CA1282841C - Mig welder attachment for an electric hand drill - Google Patents
Mig welder attachment for an electric hand drillInfo
- Publication number
- CA1282841C CA1282841C CA000549333A CA549333A CA1282841C CA 1282841 C CA1282841 C CA 1282841C CA 000549333 A CA000549333 A CA 000549333A CA 549333 A CA549333 A CA 549333A CA 1282841 C CA1282841 C CA 1282841C
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- wire
- arc
- drill
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Abstract
MIG WELDER ATTACHMENT FOR AN ELECTRIC HAND DRILL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A dielectric cover (30) is detachably coupled to an electric hand drill (12) of pistol form with a front portion extending beyond the drill shaft projecting from the front end of the drill casing. The cover acts as a torque tube to support a right angle drive reduc-tion gear mechanism (38) which terminates in a drive wheel (65) rotating about an axis perpendicular to the drill shaft axis (24) and within a friction drive mechanism, completed by spring biased idler wheel (54) pressing against the drive wheel. Metal blocks (42a, 42b) mounted to the cover (30) connect to one side of a DC source (122, 122) and mount a wire guide (44) for guiding a thin wire first electrode (90) into contact with and between the drive wheel (65) and the idler wheel (54). The wire electrode (90) which is friction-ally pulled from a spool (92) borne by the cover (30) feeds through a conductor tube (64) of an electrode nozzle assembly (72). The conductor tube (68) receives an inert shielding gas which flows about the thin wire first electrode (90) and the arc (124). The variable speed drill (12) uses the trigger mechanism (18) to control wire electrode (90) feed speed and thus the amperage of the weld arc (124), with workpiece (116) functioning as the second electrode. Owing to the inherently stabile arc as derived from storage batter ies (122, 122), arc (122, 122) and drive power (122) sources require no stabilizing interlock and may thus be entirely separate or identical, as convenience may dictate, without affecting either arc or drive either beneficially or adversely.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A dielectric cover (30) is detachably coupled to an electric hand drill (12) of pistol form with a front portion extending beyond the drill shaft projecting from the front end of the drill casing. The cover acts as a torque tube to support a right angle drive reduc-tion gear mechanism (38) which terminates in a drive wheel (65) rotating about an axis perpendicular to the drill shaft axis (24) and within a friction drive mechanism, completed by spring biased idler wheel (54) pressing against the drive wheel. Metal blocks (42a, 42b) mounted to the cover (30) connect to one side of a DC source (122, 122) and mount a wire guide (44) for guiding a thin wire first electrode (90) into contact with and between the drive wheel (65) and the idler wheel (54). The wire electrode (90) which is friction-ally pulled from a spool (92) borne by the cover (30) feeds through a conductor tube (64) of an electrode nozzle assembly (72). The conductor tube (68) receives an inert shielding gas which flows about the thin wire first electrode (90) and the arc (124). The variable speed drill (12) uses the trigger mechanism (18) to control wire electrode (90) feed speed and thus the amperage of the weld arc (124), with workpiece (116) functioning as the second electrode. Owing to the inherently stabile arc as derived from storage batter ies (122, 122), arc (122, 122) and drive power (122) sources require no stabilizing interlock and may thus be entirely separate or identical, as convenience may dictate, without affecting either arc or drive either beneficially or adversely.
Description
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MIG WELDER ATTACHMENT FOR AN ELECTRIC HAND DRILL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a MIG arc welding apparatus and more particularly to a simple attachment to a variable speed electric hand drill, which may be readily attached to and detached thPrefrom, to provide a highly effective professional quality, low cost MIG
arc welding appaxatus with variable speed drill power source electrically independent from the arc power source.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
MIG arc welding apparatus is in high vogue. U.S.
Patent No. 4,079,231 is exemplary of such MIG arc welding apparatus. A torch supports a consumable wire electrode, fed to the torch by wire feeder rolls which sandwich the wire to drive it through a passage within the torch. That passage is also subjected to a shield-ing gas with the gas surrounding and shieldiny the consumable wire electrode as it exits Erom a contact tube. It ~unctions to shield the arc which is estab-lished between the consumable wire electrode and a second electrode constituted by the workpiece. In that patent, the wire feeder rolls are driven by a motor 2~34~
whose speed is controlled by a motor governor via a con~rol circuit. To effect welding, the operator touches the end of the consumable wire against the workpiece and this results in an instantaneous short circuit across a power supply in a sensing circuit.
The sensing circuit provides a low voltage output signal which is fed to the control circuit. The control circuit produces, in turn, an output signal which energizes the welding contactor and the welding contactor produces a signal which turns on the power supply. With the power supply turned on, the arc is immediately established between the consumable wire electrode and the workpiece electrode. Also, in response to the sensing circuit output signal, the control circuit feeds a signal to the motor governor which starts the wire feeder motor. Additionally, the control circuit feeds the signal to the gas supply which initiates flow of a shielding gas to tne torch.
Upon establishment of the arc between the consumable wire elect~ode and the workpiece electrode, the output from the sensing circuit terminates. However, the flow of welding current through the cable lead to the torch and thus to the consumable wire electrode is ~L;2~2~4:~L
immediately sensed by a current detector circuit, which circuit is connected to a part of the cable lead. The detector circuit produces in turn an output signal which is fed to the control circuit, and the control circuit in response to the output signal, contlnues to maintain the signal to the welding contactor. This keeps the power supply in circuit and also maintains the signal to the motor governor and the signal to the gas supply so that the motor drive s~stem and the supply of inert gas continues. Thus, the wire feeder motor continues to operate and the flow of shielding gas to the torch is maintained.
Such consumable metal inert gas (MIG) arc welding is in large use because the MIG welders are faster and use less heat (amperage) for a given weld than other common welding methods so that heat distortion of the workpiece is minimal. Such conventional MIG welders may utilize storage batteries as the source of the DC
arc current. But in each case, the arc and drive power is electronically coupled to yield "semi-automatic"
features. MIG welders are not necessarily inexpensive.
Units sold under the trademark CENTUR~ cost about $700 while, a MILL~R SPOOLMATIC MIG welder gun alone may ~28~
cost about $1000 with a further cost of $2,000 for a power source. The MILLER SPOOLMATIC requires electron-ic modification to a 240 volt AC (household or three-phase industrial current) to obtain a 24 volt DC
non-drooping voltage current at the arc. As for the CENTURY unit, which runs on DC batteries, the unit is too large for portability. Cost is high because drive and arc power are electronically coupled. It is designed for use almost exclusively in welding steel and the drive speed is too slow for soft metal welds, particularly aluminum. The long drive train powered by a 24 volt motor causes the Century unit to be less energy-efficient and the push drive o the consumable wire electrode tends to cause "bird-nesting" of the consumable thin wire electrode.
MIG arc welding is also known as "semi-automatic ~ine wire welding". The term "semi-automatic" refers to the electrical or electronic coupling of arc and drive power in an effort to stabilize the arc voltage independent of human-induced accidental variations in arc distance. In most systems, the arc powex source requires expensive electronic components to achieve a "non-drooping voltage" characteristic. In some systems ~ a~l where auto or deep-cycle storage batteries are used as the power source, as in the CENTURY's portable MIG
welding system, an expensive and wholly unnecessary electronic couple exists between the drive and the arc.
The applicant has determined, and the present invention is based on, the recognition of the inherent stability of arc power when storage batteries are used for the power source. Thus, when auto or deep-cycle storage batteries are used for the arc power source, the resulting arc is so inherently stable that no electric or electronic couple to the drive power is required or desired. The applicant has determined that storage batteries are capable of such power (inherent reserve power) that any attempt at manual modification of arc distance, accidental or intentional, has no appreciable effect on arc stability; specifically on arc voltage.
A fortuitous and inherently stable match in arc and power source resistances assures an inherently stable arc gap and stable arc voltage where auto or deep cycle batteries are employed as arc power source. Applicant has determined that where one might expect a manual decrease of welding gun to workpiece distance to decrease arc distance and to decrease arc voltage and a a~
manual increase of welding gun to workpiece distance to increase_arc distance and to increase arc voltage, this is in fact not ostensibly the case where, and only where, storage batteries of common auto or deep-cycle type are used as the arc power source. In act, if the fine wire electrode should contact the workpiece electrode, as it does in initiating -the arc, the reserve power of the arc is sufficient to instantane-ously melt the electrode, thus opening the arc to a stable gap and initiating the weld process.
Attempts have been made to simplify the handling and feed of the consumable wire to the torch electrode nozzle assembly in such welding equipment. U.S. Patent No. 2,909,646 uses a pistol type welding gun which is provided with a water cooled electrode noæzle assembly through which a shielding gas is directed to the weld area. However, the electrode wire is fed from a separate and isolated box-like structure which encloses an adjustable speed motor operatively coupled to a drive roll~ and a pressure roll sandwiching the wire.
This requires push feeding o~ the wire a significant distance to the gun ~nd through the gun nozzle assem-bly. A trigger switch carried on the pistol grip of 321~
the welding gun controls drive motor operation for feeding the thin wire electrode and for controlling shield gas and cooling water 10w to the gun.
U.S. Patent No. 2,4gO,593 describes a combined portable welding and pneumatic tool useful in repairing cracked parts or castings by welding where it is usually necessary to first form a channel pocket for the welding material where the part is cracked or requires repair, through the use of a chisel~ then to deposit the welding material in the channel or pocket which is preferably done by vibrating a rod of welding material and passing an electric current of lower voltage and high amperage through the stick of welding materials. Finally, it is desirable to peen the deposited welded material to produce a smooth dense surface over the welded portion. The patent employs a simple and ef~icient tool which may be interchangeably used in performing the chisel, welding and peening operations. The versatile tool includes a maga7ine for holding a ~eries of rods which can be successively used for welding, incorporates a pulsating hammer, operable to impart strokes of variable force such as light strokes or peening and welding and heavier strokes for 3L~8~34~
chiseling. It has a welding rod holder which comprises a collet for positively holding the welding rod during welding operations. A pulsating hammer is detachably connected to the welding rod holder with a removable shield on the holder for the hammer. A welding rod holder includes means for delivering air from the hammer to the weld and varying th~ air flow to provide cooling of the desired degree. A pneumatic hammer has the intensity of the hammer pulsations varied by controlling the air exhausted from the hammer. A
single valve means variably controls the operation of the pulsating hammer and variably controls the Elow of air to the electrode controlling means. A pneumatic hammer has the operated tool insulated to prevent arcing between the tool and the work while carrying on peening or chiseling operations via a quick detachable connection between the body of the pneumatic hammer and tha welding rod or the electrode holder, to permit separate use of the hammer for peening or chiseling.
U.S. Patent No. 2,909,646 teaches a welding tool of gun form using a pistol grip trigger mechanism for selectively initiating and shutting off of the movemen~
of the drive of the thin wire and the supply of cooling liquid and inert gas to a pistol type apparatus. U.S.
Patent No. 2,490,593 suggests the creating of a com-hined portable welding a pneumatic tool. U.S. Patent No. 2,909~646 teaches isolation of the wire feed drive from the gun receiving the same, and U.S. Patent No.
2,490,593 suggests only the decoupling of mechanisms integrating a portable welding and pneumatic tool.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide an accessory or attachment to an ordinary electric hand drill for effecting a low cost battery powered MIG welder utilizing the variable speed motor of the electric motor hand drill for controlling the amperage of the welder by variable speed driving of the fine wire electrode while maintaining the current source to the electric hand drill motor electrically uncoupled to the DC voltage source creating the arc without materially affecting the stability of the welding arc.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a ~ighly versatile, low cost portable welder as an attachment or accessory to an ordinary AC or DC
electric hand drill particularly useful in forming a MIG welder which is easy to use, lightweight, and well ~,~8f~8~
suited to heavy or light welding. It is noteworthy that where circumstance dictates the parallel hook-up of both arc and drive to the same batteries, that no desta~ilizing relationship between arc and drive is implied or in act exists. Performance remains unaf-fected regardless of the existence of said circumstan-tial parallel circuits because the power reserve of said batteries is sufficient to maintain a stable power supply to the drive unit unaffected by the power to the arc.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The invention is directed to a simplified, low cost arc welder attachment for an electric hand drill or welding a workpiece acting as a first electrode. A
common, standard hand drill comprises a drill casing carrying a drill drive motor with the motor shaft protruding from one end of the casing and operating on a first AC or DC power source. The MIG attachment comprises cover means for attachment to the drill casing, and frictional wire drive means mounted to the cover at 90 to the drill shaft drive and mechanically coupled to the drill motor shaft feeding a fine wire, second electrode. A standard electrode nozzle assembly 2~
connected to the wire drive means and including a metal contact tube receives said fine wire second electrode fed by the wire drive means. Second electrical power source means (i.e., two 12 volt DC auto or deep cycle batteries in series, or one 24 volt aircraft battery, or eguivalent) are provided for subjecting the work-piece first electrode and the fine wire second elec-trode to a DC potential difference so as to create an electric arc therebetween capable of melting the wire to create an inexpensive, highly portable welder with the electrical power sources for the arc and for the hand drill motor being independent and electronically uncoupled, wherein the arc heat, or amperage, is directly responsive to the wire feed speed and where both soft and hard consumable wire electrod~s may be readily employed.
Incorporated within and rotatably mounted on the cover is a spool of fine wire which functions as the fin~ wire, first electrode supply~ Pre~erably, the hand drill~is o~ pistol form with a hand grip at right angles to the portion of the casing housing the elec-trical motor, with a~ trigger switch within the hand grip. The cover supports a right angle drive unit ~2~
within a portion of the cover overlying the protruding drill motor drive shaft and being directly mechanically coupled to the drive shaft. The cover supports a wire guide assembly via metallic blocks integrated to the right angle drive unit. Wire guide assembly blocks support a pair of laterally spaced, aligned cylindrical bushin~s through which the fine wire second electrode passes, and across the gap therebetween. The aligned bushings are in juxtaposition to a drive wheel coupled directly to the right angle drive unit. The wire is positioned within a peripheral groove on the drive wheel whose axis is at right angles to the axis of the bushings and the fine wire electrode passing there-through. One wire guide block mounts an idler wheel on a pivotal arm and resilient means are provided for resiliently pressing the idler wheel, through the arm, against the drive wheel and pxessing the fine wire electrode within the groove of the drive wheel to affect frictional pulling of the wire from the spool.
The blocksA may be formed of conductive metal and may function as a terminal for a low voltage DC cable from the DC supply source. Further, the contact tube may be of metal and be directly supported and fixed to one end ~328~
of one conductive block, in alignment coaxially with one of the wire guides. A l'TIi coupling may be inte-grated with the contact tube and the conductive block and coupled to a source of inert shielding gas for supplying an inert shielding gas to the contact tube so as to surround the arc at th~ emergence of the fine wire second electrode from the contact tube.
One or more VELCRO ~ or buckled straps may releasably mount the covar to the hand drill casing portion housing the electric drill motor. The electric drill motor may be any standard AC or DC rechargeable unit operating on any convenient and standard power source at any convenient speed while two 12 volt lead acid storage batteries may constitute the source of DC
potential for effecting the arc between the first and second electrodes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ~HE DR WINGS
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the MIG
weldex attachment and an electric hand drill to which it is attached and forming a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevational view, partially broken away of the drill and attachment shown in Figure 1, with the cover removed.
Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the assembly of Figure 2.
Fi~ure 4 is an electrical schematic diagram o a MIG welding system utiliæing the attachment shown in Figures 1 through 3, inclusive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRE~ERRED EMBODIMENT
. . _ RPferring to the drawings, and particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 3, there is shown a MIG arc welder attachment 10 constituting a preferred embodiment of the present invention as mounted to a conventional alternating current electric hand drill indicated generally at 12. Alternatively, the hand drill may be DC powered. Th~ MIG arc welder attachment forms a preferred embodimen~ of the present invention and constitutes an accessory to the ordinary electric hand drill 12. while all MIG welding equipment is inherent-ly versati~e in its ability to achieve good quality results in a wide variety of materials, the extreme simplicity of the MIG welder drill attachment 10 is consistent with and conducive to this versatility. By ~L~8~84~L
utilizing attachment 10, it is easy to change loads, tips, gases, polarity, and above all, welding speeds.
The ability to vary speed (or amperage) while welding, is a eature of the finest and most expensive welders.
In the past, this invariably required the modification of one circuit in order to vary another circuit render-ing the control system electronically complex. In contrast, the proliferation of variable speed electric motor drive hand drills insures this feature utilizing the MIG welder attachment of the present invention.
Moreover, the user has the option of selecting from a variety of drills for speed, balance~ weight, di-electric quali~ies, etc. For example, the drill 12 may constitute a drill manufactured and sold by Black and Decker under trade designation 3/8" VSR (Variable Speed Reversing). The chuck normally borne by the drill motor shaft 24 may be eliminated, thereby moving the bal nce of the tool aft. As seen in Figures 1 and 2, the drill casing 14 which is preferably formed o~
electrically insulating material has, projecting downward therefrom, an integral handle 16 or hand grip bearing a trigger switch 18. The trigger switch includes solid state circuitry (not shown) for varying the current flow through the windings of the electrical motor 28, Figure 2 so as to vary the output speed of the drill output shaft 24 which projects outwardly from casing 14 at the end of the drill gear speed reduction unit 22. An electric drive motor section 20 of casing 14 carrie~ internally the electric motor 28. Conven-tionally, an electrical cord 29, which may receive current from a 110 volt AC electrical source (not shown), extends from the bottom of the handle 16 or the drill may be powered by internally contained DC batter-es ~
In terms of the conventional AC hand-held and relatively inexpensive drill 12, there is believed to be no further need of explanation of the drill or its nature of operation. Pressing the switch 18 inwardly into the handle 16 energizes the electrical drive motor 28 and drives it at variable speed depanding upon the amount o~ retraction of the trigger 18.
The present invention is directed to the MIG arc welder attachment 10 which is constituted principally by a cover assembly 30 housing all o~ the components and including flexibl~ upper dielectric concave cover 32, overlying the top, configured to and partially J~328~L
- 17 ~
surrounding the cylindrical drill casing 14. Cover center portion 32a extends over the full length of the drill casing and cover 32 terminates in ends 32b, 32c which extend beyond the drill casing, at respective rear and front ends thereof. The cover assembly 30 is completed by a lower dielectric cover 34 which is removably or detachably mounted to the upper cover via 90 angle drive reduction gear assembly 38. As may be appreciatedt since all of the components are either borne by the upper cover 32, lower cover 34, or the right angle drive reduction gear assembly 38 and since these elements are fixed to each other, a simple mechanical expedient may be employed or detachably coupling the MIG arc welder attachment 10 to the hand drill casing 14, specifically via the drill's chuck or, by removing the chuck, via the drill's spindle. As illustrated, tha upper cover 32 is of inverted U shape in transverse section with paired sidewalls of center section 32a being slotted at vertically aligned posi-tions through which slots 32 pass a VELCRO ~ strap 37 to frictionally lock the upper cover 32 closely abut the cylindrical drill casing 14. Additionally, a mechanical connection is effected between the drill ~2~3X~
output shaft 24 and the drive reduct.ion gear assembly 38 so that the attachment 10 and its components are firmly mechanically attached to the hand drill 12 for operation of the MIG arc welder utilizing these compo-nents. A 90 angle drive gear assembly housing 40 is composed of laterally spaced, inverted L shape plates 39 screwed to opposite sides of transverse blocks as at 43, 45 and 47. Blocks 43 and 47 include suitably, horizontal and vertical bores 49 and 51 respectively within which are positi.oned multiple sleev~ bearings 53. Bearings 53 xotatably support shafts 55 and 57 which terminate in a pair of bevel gears 59 and 61, respecti~ely, which gears are enmeshed and which are at right angles to each other. Shaft 55 bears a tapped hole within its end remote from bevel gear 59 which receives the drill shaft 24. Drill output 24 shaft is threaded at its end and preferably threaded into angle drive thread of shaft 55 for the right angle drive reduction gear assembly 38. Right angle shaft 57, at its end opposite bevel gear 61, fixably mounts a single cylindrical drive wheel 65. Drive wheel 65 terminates in a threaded end 67 which is threaded into a tapped bore 69 of shaft 57. A lock nut 71 is threaded to the ~d~ 8~L
_ ~9 _ threaded end 67 of the drive wheel to permit an axially adjustable threaded coupling between drive wheel 65 and its driving shaft 57. The drive wheel 65 is given a certain diameter and is provided with a circumferential groove 69 on its periphery sized to the diameter of a consumable ~ine wire electrode 900 Wire electrode 90 is driven by being compressed within groove 69 by an idler wheel 54 whose periphery presses with variable pressure against the periphery o drive wheel 65 and sandwiches the wire electrode therebetween~
In order to effect that action, a consumable fine wire electrode feed block assembly, indicated generally at 42, is effectively coupled to the right angle drive reduction gear assembly housing 40, specifically to the lower end of that housing. Feed block assembly 42 is composed principally of left and right side block 42a, 42b, respectively, Figure 2, which are spaced rom each other, and which are of inverted L shape configuration forming a relatively large rectangular cavity 73 therebetween. The blocks 42a, 42b are provided with cylindrical bores 46 within which are inserted cylin-drical wire guides or bushings 44. At right anyles to bores 46, are tapped holes 75 for side blocks 42a, 42b 28~L
within which are threaded set screws 77. The set screws may be loosened to permit insertion of the wire guides or bushings 44 within bores 46, or to adjust them a~d the set screws are then turned down to lock the bushings in axially spaced positions. The bushings may be shifted axially, the purpose of which is to create a gap G of a certain width between conical ends 44a of the respective bushings 44, supported by the left and right side blocks 42a, 42b. The bushings include small diameter axial bores 45, sized slightly larger than the diameter of the consumable fine wire electrode 90 which passes therethrough and which is positioned so as to project within the groove 69 of the drive wheel 65. In order to insure frictional drive of the fine wire electrode 90, and the pulling of the wire electrode 90 from its source, the idler wheel 54 is mounted for rotation a~out is axis on an axle or pin 56 fixed to idler wheel mounting arm 50. In turn, one end 50a of the idler wheel mounting arm 50 is pivotally mounted by~way of mounting screw 52 to the bottom of right side block 42b, Figure 3. Additionally, an adjustable tension spring 110 has one end affixed to a left side block 42a on its bottom surface by means of a .
2~q~
tension spring mounting plate 108 and screw 112.
Spring 110 has a second end coupled to tension adjuster lever 115 carried by arm 50. Lever 115 pivots in the direction shown by double headed arrow 114. Thus, the adjustable tension spring 110 (or a rubber band equiva-lent thereto) adjusts the idler wheel 54 compression on drive wheel 65 which compression mu~t be higher for a hard metal consumable fine wire electrode such as steel in contrast to one formed of a soft metal such as aluminum where low compression is exerted. By utiliz-ing a drive wheel 65 which screws into the tapped hole 69 of the driven gear 61, it may be readily inter-changed with other drive wheels for different wire sizes and t~pes with the groove 69 within the periphery of the driv~ wheel 65 varying in diameter to match the diameter of the consumable wire electrode. Extending outwardly of the right side block section 42b and mounted thereto is an electrode nozzle assembly indi-cated generally at 72. Assembly 72 is coupled to block 42 via a c~nductor indicated generally at 64, forming a part thereof. Conductor tube 64 is composed of a pair of external threaded p~pes 66, 68 coupled together by a "T" coupling 70. Bore 46 within right side block ~28~
section 42b is tapped so as to receive the threaded end of pipe 66. The electrode nozzle assembly 72 may constitute a nozzle assembly such as that sold wnder the trade name TWECO. It comprises a nozzle 76 having a small diameter nozzle bore 88 and counter bore 82 leading to an insulator cavity 84 housing insulator 85.
Further, a gas diffuser 86 is carried within counter bore 82 and bore ~8. To the left, Figure 2, a further counter bore 87 of nozzle 76 is threaded and sized to the external thread of pipe 68. "T" coupling 70 is connected to hose 98 supplying a shield gas to elec-trode nozzle assembly 72.
Further, bore 46 of left side block 42a carries a terminal 89, which is connected to one end of a wire guide hose 48 of plastic material. The wire guide hose 48 is formed of plastic for insulating the consumable fine wire electrode 90 as it passes to the right angle drive reductian gear assembly for feed by drive wheel 65. The consumable fine wire electrode 90 is stored in coil form ~on a spool 92 which mounts for rotation hori~ontally about its axis on axle 94 within rear end 32b of the upper cover 32. In that respect, oppositely aligned paired holes 96 within the upper cover ~.2~
sidewalls suppor~ the spool 92 for rotation with the wire being pulled off the spool due to the frictional drive between the drive wheel 65 and the idler wheel 54.
Turning to Figure 4, the welding system is sche-matically represented in one form, in which the attach-ment 10 is mounted to conventional electric motor dxiven hand drill 12. In that respect, one end of DC
cable 100 has an exposed conductor 101 swaged to terminal 102 with ~erminal 102 being mounted to the conductive metal block 42a by way of a mounting screw 104 with a lock washer 106 interposed between the head o~ the screw 104 and the face of the block against which the terminal 102 contacts is in flush engagement.
A tapped hole 103 receives the threaded end 104a of screw 104, Figure 2. The DC cable 100 attaches at i~s opposite end to the positive terminal 122b, for in-stance, of one of two lead acid auto or deep cycle storaqe batteries 122 which are series connected. The series connectian is made via a short length cable 123 from the negative terminal 122a of one battery to the positive terminal 122b of the adjacent battery 122. In turn, a further DC cable 120 connects at one end to 128~
- 2~ -negative terminal 122a of the secund battery and terminates in a mechanical clamp 118 which detachably clamps to the workpiece 116 functioning as the first electrode for the arc welding system. The consumable fine wire second electrode 90 when positioned adjacent to the workpiece 116 create~ arc 124 and the tip of the fine wire electrode 90 is consumed in the process. The speed of the weld and the arc power is controlled by the drive speed of the electrical motor 28 for hand drill 12 feeding th~ wire electrode to arc 124.
In addition, as shown in Figure 4, an inert or other shield gas, if used, is fed via hose 98 to surround the arc 124 by escaping from the small diame-ter bore 88 of nozzle 76. The shield gas is supplied form a tank or bottle 126 controlled by regulator 12 and flow may be shut off by either a manual valve or a solenoid valve such as valve 130 and connected between attachment 10 and the regulator 28.
With bevel gears 59, 61 sized to provide a 2 to 1 speed red~ction, the fine wire electrode is pulled through the attachment 10 with ease. Variable speed drive may be assured and with input provision of a 24 volt arc power source such as two ordinary 12 volt lead ~8Z~
acid storage batteries, the fine wire consumable electrode 90 may constitute a .045 inch flux core mild steel wire which may be used without a shieldiny gas.
An inert/shielding gas may be employed as necessary. A
s~andard TW~CO No. 2 MI~ torch tip may form nozzle assembly 72 readily mounted via its contact tube 64 to the end of block 42 remote from the source of the wire electrode 90.
Attachment 10 makes ready provision for changing the drive wheels or capstans and adjusting the tension on the idler wheel to suit dif~erent types of wire electrodes being fed. Either polarity may be used and drive wheel speed control is achieved by speed control incorporated in the drill, sufficiently geared down to the 2 to 1 by right angle reduction. A one-half inch drive wheel provide~ a 1.57 linear inch of wire feed per revolu~ion so that surges and uneven wire feed speed are avoided when the speed is varied during welding. The deep-cycle or auto batteries 122 may be of the 80 amp hour type. As appreciated, it is simple and quick to change loads, tips, gases, polarity and speeds. Of course, as the diameter of the fine wire electrode 90 increases, it may be necessary to us~ a 'llZ~4~
higher speed 1/4 inch electric drill rather than a 3/8 inch electric drill. The invention has application to 300 and 600 RPM rechargeable drills with or without speed control particularly for welding 1/8" al~inum by reversing 90 an~le drive ~rom 2:l reductio~ to 1:2 increase in drive speed. Further, all 6 and 9.5 volt DC drills can be run on 12 volts for more speed. The applicant has found that it is both possible and safe to have the drill running on a power source which is entirely ind~pendent of the 24 volt arc power source.
The applicant has found that the common car battery has so little internal resistance and such immense power that one does not vary the arc voltage significantly by attempting to vary the arc distance and so, fortuitous-ly, an ordinary auto batkery happens to be an ideal source of inherently stable arc voltage. As such, the applicant derives the versatility of a variable speed wire drive without expensive electr~nic complications that are normally required when utilizing a common electrical~source for both the wire drive and the arc power. A DC battery such as an ordinary auto battery, or several DC batteries in series such as batteries 122, Figure 4, may additionally function as the source of DC power to the drill motor of the 12 V DC electric drill 12 in which case, the connection is made via line 29' as shown in dotted form and in which, the two electrical wires 39 thereof connect to the positive and negative electr~des 122b, 122a of a ~attery 122. In such case, the arc source is formed ~y the two batter-ies 122 in series, while the source of drive power for the hand drill motor of hand drill 12 is a single one of the ~atteries with the circuit including the drive motor 22 being across a single battery and the circuit including the arc 124 across both batteries.
It should be kept in mind that the ordinary electric hand drill may be of the conventional 110 volt AC t~pe. It may be 220 volt AC, it may be 12 volt DC, rechargeable or any other powered hand drill capable of feeding the consumable fine wire electrode. Further, the consumable wire electrode (which is shown as positive in Figure 4) may be of either polarity (i.e.
positive or negative) without affecting the motor drive at all al~ since the motor drive is electrically independent of arc power. Therefore, no changes are required for the drill to which the welding attachment is coupled. (In some units changing arc polarity 'IL~8Z~
causes the drive motor to reverse and this must be adjusted or hy separate means).
While there has been described what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the invention, and it is, therefore, intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
MIG WELDER ATTACHMENT FOR AN ELECTRIC HAND DRILL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a MIG arc welding apparatus and more particularly to a simple attachment to a variable speed electric hand drill, which may be readily attached to and detached thPrefrom, to provide a highly effective professional quality, low cost MIG
arc welding appaxatus with variable speed drill power source electrically independent from the arc power source.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
MIG arc welding apparatus is in high vogue. U.S.
Patent No. 4,079,231 is exemplary of such MIG arc welding apparatus. A torch supports a consumable wire electrode, fed to the torch by wire feeder rolls which sandwich the wire to drive it through a passage within the torch. That passage is also subjected to a shield-ing gas with the gas surrounding and shieldiny the consumable wire electrode as it exits Erom a contact tube. It ~unctions to shield the arc which is estab-lished between the consumable wire electrode and a second electrode constituted by the workpiece. In that patent, the wire feeder rolls are driven by a motor 2~34~
whose speed is controlled by a motor governor via a con~rol circuit. To effect welding, the operator touches the end of the consumable wire against the workpiece and this results in an instantaneous short circuit across a power supply in a sensing circuit.
The sensing circuit provides a low voltage output signal which is fed to the control circuit. The control circuit produces, in turn, an output signal which energizes the welding contactor and the welding contactor produces a signal which turns on the power supply. With the power supply turned on, the arc is immediately established between the consumable wire electrode and the workpiece electrode. Also, in response to the sensing circuit output signal, the control circuit feeds a signal to the motor governor which starts the wire feeder motor. Additionally, the control circuit feeds the signal to the gas supply which initiates flow of a shielding gas to tne torch.
Upon establishment of the arc between the consumable wire elect~ode and the workpiece electrode, the output from the sensing circuit terminates. However, the flow of welding current through the cable lead to the torch and thus to the consumable wire electrode is ~L;2~2~4:~L
immediately sensed by a current detector circuit, which circuit is connected to a part of the cable lead. The detector circuit produces in turn an output signal which is fed to the control circuit, and the control circuit in response to the output signal, contlnues to maintain the signal to the welding contactor. This keeps the power supply in circuit and also maintains the signal to the motor governor and the signal to the gas supply so that the motor drive s~stem and the supply of inert gas continues. Thus, the wire feeder motor continues to operate and the flow of shielding gas to the torch is maintained.
Such consumable metal inert gas (MIG) arc welding is in large use because the MIG welders are faster and use less heat (amperage) for a given weld than other common welding methods so that heat distortion of the workpiece is minimal. Such conventional MIG welders may utilize storage batteries as the source of the DC
arc current. But in each case, the arc and drive power is electronically coupled to yield "semi-automatic"
features. MIG welders are not necessarily inexpensive.
Units sold under the trademark CENTUR~ cost about $700 while, a MILL~R SPOOLMATIC MIG welder gun alone may ~28~
cost about $1000 with a further cost of $2,000 for a power source. The MILLER SPOOLMATIC requires electron-ic modification to a 240 volt AC (household or three-phase industrial current) to obtain a 24 volt DC
non-drooping voltage current at the arc. As for the CENTURY unit, which runs on DC batteries, the unit is too large for portability. Cost is high because drive and arc power are electronically coupled. It is designed for use almost exclusively in welding steel and the drive speed is too slow for soft metal welds, particularly aluminum. The long drive train powered by a 24 volt motor causes the Century unit to be less energy-efficient and the push drive o the consumable wire electrode tends to cause "bird-nesting" of the consumable thin wire electrode.
MIG arc welding is also known as "semi-automatic ~ine wire welding". The term "semi-automatic" refers to the electrical or electronic coupling of arc and drive power in an effort to stabilize the arc voltage independent of human-induced accidental variations in arc distance. In most systems, the arc powex source requires expensive electronic components to achieve a "non-drooping voltage" characteristic. In some systems ~ a~l where auto or deep-cycle storage batteries are used as the power source, as in the CENTURY's portable MIG
welding system, an expensive and wholly unnecessary electronic couple exists between the drive and the arc.
The applicant has determined, and the present invention is based on, the recognition of the inherent stability of arc power when storage batteries are used for the power source. Thus, when auto or deep-cycle storage batteries are used for the arc power source, the resulting arc is so inherently stable that no electric or electronic couple to the drive power is required or desired. The applicant has determined that storage batteries are capable of such power (inherent reserve power) that any attempt at manual modification of arc distance, accidental or intentional, has no appreciable effect on arc stability; specifically on arc voltage.
A fortuitous and inherently stable match in arc and power source resistances assures an inherently stable arc gap and stable arc voltage where auto or deep cycle batteries are employed as arc power source. Applicant has determined that where one might expect a manual decrease of welding gun to workpiece distance to decrease arc distance and to decrease arc voltage and a a~
manual increase of welding gun to workpiece distance to increase_arc distance and to increase arc voltage, this is in fact not ostensibly the case where, and only where, storage batteries of common auto or deep-cycle type are used as the arc power source. In act, if the fine wire electrode should contact the workpiece electrode, as it does in initiating -the arc, the reserve power of the arc is sufficient to instantane-ously melt the electrode, thus opening the arc to a stable gap and initiating the weld process.
Attempts have been made to simplify the handling and feed of the consumable wire to the torch electrode nozzle assembly in such welding equipment. U.S. Patent No. 2,909,646 uses a pistol type welding gun which is provided with a water cooled electrode noæzle assembly through which a shielding gas is directed to the weld area. However, the electrode wire is fed from a separate and isolated box-like structure which encloses an adjustable speed motor operatively coupled to a drive roll~ and a pressure roll sandwiching the wire.
This requires push feeding o~ the wire a significant distance to the gun ~nd through the gun nozzle assem-bly. A trigger switch carried on the pistol grip of 321~
the welding gun controls drive motor operation for feeding the thin wire electrode and for controlling shield gas and cooling water 10w to the gun.
U.S. Patent No. 2,4gO,593 describes a combined portable welding and pneumatic tool useful in repairing cracked parts or castings by welding where it is usually necessary to first form a channel pocket for the welding material where the part is cracked or requires repair, through the use of a chisel~ then to deposit the welding material in the channel or pocket which is preferably done by vibrating a rod of welding material and passing an electric current of lower voltage and high amperage through the stick of welding materials. Finally, it is desirable to peen the deposited welded material to produce a smooth dense surface over the welded portion. The patent employs a simple and ef~icient tool which may be interchangeably used in performing the chisel, welding and peening operations. The versatile tool includes a maga7ine for holding a ~eries of rods which can be successively used for welding, incorporates a pulsating hammer, operable to impart strokes of variable force such as light strokes or peening and welding and heavier strokes for 3L~8~34~
chiseling. It has a welding rod holder which comprises a collet for positively holding the welding rod during welding operations. A pulsating hammer is detachably connected to the welding rod holder with a removable shield on the holder for the hammer. A welding rod holder includes means for delivering air from the hammer to the weld and varying th~ air flow to provide cooling of the desired degree. A pneumatic hammer has the intensity of the hammer pulsations varied by controlling the air exhausted from the hammer. A
single valve means variably controls the operation of the pulsating hammer and variably controls the Elow of air to the electrode controlling means. A pneumatic hammer has the operated tool insulated to prevent arcing between the tool and the work while carrying on peening or chiseling operations via a quick detachable connection between the body of the pneumatic hammer and tha welding rod or the electrode holder, to permit separate use of the hammer for peening or chiseling.
U.S. Patent No. 2,909,646 teaches a welding tool of gun form using a pistol grip trigger mechanism for selectively initiating and shutting off of the movemen~
of the drive of the thin wire and the supply of cooling liquid and inert gas to a pistol type apparatus. U.S.
Patent No. 2,490,593 suggests the creating of a com-hined portable welding a pneumatic tool. U.S. Patent No. 2,909~646 teaches isolation of the wire feed drive from the gun receiving the same, and U.S. Patent No.
2,490,593 suggests only the decoupling of mechanisms integrating a portable welding and pneumatic tool.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide an accessory or attachment to an ordinary electric hand drill for effecting a low cost battery powered MIG welder utilizing the variable speed motor of the electric motor hand drill for controlling the amperage of the welder by variable speed driving of the fine wire electrode while maintaining the current source to the electric hand drill motor electrically uncoupled to the DC voltage source creating the arc without materially affecting the stability of the welding arc.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a ~ighly versatile, low cost portable welder as an attachment or accessory to an ordinary AC or DC
electric hand drill particularly useful in forming a MIG welder which is easy to use, lightweight, and well ~,~8f~8~
suited to heavy or light welding. It is noteworthy that where circumstance dictates the parallel hook-up of both arc and drive to the same batteries, that no desta~ilizing relationship between arc and drive is implied or in act exists. Performance remains unaf-fected regardless of the existence of said circumstan-tial parallel circuits because the power reserve of said batteries is sufficient to maintain a stable power supply to the drive unit unaffected by the power to the arc.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The invention is directed to a simplified, low cost arc welder attachment for an electric hand drill or welding a workpiece acting as a first electrode. A
common, standard hand drill comprises a drill casing carrying a drill drive motor with the motor shaft protruding from one end of the casing and operating on a first AC or DC power source. The MIG attachment comprises cover means for attachment to the drill casing, and frictional wire drive means mounted to the cover at 90 to the drill shaft drive and mechanically coupled to the drill motor shaft feeding a fine wire, second electrode. A standard electrode nozzle assembly 2~
connected to the wire drive means and including a metal contact tube receives said fine wire second electrode fed by the wire drive means. Second electrical power source means (i.e., two 12 volt DC auto or deep cycle batteries in series, or one 24 volt aircraft battery, or eguivalent) are provided for subjecting the work-piece first electrode and the fine wire second elec-trode to a DC potential difference so as to create an electric arc therebetween capable of melting the wire to create an inexpensive, highly portable welder with the electrical power sources for the arc and for the hand drill motor being independent and electronically uncoupled, wherein the arc heat, or amperage, is directly responsive to the wire feed speed and where both soft and hard consumable wire electrod~s may be readily employed.
Incorporated within and rotatably mounted on the cover is a spool of fine wire which functions as the fin~ wire, first electrode supply~ Pre~erably, the hand drill~is o~ pistol form with a hand grip at right angles to the portion of the casing housing the elec-trical motor, with a~ trigger switch within the hand grip. The cover supports a right angle drive unit ~2~
within a portion of the cover overlying the protruding drill motor drive shaft and being directly mechanically coupled to the drive shaft. The cover supports a wire guide assembly via metallic blocks integrated to the right angle drive unit. Wire guide assembly blocks support a pair of laterally spaced, aligned cylindrical bushin~s through which the fine wire second electrode passes, and across the gap therebetween. The aligned bushings are in juxtaposition to a drive wheel coupled directly to the right angle drive unit. The wire is positioned within a peripheral groove on the drive wheel whose axis is at right angles to the axis of the bushings and the fine wire electrode passing there-through. One wire guide block mounts an idler wheel on a pivotal arm and resilient means are provided for resiliently pressing the idler wheel, through the arm, against the drive wheel and pxessing the fine wire electrode within the groove of the drive wheel to affect frictional pulling of the wire from the spool.
The blocksA may be formed of conductive metal and may function as a terminal for a low voltage DC cable from the DC supply source. Further, the contact tube may be of metal and be directly supported and fixed to one end ~328~
of one conductive block, in alignment coaxially with one of the wire guides. A l'TIi coupling may be inte-grated with the contact tube and the conductive block and coupled to a source of inert shielding gas for supplying an inert shielding gas to the contact tube so as to surround the arc at th~ emergence of the fine wire second electrode from the contact tube.
One or more VELCRO ~ or buckled straps may releasably mount the covar to the hand drill casing portion housing the electric drill motor. The electric drill motor may be any standard AC or DC rechargeable unit operating on any convenient and standard power source at any convenient speed while two 12 volt lead acid storage batteries may constitute the source of DC
potential for effecting the arc between the first and second electrodes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ~HE DR WINGS
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the MIG
weldex attachment and an electric hand drill to which it is attached and forming a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevational view, partially broken away of the drill and attachment shown in Figure 1, with the cover removed.
Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the assembly of Figure 2.
Fi~ure 4 is an electrical schematic diagram o a MIG welding system utiliæing the attachment shown in Figures 1 through 3, inclusive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRE~ERRED EMBODIMENT
. . _ RPferring to the drawings, and particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 3, there is shown a MIG arc welder attachment 10 constituting a preferred embodiment of the present invention as mounted to a conventional alternating current electric hand drill indicated generally at 12. Alternatively, the hand drill may be DC powered. Th~ MIG arc welder attachment forms a preferred embodimen~ of the present invention and constitutes an accessory to the ordinary electric hand drill 12. while all MIG welding equipment is inherent-ly versati~e in its ability to achieve good quality results in a wide variety of materials, the extreme simplicity of the MIG welder drill attachment 10 is consistent with and conducive to this versatility. By ~L~8~84~L
utilizing attachment 10, it is easy to change loads, tips, gases, polarity, and above all, welding speeds.
The ability to vary speed (or amperage) while welding, is a eature of the finest and most expensive welders.
In the past, this invariably required the modification of one circuit in order to vary another circuit render-ing the control system electronically complex. In contrast, the proliferation of variable speed electric motor drive hand drills insures this feature utilizing the MIG welder attachment of the present invention.
Moreover, the user has the option of selecting from a variety of drills for speed, balance~ weight, di-electric quali~ies, etc. For example, the drill 12 may constitute a drill manufactured and sold by Black and Decker under trade designation 3/8" VSR (Variable Speed Reversing). The chuck normally borne by the drill motor shaft 24 may be eliminated, thereby moving the bal nce of the tool aft. As seen in Figures 1 and 2, the drill casing 14 which is preferably formed o~
electrically insulating material has, projecting downward therefrom, an integral handle 16 or hand grip bearing a trigger switch 18. The trigger switch includes solid state circuitry (not shown) for varying the current flow through the windings of the electrical motor 28, Figure 2 so as to vary the output speed of the drill output shaft 24 which projects outwardly from casing 14 at the end of the drill gear speed reduction unit 22. An electric drive motor section 20 of casing 14 carrie~ internally the electric motor 28. Conven-tionally, an electrical cord 29, which may receive current from a 110 volt AC electrical source (not shown), extends from the bottom of the handle 16 or the drill may be powered by internally contained DC batter-es ~
In terms of the conventional AC hand-held and relatively inexpensive drill 12, there is believed to be no further need of explanation of the drill or its nature of operation. Pressing the switch 18 inwardly into the handle 16 energizes the electrical drive motor 28 and drives it at variable speed depanding upon the amount o~ retraction of the trigger 18.
The present invention is directed to the MIG arc welder attachment 10 which is constituted principally by a cover assembly 30 housing all o~ the components and including flexibl~ upper dielectric concave cover 32, overlying the top, configured to and partially J~328~L
- 17 ~
surrounding the cylindrical drill casing 14. Cover center portion 32a extends over the full length of the drill casing and cover 32 terminates in ends 32b, 32c which extend beyond the drill casing, at respective rear and front ends thereof. The cover assembly 30 is completed by a lower dielectric cover 34 which is removably or detachably mounted to the upper cover via 90 angle drive reduction gear assembly 38. As may be appreciatedt since all of the components are either borne by the upper cover 32, lower cover 34, or the right angle drive reduction gear assembly 38 and since these elements are fixed to each other, a simple mechanical expedient may be employed or detachably coupling the MIG arc welder attachment 10 to the hand drill casing 14, specifically via the drill's chuck or, by removing the chuck, via the drill's spindle. As illustrated, tha upper cover 32 is of inverted U shape in transverse section with paired sidewalls of center section 32a being slotted at vertically aligned posi-tions through which slots 32 pass a VELCRO ~ strap 37 to frictionally lock the upper cover 32 closely abut the cylindrical drill casing 14. Additionally, a mechanical connection is effected between the drill ~2~3X~
output shaft 24 and the drive reduct.ion gear assembly 38 so that the attachment 10 and its components are firmly mechanically attached to the hand drill 12 for operation of the MIG arc welder utilizing these compo-nents. A 90 angle drive gear assembly housing 40 is composed of laterally spaced, inverted L shape plates 39 screwed to opposite sides of transverse blocks as at 43, 45 and 47. Blocks 43 and 47 include suitably, horizontal and vertical bores 49 and 51 respectively within which are positi.oned multiple sleev~ bearings 53. Bearings 53 xotatably support shafts 55 and 57 which terminate in a pair of bevel gears 59 and 61, respecti~ely, which gears are enmeshed and which are at right angles to each other. Shaft 55 bears a tapped hole within its end remote from bevel gear 59 which receives the drill shaft 24. Drill output 24 shaft is threaded at its end and preferably threaded into angle drive thread of shaft 55 for the right angle drive reduction gear assembly 38. Right angle shaft 57, at its end opposite bevel gear 61, fixably mounts a single cylindrical drive wheel 65. Drive wheel 65 terminates in a threaded end 67 which is threaded into a tapped bore 69 of shaft 57. A lock nut 71 is threaded to the ~d~ 8~L
_ ~9 _ threaded end 67 of the drive wheel to permit an axially adjustable threaded coupling between drive wheel 65 and its driving shaft 57. The drive wheel 65 is given a certain diameter and is provided with a circumferential groove 69 on its periphery sized to the diameter of a consumable ~ine wire electrode 900 Wire electrode 90 is driven by being compressed within groove 69 by an idler wheel 54 whose periphery presses with variable pressure against the periphery o drive wheel 65 and sandwiches the wire electrode therebetween~
In order to effect that action, a consumable fine wire electrode feed block assembly, indicated generally at 42, is effectively coupled to the right angle drive reduction gear assembly housing 40, specifically to the lower end of that housing. Feed block assembly 42 is composed principally of left and right side block 42a, 42b, respectively, Figure 2, which are spaced rom each other, and which are of inverted L shape configuration forming a relatively large rectangular cavity 73 therebetween. The blocks 42a, 42b are provided with cylindrical bores 46 within which are inserted cylin-drical wire guides or bushings 44. At right anyles to bores 46, are tapped holes 75 for side blocks 42a, 42b 28~L
within which are threaded set screws 77. The set screws may be loosened to permit insertion of the wire guides or bushings 44 within bores 46, or to adjust them a~d the set screws are then turned down to lock the bushings in axially spaced positions. The bushings may be shifted axially, the purpose of which is to create a gap G of a certain width between conical ends 44a of the respective bushings 44, supported by the left and right side blocks 42a, 42b. The bushings include small diameter axial bores 45, sized slightly larger than the diameter of the consumable fine wire electrode 90 which passes therethrough and which is positioned so as to project within the groove 69 of the drive wheel 65. In order to insure frictional drive of the fine wire electrode 90, and the pulling of the wire electrode 90 from its source, the idler wheel 54 is mounted for rotation a~out is axis on an axle or pin 56 fixed to idler wheel mounting arm 50. In turn, one end 50a of the idler wheel mounting arm 50 is pivotally mounted by~way of mounting screw 52 to the bottom of right side block 42b, Figure 3. Additionally, an adjustable tension spring 110 has one end affixed to a left side block 42a on its bottom surface by means of a .
2~q~
tension spring mounting plate 108 and screw 112.
Spring 110 has a second end coupled to tension adjuster lever 115 carried by arm 50. Lever 115 pivots in the direction shown by double headed arrow 114. Thus, the adjustable tension spring 110 (or a rubber band equiva-lent thereto) adjusts the idler wheel 54 compression on drive wheel 65 which compression mu~t be higher for a hard metal consumable fine wire electrode such as steel in contrast to one formed of a soft metal such as aluminum where low compression is exerted. By utiliz-ing a drive wheel 65 which screws into the tapped hole 69 of the driven gear 61, it may be readily inter-changed with other drive wheels for different wire sizes and t~pes with the groove 69 within the periphery of the driv~ wheel 65 varying in diameter to match the diameter of the consumable wire electrode. Extending outwardly of the right side block section 42b and mounted thereto is an electrode nozzle assembly indi-cated generally at 72. Assembly 72 is coupled to block 42 via a c~nductor indicated generally at 64, forming a part thereof. Conductor tube 64 is composed of a pair of external threaded p~pes 66, 68 coupled together by a "T" coupling 70. Bore 46 within right side block ~28~
section 42b is tapped so as to receive the threaded end of pipe 66. The electrode nozzle assembly 72 may constitute a nozzle assembly such as that sold wnder the trade name TWECO. It comprises a nozzle 76 having a small diameter nozzle bore 88 and counter bore 82 leading to an insulator cavity 84 housing insulator 85.
Further, a gas diffuser 86 is carried within counter bore 82 and bore ~8. To the left, Figure 2, a further counter bore 87 of nozzle 76 is threaded and sized to the external thread of pipe 68. "T" coupling 70 is connected to hose 98 supplying a shield gas to elec-trode nozzle assembly 72.
Further, bore 46 of left side block 42a carries a terminal 89, which is connected to one end of a wire guide hose 48 of plastic material. The wire guide hose 48 is formed of plastic for insulating the consumable fine wire electrode 90 as it passes to the right angle drive reductian gear assembly for feed by drive wheel 65. The consumable fine wire electrode 90 is stored in coil form ~on a spool 92 which mounts for rotation hori~ontally about its axis on axle 94 within rear end 32b of the upper cover 32. In that respect, oppositely aligned paired holes 96 within the upper cover ~.2~
sidewalls suppor~ the spool 92 for rotation with the wire being pulled off the spool due to the frictional drive between the drive wheel 65 and the idler wheel 54.
Turning to Figure 4, the welding system is sche-matically represented in one form, in which the attach-ment 10 is mounted to conventional electric motor dxiven hand drill 12. In that respect, one end of DC
cable 100 has an exposed conductor 101 swaged to terminal 102 with ~erminal 102 being mounted to the conductive metal block 42a by way of a mounting screw 104 with a lock washer 106 interposed between the head o~ the screw 104 and the face of the block against which the terminal 102 contacts is in flush engagement.
A tapped hole 103 receives the threaded end 104a of screw 104, Figure 2. The DC cable 100 attaches at i~s opposite end to the positive terminal 122b, for in-stance, of one of two lead acid auto or deep cycle storaqe batteries 122 which are series connected. The series connectian is made via a short length cable 123 from the negative terminal 122a of one battery to the positive terminal 122b of the adjacent battery 122. In turn, a further DC cable 120 connects at one end to 128~
- 2~ -negative terminal 122a of the secund battery and terminates in a mechanical clamp 118 which detachably clamps to the workpiece 116 functioning as the first electrode for the arc welding system. The consumable fine wire second electrode 90 when positioned adjacent to the workpiece 116 create~ arc 124 and the tip of the fine wire electrode 90 is consumed in the process. The speed of the weld and the arc power is controlled by the drive speed of the electrical motor 28 for hand drill 12 feeding th~ wire electrode to arc 124.
In addition, as shown in Figure 4, an inert or other shield gas, if used, is fed via hose 98 to surround the arc 124 by escaping from the small diame-ter bore 88 of nozzle 76. The shield gas is supplied form a tank or bottle 126 controlled by regulator 12 and flow may be shut off by either a manual valve or a solenoid valve such as valve 130 and connected between attachment 10 and the regulator 28.
With bevel gears 59, 61 sized to provide a 2 to 1 speed red~ction, the fine wire electrode is pulled through the attachment 10 with ease. Variable speed drive may be assured and with input provision of a 24 volt arc power source such as two ordinary 12 volt lead ~8Z~
acid storage batteries, the fine wire consumable electrode 90 may constitute a .045 inch flux core mild steel wire which may be used without a shieldiny gas.
An inert/shielding gas may be employed as necessary. A
s~andard TW~CO No. 2 MI~ torch tip may form nozzle assembly 72 readily mounted via its contact tube 64 to the end of block 42 remote from the source of the wire electrode 90.
Attachment 10 makes ready provision for changing the drive wheels or capstans and adjusting the tension on the idler wheel to suit dif~erent types of wire electrodes being fed. Either polarity may be used and drive wheel speed control is achieved by speed control incorporated in the drill, sufficiently geared down to the 2 to 1 by right angle reduction. A one-half inch drive wheel provide~ a 1.57 linear inch of wire feed per revolu~ion so that surges and uneven wire feed speed are avoided when the speed is varied during welding. The deep-cycle or auto batteries 122 may be of the 80 amp hour type. As appreciated, it is simple and quick to change loads, tips, gases, polarity and speeds. Of course, as the diameter of the fine wire electrode 90 increases, it may be necessary to us~ a 'llZ~4~
higher speed 1/4 inch electric drill rather than a 3/8 inch electric drill. The invention has application to 300 and 600 RPM rechargeable drills with or without speed control particularly for welding 1/8" al~inum by reversing 90 an~le drive ~rom 2:l reductio~ to 1:2 increase in drive speed. Further, all 6 and 9.5 volt DC drills can be run on 12 volts for more speed. The applicant has found that it is both possible and safe to have the drill running on a power source which is entirely ind~pendent of the 24 volt arc power source.
The applicant has found that the common car battery has so little internal resistance and such immense power that one does not vary the arc voltage significantly by attempting to vary the arc distance and so, fortuitous-ly, an ordinary auto batkery happens to be an ideal source of inherently stable arc voltage. As such, the applicant derives the versatility of a variable speed wire drive without expensive electr~nic complications that are normally required when utilizing a common electrical~source for both the wire drive and the arc power. A DC battery such as an ordinary auto battery, or several DC batteries in series such as batteries 122, Figure 4, may additionally function as the source of DC power to the drill motor of the 12 V DC electric drill 12 in which case, the connection is made via line 29' as shown in dotted form and in which, the two electrical wires 39 thereof connect to the positive and negative electr~des 122b, 122a of a ~attery 122. In such case, the arc source is formed ~y the two batter-ies 122 in series, while the source of drive power for the hand drill motor of hand drill 12 is a single one of the ~atteries with the circuit including the drive motor 22 being across a single battery and the circuit including the arc 124 across both batteries.
It should be kept in mind that the ordinary electric hand drill may be of the conventional 110 volt AC t~pe. It may be 220 volt AC, it may be 12 volt DC, rechargeable or any other powered hand drill capable of feeding the consumable fine wire electrode. Further, the consumable wire electrode (which is shown as positive in Figure 4) may be of either polarity (i.e.
positive or negative) without affecting the motor drive at all al~ since the motor drive is electrically independent of arc power. Therefore, no changes are required for the drill to which the welding attachment is coupled. (In some units changing arc polarity 'IL~8Z~
causes the drive motor to reverse and this must be adjusted or hy separate means).
While there has been described what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the invention, and it is, therefore, intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A welder attachment (10) for an electric hand drill (12) for welding a metal workpiece (116) acting as a first electrode, said hand drill (12) comprising:
an electrically insulated drill casing (14), a drill drive electric motor (28), said motor (28) including a motor shaft (24) having an end projecting outwardly of the drill casing, a first electrical power source for supplying electrical power to said motor, switch means (18) mounted to said drill casing (14) for selectively connecting and disconnecting the first electrical source to said electric motor (28), said welder attachment comprising: a cover (30) for attachment to the drill casing, a frictional wire drive means (38) for coupling to the drill motor shaft (24) for feeding a consumable, fine wire second electrode (90), an electrode nozzle assembly (72) connected to the wire drive means and including a metal conductor tube (64) receiving said fine wire second electrode (90) fed by the wire drive means (42) and means (64) for connecting a second DC electrical arc power source to said metal conductor tube (64) such that, when said second DC electrical power source (122, 122) is connected to the workpiece first electrode (116) to create a potential difference and said fine wire second electrode (90) is positioned in juxtaposition to the workpiece first electrode (116), an electric are (124) is created therebetween capable of melting the tip of the fine wire second electrode (90) to effect welding, wherein the speed of weld is adapted to be controlled by said motor switch means (18) and wherein the arc power is independent of that of the power source (100) for the hand drill motor and wherein both soft and hard consumable wire electrodes may be readily employed as the source of weld material.
an electrically insulated drill casing (14), a drill drive electric motor (28), said motor (28) including a motor shaft (24) having an end projecting outwardly of the drill casing, a first electrical power source for supplying electrical power to said motor, switch means (18) mounted to said drill casing (14) for selectively connecting and disconnecting the first electrical source to said electric motor (28), said welder attachment comprising: a cover (30) for attachment to the drill casing, a frictional wire drive means (38) for coupling to the drill motor shaft (24) for feeding a consumable, fine wire second electrode (90), an electrode nozzle assembly (72) connected to the wire drive means and including a metal conductor tube (64) receiving said fine wire second electrode (90) fed by the wire drive means (42) and means (64) for connecting a second DC electrical arc power source to said metal conductor tube (64) such that, when said second DC electrical power source (122, 122) is connected to the workpiece first electrode (116) to create a potential difference and said fine wire second electrode (90) is positioned in juxtaposition to the workpiece first electrode (116), an electric are (124) is created therebetween capable of melting the tip of the fine wire second electrode (90) to effect welding, wherein the speed of weld is adapted to be controlled by said motor switch means (18) and wherein the arc power is independent of that of the power source (100) for the hand drill motor and wherein both soft and hard consumable wire electrodes may be readily employed as the source of weld material.
2. The welder attachment as claimed in claim 1 for an MIG welding system, wherein said electrode nozzle assembly metal conductor tube includes a "T"
coupling (70) for connection to a source of inert shield gas (126) for delivering shield gas about the consumable, fine wire second electrode (90) as it is fed through said electrode nozzle assembly (72) and about the area downstream of the nozzle.
coupling (70) for connection to a source of inert shield gas (126) for delivering shield gas about the consumable, fine wire second electrode (90) as it is fed through said electrode nozzle assembly (72) and about the area downstream of the nozzle.
3. The welder attachment as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a spool (92) mounted for rotation about its axis within said cover (30), said spool carrying said fine wire second electrode (90) and functioning as a fine wire second electrode supply.
4. The welder attachment as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hand drill (12) is of pistol form with a hand grip (16) at right angles to the drill casing housing the electric motor, said trigger switch (18) is mounted within said hand grip (16) and wherein said frictional wire drive means comprises a right angle drive unit mounted within a portion of the cover (30) for overlying the protruding drill motor drive shaft (24) for direct mechanical coupling to the drill motor drive shaft (24).
5. The welder attachment as claimed in claim 4, wherein said cover further supports a wire guide assembly (42), said wire guide assembly comprising laterally spaced, aligned metallic blocks (42a, 42b) integral with the right angle drive unit, aligned bores within said wire guide assembly blocks (42a, 42b), cylindrical bushings (44) within said bores, said cylindrical bushings including axial passages (45) receiving said fine wire second electrode (90) with the fine wire second electrode (90) extending across the gap between said bushings, said right angle drive unit (38) terminating in a drive wheel (65) positioned within said gap and at right angles to the fine wire second electrode (90) passing across the gap, a periph-eral groove (69) within the drive wheel, the fine wire electrode (90) being positioned within said groove (69), and means (50) for spring biasing an idler wheel (54) mounted for rotation about its axis parallel to the axis of the drive wheel (65) for peripheral engage-ment with the periphery of the drive wheel (65) for sandwiching the fine wire second electrode (90) between the idler wheel (54) and the drive wheel (65) and within said groove (69) such that rotation of the drive wheel (65) effects frictional pulling of the fine wire electrode through the wire guide assembly.
6. The welder attachment as claimed in claim 5, wherein at least one of said blocks (42a, 42b), the drive wheel (65) and the conductor tube (64), is formed of conductive metal and constitutes a terminal for a low voltage DC cable (100) of said DC power source (122, 122), said metal conductor tube is directly affixed to one end of said at least one block in axial alignment with one (42b) of said wire guide assembly blocks and is coupled to said DC source, said conductor tube 64 is of the diameter slightly in excess of that of said fine wire second electrode passing therethrough and, a "T" coupling (70) is integrated with the conductor tube (64) for coupling to a source (126) of inert shielding gas so as to feed inert gas through the conductor tube (64) and about the fine wire second electrode (90) such that the shielding gas surrounds the fine wire second electrode as it exists from the electrode nozzle assembly (72) and envelopes the arc (124) created between the consumable fine wire second electrode (90) and the workpiece first electrode (116).
7. The welder attachment as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cover (30) comprises flexible, dielectric paired sidewalls (321 enveloping the hand drill casing (14) portion housing the electric drill motor (28), paired slots (36) within the cover sidewalls (32) and a strap (37) positioned within said sidewall slots (36) for enveloping the hand drill casing (14) and said cover (30) to detachably mount the cover to the hand drill casing (14).
8. A consumable wire electrode welding system including:
a metal workpiece (116) acting as a first elec-trode, a consumable fine wire second electrode (90), means (28, 38, 42) for feeding said consumable fine wire second electrode (90) towards said metal workpiece (116) for initiating and maintaining an electrical arc (124) therebetween, said feeding means including an electric drive motor (28), a first arc power means (122, 122) connected between said electrodes, second electrical drive power means (122) for energizing said electric drive motor, control means (18) for selective-ly connecting said second power means (122) to said electric motor and for varying the power supply thereto for the purpose of varying the speed of the consumable wire electrode feed, the improvement wherein said first arc power means and said second electrical drive power means comprises storage battery means, (122, 122) and wherein separate circuits (100, 29') are defined by said storage battery means (122, 122) and said elec-trodes (116, 90) and said storage battery means (122) and said electric drive motor (28), which separate circuits are substantially electrically unaffected by each other such that there is no appreciable drop in arc voltage resulting from variation in drive speed of said motor or vice versa.
a metal workpiece (116) acting as a first elec-trode, a consumable fine wire second electrode (90), means (28, 38, 42) for feeding said consumable fine wire second electrode (90) towards said metal workpiece (116) for initiating and maintaining an electrical arc (124) therebetween, said feeding means including an electric drive motor (28), a first arc power means (122, 122) connected between said electrodes, second electrical drive power means (122) for energizing said electric drive motor, control means (18) for selective-ly connecting said second power means (122) to said electric motor and for varying the power supply thereto for the purpose of varying the speed of the consumable wire electrode feed, the improvement wherein said first arc power means and said second electrical drive power means comprises storage battery means, (122, 122) and wherein separate circuits (100, 29') are defined by said storage battery means (122, 122) and said elec-trodes (116, 90) and said storage battery means (122) and said electric drive motor (28), which separate circuits are substantially electrically unaffected by each other such that there is no appreciable drop in arc voltage resulting from variation in drive speed of said motor or vice versa.
9. The consumable wire electrode welding system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said storage battery means comprises a pair of DC batteries in series (122, 122), and wherein said second electrical drive power means comprises one (122) of said DC batteries with said electric drive motor (28) connected across said one (122) DC battery, forming one of said separate circuits (29').
10. A consumable wire electrode welding system including:
a metal workpiece (116) acting as a first elec-trode, a consumable fine wire second electrode (90), means (28, 38, 42) for feeding said consumable fine wire second electrode (90) towards said metal workpiece (116) for initiating and maintaining an electrical arc (124) therebetween, said feeding means including an electric drive motor (28), at least one source of electrical power (122, 122), means for connecting said at least one source of electrical power (122, 122) between said electrodes (90, 116), control means (18) for selectively connecting said at least one electrical power source to said electric drive motor (28) and for varying the power supply thereto for the purpose of varying the speed of the consumable wire electrode feed, the improvement wherein said at least one elec-trical power source comprises at least one storage battery (122, 122), and wherein, separate, parallel circuits are defined by said at least one storage battery (122, 122) and said electrodes (90, 116) and by said at least one storage battery (122, 122) and said electric drive motor (28), which circuits are substan-tially electrically unaffected by each other such that there is no appreciable drop in arc voltage from operation of said electric drive motor or from varia-tion in drive speed of the feed of said consumable fine wire second electrode towards said metal workpiece.
a metal workpiece (116) acting as a first elec-trode, a consumable fine wire second electrode (90), means (28, 38, 42) for feeding said consumable fine wire second electrode (90) towards said metal workpiece (116) for initiating and maintaining an electrical arc (124) therebetween, said feeding means including an electric drive motor (28), at least one source of electrical power (122, 122), means for connecting said at least one source of electrical power (122, 122) between said electrodes (90, 116), control means (18) for selectively connecting said at least one electrical power source to said electric drive motor (28) and for varying the power supply thereto for the purpose of varying the speed of the consumable wire electrode feed, the improvement wherein said at least one elec-trical power source comprises at least one storage battery (122, 122), and wherein, separate, parallel circuits are defined by said at least one storage battery (122, 122) and said electrodes (90, 116) and by said at least one storage battery (122, 122) and said electric drive motor (28), which circuits are substan-tially electrically unaffected by each other such that there is no appreciable drop in arc voltage from operation of said electric drive motor or from varia-tion in drive speed of the feed of said consumable fine wire second electrode towards said metal workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000549333A CA1282841C (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-10-15 | Mig welder attachment for an electric hand drill |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000549333A CA1282841C (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-10-15 | Mig welder attachment for an electric hand drill |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1282841C true CA1282841C (en) | 1991-04-09 |
Family
ID=4136657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000549333A Expired - Fee Related CA1282841C (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-10-15 | Mig welder attachment for an electric hand drill |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1282841C (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-10-15 CA CA000549333A patent/CA1282841C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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