CA1276857C - Decompression and toxic fume protection apparatus - Google Patents
Decompression and toxic fume protection apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1276857C CA1276857C CA000503480A CA503480A CA1276857C CA 1276857 C CA1276857 C CA 1276857C CA 000503480 A CA000503480 A CA 000503480A CA 503480 A CA503480 A CA 503480A CA 1276857 C CA1276857 C CA 1276857C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- breathing device
- inner chamber
- removal means
- chamber
- reservoir
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
- A62B17/04—Hoods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B19/00—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus
- A62B19/02—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus with oxidising agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Decompression and Toxic Fume Protection Apparatus Abstract of the Disclosure Decompression and toxic fume protection apparatus comprising an inner chamber adapted to surround the head of the wearer, an inflatable and concentric outer chamber, a gas reservoir, means for removal of carbon dioxide and passageways for the circulation of gas through the apparatus.
Description
i7 FF-61~7 Decom~re sion and Toxic Fume P otection ADParatu~
Backaround of the Invention A continuing concern for the airCa~t indu~ry i8 apparatu~ for the protection o pa~sengers again~ either decompre~ion in flight OL ~oxic fumes r2sulting f lOm on-board fire~. Previously, oxygen ~asks and other apparatu~ have been p~ovided for pa~enger use. However, previou~ apearatus do not satisfy the need for individual smoke protection of 30 ~inute~ o~ more, and the ~ize and weight o~ apparatu~
previou~ly available has liJni~ed its use in aircraft.
Typically the ratio of e~uipment poundage to minute~
of protection was on the order of 1:0.5 to 1:3. I~
additionO ~uch o~ the equiement previously available for decompce~sion or toxic ~ume erotectio~ i8 ~ ~omplicated to u~e and might be of limited value to an : ~ ai~raft pa6senger i~ an eme~gency ~ituation.
Ac~ordingly, a contirauing need ~Xi6tE~ for an un~om~licated, light-weight appara~u~ that will : provide extended protection again~t toxic fume~ in an aircraft environment. Si~ila ly, a need exi~ts for uch a~ apparatu~ in a variety of other application~
` such as hotel~ and hospital~ in ~hich it may be - ~ ~5 necsssary to e~cape from a ~moke-filled environment with an appara~u6 that provides at least about 30 mihutes o~ breathable air for the user.
~ummarv Qf the Invention The pr~6ent invention provides an improved apparatus ~or protection again~t decompre~6ion and . toxic fume~, particularly in an airc~aft environment, which permit~ more complete uti~ization of available : oxygen.
Specifically, the ~n~tant inventio~ provide~
a breathing device having an inner chamber and an ~' .
.
inflatable outer chamber concantric with and su~roundiAg the inner chamber, the inner and outer chamberfi being adapted to ~urround the head o a wearer;
a ga~ re~ervoir;
a ga~ inlet leading to the outer chamber and a valve pe~itting ga~ to flow ~rom the vuter chamber to the re~ervoir; and -~ a ~a~ageway to pe~mît ~as to ~low betwee~
the re6ervoir and the inne~ cha~be~ ~hrough a C02 removal m2ans, the outer chamber being inf latable to a rigidity 6ufficient to maintain subs~antially con6tant volume :~: of the inner chamber while the wearer i~ breathinq.
Brief De~crie~ion of the Dra~in~
: Fig. 1 is a cro6s-~ectional view o~ a ~reathing device of the pr~ent ~llvention having a C2 rel40val ~ean~ a eircumfereAtial configu~altio~
-~ ~urrounding the nec~ of the wearer.
Fig. 2 i~ a cro~ eetional view of a breathing ~ev~ ce of a pre~en~c invention whe~ein the C2 remo-tal D~lean6 iç~ po~itioned ad jaeent ~co the gas .~ inlet.
Fig. 3 i~ a elanar viaw of the details of con~truction that can be used for oche inflatable outer eha~ber of the ~ ~re~en~c device~.
