This improved vacuum support structure withstands higher reverse pressures than previous vacuum supports and can be formed from thinner material than previous vacuum supports. Thus, the vacuum support of the invention withstands very high reverse pressures while at the same time, because of the thin material from which the vacuum support disk is made, opens positively and completely at low positive pressures. Thus, unlike prior art vacuum sup-.
.
:
".:
~`
~f~
ports, for a given rupture dis~ size, the vacuum support of the instant invention may be used over a wide range of positive and reverse pressure ratings for its associated rupture disk.
Indicated generally at 74 in Figures 9 and 10 is a second embodiment of a vacuum support constructed in accordance with the instant invention. Vacuum support 74 includes a pair of sym-metrical slits~ one of which is slit 76, formed through a dome-shaped portion of the vacuum support similar to vacuum support 18.
Vacuum support 74 includes a substantially planar radial flange 78 which is used to mount the vacuum support in a type of ~ounting flange different from flanges 12, 24 in Figure 1. Otherwise, vacuum support 74 functions in the same manner (with an associated rupture disk and seal, each of which have planar ~langes similar to flange 78) as the embodiment of Figure 1. It is to be appre-ciated that means other than those disclosed herein for mounting avacuum support constructed in accordance with the instant inven-tion may be utilized without departing the scope of the invention.
Turning now to Figure 6, included therein is a laser 80.
~hen making vacuum support 18, laser 80 is used to form slits 44, 66 with a laser light beam being aligned with axis 62 thereby forming the slit edges 56, 58 a~, an angle dependent upon the orientation of laser 80. ~aser 80 provides precision control in selecting both the angle of edges 56, 58 and the width of slit 44 thus enabling the vacuum support to be precisely designed to withstand a given amount of reverse pressure. A vacuum support so ' .
~l~f3~SG~
constructed includes fewer parts than vacuum supports of the prior art which typically have luqs spot welded thereto adjacent cuts which are formed through disk 39 in order to withstand reverse pressure to a preselected amount.
It is to be appreciated that additions and modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit of the invention which is defined in the following claims.
.
. , , ~, . .
.
Claims (40)
1. A vacuum support for use with a safety pressure relief rupture member comprising:
a disk having a convex side and a concave side, said convex side being positionable against one side of said rupture member for supporting the rupture member when the pressure on the concave side of said disk is lower than the pressure on the other side of said rupture member;
a slit formed in said disk:
a pair of opposed substantially parallel disk edges defining opposite sides of said slit, said edges being urged against one another when the pressure on the concave side of said disk is lower than the pressure on the other side of said rupture member.
a disk having a convex side and a concave side, said convex side being positionable against one side of said rupture member for supporting the rupture member when the pressure on the concave side of said disk is lower than the pressure on the other side of said rupture member;
a slit formed in said disk:
a pair of opposed substantially parallel disk edges defining opposite sides of said slit, said edges being urged against one another when the pressure on the concave side of said disk is lower than the pressure on the other side of said rupture member.
2. The vacuum support of claim 1 wherein the distance bet-ween said disk edges is less than the thickness of said disk.
3. The vacuum support of claim 1 wherein said vacuum sup-port further includes a second slit.
4. The vacuum support of claim 3 wherein said slits have a first pair of opposing ends defining a vacuum support hinge portion therebetween and a second pair of opposing ends defining a vacuum support positioning portion therebetween.
5. The vacuum support of claim 4 wherein said vacuum sup-port positioning portion is substantially shorter than said vacuum support hinge portion.
6. The vacuum support of claim 1 wherein said slit defines an arc.
7. The vacuum support of claim 6 wherein said vacuum sup-port includes a second slit defining an arc and said arcs together define an arc greater than 270°.
8. The vacuum support of claim 6 wherein said convex side, said concave side, and said arc are centered on a common axis.
9. The vacuum support of claim 8 wherein said disk edges form an angle of between 45° to 90° with said axis.
10. The vacuum support of claim 9 wherein said angle is substantially 60°.
11. A vacuum support comprising:
a disk having a generally convex upper side and a generally concave lower side, said disk having a slit formed therethrough, an upper disk edge defining a generally upper side of said slit; and a lower disk edge defining a generally lower side of said slit, said disk edges being pressed together with the lower edge supporting that portion of said disk generally above said slit responsive to downward force applied to said disk.
a disk having a generally convex upper side and a generally concave lower side, said disk having a slit formed therethrough, an upper disk edge defining a generally upper side of said slit; and a lower disk edge defining a generally lower side of said slit, said disk edges being pressed together with the lower edge supporting that portion of said disk generally above said slit responsive to downward force applied to said disk.
12. The vacuum support of claim 11 wherein said slit is substantially horizontal.
13. The vacuum support of claim 11 wherein said upper and lower disk edges are substantially parallel to one another.
14. The vacuum support of claim 11 wherein the distance bet-ween said upper and lower disk edges is less than the thickness of said disk.
15. The vacuum support of claim 11 wherein said vacuum sup-port further includes a second slit.
16. The vacuum support of claim 15 wherein said slits have a first pair of opposing ends defining a vacuum support hinge por-tion therebetween and a second pair of opposing ends defining a vacuum support positioning portion therebetween.
17. The vacuum support of claim 16 wherein said vacuum sup-port positioning portion is substantially shorter than said vacuum support hinge portion.
18. The vacuum support of claim 11 wherein said slit defines an arc.
19. The vacuum support of claim 18 wherein said vacuum sup-port includes a second slit defining an arc and said arcs together define an arc greater than 270°.
20. The vacuum support of claim 18 wherein said convex side, said concave side, and said arc are centered on a common axis.
21. The vacuum support of claim 20 wherein said disk edges form an angle of between 45° to 90° with said axis.
22. The vacuum support of claim 21 wherein said angle is substantially 60°.
23. A vacuum support comprising:
a disk having a generally convex upper side and a generally concave lower side;
a slit formed through said disk;
an upper disk portion located generally above said slit;
and a lower disk portion located generally below said slit, said slit being narrow enough relative to said disk thickness to close and prevent said upper portion from collapsing downwardly into said lower portion responsive to downward pressure applied to said upper portion.
a disk having a generally convex upper side and a generally concave lower side;
a slit formed through said disk;
an upper disk portion located generally above said slit;
and a lower disk portion located generally below said slit, said slit being narrow enough relative to said disk thickness to close and prevent said upper portion from collapsing downwardly into said lower portion responsive to downward pressure applied to said upper portion.
24. The vacuum support of claim 23 wherein a pair of opposed substantially parallel disk edges define opposite sides of said slit.
25. The vacuum support of claim 23 wherein the distance bet-ween said upper and lower disk edges is less than the thickness of said disk.
26. The vacuum support of claim 23 wherein said vacuum sup-port further includes a second slit.
27. The vacuum support of claim 26 wherein said slits have a first pair of opposing ends defining a vacuum support hinge por-tion therebetween and a second pair of opposing ends defining a vacuum support positioning portion therebetween.
28. The vacuum support of claim 27 wherein said vacuum sup-port positioning portion is substantially shorter than said vacuum support hinge portion.
29. The vacuum support of claim 23 wherein said slit defines an arc.
30. The vacuum support of claim 29 wherein said vacuum sup-port includes a second slit defining an arc and said arcs together define an arc greater than 270°.
31. The vacuum support of claim 29 wherein said convex side, said concave side, and said arc are centered on a common axis.
32. The vacuum support of claim 31 wherein said disk edges form an angle of between 45° to 90° with said axis.
33. The vacuum support of claim 32 wherein said angle is substantially 60°.
34. A method for making a vacuum support for use in a safety pressure relief device of the rupturable type comprising the steps of:
forming a disk having a convex upper side and a concave lower side;
forming a slit through said disk which divides the same into generally lower and upper portions, said slit being narrow enough relative to said disk thickness to close and prevent said upper portion from collapsing downwardly into said lower portion responsive to downward pressure applied to said upper portion.
forming a disk having a convex upper side and a concave lower side;
forming a slit through said disk which divides the same into generally lower and upper portions, said slit being narrow enough relative to said disk thickness to close and prevent said upper portion from collapsing downwardly into said lower portion responsive to downward pressure applied to said upper portion.
35. The method of claim 34 wherein the step of forming a slit through said disk further comprises the step of cutting a slit with a laser beam.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the step of forming a slit through said disk further comprises the step of cutting said slit narrower than the thickness of said disk.
37. The method of claim 34 wherein the step of forming a slit through said disk further comprises the step of forming said slit in an arc.
38. The method of claim 34 wherein said method further comprises the step of forming a second slit through said disk.
39. The method of claim 34 wherein the step of forming a slit through said disk further comprises the step of forming said slit with a pair of opposed substantially parallel disk edges on either side of said slit.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein the step of forming a slit through said disk further comprises the step of forming said disk edges at an angle of between 45° and 90° with respect to the longitudinal axis of said disk.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1820687A | 1987-02-24 | 1987-02-24 | |
| US018,206 | 1987-02-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1286565C true CA1286565C (en) | 1991-07-23 |
Family
ID=21786783
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000557277A Expired - Lifetime CA1286565C (en) | 1987-02-24 | 1988-01-25 | Safety pressure relief device and method for making the same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06104191B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1286565C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3805546C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2611247B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2201464B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7600527B2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2009-10-13 | Fike Corporation | Reverse acting rupture disc with laser-defined electropolished line of weakness and method of forming the line of weakness |
| US20100224603A1 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2010-09-09 | Donadon Safety Discs And Devices S.R.L. | Method for production of safety/rupture discs having pre-calculated breaking threshold |
| US8714175B2 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2014-05-06 | Applied Separations, Inc. | Pressure relief system for pressure vessels |
| DE102011115808A1 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-18 | Abb Technology Ag | Arrangement of rupture discs |
| RU2540211C2 (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2015-02-10 | Халла Индастриал Ко., Лтд. | Rupture disc and distributor with gas insulation containing it |
| US9303778B2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2016-04-05 | Fike Corporation | Rupture disc having laser-defined line of weakness with disc opening and anti-fragmentation control structures |
| US9289856B2 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-03-22 | Fike Corporation | Creation of laser-defined structures on pressure relief devices via tiling method |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2523068A (en) * | 1947-06-04 | 1950-09-19 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety head |
| US2716506A (en) * | 1953-01-16 | 1955-08-30 | L L Fike Metal Products Co | Rupture disc assembly for high pressure vessels |
| GB774812A (en) * | 1954-08-30 | 1957-05-15 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to vacuum supports for pressure releasing devices |
| US2953279A (en) * | 1954-09-10 | 1960-09-20 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety pressure relief device |
| US3169658A (en) * | 1960-09-19 | 1965-02-16 | Fike Metal Prod Corp | Damage resistant rupture disc assembly |
| US3109554A (en) * | 1960-09-19 | 1963-11-05 | Fike Metal Prod Corp | Rupture disc unit |
| US3121509A (en) * | 1960-09-19 | 1964-02-18 | Fike Metal Prod Corp | Damage resistant rupture disc assembly |
| JPS4112283Y1 (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1966-06-09 | ||
| US3698598A (en) * | 1971-07-26 | 1972-10-17 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Safety pressure relief device |
-
1988
- 1988-01-25 CA CA000557277A patent/CA1286565C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-04 GB GB8802488A patent/GB2201464B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-23 DE DE19883805546 patent/DE3805546C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-23 FR FR8802439A patent/FR2611247B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-24 JP JP63041798A patent/JPH06104191B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2201464B (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| DE3805546A1 (en) | 1988-09-01 |
| FR2611247B1 (en) | 1990-12-21 |
| FR2611247A1 (en) | 1988-08-26 |
| JPS63232832A (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| DE3805546C2 (en) | 1994-08-11 |
| GB8802488D0 (en) | 1988-03-02 |
| JPH06104191B2 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
| GB2201464A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |