CA1284068C - Sewage disposal - Google Patents
Sewage disposalInfo
- Publication number
- CA1284068C CA1284068C CA 530364 CA530364A CA1284068C CA 1284068 C CA1284068 C CA 1284068C CA 530364 CA530364 CA 530364 CA 530364 A CA530364 A CA 530364A CA 1284068 C CA1284068 C CA 1284068C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tanker
- piping
- sewage
- seabed
- deployed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Treated sewage, e.g. digested sludge, is commonly disposed of by simple dumping in shallow inshore waters, usually from barges or by direct pumping through pipelines from onshore sites.
According to the present invention, treated sewage is loaded into the tanks of a large ocean going tanker 1, transported therein to a deep water site, and then deposited directly onto the seabed at that site through piping deployed from the vessel and extending downwardly therefrom, The piping may be a flexible hose (e.g.
plastics tubing in continuous or segmented form 32), or as string of steel pipes, or a combination of the two. The piping may be deployed over the side of the vessel, or preferably from a moon pool 9. The depth of the seabed for deposit might for example by one thousand or fifteen hundred metres, or considerably deeper, e.g.
7000 m; an extremely deep water it may not be necessary for the piping to extend fully to the seabed, although it is recommended that it extend at least below the depth at which the majority of fish are found (the "fish line") and below the depth where there are significant thermal changes.
The invention not only provides a disposal procedure but also the disposal tanker per se, provided with a hose reel and/or pipe erection plant and/or equipment for handling piping 34,36,38 and for deploying the disposal piping 32 from the tanker to the deep seabed disposal region.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Treated sewage, e.g. digested sludge, is commonly disposed of by simple dumping in shallow inshore waters, usually from barges or by direct pumping through pipelines from onshore sites.
According to the present invention, treated sewage is loaded into the tanks of a large ocean going tanker 1, transported therein to a deep water site, and then deposited directly onto the seabed at that site through piping deployed from the vessel and extending downwardly therefrom, The piping may be a flexible hose (e.g.
plastics tubing in continuous or segmented form 32), or as string of steel pipes, or a combination of the two. The piping may be deployed over the side of the vessel, or preferably from a moon pool 9. The depth of the seabed for deposit might for example by one thousand or fifteen hundred metres, or considerably deeper, e.g.
7000 m; an extremely deep water it may not be necessary for the piping to extend fully to the seabed, although it is recommended that it extend at least below the depth at which the majority of fish are found (the "fish line") and below the depth where there are significant thermal changes.
The invention not only provides a disposal procedure but also the disposal tanker per se, provided with a hose reel and/or pipe erection plant and/or equipment for handling piping 34,36,38 and for deploying the disposal piping 32 from the tanker to the deep seabed disposal region.
Description
40~
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
The present invention relates to sewage di~posal. Currently, treated sewage, e.g. digested sludge, is commonly dlsposed of by 6imple dumping in shallow inshore waters, usually from barges or by direct pumping through pipellnes from onshore sites. Thls is leading to sn unacceptable build-up in the i~shore environment of toxic substance6 such as heavy metal compounds.
According to the present invention, treated sewage such as digested sludge is loaded into the tanks of a large ocean going tanker [e.g.
an oil/bulk ore (OBO) vessel, or a large, very large or ultra large crude carrier], transported therein to a deep water site, and then deposited directly onto the seabed at that site through pipin~
deployed from the tanker and extending downwardly therefrom. The piping may be a flexible hose (e.g. plastics tubin~ in continuous or segmented form), or a string of steel pipes, or a combination of the two - in which case a hose portion may descend from the vessel and connect with a pipe strin~ extending the remainder of the way. The pipin~ may be deployed over the side of the vesse], or from a moon pool. The depth of the seabed for deposit might for example be one thousand or fifteen hundred metres, or considerably deeper, e.g.70n~
m; in extremely deep water it may not be necessary for the pipin~ to extend fully to the seabed, although it is recommended that it extend at least below the depth at which the ~ajority of fish are found (the "fish line") and below the depth where there are significant thermal changes. At depth of about 4000 metres or more it is preferred to release the sewage sludge close to the ocean bed.
The height of the point of release above the bed is a function of the relative densities of the sewage sludge and the sea water at the release depth, the release rate, and the buoyancy frequency of sea water. ~t is currently considered that an optimal release heiRht in deep water is about 350 m above the sbyssal plain.
Treated sewage as currently received for dispo6al is usually an 1;'.~4(~
aqueous di~ested slud~e hsving a dry solid6 content of 10 to 5 wt.
or less; this may be concentrated, e.g. by partial de-waterln~ by centrifuge or the like before or after loading onto the disposal tanker; Euch partially de-watered ~lurry may be re-diluted on board the tanker before seabed deposit if thls should be necessary for ease of p~mping. The trea~ed 6ewage tsken on board the disposal tanker may if desired be further treated on board before seabed dispo6al; the sewage may have ~dded thereto various microorganisms to asfiist in breakdown and degradation of the deposited matter. The disposal tanker may be provided with an onboard laboratory for analysing sewage and also wster 6amples before and after disposal.
The inventlon not only provides a disposal procedure as described above, but also the disposal tanker per se, provided with a hose reel and/or pipe erection plant and/or equipment for handling piping and for deploying the disposal piping from the tanker to the deep seabed disposal re~ion. When piping is deployed over the side of the vessel the tanker hull may be used to provide a weathershield by allowing the tanker to be beam-on to wind and waves. Pipe erection plant e.~. pipe handling derricks may be accommoda~ed within the hold space of the tanker, or may be on deck and shielded from the elements by some suitable superstructure or housing.
~mbodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings in which :
FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a disposal tanker with hose reel equipment;
FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a disposal tanker with pipe erection plant; and FIGIIRE 3 ls a schematic representatlon of a disposal tanker with equipment for handlin~ plastics tubing in segmented form.
In the drawinRs, unless othervise stated, like numerals are used to l~Y406f:3 refer to like psrts.
As shown in Fig,l the dlsposal tanker 1 hss holds 2 for carrying sewage. The total stor~ge space within the tanker is e.g. ,, 500 000 m3~ of which about 80~ may be utilised for sewage storage.
The tanker is of generally conventional type, having holds 2 below deck, a bridge 3 and accommodation units 4 above deck. Laboratory facilities 5 for carryinR out microbiological and biochemical procedures are also provided.
The piping used for sewa~e disposal comprises a continuous extruded pIastics hose 6 of about 7000 m length wound on a hose reel 7. The internal diameter of the hose is e.g. 0.5 m. The reels 7 illustrated have horizontal axes of rotation; equally they could be laid flat for rotation about a vertical axis. The approximate dimensions of a reel holding 7000 m of hose i5 25 m diameter and 7 m width. One advanta~e of continuous extruded plastics hose is that it can be produced at the dockside and wound directly onto the hose reel while the tanker is in harbour. Conventional plastics extruslon plant could be used to generate 6uitable continuous plastics hose at a rate of about 1000 ~ per day.
A number of hose reels can be carried on a tanker; in the embodiment illustrated one reel 7 is mounted below deck in hold 8 and another reel is mounted on deck. The deck mounted reel could, of course, be weathershielded.
The hoses 6 are deployed throu~h moon pools 9 in the tanker hull.
At the submer~ed end of a hose there is carried a wei~ht 10 which prevents the pipe end driftin~ up towards the sea surface 11. At the hose end there is o~tionally provided a pump 12, powered via a cable from onboard the tanker, which creates a demand in the hose and so assists sewa~e flow throu~h the hose, thereby i~proving the rate of disposal onto the fieabed 13. It is presently estimated that a 0.5 m hose would allow an unassisted flow rate (i.e. by gravity alone) if around 1000 tonne/h. The hose end may be directed towards the ~eabed, or may steerable (e.~. by provision of a fiwivellable ~4()~
elbow 14) fiO as to allow some control over the wei~hted hose end by utillsing the thrust of a directed ~et of 6ewage.
A plastics hose ln water is generally neutrally or slightly po6itively buoyant. The combined weight of the deployed ho6e, weights, pumps etcO is 6upported by one or more cables 15 controlled by winches 16.
The tanker is provided with 6uitable pipework (not shohTn) for feeding sewage to the hose for di6posal.
In the embodiment of Fig.2, the piping used for sewage disposal is made up of sections 17. Thege are generally steel pipe sections, althou~h other rigld materials may be used1 e.g. glass fibre in order to reduce weight. Pipe sections 17 are stored on deck ready for incorporation into the pipe string.
Pipe sections are ~oined together to form the string using a pipe derrick 18 on a weather shielded pipe deck 19. The pipe string is deployed through a moon pool 9 in the tanker hull.
The 6uhmerged pipe end is weighted 10 and the pipe weight is supported by cables 15 controlled by winches 16. A steel pipe of several thousand meters length has considerable weight, and consequently buoyant collar6 20 may be used to reduce the load in the pipe string and on the cables. As in the previous embodiment of Fig.l, a subsea pump and/or 6teerable pipe opening may optionally be provided.
In any case, while sewage is being deposited on or near the seabed~
the tanker will be makin~ some way; about half a knot is considered to be satisfactory. The tanker may be allowed to drift, or it may be propelled by its engines (e.g at a rate of 1¦2 knot in reverse).
The presently preferred embodiment is illustrated in Fig.,3. The deep ocean discharRe ves6el i6 a tanker 1 of about 100,000 tonnes dead wei~ht. Such a vessel is preferred for its combinstion of ~4()~
.
stabillty in heavy weather, lts draft which is sufficlently shallow to allow approach close to existlng sewage terminals, and its economic efficiency. The tanker carries racks 30 ln which are 6tacked 6ectlons of plastic6 discharge piping 32. The piping 32 suitably comprises up to 150 metre lengths of flexible high density polyethylene piping of about 0.45 m dlameter.
Individual pipe lengths may be 6electively taken from the pipe racks hy means of a fully articulated stacker arm 34. As each plpe length is taken from the stack it is ~oined - for example by clamping - to the precedin~ pipe length and then passed over rollers 36 on a pipe guide quadrant 38 and deployed through a moon pool 9. In order to facilitate passage of the pipe over the quadrant some of the rollers may be driven. As an alternative the pipe guide quadrant could be replaced by a rotatable pipe guide wheel. The deployed piping is supported by guide-line cables or ropes controlled by winches (not shown). The guide-lines are also used to retrieve the deployed piping when it is desired to restow the pipes.
At the outlet end of the discharge pipe there ~s provided a dropweight of about 40 tonne, which i6 designed to overcome t~e dra~
effects of ocean currents, The deployed piping will not, of course, hang directly below the moon pool opening but will instead adopt a curved profile dependant on the currents at various depths and the direction of movement of the tanker. The dropweight is equipped with depth senslng intrumentation and transponders are fixed at predetermined intervals along the deployed pipe, thereby allowing the underwater aspect of the pipe to be determined on board the tanker. If the outlet end of the pipe should rise, the tanker can move in the direction of the dropwei~ht thereby reducing the guide-line tension and allowing the dropweight to sink. Conversely, should the dropweight sink too close to the seabed, the vessel can sail slowly away causing the deployed piping to regain its correct height from the bed.
A dynamic positioning sy6tem using a combination of azimuth and tunnel thrusters 40,42 keeps the tanker head into the weather during deployment of the piplng, snd maintain6 the po61tion of the dropweight and plplng relatlve to the 6eabet during dl6charge by utilisin~ data derlved from the depth 6en60r and transponders.
The operation of this deep ocean dlscharge vessel for sewage disposal will now be descrlbed. The vessel can lle at anchor close by a sewage termlnal. Small feeder barges (e.g. 1500 to 4000 dwt.3 can transport sewage sludge from the terminal to the vessel.
Desirably, a gas return system i6 employed in order to prevent the escape of displaced gas from the tanker holds in order to avoid atmospheri~ pollution. Once loaded, the tanker will proceed to a designated deep water dump site. At the dump slte the required number of pipe lengths is determlned and these are selected from the plpe racks, ~olned and deployed through a moon pool. The ships pumps are used to dlscharge the sewage sludge from the holds, through the piping and onto the ocean bed. The rate of pumping may be of the order of 1000 tonnes per hour. After the sewage has been discharged the holds and pipeline may be thoroughly washed and the washings discharged to the ocean bed.
When sewage d~sposal has been completed the piping is retrleved and restacked ln the pipe racks. The tanker then proceeds under normal navigation to lts loading anchorage close to the sewage terminal.
Durin~ the voyage to and from the loading terminal the outlet end of the dischar~e pipe together with the dropweight may be locked into a moon pool cursor 44 so as to close off the moon pool. The cursor is a passive sliding guide capable of runnin~ freely on rails set In the moon pool wall. The cursor ls raised and lowered by raising and lowering of the dropweight.
Whilst the embodiments illustrated have deployed piping through one or more moon pools in the tanker hull, it ls to be understood that in any case plping could be deployed over the side of the tanker.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
The present invention relates to sewage di~posal. Currently, treated sewage, e.g. digested sludge, is commonly dlsposed of by 6imple dumping in shallow inshore waters, usually from barges or by direct pumping through pipellnes from onshore sites. Thls is leading to sn unacceptable build-up in the i~shore environment of toxic substance6 such as heavy metal compounds.
According to the present invention, treated sewage such as digested sludge is loaded into the tanks of a large ocean going tanker [e.g.
an oil/bulk ore (OBO) vessel, or a large, very large or ultra large crude carrier], transported therein to a deep water site, and then deposited directly onto the seabed at that site through pipin~
deployed from the tanker and extending downwardly therefrom. The piping may be a flexible hose (e.g. plastics tubin~ in continuous or segmented form), or a string of steel pipes, or a combination of the two - in which case a hose portion may descend from the vessel and connect with a pipe strin~ extending the remainder of the way. The pipin~ may be deployed over the side of the vesse], or from a moon pool. The depth of the seabed for deposit might for example be one thousand or fifteen hundred metres, or considerably deeper, e.g.70n~
m; in extremely deep water it may not be necessary for the pipin~ to extend fully to the seabed, although it is recommended that it extend at least below the depth at which the ~ajority of fish are found (the "fish line") and below the depth where there are significant thermal changes. At depth of about 4000 metres or more it is preferred to release the sewage sludge close to the ocean bed.
The height of the point of release above the bed is a function of the relative densities of the sewage sludge and the sea water at the release depth, the release rate, and the buoyancy frequency of sea water. ~t is currently considered that an optimal release heiRht in deep water is about 350 m above the sbyssal plain.
Treated sewage as currently received for dispo6al is usually an 1;'.~4(~
aqueous di~ested slud~e hsving a dry solid6 content of 10 to 5 wt.
or less; this may be concentrated, e.g. by partial de-waterln~ by centrifuge or the like before or after loading onto the disposal tanker; Euch partially de-watered ~lurry may be re-diluted on board the tanker before seabed deposit if thls should be necessary for ease of p~mping. The trea~ed 6ewage tsken on board the disposal tanker may if desired be further treated on board before seabed dispo6al; the sewage may have ~dded thereto various microorganisms to asfiist in breakdown and degradation of the deposited matter. The disposal tanker may be provided with an onboard laboratory for analysing sewage and also wster 6amples before and after disposal.
The inventlon not only provides a disposal procedure as described above, but also the disposal tanker per se, provided with a hose reel and/or pipe erection plant and/or equipment for handling piping and for deploying the disposal piping from the tanker to the deep seabed disposal re~ion. When piping is deployed over the side of the vessel the tanker hull may be used to provide a weathershield by allowing the tanker to be beam-on to wind and waves. Pipe erection plant e.~. pipe handling derricks may be accommoda~ed within the hold space of the tanker, or may be on deck and shielded from the elements by some suitable superstructure or housing.
~mbodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings in which :
FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a disposal tanker with hose reel equipment;
FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a disposal tanker with pipe erection plant; and FIGIIRE 3 ls a schematic representatlon of a disposal tanker with equipment for handlin~ plastics tubing in segmented form.
In the drawinRs, unless othervise stated, like numerals are used to l~Y406f:3 refer to like psrts.
As shown in Fig,l the dlsposal tanker 1 hss holds 2 for carrying sewage. The total stor~ge space within the tanker is e.g. ,, 500 000 m3~ of which about 80~ may be utilised for sewage storage.
The tanker is of generally conventional type, having holds 2 below deck, a bridge 3 and accommodation units 4 above deck. Laboratory facilities 5 for carryinR out microbiological and biochemical procedures are also provided.
The piping used for sewa~e disposal comprises a continuous extruded pIastics hose 6 of about 7000 m length wound on a hose reel 7. The internal diameter of the hose is e.g. 0.5 m. The reels 7 illustrated have horizontal axes of rotation; equally they could be laid flat for rotation about a vertical axis. The approximate dimensions of a reel holding 7000 m of hose i5 25 m diameter and 7 m width. One advanta~e of continuous extruded plastics hose is that it can be produced at the dockside and wound directly onto the hose reel while the tanker is in harbour. Conventional plastics extruslon plant could be used to generate 6uitable continuous plastics hose at a rate of about 1000 ~ per day.
A number of hose reels can be carried on a tanker; in the embodiment illustrated one reel 7 is mounted below deck in hold 8 and another reel is mounted on deck. The deck mounted reel could, of course, be weathershielded.
The hoses 6 are deployed throu~h moon pools 9 in the tanker hull.
At the submer~ed end of a hose there is carried a wei~ht 10 which prevents the pipe end driftin~ up towards the sea surface 11. At the hose end there is o~tionally provided a pump 12, powered via a cable from onboard the tanker, which creates a demand in the hose and so assists sewa~e flow throu~h the hose, thereby i~proving the rate of disposal onto the fieabed 13. It is presently estimated that a 0.5 m hose would allow an unassisted flow rate (i.e. by gravity alone) if around 1000 tonne/h. The hose end may be directed towards the ~eabed, or may steerable (e.~. by provision of a fiwivellable ~4()~
elbow 14) fiO as to allow some control over the wei~hted hose end by utillsing the thrust of a directed ~et of 6ewage.
A plastics hose ln water is generally neutrally or slightly po6itively buoyant. The combined weight of the deployed ho6e, weights, pumps etcO is 6upported by one or more cables 15 controlled by winches 16.
The tanker is provided with 6uitable pipework (not shohTn) for feeding sewage to the hose for di6posal.
In the embodiment of Fig.2, the piping used for sewage disposal is made up of sections 17. Thege are generally steel pipe sections, althou~h other rigld materials may be used1 e.g. glass fibre in order to reduce weight. Pipe sections 17 are stored on deck ready for incorporation into the pipe string.
Pipe sections are ~oined together to form the string using a pipe derrick 18 on a weather shielded pipe deck 19. The pipe string is deployed through a moon pool 9 in the tanker hull.
The 6uhmerged pipe end is weighted 10 and the pipe weight is supported by cables 15 controlled by winches 16. A steel pipe of several thousand meters length has considerable weight, and consequently buoyant collar6 20 may be used to reduce the load in the pipe string and on the cables. As in the previous embodiment of Fig.l, a subsea pump and/or 6teerable pipe opening may optionally be provided.
In any case, while sewage is being deposited on or near the seabed~
the tanker will be makin~ some way; about half a knot is considered to be satisfactory. The tanker may be allowed to drift, or it may be propelled by its engines (e.g at a rate of 1¦2 knot in reverse).
The presently preferred embodiment is illustrated in Fig.,3. The deep ocean discharRe ves6el i6 a tanker 1 of about 100,000 tonnes dead wei~ht. Such a vessel is preferred for its combinstion of ~4()~
.
stabillty in heavy weather, lts draft which is sufficlently shallow to allow approach close to existlng sewage terminals, and its economic efficiency. The tanker carries racks 30 ln which are 6tacked 6ectlons of plastic6 discharge piping 32. The piping 32 suitably comprises up to 150 metre lengths of flexible high density polyethylene piping of about 0.45 m dlameter.
Individual pipe lengths may be 6electively taken from the pipe racks hy means of a fully articulated stacker arm 34. As each plpe length is taken from the stack it is ~oined - for example by clamping - to the precedin~ pipe length and then passed over rollers 36 on a pipe guide quadrant 38 and deployed through a moon pool 9. In order to facilitate passage of the pipe over the quadrant some of the rollers may be driven. As an alternative the pipe guide quadrant could be replaced by a rotatable pipe guide wheel. The deployed piping is supported by guide-line cables or ropes controlled by winches (not shown). The guide-lines are also used to retrieve the deployed piping when it is desired to restow the pipes.
At the outlet end of the discharge pipe there ~s provided a dropweight of about 40 tonne, which i6 designed to overcome t~e dra~
effects of ocean currents, The deployed piping will not, of course, hang directly below the moon pool opening but will instead adopt a curved profile dependant on the currents at various depths and the direction of movement of the tanker. The dropweight is equipped with depth senslng intrumentation and transponders are fixed at predetermined intervals along the deployed pipe, thereby allowing the underwater aspect of the pipe to be determined on board the tanker. If the outlet end of the pipe should rise, the tanker can move in the direction of the dropwei~ht thereby reducing the guide-line tension and allowing the dropweight to sink. Conversely, should the dropweight sink too close to the seabed, the vessel can sail slowly away causing the deployed piping to regain its correct height from the bed.
A dynamic positioning sy6tem using a combination of azimuth and tunnel thrusters 40,42 keeps the tanker head into the weather during deployment of the piplng, snd maintain6 the po61tion of the dropweight and plplng relatlve to the 6eabet during dl6charge by utilisin~ data derlved from the depth 6en60r and transponders.
The operation of this deep ocean dlscharge vessel for sewage disposal will now be descrlbed. The vessel can lle at anchor close by a sewage termlnal. Small feeder barges (e.g. 1500 to 4000 dwt.3 can transport sewage sludge from the terminal to the vessel.
Desirably, a gas return system i6 employed in order to prevent the escape of displaced gas from the tanker holds in order to avoid atmospheri~ pollution. Once loaded, the tanker will proceed to a designated deep water dump site. At the dump slte the required number of pipe lengths is determlned and these are selected from the plpe racks, ~olned and deployed through a moon pool. The ships pumps are used to dlscharge the sewage sludge from the holds, through the piping and onto the ocean bed. The rate of pumping may be of the order of 1000 tonnes per hour. After the sewage has been discharged the holds and pipeline may be thoroughly washed and the washings discharged to the ocean bed.
When sewage d~sposal has been completed the piping is retrleved and restacked ln the pipe racks. The tanker then proceeds under normal navigation to lts loading anchorage close to the sewage terminal.
Durin~ the voyage to and from the loading terminal the outlet end of the dischar~e pipe together with the dropweight may be locked into a moon pool cursor 44 so as to close off the moon pool. The cursor is a passive sliding guide capable of runnin~ freely on rails set In the moon pool wall. The cursor ls raised and lowered by raising and lowering of the dropweight.
Whilst the embodiments illustrated have deployed piping through one or more moon pools in the tanker hull, it ls to be understood that in any case plping could be deployed over the side of the tanker.
Claims (10)
1. An ocean-going tanker for use in a method of sewage disposal and having tanks in which sewage is loaded, transported in the tanker to a deep water site, and then deposited directly onto the seabed at that site through piping deployed from the tanker and extending downwardly therefrom, the tanker being provided with a moon pool in the tanker hull, a rack stacked with individual horizontally-elongated lengths of flexible pipe, means for taking pipe lengths from the rack and joining consecutive lengths together, and means for guiding joined pipe lengths vertically through the moon pool for deploying piping from the tanker to a water depth of about 4000m or more for depositing sewage directly onto the seabed at a deep water site.
2. A tanker according to Claim 1 , including means for bending the individual flexible pipe lengths from an elongate substantially horizontal orientation through an angle of about 90°
into a substantially vertical orientation in alignment with the moon pool.
into a substantially vertical orientation in alignment with the moon pool.
3 . A tanker according to Claim 2 , wherein said bending means includes a pipe guide quadrant having rollers over which the pipe lengths are deployed.
4 . A tanker according to Claim 1 , wherein the flexible pipe lengths are of plastic.
5 . A tanker according to Claim 1 provided with a dropweight at the outlet end of the piping, and provided with one or more guideline cables or ropes controlled by one or more winches for supporting the weight of the deployed piping.
6 . A tanker according to Claim 1 wherein the deployed piping carries at least one depth sensor at its outlet end.
7 . A tanker according to Claim 4 wherein the deployed piping carries transponders at predetermined intervals along its length.
8 . A method of sewage disposal using an ocean-going tanker, in which the tanker is provided with a moon pool in the hull, a rack stacked with individual horizontally-elongated lengths of flexible pipe, means for taking pipe lengths from the rack and joining consecutive lengths together, and means for guiding joined pipe lengths vertically through the moon pool for deploying piping from the tanker to a water depth of about 4000m or more, compris-ing the steps of loading sewage into the tanks of the ocean-going tanker, transporting the sewage in the tanker to a deep water site, deploying the piping from the tanker through the moon pool to a water depth of about 4000m or more, and then depositing sewage directly onto the seabed at that site through the piping with the sewage being released from the piping close to but above the seabed.
9 . A method according to Claim 8 wherein the sewage is an aqueous digested sewage sludge having a dry solids content of 10 to 5 wt.% or less.
10 . A method according to claim 8 including the steps of determining, at least partly, the depth of the deployed piping relative to the seabed by backward and/or forward motion of the tanker under control of a dynamic positioning system.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8604504 | 1986-02-24 | ||
| GB868604504A GB8604504D0 (en) | 1986-02-24 | 1986-02-24 | Sewage disposal |
| GB8700105 | 1987-01-06 | ||
| GB8700105A GB2184985B (en) | 1986-01-06 | 1987-01-06 | Sewage disposal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1284068C true CA1284068C (en) | 1991-05-14 |
Family
ID=26290395
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 530364 Expired CA1284068C (en) | 1986-02-24 | 1987-02-23 | Sewage disposal |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU586321B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1284068C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2004108A6 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR870311B (en) |
| PT (1) | PT84346B (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL164109C (en) * | 1977-06-08 | 1980-11-17 | Ballast Nedam Groep Nv | DREDGER. |
| AU544046B2 (en) * | 1981-10-17 | 1985-05-16 | Aannemers Combinatie Zinkwerken B.V. | Unloading chute for vessels |
| JPS61196098A (en) * | 1985-02-23 | 1986-08-30 | アイ・デイ・シ−株式会社 | Ore mining apparatus |
-
1987
- 1987-02-20 AU AU69081/87A patent/AU586321B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-02-23 ES ES8700460A patent/ES2004108A6/en not_active Expired
- 1987-02-23 CA CA 530364 patent/CA1284068C/en not_active Expired
- 1987-02-24 GR GR870311A patent/GR870311B/en unknown
- 1987-02-24 PT PT8434687A patent/PT84346B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR870311B (en) | 1987-06-30 |
| AU586321B2 (en) | 1989-07-06 |
| AU6908187A (en) | 1987-08-27 |
| PT84346B (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| PT84346A (en) | 1987-03-01 |
| ES2004108A6 (en) | 1988-12-01 |
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