- ~ petailed De~criptiorl of the Inv ntion ; The pre6ent invention provide6 a breat~ing device having concentric inner and outer chamber~.
The outer chamber i8 in~latable to a rigidity ~uffici0nt to maintain a ~ub~tantially con~ant volume of the inner chamber while the wearer i~ breathing.
The device al~o includes a reservoir connec~ed to the inner chamber by way of a carbon dioxide re~oval means.
: 35 ~ .
:
..
. " : ~ -,. ~ ~., ' ,'. ' ' ,.,. . ' ~ .
~ . . .
~ , . . . .
. , .
A ~ide variety of material~ can be used for C2 re~oval. Thefie include, fo~ example, alkali me~al hydroxides and oxides and ~odium carbonate. Of the~e, ~he lîthium and ~odium ~alt~ are pfe~erred, and lithium hydroxide in ear~iculate form is palticularly preferEed. In addition, C02 ab60lbants in liquid or gel ~oEm can be used. The quantity of C02 ab~orbant ~' used ~i~l vary according to ~he ab~orbant selected and the capacity of the hood. In general, about ~rom 50 ~o 500 grams can be u~ed in the pre~ent invention. It has baen ~hown tha~ about fro~ 3 to 4 gram~ o$ lithium hydroxide ara required fo~ re~oval of ca~bon dioxide during each mim~te of closed circuit breathing in an environment of ~ub~tantially pure oxygen. P~eferably, about fcom 75 to 150 gram~ of C02 absorbant are used ~; in the pre~ent device~.
The C02 removal mean~ can be integrated ~::. into the pre~ent breathing device in a wide variety of onfigurations. The C0~ re~oral mean~ can be :~ 20 oon~ained in a 6epa~ate chamber positioned, ~or ~: example, a~ a ring around the neck of the ~earer. In i~ another embodi~ent, the C02 removal ~ean~ can be exterior to the remainder of the hood ~tructure, fo~
~: example, in a compa~t~ent, cani~ter or hose adjacent ~: 25 to the inlet. ~he positioning of the C02 removal ~ean~ exterior to the hood pezmit~ the replace~ent or ~enewal of the C02 ~emoval mean~ for reuse of the hood.
In aacordance with:a prefer~ed embodiment of the present i~vention, a brea~hing device i6, provided : which aonsi6t2 of thrae concent~ic chambers, the chambers ~eing de~ignated a~ an inner chamber, an inflatable oute~ chamber and a re~ervoir. The inner chamber i~ ne~ted within the inflatable cha~ber which i~ ne6ted within the re6ervolr. In the operation of : 3 .
', ~ ' : . . .
~2~
.. the breathing device, gas i8 ~a~ed from an outside source, such as the fresh air and/or oxygen ~upply on an aircraft, to ~he inflatable outec chamber of the brea~hi~g dev~ce. The outer chamber i8 in~latable to a rigidity ~uf~icie~t to maintain substantially constant volume of the inner chamber within the : breathing device while ~he wearee i~ bLeathing.
A ~alved mechani6m i8 provided to per~it pas6age of the ga6, whether freRh air, oxygen enriched air, or pure oxygen, f rom the outer chamber to the re~ervoir. A passage i~ al60 provided f rom the re~ecvoir, through a C02 re~oval mean~0 to the inner -~ chamber. Accordingly, with the breathing of the ~earer, oxygen and~oe air ~8 deawn only,fEom the rsservoir. In thig ~arlner, the inflatable outer :~ ~ char~ber ~ ~ kept at ~ub~antially constant volume while the wearer i~ breathing.
~: In the breathi~g cycle, inhala~ion by the :~ wearer draw~ air ~Lom ~he reserYor, throush the C02 removal mean~ and into the inner chamber. ~he :~ exhaling pre~6ure o~ the wearer focce6 exhaust air through the carbon dioxide ab~orber, and back to the reservoir.
The invention can be more clearly unde~6tood .-: 25 by ceference to the drawings, in w~ich l~ke numbers : are u~ed ~or like elements in ~he f igures .
In ~igure 1, ga~ ig ~upplied through inlet 1, from a ~ource, not ~ho~n. of re~h air, oxygen, or both, to inflatable outer chamber 2, surrounding the head of the wearer. When the inflatable outer chamber i8 sub6tantially fully inflated, the ga6 pas~e6 through valve 3 into re6er~0ir 4, he~e ~hown a6 an ~ addit~onal outer concentric chamber. Inhaling o~ the : wearer causes flo~ ~rom the reservoir through C02 :; 35 eemoval ~ean~ 5 to inner cha~ber 6. ~xhaling by tAe .
~ .
''~ ' .
~, . , : , . . . . - -' , ' ~ . . ~
.
~ . . :
, - . ~
s . wearer cau6e~ pas~age of exhaufit brea~ back through the C02 removal meang and to the reserYvir. The C2 removal ~ean~ is hers illus~rated a~ an annular Ling, containing C02 ab~orbant 7, through which the - 5 air is cir~ulated in it~ pas~age between the reGervoir and the inner chamber. The hood is also provided wi~h annular nec~ ~eal 8.
Another e~bodiment of the invention i~
- illu6tr~ted in Pigure 2, in ~hich the C02 r2moval ~ean~ i~ exterior to the lnner, outler and re~ervoic element~ ~urrounding the head of the wearer, and i6 ~ n the form of cani~ter 21 containing C02 absorbant 22.
: The outer chamber i6 inflatable to a ~igidity - ~ufficient to ~aintain ~ubstantially con~tant inte~nal volume while the wearer i~ breathing. A typical con~truction whi~h can be used f or this ~unctio~
~llustrated in Figure ~ which the re6ervoir i6 ~abricated from two lay~rs o~ ther~oplastie ~aterial 31 and 32, ~he ~wo layer~ being heat sealed at ~eam6 ~: 20 33 ~o provide a plurality of pockets 34 having upper and lo~er poction~ 34A and 34B. Alternat~vely, the . ~heet~ can be adhe~ively bonded a~ eequiced. The area between the upper and lo~e~ portions i~ ~ealed together to provida ~i6ibility band 35. The 2S vi~ibility band i~ interrupted by full leng~h air pDckets 36 which in~rease the rigidity of the structure when in~lated.
A wide va~iety of con~truct~on materials can be used for the breathing device~ of the present in~ention. Particularly ~atisfactory are polymer~c films, ~uch as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, fluoLopolymer~ and ~olyethylene terephthalate. Such film~ a~e paeticularly ufieful in forming the in~latable outer chamber. Heat re~i~tant ~ater~als such as polyimide , - , ~, ... -.: , : ' : - . .
. , ., :.
.
,:.' ", . ~ ' ~ilm6 are preferably used for the exterlor wall of the breathing de~ice. Tho6e film~ commerc~ally availa~le from E. I. du Pont de Nemour6 and Company a~ ~apto~*
~olyi~ide films have been found to be particularly sa~isfactory. The e~terior surface o~ the breathing devic~ san be metalized ~or further h~a~ reflectivity, using technique~ well known ~n the art.
~he breathing de~ice~ of t~e pre~e~t invention provide ~everal advantageæ over similar ~- 10 device~ previoufily known in the art. The present deviceæ per~it, through the inflatable outer cha~ber, a con~tant volu~e while the wearer i~ breathing.
Moeeover, with ~he carbon dioxide re~oval ~eans ~: integrated into the breathing device, upon ; 15 discsnnecti~g the device fro~ th~ ga~ ~upply, ~axi~um util~zation of the oxygen ~ the ga~ contained within the h~od can be obtained. ~ithout the CO ~e~o~al ~; 2 eans, ~he available oxyge~ ca~ be ut~lized to a su~6tantially les6er eYtent, with increa~ing build-up of ~ar~on dioxide.
. The b~eathing deviees o~ t~e pre~ent invention ca~ be u~ed in a ~ide variety of application~, includi~g ai~craft cabi~ interior~, hoseital~, ana residential and commercial interio~6.
~- 25 When u~ed i~ con3unction ~ith a ga~ ~ource, ~uch a~
:. tho~e available on an aircraft, the user can ~reathe in a toxic ~ume environment or in a decompre~sion ieuation for virtually un~i~ited period~ of ti~e.
Upon di~connection from a ga~ ~ourse, u~ to about 45 ~nute6 of breathable and u~able ai with the carbon dioxide Eemoval ~eans, are available.
The p~Q~ent hood~ can be ~afely storQd for ~xtended period~ without deterioration of their : operatin~ capabil3t~. However, it ~ pr~ferred tha~
$he hood~ be 6tored in a sealed containe~ to i~sulate the devices fro~ changes in ~nvi~onmenta} conditio~s.
* denotes trade mark . 6 ,. .:
.. .. . ..
~:; . , - , .. . .
; . . . - : . , . . , " :
. .
6~
The E?~e~en~ appa~atu~ makes mo~e effective u~e of the oxygen sllpply ~y8tem8 sur~ently in place on commercial aiccra~t for deco~p~e~sion ~rotection. The oxyge~ ma~ks pre~riou~ly provlded on airc~af e p~ovide 5 the u~ec with a mixture of oxygen and ambient air, ~hile the ~re~en~ device~ provide the user with a ~ub~tantially pure oacygen îo~ deco~pre63ion a~ ~ell as ~moke protection. ~Poreover, ~che present in~ren~cion does r~o~c requile a pump OE pressure ~ource Sor operation of the C02 removal mean~ once the hood ha~
been f itted.
-., :. , -- ~
,
Backaround of the Invention A continuing concern for the airCa~t indu~ry i8 apparatu~ for the protection o pa~sengers again~ either decompre~ion in flight OL ~oxic fumes r2sulting f lOm on-board fire~. Previously, oxygen ~asks and other apparatu~ have been p~ovided for pa~enger use. However, previou~ apearatus do not satisfy the need for individual smoke protection of 30 ~inute~ o~ more, and the ~ize and weight o~ apparatu~
previou~ly available has liJni~ed its use in aircraft.
Typically the ratio of e~uipment poundage to minute~
of protection was on the order of 1:0.5 to 1:3. I~
additionO ~uch o~ the equiement previously available for decompce~sion or toxic ~ume erotectio~ i8 ~ ~omplicated to u~e and might be of limited value to an : ~ ai~raft pa6senger i~ an eme~gency ~ituation.
Ac~ordingly, a contirauing need ~Xi6tE~ for an un~om~licated, light-weight appara~u~ that will : provide extended protection again~t toxic fume~ in an aircraft environment. Si~ila ly, a need exi~ts for uch a~ apparatu~ in a variety of other application~
` such as hotel~ and hospital~ in ~hich it may be - ~ ~5 necsssary to e~cape from a ~moke-filled environment with an appara~u6 that provides at least about 30 mihutes o~ breathable air for the user.
~ummarv Qf the Invention The pr~6ent invention provides an improved apparatus ~or protection again~t decompre~6ion and . toxic fume~, particularly in an airc~aft environment, which permit~ more complete uti~ization of available : oxygen.
Specifically, the ~n~tant inventio~ provide~
a breathing device having an inner chamber and an ~' .
.
inflatable outer chamber concantric with and su~roundiAg the inner chamber, the inner and outer chamberfi being adapted to ~urround the head o a wearer;
a ga~ re~ervoir;
a ga~ inlet leading to the outer chamber and a valve pe~itting ga~ to flow ~rom the vuter chamber to the re~ervoir; and -~ a ~a~ageway to pe~mît ~as to ~low betwee~
the re6ervoir and the inne~ cha~be~ ~hrough a C02 removal m2ans, the outer chamber being inf latable to a rigidity 6ufficient to maintain subs~antially con6tant volume :~: of the inner chamber while the wearer i~ breathinq.
Brief De~crie~ion of the Dra~in~
: Fig. 1 is a cro6s-~ectional view o~ a ~reathing device of the pr~ent ~llvention having a C2 rel40val ~ean~ a eircumfereAtial configu~altio~
-~ ~urrounding the nec~ of the wearer.
Fig. 2 i~ a cro~ eetional view of a breathing ~ev~ ce of a pre~en~c invention whe~ein the C2 remo-tal D~lean6 iç~ po~itioned ad jaeent ~co the gas .~ inlet.
Fig. 3 i~ a elanar viaw of the details of con~truction that can be used for oche inflatable outer eha~ber of the ~ ~re~en~c device~.
- ~ petailed De~criptiorl of the Inv ntion ; The pre6ent invention provide6 a breat~ing device having concentric inner and outer chamber~.
The outer chamber i8 in~latable to a rigidity ~uffici0nt to maintain a ~ub~tantially con~ant volume of the inner chamber while the wearer i~ breathing.
The device al~o includes a reservoir connec~ed to the inner chamber by way of a carbon dioxide re~oval means.
: 35 ~ .
:
..
. " : ~ -,. ~ ~., ' ,'. ' ' ,.,. . ' ~ .
~ . . .
~ , . . . .
. , .
A ~ide variety of material~ can be used for C2 re~oval. Thefie include, fo~ example, alkali me~al hydroxides and oxides and ~odium carbonate. Of the~e, ~he lîthium and ~odium ~alt~ are pfe~erred, and lithium hydroxide in ear~iculate form is palticularly preferEed. In addition, C02 ab60lbants in liquid or gel ~oEm can be used. The quantity of C02 ab~orbant ~' used ~i~l vary according to ~he ab~orbant selected and the capacity of the hood. In general, about ~rom 50 ~o 500 grams can be u~ed in the pre~ent invention. It has baen ~hown tha~ about fro~ 3 to 4 gram~ o$ lithium hydroxide ara required fo~ re~oval of ca~bon dioxide during each mim~te of closed circuit breathing in an environment of ~ub~tantially pure oxygen. P~eferably, about fcom 75 to 150 gram~ of C02 absorbant are used ~; in the pre~ent device~.
The C02 removal mean~ can be integrated ~::. into the pre~ent breathing device in a wide variety of onfigurations. The C0~ re~oral mean~ can be :~ 20 oon~ained in a 6epa~ate chamber positioned, ~or ~: example, a~ a ring around the neck of the ~earer. In i~ another embodi~ent, the C02 removal ~ean~ can be exterior to the remainder of the hood ~tructure, fo~
~: example, in a compa~t~ent, cani~ter or hose adjacent ~: 25 to the inlet. ~he positioning of the C02 removal ~ean~ exterior to the hood pezmit~ the replace~ent or ~enewal of the C02 ~emoval mean~ for reuse of the hood.
In aacordance with:a prefer~ed embodiment of the present i~vention, a brea~hing device i6, provided : which aonsi6t2 of thrae concent~ic chambers, the chambers ~eing de~ignated a~ an inner chamber, an inflatable oute~ chamber and a re~ervoir. The inner chamber i~ ne~ted within the inflatable cha~ber which i~ ne6ted within the re6ervolr. In the operation of : 3 .
', ~ ' : . . .
~2~
.. the breathing device, gas i8 ~a~ed from an outside source, such as the fresh air and/or oxygen ~upply on an aircraft, to ~he inflatable outec chamber of the brea~hi~g dev~ce. The outer chamber i8 in~latable to a rigidity ~uf~icie~t to maintain substantially constant volume of the inner chamber within the : breathing device while ~he wearee i~ bLeathing.
A ~alved mechani6m i8 provided to per~it pas6age of the ga6, whether freRh air, oxygen enriched air, or pure oxygen, f rom the outer chamber to the re~ervoir. A passage i~ al60 provided f rom the re~ecvoir, through a C02 re~oval mean~0 to the inner -~ chamber. Accordingly, with the breathing of the ~earer, oxygen and~oe air ~8 deawn only,fEom the rsservoir. In thig ~arlner, the inflatable outer :~ ~ char~ber ~ ~ kept at ~ub~antially constant volume while the wearer i~ breathing.
~: In the breathi~g cycle, inhala~ion by the :~ wearer draw~ air ~Lom ~he reserYor, throush the C02 removal mean~ and into the inner chamber. ~he :~ exhaling pre~6ure o~ the wearer focce6 exhaust air through the carbon dioxide ab~orber, and back to the reservoir.
The invention can be more clearly unde~6tood .-: 25 by ceference to the drawings, in w~ich l~ke numbers : are u~ed ~or like elements in ~he f igures .
In ~igure 1, ga~ ig ~upplied through inlet 1, from a ~ource, not ~ho~n. of re~h air, oxygen, or both, to inflatable outer chamber 2, surrounding the head of the wearer. When the inflatable outer chamber i8 sub6tantially fully inflated, the ga6 pas~e6 through valve 3 into re6er~0ir 4, he~e ~hown a6 an ~ addit~onal outer concentric chamber. Inhaling o~ the : wearer causes flo~ ~rom the reservoir through C02 :; 35 eemoval ~ean~ 5 to inner cha~ber 6. ~xhaling by tAe .
~ .
''~ ' .
~, . , : , . . . . - -' , ' ~ . . ~
.
~ . . :
, - . ~
s . wearer cau6e~ pas~age of exhaufit brea~ back through the C02 removal meang and to the reserYvir. The C2 removal ~ean~ is hers illus~rated a~ an annular Ling, containing C02 ab~orbant 7, through which the - 5 air is cir~ulated in it~ pas~age between the reGervoir and the inner chamber. The hood is also provided wi~h annular nec~ ~eal 8.
Another e~bodiment of the invention i~
- illu6tr~ted in Pigure 2, in ~hich the C02 r2moval ~ean~ i~ exterior to the lnner, outler and re~ervoic element~ ~urrounding the head of the wearer, and i6 ~ n the form of cani~ter 21 containing C02 absorbant 22.
: The outer chamber i6 inflatable to a ~igidity - ~ufficient to ~aintain ~ubstantially con~tant inte~nal volume while the wearer i~ breathing. A typical con~truction whi~h can be used f or this ~unctio~
~llustrated in Figure ~ which the re6ervoir i6 ~abricated from two lay~rs o~ ther~oplastie ~aterial 31 and 32, ~he ~wo layer~ being heat sealed at ~eam6 ~: 20 33 ~o provide a plurality of pockets 34 having upper and lo~er poction~ 34A and 34B. Alternat~vely, the . ~heet~ can be adhe~ively bonded a~ eequiced. The area between the upper and lo~e~ portions i~ ~ealed together to provida ~i6ibility band 35. The 2S vi~ibility band i~ interrupted by full leng~h air pDckets 36 which in~rease the rigidity of the structure when in~lated.
A wide va~iety of con~truct~on materials can be used for the breathing device~ of the present in~ention. Particularly ~atisfactory are polymer~c films, ~uch as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, fluoLopolymer~ and ~olyethylene terephthalate. Such film~ a~e paeticularly ufieful in forming the in~latable outer chamber. Heat re~i~tant ~ater~als such as polyimide , - , ~, ... -.: , : ' : - . .
. , ., :.
.
,:.' ", . ~ ' ~ilm6 are preferably used for the exterlor wall of the breathing de~ice. Tho6e film~ commerc~ally availa~le from E. I. du Pont de Nemour6 and Company a~ ~apto~*
~olyi~ide films have been found to be particularly sa~isfactory. The e~terior surface o~ the breathing devic~ san be metalized ~or further h~a~ reflectivity, using technique~ well known ~n the art.
~he breathing de~ice~ of t~e pre~e~t invention provide ~everal advantageæ over similar ~- 10 device~ previoufily known in the art. The present deviceæ per~it, through the inflatable outer cha~ber, a con~tant volu~e while the wearer i~ breathing.
Moeeover, with ~he carbon dioxide re~oval ~eans ~: integrated into the breathing device, upon ; 15 discsnnecti~g the device fro~ th~ ga~ ~upply, ~axi~um util~zation of the oxygen ~ the ga~ contained within the h~od can be obtained. ~ithout the CO ~e~o~al ~; 2 eans, ~he available oxyge~ ca~ be ut~lized to a su~6tantially les6er eYtent, with increa~ing build-up of ~ar~on dioxide.
. The b~eathing deviees o~ t~e pre~ent invention ca~ be u~ed in a ~ide variety of application~, includi~g ai~craft cabi~ interior~, hoseital~, ana residential and commercial interio~6.
~- 25 When u~ed i~ con3unction ~ith a ga~ ~ource, ~uch a~
:. tho~e available on an aircraft, the user can ~reathe in a toxic ~ume environment or in a decompre~sion ieuation for virtually un~i~ited period~ of ti~e.
Upon di~connection from a ga~ ~ourse, u~ to about 45 ~nute6 of breathable and u~able ai with the carbon dioxide Eemoval ~eans, are available.
The p~Q~ent hood~ can be ~afely storQd for ~xtended period~ without deterioration of their : operatin~ capabil3t~. However, it ~ pr~ferred tha~
$he hood~ be 6tored in a sealed containe~ to i~sulate the devices fro~ changes in ~nvi~onmenta} conditio~s.
* denotes trade mark . 6 ,. .:
.. .. . ..
~:; . , - , .. . .
; . . . - : . , . . , " :
. .
6~
The E?~e~en~ appa~atu~ makes mo~e effective u~e of the oxygen sllpply ~y8tem8 sur~ently in place on commercial aiccra~t for deco~p~e~sion ~rotection. The oxyge~ ma~ks pre~riou~ly provlded on airc~af e p~ovide 5 the u~ec with a mixture of oxygen and ambient air, ~hile the ~re~en~ device~ provide the user with a ~ub~tantially pure oacygen îo~ deco~pre63ion a~ ~ell as ~moke protection. ~Poreover, ~che present in~ren~cion does r~o~c requile a pump OE pressure ~ource Sor operation of the C02 removal mean~ once the hood ha~
been f itted.
-., :. , -- ~
,
Claims (10)
1. A breathing device having:
an inner chamber, the inner chamber being of sufficient volume to be placed around the head of a wearer and having an neck seal near the bottom thereof to fit around the neck of the wearer; and an inflatable outer chamber concentric with and surrounding the inner chamber, the outer chamber having interior and exterior walls, and the inner chamber being defined by the interior wall of the inflatable outer chamber;
a gas reservoir;
a gas inlet to receive gas and leading to the outer chamber and a valve permitting gas to flow from the outer chamber to the reservoir; and a passageway connected to reservoir and the inner chamber to permit gas to flow between the reservoir and the inner chamber through a CO2 removal means;
the outer chamber being inflatable to a rigidity sufficient to maintain substantially constant volume of the inner chamber while the wearer is breathing.
an inner chamber, the inner chamber being of sufficient volume to be placed around the head of a wearer and having an neck seal near the bottom thereof to fit around the neck of the wearer; and an inflatable outer chamber concentric with and surrounding the inner chamber, the outer chamber having interior and exterior walls, and the inner chamber being defined by the interior wall of the inflatable outer chamber;
a gas reservoir;
a gas inlet to receive gas and leading to the outer chamber and a valve permitting gas to flow from the outer chamber to the reservoir; and a passageway connected to reservoir and the inner chamber to permit gas to flow between the reservoir and the inner chamber through a CO2 removal means;
the outer chamber being inflatable to a rigidity sufficient to maintain substantially constant volume of the inner chamber while the wearer is breathing.
2. A breathing device of claim 1 wherein the CO2 removal means is disposed within a ring around the neck of the wearer.
3. A breathing device of claim 1 wherein the CO2 removal means is in a container exterior to the body of the breathing device.
4. A breathing device of claim 1 comprising about from 50 to 500 grams of CO2 removal means and wherein the CO2 removal means is selected from alkalai metal hydroxides and oxides and sodium carbonate.
5. A breathing device of claim 4 wherein the CO2 removal means consists essentially of lithium hydroxide.
6. A breathing device of claim 4 comprising about from 75-150 grams of particulate CO2 removal means.
7. A breathing device of claim 1 wherein the reservoir comprises a chamber concentric with and exterior to the inflatable outer chamber.
8. A breathing device of claim 1 wherein the valve is a one way valve and is positioned in the exterior wall of the outer chamber.
9. A breathing device of claim 2 wherein the ring has a circumferential cavity therein in which the CO2 removal means is disposed, and passageways connect the cavity to the reservoir in the inner chamber.
10. A breathing device of claim 3 wherein the container has passageways respectively connected to the reservoir in the inner chamber to facilitate the flow gas through the CO2 removal means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71067185A | 1985-03-12 | 1985-03-12 | |
| US710,671 | 1985-03-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1276857C true CA1276857C (en) | 1990-11-27 |
Family
ID=24855031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000503480A Expired - Lifetime CA1276857C (en) | 1985-03-12 | 1986-03-06 | Decompression and toxic fume protection apparatus |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0197641B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61206465A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1276857C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3667028D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2582524B1 (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1989-01-13 | Air Liquide | PROTECTIVE HOOD AGAINST FUMES AND HYPOXIA |
| GB8814786D0 (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1988-07-27 | Bp Oil Ltd | Protective hood |
| GB9119441D0 (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1991-10-23 | Richards Brian J | Breathing apparatus |
| US9636527B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-05-02 | B/E Aerospace, Inc. | Protective breathing apparatus inhalation duct |
| KR101894203B1 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-08-31 | 이일형 | Air inflatable type hood for respiratory |
| KR102320157B1 (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-11-01 | 박해영 | Neck pillow positive pressure head shield |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE647560C (en) * | 1937-07-07 | Jean Marie Guy Giraudet De Bou | Gas protection hood | |
| FR1599791A (en) * | 1968-10-16 | 1970-07-20 | ||
| US3565068A (en) * | 1969-02-07 | 1971-02-23 | Automatic Sprinkler Corp | Breathing apparatus |
| FR2220133A5 (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1974-09-27 | Delest Rene | |
| US3906945A (en) * | 1974-04-29 | 1975-09-23 | Ato Inc | Endothermal carbon dioxide absorption |
| US3976063A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1976-08-24 | The Bendix Corporation | Escape breathing apparatus |
| US4164218A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1979-08-14 | Midori Anzen Company, Ltd. | Personal escape breathing apparatus |
-
1986
- 1986-02-21 EP EP19860301282 patent/EP0197641B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-21 DE DE8686301282T patent/DE3667028D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-06 CA CA000503480A patent/CA1276857C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-11 JP JP5159286A patent/JPS61206465A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0197641B1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| EP0197641A1 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
| JPS61206465A (en) | 1986-09-12 |
| DE3667028D1 (en) | 1989-12-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |