CA1275233C - Method for lining pipe lines - Google Patents
Method for lining pipe linesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1275233C CA1275233C CA 539707 CA539707A CA1275233C CA 1275233 C CA1275233 C CA 1275233C CA 539707 CA539707 CA 539707 CA 539707 A CA539707 A CA 539707A CA 1275233 C CA1275233 C CA 1275233C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lining material
- pipe line
- binder
- lining
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Abstract
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
TITLE: A METHOD FOR LINING PIPE LINES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for lining pipe lines used for transporting city water, gas, petroleum or the like fluids. In a conven-tional evagination-lining method for lining pipe lines which comprises inserting a flexible tubular lining material provided on the inner surface thereof with a binder into a pipe line, with the front end of the lining material being fixed annularly to one end of the pipe line to form a turning point of evagination, and allowing the lining material to advance within the pipe line while moving the turning point of evagination forwards from one end to the other end of the pipe line to turn the tubular lining material inside out under fluid pressure thereby applying the evaginated lining material onto the inner surface of the pipe line over its full length with the binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular lining material being interposed between the pipe line and the lining material, the present invention is characterized in that an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the forwardly moving turning point of evagination is fully filled with water and that a binder of reaction-curing type capable of reacting with water to initiate curing is used as the binder, whereby the binder on the inner surface of the lining material is continuously brought into contact and react with water as the turning point of evagination moves forwards, and the binder on the outer surface of the evaginated tubular lining material is interposed and cured between the pipe line and the lining material to bond them firmly under the fluid pressure.
TITLE: A METHOD FOR LINING PIPE LINES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for lining pipe lines used for transporting city water, gas, petroleum or the like fluids. In a conven-tional evagination-lining method for lining pipe lines which comprises inserting a flexible tubular lining material provided on the inner surface thereof with a binder into a pipe line, with the front end of the lining material being fixed annularly to one end of the pipe line to form a turning point of evagination, and allowing the lining material to advance within the pipe line while moving the turning point of evagination forwards from one end to the other end of the pipe line to turn the tubular lining material inside out under fluid pressure thereby applying the evaginated lining material onto the inner surface of the pipe line over its full length with the binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular lining material being interposed between the pipe line and the lining material, the present invention is characterized in that an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the forwardly moving turning point of evagination is fully filled with water and that a binder of reaction-curing type capable of reacting with water to initiate curing is used as the binder, whereby the binder on the inner surface of the lining material is continuously brought into contact and react with water as the turning point of evagination moves forwards, and the binder on the outer surface of the evaginated tubular lining material is interposed and cured between the pipe line and the lining material to bond them firmly under the fluid pressure.
Description
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a method for lining pipe lines used for transporting city water, gas, petroleum or the like various fluids with the purpose of repair or re-inforcement of these pipe lines. ~50re particularly, the present invention relates to a method for lining pipe lines, especially underwater pipe lines, such as those laid on the bottom of sea, lake and river, wherein a flexible tubular lining material is applied onto the inner surface of such pipe lines by the action of a specific substance capable of functioning as a strong binder in water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a method for lining pipe lines used for transporting city water, gas, petroleum or the like various fluids with the purpose of repair or re-inforcement of these pipe lines. ~50re particularly, the present invention relates to a method for lining pipe lines, especially underwater pipe lines, such as those laid on the bottom of sea, lake and river, wherein a flexible tubular lining material is applied onto the inner surface of such pipe lines by the action of a specific substance capable of functioning as a strong binder in water.
2. Description of the Prior ~rt:
From the past, a variety of methods have been proposed as a means for lining pipe lines. In U.S. Patent 3,381,718, for example, there is disclosed a method for lining concrete pipe lines, especially those ~or sewers through which a corrosive liquid is passed, wherein an acid- and alkali-resisting plastic sheet is applied onto the inner s~rfaca of the concrete pipe lines. This plastic sheet is a laminate comprised of a fabric of a fibrous material such as cotton, synthetic fibers or glass wool overlaid with-a vinyl chloride resin according to a calendering, coating or the like means, and is shaped in a tubular orm. In this patent wherein the plastic sheet is inserted into a concrete pipe line and then ~' . . . - . - . .
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' ' ~ - ' '.: ' ' ~7S~33 inflated for lining the pipe line, the method is trouble-some in its operation and is not suited for lining a long pipe lines. A binder used in this patent for bonding a tubular lining sheet to the pipe lines is an epoxy resin generally utilized in dry state (Col. 3, lines 7-13).
In U.S. Patent 4,009,063, there is disclosed a method for lining a pipe line having manholes with a hard rigid pipe of thermosetting resin. The pipe for lining used in this patent is manufactured by immersing a tubular fibrous felt in a resin to form a pipe comprising an impervious film on the inner side thereof and a curable resinous layer on the outer side thereo. An inflatable tube is inserted into the pipe and the tube is inflated in a pipe line to attain its lining with the pipe laid on the tube. This method is not suited as a method for lining pipe lines buried in the ground and cannot be used for lining long pipe lines, particularly those having bends. In this U.S. Patent, a polyester resin and an ordinary epoxy resin are used as general curing resins (Col. 10, lines 11-23).
As a method for lining pipe lines, there is also known a method which is carried out in such manner that a flexible lining material in the form of a tube previously pravided on the inner surface thereof with a binder is inserted into a pipe line and allowed to advance therein while turning the lining material inside out under fluid pressure whereby the lining material is bonded onto the inner surface of the pipe .
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1;~75~3~3 line by the aid of the binder. According to this method, it is unnecessary to dig up a pipe line over its full length and the method is operable simply by forrning manholes at both terminal ends of the pipe line to be treated. The lining work itself can be done within a short period of time even for a long pipe line and is applicable to the lining of a pipe line having a number of bends, thus being regarded as an excellent method in recent years (U.S. Patents 4,064,211, 4,368,091 and 4,334,943).
In the above mentioned U.S. Patent 4,064,211, there lS
disclosed the so-called evaginat1on-lining method wherein one end of a tubular lining material provided on the inner surface thereof with a binder is fastened and bonded in an evaginated state to one end of a pipe and a liquid is inserted from the other end of the pipe into the interior `
of the lining material whereby the lining material is allowed to advance within the pipe line by f1uid pressure while being turned inside out to attain lining o~ the pipe line. ~fter completion of the evagination-lining operation, a small tube is inserted into the lined pipe line and a warmed liquid is circulated to accelerate curing of the binder. In this method, the circulation operation of a warmea liquid after appIication of the lining material onto the inner surface of the pipe line is troublesome, a considerably large amount of the warmed liquid is required in case of lining a long _ ~ _ ,. ~, . ' ;, ,. :
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: : ' ~5~33 pipe line, and so the operation for circulation and warmth-keeping of such a large amount of the warmed liquid is very troublesome. In particular, it is difficult to bond the lining material completely onto the inner surface of the pipe line when thé pipe line is inclined or bent in vertical direction. An epoxy resin is disclosed in this U.S. patent as the binder used therein (Col. 3, lines S-6).
- The evagination-lining methods disclosed in the above-menti~ned U.S. Patents 4,368,091 and 4,334,~43 enable control of the fluid pressure required for evagination of the lining material by the aid of a pressure container, and concurrently adjustment of the amount of a binder to be supplied onto the inner surface of the lining material. The method disclosed in the latter mentioned patent is especially excellent in that the lining operation can be carried out, without forming any wrinkle on the lining material and forming any narrow path in bend portions of the pipe line, by adjusting the speed of the lining material in its advancing movement within the pipe line by the aid of a special evagination-inducing belt drawn from the opposite side of the pipe line. Since the binder used in this method is an epoxy resin, however, there is a problem in using this method for lining of a pipe line having a length as long as several thousand meters in view of a limited pot life of the binder to be used. ;
In principle, the evagination-lining method just mentioned . . . . .. . . .
~;~7~i~33 above is applicable to a pipe line irrespective of its length. Actually, however, the method is applicable to a pipe line having a length as long as several hundred meters but is hardly applicable directly to one having a length beyond 1,000 meters for the reasons above mentioned.
In case the lining treatment of a pipe line is carried out according to this method, the pipe line is usually subjected to a preliminary cleaning treatment wherein the inner surface of the pipe line is first treated with a scraper or the like device to remove any rust or tar thereon, washed with water or hot water and then dried prior to intro-duction of a tubular lining material. As the lining material and the pipe line are both air-impervious, any binder to be interposed therebetween must be free of any volatile substance.
Thus, a binder containing a volatile substance such as a binder of rubber type which is usually employed together with a solvent cannot be used for the lining treatment. Among ¦ -various binders now conventionally employed, therefore, any blnder other than those of reaction-curing type cannot be used for the purpose of the pipe-lining treatment. The use of a binder of such reaction-curing type is advantageous from another viewpoint that when the lining material is impregnated with a sufficiently large amount of the binder, the cured binder will form inside the lined pipe line a rigid resinous pipe made of the cured binder which may maintain the .:
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,. .: ~ -i2';~5~3 function as a flow path even if the bonding of the lining material to -the pipe line is par~ially insufficient or the pipe line itself is broken by external force. In case of carrying out the evagination-lining method using a binder of reaction-curing type such as an epoxy resin, the binder comprising reaction components is first prepared and applied onto the inner surface of a tubular lining material and thereafter the binder-applied lining material is introduced into the pipe line under evagination. The binder should not be cured during a series of these steps which usually take a considerable period of time. Furthermore, as a pipe line to be lined becomes longer, it takes a longer time to apply the binder onto the lining material and to introduce the binder-applied lining material into the pipe line over its full length. In such case, therefore, the binder should have sufficiently longer pot life. However, a binder having a -longer pot life usually requires a longer time for completion of its curing, and as the result, an extremely longer time is~ -needed for completion of the whole lining treatment.
Under such circumstances, European Laid-open Patent Appln. No. 155,406 discloses the use o~ a precurable acrylic binder by photopolymerization is proposed as a binder applied onto the inner surface of the lining material without using any warming medium for curing the binder. According to the method disclosed in the specification of this application, -- 7 ~
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75~33 the evagination-lining treatment is carried out using as a binder a curable resin containing a catalyst which can initiate polymerization by radiation of actinic light, and at the same time, irradiated light is introduced into the lining material to cause earlier curing. In this method, however, it is troublesome to introduce irradiated light into the innermost part of the lining material applied to a long pipe line. Further, a light having a specific wave length capable of exciting the catalyst is necessary in this method, thus making it practically unattractive.
In the conventional evagination-lining methods, the length of a pipe line capable of being treated at a time is usually limited to about 200 300 meters or the reasons above mentioned. In case of treating a longer pipe line, e.g. a pipe line having a length of more than 1000 meters,therefore, there would be no way but to repeat the treatment carried out -for a section of the pipe line having a length of 200-300 meters. If the pipe line to be lined is exposed or buried in the ground, it may be easy to repeat such partial lining ~reatment until the pipe line is lined over its full length.
In case of lining a pipe line laid on the bottom of sea, lake or river, such as transriver or transbay pipe lines, however, repeating of such partial lining treatment accompanies a number of technical difficulties. In view of the above situations, there is a great demand for developing an improved :. . ~
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BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an o~ject of the present invention to provide a method for lining pipe lines, especially underwater pipe lines having a length in the order of thousand meters.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for lining long pipe lines without necessity of any after-treatment for curing the binder used.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for lining long pipe lines rapidly in a simple manner without taking the pot life of the used binder into consideration.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent more fully from the following description.
As a result of extensive researches made for developing a new improved evagination-lining method applicable to a rapid lining treatment of extremely long pipe lines in a simple manner without any particular consideration on the pot life of a binder to be used, it has now been found that when an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the front end of the .introduced tubular lining material forming a turning point g , ., " " : , . .' .'''. ' ' ' :, 5;~
of evagination where evagination of the lining materia]
occurs is filled with water and when a substance capable of reacting with water to form a binder is used for the binder (i.e. the use of a binder of a reaction-curing type), the lining treatment can be carried out even for an extremely long pipe line without causing any premature curing of the binder used or without necessity of any after-treatment such as warming the lined pipe line for curing the binder.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for lining pipe lines which comprises inserting a tubular lining material with a binder on the inner surface thereof into a pipe line, with the ~ront end of the lining material being fixed annularly to one end of the pipe line to form a turning point of evagination, and allowing the lining material to advance within the pipe line while moving the turning point of evagination forwards from one end to the other end of the pipe line to turn the tubular lining material inside out under fluid pressure thereby applying the evaginated linin~ material onto the inner surface of the pipe line over its full length with the binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular llning material being interposed between the pipe line and the lining material, characterized in that an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the forwardly moving turning point of evagination is fully filled with water and , . ..
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~L27~33 that a binder of reaction-curing type capable of reacting with water to initiate curing is used as the binder, whereby the binder on the inner surface of the lining material is continuously brought into contact and react with water as the turning point of evagination moves forwards, and the binder on the outer surface of the evaginated tubular lining material is interposed and cured between the pipe line and the lining material to bond them firmly under the fluid pressure.
The lining method of the present invention has various features as compared with the conventional similar lining methods wherein an ordinary resinous binder such as an epoxy resin is used as a binder of reaction-curing type.
One of the features of the method of this invention resides in the use of a specific binder which has no binding action in normal state but is converted by the reaction with water into a rapidly curable binder. Another feature of the method of this invention resides in the point that an unlined portion of the pipe line is fully filled with water. Accordingly, the specific binder on the inner surface of the tubular lining material is brought at the turning point of evagination into contact for the first time with water a~d is reacted there with it to form an epoxy binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular lining material. Thus, the method of this invention is distinguished by such merit that it is . .
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~75~33 applica~le to long pipe lines, especially those laid on the bottom of sea, lake or river without any consideration on the pot life of the binder used.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IN_ENTION
The lining method of this invention can be applied to any kind of pipe lines such as city water pipe lines, sewage pipes, gas conduits, petroleum pipe lines, and pipe lines for power transmission wires, telecommunication cables, etc.
These pipe lines may be made of various kinds of materials, such as steel,copper, various alloys, concrete, ceramics, glass and rigid resinous materials.
The tubular lining~materials used for the purpose of repairing or reinforcing the pipe lines should be so flexible that they can be evaginated under fluid pressure, and so are generally selected from tubular textile jackets and flexible plastic tubes. The use of tubular textile jackets is preferable which are commercially available and usually manu~actured by weaving warps and a weft in a seamless tubular form. Fibrous materials for the warps and the weft may be of inorganic nature, such as asbestos or glass, in addition to natural and synthetic fibers such as cotton, polyamide, polyester or polyurethane fibers. On actual use, the tubular lining material should be free of any water or moisture which causes undesirable premature curing of the binder. These tubular lining materials are properly selected according to ~ 12 -:, : . - , ~: . . ' ' , ' ' '5233 the nature of a 1uid to be passed through the pipe line and strength or resistance required for repalr or reinforce~
ment of the pipe line.
The ~inder used in the method of this invention is chiefly selected from two-component binders of epoxy series which become reactive only when brought into contact with water. Such binders are generally comprised of an epoxy compound as a main ingredient and a ketimine or aldoimine derivative of a diamine or polyamine as a curing ingredient.
Examples of the epoxy compounds include a liquid diglycidyl ether o~ bis-phenol type, an alicyclic epoxy compound, an epoxy compound of phenol or cresol novolac type, a glycidyl ester of phthalic acid, an epoxy compound of ~-methyl-epichlorohydrin type, an epoxy compound of a dimer acid type and an epoxy compound of a polyglycoI type. Besides these epoxy compounds, various epoxy compounds are known and commercially available. Any of these epoxy compounds can be used for the method of this invention in combination with a suitable curing ingredient. The ketimine or aldoimine derivative of a diamine or polyamine used as the curing ingredient is prepared by a dehydrocondensation reaction between the diamine or polyamine and a keto~e or aldehyde. In this case, the dehydrocondensation reaction takes place between a primary or secondary am~ino group o~ the diamine or polyamine and a ketone or aldehyde group o~ the ketone or aldehyde compound (R ~CO
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or H`>CO) wherein R and ~' are alkyl groups which may be the same : ~ ` ' ` . ~. , , , .
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ordifEerent~ so that the resultant ketimine or ~ldoimine derivative has a grouping R ~C - N- or ~> C = N- in the molecule. The ketimine or aldoimine derivatives prepared by ketimination or aldoimination of a diamine or polyamine may be regarded as a diamine or polyamine having protected amino groups and are now commercially available. For example, Epicure H-l, H-2, H-3, H-5, H-5S and H-6 (Shell), Araldite HY-831 and 833 (Ciba-Geigy), etc. can be used as a ketimine derivative of a polyamine. A base amine of these ketimine or aldoimine derivatives is an aliphatic diamine or polyamine or an aliphatic aromatic diamine or polyamine. The use of a ketimine derivative derived from an aliphatic diamine or polyamine having a long chain and aromat-ic ring(s), such as Epicure H-5 or H-6 is pre~erable since such derivative affords a binder coat possessing good adhesion and flexibility. Since these ketimine or aldoimine derivatives of diamines and polyamines have no reactive free amino gxoup, these derivatives are not reactive with the epoxy compounds even if both ingredients are mixed. Thus, a mixture of the epoxy compound ~`
and such ketimine or aldomine derivative shows an extremely long pot life because of the absence of any active free amino group. When such ketimine or aldomine derivatives are brought into contact with water, however, these derivative undergo hydrolysis,whereby the ketone or aldehyde group protecting the amino group is split off to form a mixture of the base * Trade Mark - 14 -, .
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':' '. ' ' ' ~ ' ' . , 5~;33 diamine or polyamine functioning as a curing ingredient for epoxy compounds at an ambient temperature and the corresponding ketone or aldehyde compound usually selected at the time of preparing the derivative as being soluble in water. Thus, the binder used in the method of this invention an be considered as a binder precursor and is converted in the presence of water into a binder. It is a matter of course that the binder of this invention should be free of water or be separated from water until it is used for the lining treatment. In the binder, the epoxy compound and the ketimine or aldomine derivative are mixed with each other in stoichio-metrical amounts.
Besides the modified epoxy binders as mentioned above, certain kinds of modified silicone series and of urethane series are known to be capable of reacting with water to initiate curing. The binder used in the method of this invention may suitably be selected from these modified binders.
The flexible tubular lining material used in the method of this invention is usually provided on its`external surface with a gas-impervious resinous coating which, after evagination of the tubular lining material, forms a coating on the inner surface thereof and so has to be chemically resistant to a fluid to be passed through the pipe line.
In general, natural or synthetic rubber, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane or the like is used as a material for the coating.
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~L275~3 The fluid utilizable for allowing the inserted flexible tubular lining material to advance from one end to the other end of the pipe line should not be hazardous or corrosive to the lining material. Usually, an inert medium such as air, nitrogen, water or the like is used under pressure to push the turning point of evagination forwards. Thus, the fluid is compulsorily pressurized and introduced into the lining material by pumping. In case the fluid is water, its pressure may be produced by its own gravity, for example, by installing a water tank at an elevated position. The fluid pressure is suitably controlled so that the tubular lining material may be allowed to advance within the pipe line at a moderate speed.
The present invention can more fully be understood from the following description taken in conjunction with accompany-ing drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a pipe line showing the state of annularly fixing one end of a tubular lining material to one end of a pipe line according to the method of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section view of a pipe line showing the proceeding of the lining treatme^nt according to this invention using air as a pressurizing fluid.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section view of a pipe line showing the same lining treatment as shown in Fig. 2 except .
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' ,33 that water is used as a pressurizing fluid.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a lining treatment for a pipe line laid on the bottom of sea according to the method of this invention.
Throughout the drawings, each reference numeral has commonly the same meaning.
Referring to Fig. 1 showing a longitudinal section of a pipe line together with an induction pipe which is temporarily connected to the pipe line by means of a flange or a bolt and nut connector. A plpe line 1 is opened at both ends to form an entrance and an exit for a lining material. A flexible tubular lining material 2 having on the inner surface thereof a binder 3 is introduced into the pipe line 1 through the entrance thereof. In order to apply the binder 3 onto the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2, a proper amount of the binder is injected into the interior space of the lining material from its front end, and thereafter the lining material charged with the binder is allowed to pass through a pair of nip rolls and wound on a reel whereby the binder is squeezed and spread on the whole inner surface of the lining material. Alternatively, the tubular linlng material previously charged with the binder may be wound in flattened state once on a reel and then taken off at the time of the lining treatment. In a more simplified manner, the tubular lining material provided on the inner surface .
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~L~7~33 thereof with the binder may continuously be introduced as such into the pipe line for carrying out the lining treatment.
On injection of the binder into the interior space of the tubular lining material, it is preferable that the interior space be previously kept under reduced pressure to expel the air occupied therein. By this preliminary treatment, the lining material is effectively impregnated with the binder so that the adhesion strength between the lining material and the binder is enhanced, with an additional merit that any moisture Fontained in the lining material is eliminated to prevent any premature curing of the binder.
On introduction of the tubular lining material 2 in flattened state into the pipe line 1, the front end 4 of the lining material 2 is annularly fixed in evaginated state to the entrance 5 of the pipe line 1. Usually, the tubular lining material 2 is introduced into the pipe line 1 through an induction pipe 6 provided with a means for introducing a pressurized ~luid into the pipe line 1. Thus, the end of the pipe line I is bent rectangularly and is temporarily connected to the induction pipe 6 the front end of which is also bent rectangularly by means of a bolt and nut connector 7 which also serves ~o fix the evaginated front end 4 o~ the lining material 2 between the pipe line 1 and the induction pipe 6. In case a pressurized fluid such as compressed air is introduced into the pipe line 1 in this stake, the tubular .- , . . . . :
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lining material 2 is pushed forwards from the annularly fixed position by fluid pressure whereby the front end of the lining material 2 forms a turning point of evagination 8 where evagination of the tubular lining material takes place. In Fig. 1, the pushing force of the fluid pressure is shown by the arrow marks. In this manner, the turning point of evagination 8 is allowed to advance within the pipe line 1 by fluid pressure. The binder 3 applied onto the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2 is exposed at the turning point of evagination and then exists on the outer surface of the tubular lining material 2 with the proceeding of evagination.
Prior to the lining treatment, the inner surface of the pipe line is preferably cleaned by washing or by the ald of a scraper to remove any rust or tar on the inner surface.' As the binder used in the methocl of this invention is quite inactive in the absence of water, the pipe line has to be filled with water, after such optional cleaning treatment, to activate the binder. In case the pipe line is fully filled with water, a small amount of water will continuously be removed from the opposite end of the pipe line as an exit of water, as the turning point of evagination moves forwards within the pipe line under fluid pressure.
Fig. 2 shows as a longitudinal section view such , :`, , ., : ' ., , . `
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intermediate stage of the lining treatment according to the method of this invention using compressed air as the pressurized fluid. The interior space of an unlined portion of the pipe line 1 in front of the turning point of evagina-tion 8 is filled with water 9. The tubular lining material 2 provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 and introduced in flattened state into the pipe line 1, with the front end thereof being fastened in evaginated state to the entrance of the pipe line 1 is pushed forwards within the pipe line under the pressure of compressed air. In this case, th~ binder 3 is kept inactive while being on the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2 but is brought into contact with the water 9 at the forwardly moving turning point of evagination 8 and activated to form a true binder 3'.
After passing through the turning point of evagination 8, the activated binder 3' exists on the external surface of the tubular lining material 2 and is then pressed against the inner surface of the pipe line, as being interposed between the pipe line 1 and the lining material 2 under the fluid pressure produced by compressed air 10. The lining material 2 is strongly bonded to the inner surface of the pipe line 1 in this manner whereby the gas-impervious chemicals-resistant layer existed, before evagination, on the external surface of the tubular lining material now constitutes the innermost layer of the lined pipe line.
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~;~75~33 In Fig. 2, too, the direction of the force of fluid pressure acting on the tubular lining material is shown by the arrow marks.
The lining treatment of the pipe line 1 proceeds in this manner from one end (entrance) to the other end (exit) thereof by suitably controlling the pressure of the compressed air. At the stage where the turning point of evagination 8 moves forwards beyond the exit, the lining treatment is finished and both terminal ends of the pipe line 1 are properly treated, for example, by cutting off the marginal portions of the lining material to connect it to other pipe lines.
Fig. 3 shows as a longitudinal section vlew an intermediate stage of the lining treatment according to the method of this invention using water as the pressurized fluid. In this case, the lining treatment for the pipe line is carried out in the same manner as described with respect to Fig. 2 except that the compressed air as the pressurized fluid 10 is substituted by water 11 which can be pressurized by either pumping as in the case of air or its own gravity by positioning a reservoir of water in an elevated place. In case of utilizing the gravity of water for its pressurizing, the pressure can be controlled by suitably ad~usting the height level of the reservoir.
For carrying out the lining treatment for pipe lines ' ' ~ . .. '.
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according to the method of this invention, it is indispensable to fill the interior space of the pipe lines with water.
The binder on the inner surface of the lining material is brought into contact with the water at the turning point of evagination where the binder undergoes hydrolysis to form the activated binder and a compound protecting the amino group, for example, a ketone in case of using a ketimine derivative o a polyamine. A ~etone or the like compound formed by hydrolysis is usually soluble or miscible with water and gives no adverse effect on the activated binder.
Accordingly, the method of this invention is particularly useful for lining long pipe lines, especially those laid on the bottom of sea, lake or river, such as transbay, trans-channel or transriver pipe lines for transporting petroleum or water. In casé such a long underwater pipe line is super-annuated or damaged, it is extremely difficult technically and economically to replace such pipe line with a new one.
In such case, therefore, it is generally recommended to regenerate the function of such pipe line by lining it with a repairing or reinforcing tubular lining material. In case of a petroleum pipe line laid on the bottom of sea, the pipe line is usually filled with petroleum or water irrespective of whether the pipe line is actually used or not. This is due to the reason that when the underwater pipe line becomes empty, or in other words, it is filled with air, a great ' ' , -.
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' ' :' ' ,. ','' . - ,, 5~33 buoyant force will be acted on the whole or a part o~ the pipe line and cause floating in water or alternatively serious torsion or breakage even if the pipe line is fixed onto the bottom. Further, a conventional evagination-lining method for underground pipe lines cannot be applied to a long underwater pipe line for the reasons as discussed with respect to the prior arts. In case of lining an underground pipe line such as a gas conduit or sewage pipe, the conventional method can be applied to a section of such pipe line existing between manholes or having a length as long as 200-300 meters. In case of an underwater pipe line~ the evagination-lininc3 method cannot be applied thereto portion-wise since the underwater pipe line has a length of at least 1000 meters and the lining treatment therefor cannot be made portionwise. In addition, the use of a binder having a very long pot'life is necessary for lining such long pipe line at a time, and a considerable time is requirPd for an overall lining treatment in view of the necessity of a long period of time for curing a binder with a lon~ pot life as described hereinbefore with respect to the prior art.
However, it is quite impossible to circulate a hot liquid medium for warming and curing the binder in case of underwater pipe lines surrounded with water. However, a lining treatment for long underwater pipe lines under such conditions can easily be carried out according to the method of this invention ':
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~L~75;~3 wherein the pipe lines are previously filled with water and a special binder which is activated only when brought into contact with water is employed.
In Fig. 4 showing schematically a lining treatment for a long pipe line laid on the bottom of sea according to the method of this invention, a pipe line 1 is, for example, a transchannel long oil pipe line laid on the bottom of sea, both ends of which are exposed on the ground and connected to other pipe lines. This pipe line 1 is disconnected from the other pipe lines at its both ends 12 and 13 and any residual oil in the pipe line 1 is replaced with water. The pipe line 1 is subjected to a cleaning treatment to remove any rust, oil and tar on the inner surface thereof and is then filled with clari~ied water 9.
In this case, the cleaning treatment as a preliminary treatmen~ prior to the lining treatment is carried out preferably by not only passing a washing liquid but also using a s~raper or the like tool to remove any substance built up on the inner surface of the pipe line 1. A water column 14 is constructed by one end of the pipe line 1 on the land, for e~ample, for the end 13 which is then connected to the lower part or bottom of the water column 14 through an induction pipe as shown in Fig. 1 by the reference numeral 6. The height of the water columnl4 is pre~erably 10-20 meters at the top thereof from the sea level. A water .
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5~233 inlet 15 is provided at -the upper part or on the top of the column l~while the other end 12 of the pipe line 1 remains opened~ A flexible tubular lining material 2 shown in the figure simply as a single solid line is wound on a reel 16 prior to the lining treatment. Any of the materials employed hitherto for known conventional lining materials can be used for the tubular lining material _ of this inventlon, but a flexible textile jacket woven in a seamless tubular form having on the external surface thereof a gas-impervious film of a flexible synthetic resin is preferably used for this invention. In case of a tubular lining material ~or an oil transporting pipe line, the use of an elastic polyester resin is most preferable as having high oil-resisting property.
The tubular lining material 2 is reeled off and the binder 3 in an amount sufficient enough to be applied onto the inner surface of a pipe line to be lined is introduced into the interior space of the tubular lining material from its front end. It is preferable to evacuate the interior space of the tubular lining material prior to introduction of the binder thereinto whereby the tubular lining material is effectively impregnated with the binder to enhance bonding force between them and moisture contained in the tubular lining material is concurren~ly removed to prevent any premature curing of the binder. It is preferable in the subsequent treatment to keep under reduced pressure the interior space .
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~ ' ~. ' . -. . ' . ' 5~ 3 of the tubular lining material from the rear end thereof, i.e. the end of the lining material wound on the reel. The rear end of the tubular lining material may be connected to a belt or rope (not shown) which has a length at least equal to the length of a pipe line to be treated. In this case, the belt or rope is preferentially wound on the reel 16 so that the tubular lining material comes out~first.
After charging the interior space of the tubular lining material 2 with the binder 3 in an amount sufficient enough to be applied onto the inner surface of the pipe line 1 over its full length, an inflated portion 2' of $he tubular lining material enclosing the binder 3 as a reservoir thereof is placed on a roller conveyer 17, and the tubular lining material 2 is then closed in flattened state at the front end thereof and passed through a nip roll 18 to squeeze the reservoir for spreading the binder 3 uniformly over the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2. The flattened tubular lining material 2 provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 is passed between a pair of caterpillar belts 19 whereby the lining material 2 is compulsorily moved ~orwards. The lining material 2 is allowed to ascend to the top of a water column 14 by the action of a roller conveyer 20 and is then allowed to descend through water to the bottom of the column 14~ The lining material 2 is drawn out from the bottom of the column 14 and is then introduced into an oil -, : ' . ' ' ,~ - ''' ', . ', . ' : : ' ..
. . - :' . . ' ', . . .
' ' .' ,' ~ :' ' ''. . ''' . ' ''" ~', 12'7S~33 pipe line as the pipe line 1 laid on the bottom of sea in such manner that an induction pipe is connected between the bottom of the water column 14 and the pipe line 1 and the tubular lining material 2 is annularly fixed in evaginated state to the joint portion 21 between the front end of -the induction pipe 6 and the rear end of the pipe line 1 as shown in Fig. 1. Although the lining treatment is carried out in Fig. 4 while applying the binder 3 onto the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2, the lining treatment may be carried out by winding the tubular lining material 2 previously provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 on the reel 16 and supplying the tubular lining material 2 drawn out from the reel directly to the water column _.
Wate~ is supplied to the water column 14 through the inlet 15 positioned in the upper portion thereof and reaehed to the front end of the tubular lining material 2 annularly fastened in evaginated state to the joint portion 21 whereby the water pressure in accordance with the water level in the water column 14 can be applied to the front end of the tubular lining material 2 moving forwards while being evaginated.
The water pressure pushes forwards the turning point of evagination 8 within the pipe line where the tubular lining material 2 in flattèned state provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 is evaginated to expose the binder 3 .
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i~7~iZ33 to water, as shown in Fig. 2. The movement of the tubular lining material 2 in this case is shown by the arrow mark in Fig. 2. The water pressure may be produced by pumping water instead of using head pressure of water from the water column 14. By continuous supply of water to the water column _ , the turning point of evagination is moved forwards within the pipe line 1 whereby the lining material is correspondingly drawn out from the reel 16 and passed through the reservoir of the binder 3. The lining material 2 thus provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 is then passed through the nip roller 18 to control the amount of the binder 3 and conveyed into the pipe line 1 through the caterpillar conveyer 19, the water column 1 and the induction pipe 6. The tubular lining material 2 is then evaginated at the turning point of evagination 8 while exposing the binder 3 to water and the evaginated tubular lining material 2 is pressed against the inner surface of the pipe line with the binder 3 activated by water being interposed between the inner surface of the pipe line 1 and the lining material 2 under water pressure. The lining treatment of the pipe line 1 can thus be carried out in this manner and the evagination-lining speed can be controlled properly by adjusting the water level of the water column 14.
The interior space of the pipe line 1 is fully filled wi~h water in front and rear of the turning point of evagination 8.
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S~ 3 The water existing in front of the turning point of evagination 8 is contacted with air at the open end 12 of the pipe line while the water existing in rear of the turning point of evagination 8 is communicated with the water in the column 14.
Thus, the difference in pressure between the water in front of the turning point of evagination 8 and the water in rear of the turning point of evagination 8 can freely controlled by adjusting the level of water in the column ~4, irrespective of the depth of sea at the turning point of evagination 8.
The water existing in front of the turning point of evagination 8 is pushed out according to the advance of the lining material 2 and exhausted from the open end 12 of the pipe line. If necessary, the water may compulsorily be exhausted from the open end 12 by pumping for the purpose of pressure adjustment.
In 'case the turning point of evagination 8 passes through the middle point of the pipe lin~ 1, the tubular lining material 2 is wholly drawn GUt from the reel 16, passed through the water column 14 and introduced into the pipe line 1. At the final stage of the lining treatment, the rear end of the tubular lining material 2 extends from the open end 12 of the pipe line 1 whereby the oil pipe line is lined over its full length.
In the present invention, the binder is inactive in normal state but is activated onl~ whenbrought into contact with water.
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~7S2;~3 Accordingly, the interior space of a pipe line to be treated has to be filled with water. In an actual pipe-lining treatment according to this invention, the binder applied onto the inner surface of a tubular lining material is brought into contact with water and activated at the turning point of evagination 8 where evagination of the lining material takes place, and theninterposed between the inner surface of the pipe line and the lining material. Accordingly, no considera-tion is necessary in the present invention for pot life of the binder used. The binder is stable for the lining treatment of a pipe line as long as 1000 meters or more and is applied onto the inner surface of the pipe line immediately after being activated. Thus, a binder having a rapid curing speed can be selected for lining of such long pipe lines to shorten the working time therefor.
In the prior art lining methods, a warming liquid medium is passed through the lined pipe line to accelerate the curing of the binder. It is extremel~ difficult, howe~er, to warm a long pipe line evenly over its full length. According to -the method of this invention, such after-treatment is quite unnecessary. In the prior art lining methods, a tubular lining material provided on the inner surface thereof with a binder is cooled for prevent any premature curing of the binder. In the method of this invention, however, a tubular lining material provided with the binder can be stored " . . : . .
,: : ' . ' " ' 75~3 as such for a long period of time without fear of any premature curing of the binder.
In the prior art evagination~lining methods, a binder is usuaily warmed in winter season to reduce the viscosity of the binder thereby eliminating difficulty in evagination of a binder-applied tubular lining material due to increase of the viscosity of the binder. In this case, however, there is a fear of premature curing of the binder by warming. In the method of this invention, however, the binder can be warmed to reduce its viscosity without fear of any premature curing.
The method of this invention is thus useful for lining pipe lines used for transporting city water, gas, petroleum or the like fluids with the purpose of repair or reinforcement of the pipe lines. The method of this invention is particularly suitable~for lining pipe lines laid on the bottom of water.
None of the prior art evagination-lining method can attain such remarkable technical merits particularly when the pipe line is extremely long or laid on the bottom of water.
As many apparently widely dif~erent embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be construed that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof excèpt as defined in the appended claims.
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From the past, a variety of methods have been proposed as a means for lining pipe lines. In U.S. Patent 3,381,718, for example, there is disclosed a method for lining concrete pipe lines, especially those ~or sewers through which a corrosive liquid is passed, wherein an acid- and alkali-resisting plastic sheet is applied onto the inner s~rfaca of the concrete pipe lines. This plastic sheet is a laminate comprised of a fabric of a fibrous material such as cotton, synthetic fibers or glass wool overlaid with-a vinyl chloride resin according to a calendering, coating or the like means, and is shaped in a tubular orm. In this patent wherein the plastic sheet is inserted into a concrete pipe line and then ~' . . . - . - . .
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' ' ~ - ' '.: ' ' ~7S~33 inflated for lining the pipe line, the method is trouble-some in its operation and is not suited for lining a long pipe lines. A binder used in this patent for bonding a tubular lining sheet to the pipe lines is an epoxy resin generally utilized in dry state (Col. 3, lines 7-13).
In U.S. Patent 4,009,063, there is disclosed a method for lining a pipe line having manholes with a hard rigid pipe of thermosetting resin. The pipe for lining used in this patent is manufactured by immersing a tubular fibrous felt in a resin to form a pipe comprising an impervious film on the inner side thereof and a curable resinous layer on the outer side thereo. An inflatable tube is inserted into the pipe and the tube is inflated in a pipe line to attain its lining with the pipe laid on the tube. This method is not suited as a method for lining pipe lines buried in the ground and cannot be used for lining long pipe lines, particularly those having bends. In this U.S. Patent, a polyester resin and an ordinary epoxy resin are used as general curing resins (Col. 10, lines 11-23).
As a method for lining pipe lines, there is also known a method which is carried out in such manner that a flexible lining material in the form of a tube previously pravided on the inner surface thereof with a binder is inserted into a pipe line and allowed to advance therein while turning the lining material inside out under fluid pressure whereby the lining material is bonded onto the inner surface of the pipe .
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1;~75~3~3 line by the aid of the binder. According to this method, it is unnecessary to dig up a pipe line over its full length and the method is operable simply by forrning manholes at both terminal ends of the pipe line to be treated. The lining work itself can be done within a short period of time even for a long pipe line and is applicable to the lining of a pipe line having a number of bends, thus being regarded as an excellent method in recent years (U.S. Patents 4,064,211, 4,368,091 and 4,334,943).
In the above mentioned U.S. Patent 4,064,211, there lS
disclosed the so-called evaginat1on-lining method wherein one end of a tubular lining material provided on the inner surface thereof with a binder is fastened and bonded in an evaginated state to one end of a pipe and a liquid is inserted from the other end of the pipe into the interior `
of the lining material whereby the lining material is allowed to advance within the pipe line by f1uid pressure while being turned inside out to attain lining o~ the pipe line. ~fter completion of the evagination-lining operation, a small tube is inserted into the lined pipe line and a warmed liquid is circulated to accelerate curing of the binder. In this method, the circulation operation of a warmea liquid after appIication of the lining material onto the inner surface of the pipe line is troublesome, a considerably large amount of the warmed liquid is required in case of lining a long _ ~ _ ,. ~, . ' ;, ,. :
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: : ' ~5~33 pipe line, and so the operation for circulation and warmth-keeping of such a large amount of the warmed liquid is very troublesome. In particular, it is difficult to bond the lining material completely onto the inner surface of the pipe line when thé pipe line is inclined or bent in vertical direction. An epoxy resin is disclosed in this U.S. patent as the binder used therein (Col. 3, lines S-6).
- The evagination-lining methods disclosed in the above-menti~ned U.S. Patents 4,368,091 and 4,334,~43 enable control of the fluid pressure required for evagination of the lining material by the aid of a pressure container, and concurrently adjustment of the amount of a binder to be supplied onto the inner surface of the lining material. The method disclosed in the latter mentioned patent is especially excellent in that the lining operation can be carried out, without forming any wrinkle on the lining material and forming any narrow path in bend portions of the pipe line, by adjusting the speed of the lining material in its advancing movement within the pipe line by the aid of a special evagination-inducing belt drawn from the opposite side of the pipe line. Since the binder used in this method is an epoxy resin, however, there is a problem in using this method for lining of a pipe line having a length as long as several thousand meters in view of a limited pot life of the binder to be used. ;
In principle, the evagination-lining method just mentioned . . . . .. . . .
~;~7~i~33 above is applicable to a pipe line irrespective of its length. Actually, however, the method is applicable to a pipe line having a length as long as several hundred meters but is hardly applicable directly to one having a length beyond 1,000 meters for the reasons above mentioned.
In case the lining treatment of a pipe line is carried out according to this method, the pipe line is usually subjected to a preliminary cleaning treatment wherein the inner surface of the pipe line is first treated with a scraper or the like device to remove any rust or tar thereon, washed with water or hot water and then dried prior to intro-duction of a tubular lining material. As the lining material and the pipe line are both air-impervious, any binder to be interposed therebetween must be free of any volatile substance.
Thus, a binder containing a volatile substance such as a binder of rubber type which is usually employed together with a solvent cannot be used for the lining treatment. Among ¦ -various binders now conventionally employed, therefore, any blnder other than those of reaction-curing type cannot be used for the purpose of the pipe-lining treatment. The use of a binder of such reaction-curing type is advantageous from another viewpoint that when the lining material is impregnated with a sufficiently large amount of the binder, the cured binder will form inside the lined pipe line a rigid resinous pipe made of the cured binder which may maintain the .:
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:~ ' : ' . . :., ,: , : ~ ' : . .
,. .: ~ -i2';~5~3 function as a flow path even if the bonding of the lining material to -the pipe line is par~ially insufficient or the pipe line itself is broken by external force. In case of carrying out the evagination-lining method using a binder of reaction-curing type such as an epoxy resin, the binder comprising reaction components is first prepared and applied onto the inner surface of a tubular lining material and thereafter the binder-applied lining material is introduced into the pipe line under evagination. The binder should not be cured during a series of these steps which usually take a considerable period of time. Furthermore, as a pipe line to be lined becomes longer, it takes a longer time to apply the binder onto the lining material and to introduce the binder-applied lining material into the pipe line over its full length. In such case, therefore, the binder should have sufficiently longer pot life. However, a binder having a -longer pot life usually requires a longer time for completion of its curing, and as the result, an extremely longer time is~ -needed for completion of the whole lining treatment.
Under such circumstances, European Laid-open Patent Appln. No. 155,406 discloses the use o~ a precurable acrylic binder by photopolymerization is proposed as a binder applied onto the inner surface of the lining material without using any warming medium for curing the binder. According to the method disclosed in the specification of this application, -- 7 ~
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75~33 the evagination-lining treatment is carried out using as a binder a curable resin containing a catalyst which can initiate polymerization by radiation of actinic light, and at the same time, irradiated light is introduced into the lining material to cause earlier curing. In this method, however, it is troublesome to introduce irradiated light into the innermost part of the lining material applied to a long pipe line. Further, a light having a specific wave length capable of exciting the catalyst is necessary in this method, thus making it practically unattractive.
In the conventional evagination-lining methods, the length of a pipe line capable of being treated at a time is usually limited to about 200 300 meters or the reasons above mentioned. In case of treating a longer pipe line, e.g. a pipe line having a length of more than 1000 meters,therefore, there would be no way but to repeat the treatment carried out -for a section of the pipe line having a length of 200-300 meters. If the pipe line to be lined is exposed or buried in the ground, it may be easy to repeat such partial lining ~reatment until the pipe line is lined over its full length.
In case of lining a pipe line laid on the bottom of sea, lake or river, such as transriver or transbay pipe lines, however, repeating of such partial lining treatment accompanies a number of technical difficulties. In view of the above situations, there is a great demand for developing an improved :. . ~
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,. ~, . ' ': -5~33 evagination-lining method which can be applied to a pi.pe line having a length of 1000 meters or more and can attain the lining treatment at a time in a simple operation.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an o~ject of the present invention to provide a method for lining pipe lines, especially underwater pipe lines having a length in the order of thousand meters.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for lining long pipe lines without necessity of any after-treatment for curing the binder used.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for lining long pipe lines rapidly in a simple manner without taking the pot life of the used binder into consideration.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent more fully from the following description.
As a result of extensive researches made for developing a new improved evagination-lining method applicable to a rapid lining treatment of extremely long pipe lines in a simple manner without any particular consideration on the pot life of a binder to be used, it has now been found that when an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the front end of the .introduced tubular lining material forming a turning point g , ., " " : , . .' .'''. ' ' ' :, 5;~
of evagination where evagination of the lining materia]
occurs is filled with water and when a substance capable of reacting with water to form a binder is used for the binder (i.e. the use of a binder of a reaction-curing type), the lining treatment can be carried out even for an extremely long pipe line without causing any premature curing of the binder used or without necessity of any after-treatment such as warming the lined pipe line for curing the binder.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for lining pipe lines which comprises inserting a tubular lining material with a binder on the inner surface thereof into a pipe line, with the ~ront end of the lining material being fixed annularly to one end of the pipe line to form a turning point of evagination, and allowing the lining material to advance within the pipe line while moving the turning point of evagination forwards from one end to the other end of the pipe line to turn the tubular lining material inside out under fluid pressure thereby applying the evaginated linin~ material onto the inner surface of the pipe line over its full length with the binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular llning material being interposed between the pipe line and the lining material, characterized in that an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the forwardly moving turning point of evagination is fully filled with water and , . ..
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~L27~33 that a binder of reaction-curing type capable of reacting with water to initiate curing is used as the binder, whereby the binder on the inner surface of the lining material is continuously brought into contact and react with water as the turning point of evagination moves forwards, and the binder on the outer surface of the evaginated tubular lining material is interposed and cured between the pipe line and the lining material to bond them firmly under the fluid pressure.
The lining method of the present invention has various features as compared with the conventional similar lining methods wherein an ordinary resinous binder such as an epoxy resin is used as a binder of reaction-curing type.
One of the features of the method of this invention resides in the use of a specific binder which has no binding action in normal state but is converted by the reaction with water into a rapidly curable binder. Another feature of the method of this invention resides in the point that an unlined portion of the pipe line is fully filled with water. Accordingly, the specific binder on the inner surface of the tubular lining material is brought at the turning point of evagination into contact for the first time with water a~d is reacted there with it to form an epoxy binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular lining material. Thus, the method of this invention is distinguished by such merit that it is . .
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~75~33 applica~le to long pipe lines, especially those laid on the bottom of sea, lake or river without any consideration on the pot life of the binder used.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IN_ENTION
The lining method of this invention can be applied to any kind of pipe lines such as city water pipe lines, sewage pipes, gas conduits, petroleum pipe lines, and pipe lines for power transmission wires, telecommunication cables, etc.
These pipe lines may be made of various kinds of materials, such as steel,copper, various alloys, concrete, ceramics, glass and rigid resinous materials.
The tubular lining~materials used for the purpose of repairing or reinforcing the pipe lines should be so flexible that they can be evaginated under fluid pressure, and so are generally selected from tubular textile jackets and flexible plastic tubes. The use of tubular textile jackets is preferable which are commercially available and usually manu~actured by weaving warps and a weft in a seamless tubular form. Fibrous materials for the warps and the weft may be of inorganic nature, such as asbestos or glass, in addition to natural and synthetic fibers such as cotton, polyamide, polyester or polyurethane fibers. On actual use, the tubular lining material should be free of any water or moisture which causes undesirable premature curing of the binder. These tubular lining materials are properly selected according to ~ 12 -:, : . - , ~: . . ' ' , ' ' '5233 the nature of a 1uid to be passed through the pipe line and strength or resistance required for repalr or reinforce~
ment of the pipe line.
The ~inder used in the method of this invention is chiefly selected from two-component binders of epoxy series which become reactive only when brought into contact with water. Such binders are generally comprised of an epoxy compound as a main ingredient and a ketimine or aldoimine derivative of a diamine or polyamine as a curing ingredient.
Examples of the epoxy compounds include a liquid diglycidyl ether o~ bis-phenol type, an alicyclic epoxy compound, an epoxy compound of phenol or cresol novolac type, a glycidyl ester of phthalic acid, an epoxy compound of ~-methyl-epichlorohydrin type, an epoxy compound of a dimer acid type and an epoxy compound of a polyglycoI type. Besides these epoxy compounds, various epoxy compounds are known and commercially available. Any of these epoxy compounds can be used for the method of this invention in combination with a suitable curing ingredient. The ketimine or aldoimine derivative of a diamine or polyamine used as the curing ingredient is prepared by a dehydrocondensation reaction between the diamine or polyamine and a keto~e or aldehyde. In this case, the dehydrocondensation reaction takes place between a primary or secondary am~ino group o~ the diamine or polyamine and a ketone or aldehyde group o~ the ketone or aldehyde compound (R ~CO
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or H`>CO) wherein R and ~' are alkyl groups which may be the same : ~ ` ' ` . ~. , , , .
~275~3;~
ordifEerent~ so that the resultant ketimine or ~ldoimine derivative has a grouping R ~C - N- or ~> C = N- in the molecule. The ketimine or aldoimine derivatives prepared by ketimination or aldoimination of a diamine or polyamine may be regarded as a diamine or polyamine having protected amino groups and are now commercially available. For example, Epicure H-l, H-2, H-3, H-5, H-5S and H-6 (Shell), Araldite HY-831 and 833 (Ciba-Geigy), etc. can be used as a ketimine derivative of a polyamine. A base amine of these ketimine or aldoimine derivatives is an aliphatic diamine or polyamine or an aliphatic aromatic diamine or polyamine. The use of a ketimine derivative derived from an aliphatic diamine or polyamine having a long chain and aromat-ic ring(s), such as Epicure H-5 or H-6 is pre~erable since such derivative affords a binder coat possessing good adhesion and flexibility. Since these ketimine or aldoimine derivatives of diamines and polyamines have no reactive free amino gxoup, these derivatives are not reactive with the epoxy compounds even if both ingredients are mixed. Thus, a mixture of the epoxy compound ~`
and such ketimine or aldomine derivative shows an extremely long pot life because of the absence of any active free amino group. When such ketimine or aldomine derivatives are brought into contact with water, however, these derivative undergo hydrolysis,whereby the ketone or aldehyde group protecting the amino group is split off to form a mixture of the base * Trade Mark - 14 -, .
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':' '. ' ' ' ~ ' ' . , 5~;33 diamine or polyamine functioning as a curing ingredient for epoxy compounds at an ambient temperature and the corresponding ketone or aldehyde compound usually selected at the time of preparing the derivative as being soluble in water. Thus, the binder used in the method of this invention an be considered as a binder precursor and is converted in the presence of water into a binder. It is a matter of course that the binder of this invention should be free of water or be separated from water until it is used for the lining treatment. In the binder, the epoxy compound and the ketimine or aldomine derivative are mixed with each other in stoichio-metrical amounts.
Besides the modified epoxy binders as mentioned above, certain kinds of modified silicone series and of urethane series are known to be capable of reacting with water to initiate curing. The binder used in the method of this invention may suitably be selected from these modified binders.
The flexible tubular lining material used in the method of this invention is usually provided on its`external surface with a gas-impervious resinous coating which, after evagination of the tubular lining material, forms a coating on the inner surface thereof and so has to be chemically resistant to a fluid to be passed through the pipe line.
In general, natural or synthetic rubber, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane or the like is used as a material for the coating.
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~L275~3 The fluid utilizable for allowing the inserted flexible tubular lining material to advance from one end to the other end of the pipe line should not be hazardous or corrosive to the lining material. Usually, an inert medium such as air, nitrogen, water or the like is used under pressure to push the turning point of evagination forwards. Thus, the fluid is compulsorily pressurized and introduced into the lining material by pumping. In case the fluid is water, its pressure may be produced by its own gravity, for example, by installing a water tank at an elevated position. The fluid pressure is suitably controlled so that the tubular lining material may be allowed to advance within the pipe line at a moderate speed.
The present invention can more fully be understood from the following description taken in conjunction with accompany-ing drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a pipe line showing the state of annularly fixing one end of a tubular lining material to one end of a pipe line according to the method of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section view of a pipe line showing the proceeding of the lining treatme^nt according to this invention using air as a pressurizing fluid.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section view of a pipe line showing the same lining treatment as shown in Fig. 2 except .
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' ,33 that water is used as a pressurizing fluid.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a lining treatment for a pipe line laid on the bottom of sea according to the method of this invention.
Throughout the drawings, each reference numeral has commonly the same meaning.
Referring to Fig. 1 showing a longitudinal section of a pipe line together with an induction pipe which is temporarily connected to the pipe line by means of a flange or a bolt and nut connector. A plpe line 1 is opened at both ends to form an entrance and an exit for a lining material. A flexible tubular lining material 2 having on the inner surface thereof a binder 3 is introduced into the pipe line 1 through the entrance thereof. In order to apply the binder 3 onto the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2, a proper amount of the binder is injected into the interior space of the lining material from its front end, and thereafter the lining material charged with the binder is allowed to pass through a pair of nip rolls and wound on a reel whereby the binder is squeezed and spread on the whole inner surface of the lining material. Alternatively, the tubular linlng material previously charged with the binder may be wound in flattened state once on a reel and then taken off at the time of the lining treatment. In a more simplified manner, the tubular lining material provided on the inner surface .
. '' , ' . ' ' . , ' ', . . , - -- -- , , 1: , . ~ - .
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~L~7~33 thereof with the binder may continuously be introduced as such into the pipe line for carrying out the lining treatment.
On injection of the binder into the interior space of the tubular lining material, it is preferable that the interior space be previously kept under reduced pressure to expel the air occupied therein. By this preliminary treatment, the lining material is effectively impregnated with the binder so that the adhesion strength between the lining material and the binder is enhanced, with an additional merit that any moisture Fontained in the lining material is eliminated to prevent any premature curing of the binder.
On introduction of the tubular lining material 2 in flattened state into the pipe line 1, the front end 4 of the lining material 2 is annularly fixed in evaginated state to the entrance 5 of the pipe line 1. Usually, the tubular lining material 2 is introduced into the pipe line 1 through an induction pipe 6 provided with a means for introducing a pressurized ~luid into the pipe line 1. Thus, the end of the pipe line I is bent rectangularly and is temporarily connected to the induction pipe 6 the front end of which is also bent rectangularly by means of a bolt and nut connector 7 which also serves ~o fix the evaginated front end 4 o~ the lining material 2 between the pipe line 1 and the induction pipe 6. In case a pressurized fluid such as compressed air is introduced into the pipe line 1 in this stake, the tubular .- , . . . . :
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lining material 2 is pushed forwards from the annularly fixed position by fluid pressure whereby the front end of the lining material 2 forms a turning point of evagination 8 where evagination of the tubular lining material takes place. In Fig. 1, the pushing force of the fluid pressure is shown by the arrow marks. In this manner, the turning point of evagination 8 is allowed to advance within the pipe line 1 by fluid pressure. The binder 3 applied onto the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2 is exposed at the turning point of evagination and then exists on the outer surface of the tubular lining material 2 with the proceeding of evagination.
Prior to the lining treatment, the inner surface of the pipe line is preferably cleaned by washing or by the ald of a scraper to remove any rust or tar on the inner surface.' As the binder used in the methocl of this invention is quite inactive in the absence of water, the pipe line has to be filled with water, after such optional cleaning treatment, to activate the binder. In case the pipe line is fully filled with water, a small amount of water will continuously be removed from the opposite end of the pipe line as an exit of water, as the turning point of evagination moves forwards within the pipe line under fluid pressure.
Fig. 2 shows as a longitudinal section view such , :`, , ., : ' ., , . `
. . . .
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intermediate stage of the lining treatment according to the method of this invention using compressed air as the pressurized fluid. The interior space of an unlined portion of the pipe line 1 in front of the turning point of evagina-tion 8 is filled with water 9. The tubular lining material 2 provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 and introduced in flattened state into the pipe line 1, with the front end thereof being fastened in evaginated state to the entrance of the pipe line 1 is pushed forwards within the pipe line under the pressure of compressed air. In this case, th~ binder 3 is kept inactive while being on the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2 but is brought into contact with the water 9 at the forwardly moving turning point of evagination 8 and activated to form a true binder 3'.
After passing through the turning point of evagination 8, the activated binder 3' exists on the external surface of the tubular lining material 2 and is then pressed against the inner surface of the pipe line, as being interposed between the pipe line 1 and the lining material 2 under the fluid pressure produced by compressed air 10. The lining material 2 is strongly bonded to the inner surface of the pipe line 1 in this manner whereby the gas-impervious chemicals-resistant layer existed, before evagination, on the external surface of the tubular lining material now constitutes the innermost layer of the lined pipe line.
. .
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~;~75~33 In Fig. 2, too, the direction of the force of fluid pressure acting on the tubular lining material is shown by the arrow marks.
The lining treatment of the pipe line 1 proceeds in this manner from one end (entrance) to the other end (exit) thereof by suitably controlling the pressure of the compressed air. At the stage where the turning point of evagination 8 moves forwards beyond the exit, the lining treatment is finished and both terminal ends of the pipe line 1 are properly treated, for example, by cutting off the marginal portions of the lining material to connect it to other pipe lines.
Fig. 3 shows as a longitudinal section vlew an intermediate stage of the lining treatment according to the method of this invention using water as the pressurized fluid. In this case, the lining treatment for the pipe line is carried out in the same manner as described with respect to Fig. 2 except that the compressed air as the pressurized fluid 10 is substituted by water 11 which can be pressurized by either pumping as in the case of air or its own gravity by positioning a reservoir of water in an elevated place. In case of utilizing the gravity of water for its pressurizing, the pressure can be controlled by suitably ad~usting the height level of the reservoir.
For carrying out the lining treatment for pipe lines ' ' ~ . .. '.
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according to the method of this invention, it is indispensable to fill the interior space of the pipe lines with water.
The binder on the inner surface of the lining material is brought into contact with the water at the turning point of evagination where the binder undergoes hydrolysis to form the activated binder and a compound protecting the amino group, for example, a ketone in case of using a ketimine derivative o a polyamine. A ~etone or the like compound formed by hydrolysis is usually soluble or miscible with water and gives no adverse effect on the activated binder.
Accordingly, the method of this invention is particularly useful for lining long pipe lines, especially those laid on the bottom of sea, lake or river, such as transbay, trans-channel or transriver pipe lines for transporting petroleum or water. In casé such a long underwater pipe line is super-annuated or damaged, it is extremely difficult technically and economically to replace such pipe line with a new one.
In such case, therefore, it is generally recommended to regenerate the function of such pipe line by lining it with a repairing or reinforcing tubular lining material. In case of a petroleum pipe line laid on the bottom of sea, the pipe line is usually filled with petroleum or water irrespective of whether the pipe line is actually used or not. This is due to the reason that when the underwater pipe line becomes empty, or in other words, it is filled with air, a great ' ' , -.
- ~. : . .
' ' :' ' ,. ','' . - ,, 5~33 buoyant force will be acted on the whole or a part o~ the pipe line and cause floating in water or alternatively serious torsion or breakage even if the pipe line is fixed onto the bottom. Further, a conventional evagination-lining method for underground pipe lines cannot be applied to a long underwater pipe line for the reasons as discussed with respect to the prior arts. In case of lining an underground pipe line such as a gas conduit or sewage pipe, the conventional method can be applied to a section of such pipe line existing between manholes or having a length as long as 200-300 meters. In case of an underwater pipe line~ the evagination-lininc3 method cannot be applied thereto portion-wise since the underwater pipe line has a length of at least 1000 meters and the lining treatment therefor cannot be made portionwise. In addition, the use of a binder having a very long pot'life is necessary for lining such long pipe line at a time, and a considerable time is requirPd for an overall lining treatment in view of the necessity of a long period of time for curing a binder with a lon~ pot life as described hereinbefore with respect to the prior art.
However, it is quite impossible to circulate a hot liquid medium for warming and curing the binder in case of underwater pipe lines surrounded with water. However, a lining treatment for long underwater pipe lines under such conditions can easily be carried out according to the method of this invention ':
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~L~75;~3 wherein the pipe lines are previously filled with water and a special binder which is activated only when brought into contact with water is employed.
In Fig. 4 showing schematically a lining treatment for a long pipe line laid on the bottom of sea according to the method of this invention, a pipe line 1 is, for example, a transchannel long oil pipe line laid on the bottom of sea, both ends of which are exposed on the ground and connected to other pipe lines. This pipe line 1 is disconnected from the other pipe lines at its both ends 12 and 13 and any residual oil in the pipe line 1 is replaced with water. The pipe line 1 is subjected to a cleaning treatment to remove any rust, oil and tar on the inner surface thereof and is then filled with clari~ied water 9.
In this case, the cleaning treatment as a preliminary treatmen~ prior to the lining treatment is carried out preferably by not only passing a washing liquid but also using a s~raper or the like tool to remove any substance built up on the inner surface of the pipe line 1. A water column 14 is constructed by one end of the pipe line 1 on the land, for e~ample, for the end 13 which is then connected to the lower part or bottom of the water column 14 through an induction pipe as shown in Fig. 1 by the reference numeral 6. The height of the water columnl4 is pre~erably 10-20 meters at the top thereof from the sea level. A water .
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5~233 inlet 15 is provided at -the upper part or on the top of the column l~while the other end 12 of the pipe line 1 remains opened~ A flexible tubular lining material 2 shown in the figure simply as a single solid line is wound on a reel 16 prior to the lining treatment. Any of the materials employed hitherto for known conventional lining materials can be used for the tubular lining material _ of this inventlon, but a flexible textile jacket woven in a seamless tubular form having on the external surface thereof a gas-impervious film of a flexible synthetic resin is preferably used for this invention. In case of a tubular lining material ~or an oil transporting pipe line, the use of an elastic polyester resin is most preferable as having high oil-resisting property.
The tubular lining material 2 is reeled off and the binder 3 in an amount sufficient enough to be applied onto the inner surface of a pipe line to be lined is introduced into the interior space of the tubular lining material from its front end. It is preferable to evacuate the interior space of the tubular lining material prior to introduction of the binder thereinto whereby the tubular lining material is effectively impregnated with the binder to enhance bonding force between them and moisture contained in the tubular lining material is concurren~ly removed to prevent any premature curing of the binder. It is preferable in the subsequent treatment to keep under reduced pressure the interior space .
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~ ' ~. ' . -. . ' . ' 5~ 3 of the tubular lining material from the rear end thereof, i.e. the end of the lining material wound on the reel. The rear end of the tubular lining material may be connected to a belt or rope (not shown) which has a length at least equal to the length of a pipe line to be treated. In this case, the belt or rope is preferentially wound on the reel 16 so that the tubular lining material comes out~first.
After charging the interior space of the tubular lining material 2 with the binder 3 in an amount sufficient enough to be applied onto the inner surface of the pipe line 1 over its full length, an inflated portion 2' of $he tubular lining material enclosing the binder 3 as a reservoir thereof is placed on a roller conveyer 17, and the tubular lining material 2 is then closed in flattened state at the front end thereof and passed through a nip roll 18 to squeeze the reservoir for spreading the binder 3 uniformly over the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2. The flattened tubular lining material 2 provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 is passed between a pair of caterpillar belts 19 whereby the lining material 2 is compulsorily moved ~orwards. The lining material 2 is allowed to ascend to the top of a water column 14 by the action of a roller conveyer 20 and is then allowed to descend through water to the bottom of the column 14~ The lining material 2 is drawn out from the bottom of the column 14 and is then introduced into an oil -, : ' . ' ' ,~ - ''' ', . ', . ' : : ' ..
. . - :' . . ' ', . . .
' ' .' ,' ~ :' ' ''. . ''' . ' ''" ~', 12'7S~33 pipe line as the pipe line 1 laid on the bottom of sea in such manner that an induction pipe is connected between the bottom of the water column 14 and the pipe line 1 and the tubular lining material 2 is annularly fixed in evaginated state to the joint portion 21 between the front end of -the induction pipe 6 and the rear end of the pipe line 1 as shown in Fig. 1. Although the lining treatment is carried out in Fig. 4 while applying the binder 3 onto the inner surface of the tubular lining material 2, the lining treatment may be carried out by winding the tubular lining material 2 previously provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 on the reel 16 and supplying the tubular lining material 2 drawn out from the reel directly to the water column _.
Wate~ is supplied to the water column 14 through the inlet 15 positioned in the upper portion thereof and reaehed to the front end of the tubular lining material 2 annularly fastened in evaginated state to the joint portion 21 whereby the water pressure in accordance with the water level in the water column 14 can be applied to the front end of the tubular lining material 2 moving forwards while being evaginated.
The water pressure pushes forwards the turning point of evagination 8 within the pipe line where the tubular lining material 2 in flattèned state provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 is evaginated to expose the binder 3 .
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i~7~iZ33 to water, as shown in Fig. 2. The movement of the tubular lining material 2 in this case is shown by the arrow mark in Fig. 2. The water pressure may be produced by pumping water instead of using head pressure of water from the water column 14. By continuous supply of water to the water column _ , the turning point of evagination is moved forwards within the pipe line 1 whereby the lining material is correspondingly drawn out from the reel 16 and passed through the reservoir of the binder 3. The lining material 2 thus provided on the inner surface thereof with the binder 3 is then passed through the nip roller 18 to control the amount of the binder 3 and conveyed into the pipe line 1 through the caterpillar conveyer 19, the water column 1 and the induction pipe 6. The tubular lining material 2 is then evaginated at the turning point of evagination 8 while exposing the binder 3 to water and the evaginated tubular lining material 2 is pressed against the inner surface of the pipe line with the binder 3 activated by water being interposed between the inner surface of the pipe line 1 and the lining material 2 under water pressure. The lining treatment of the pipe line 1 can thus be carried out in this manner and the evagination-lining speed can be controlled properly by adjusting the water level of the water column 14.
The interior space of the pipe line 1 is fully filled wi~h water in front and rear of the turning point of evagination 8.
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S~ 3 The water existing in front of the turning point of evagination 8 is contacted with air at the open end 12 of the pipe line while the water existing in rear of the turning point of evagination 8 is communicated with the water in the column 14.
Thus, the difference in pressure between the water in front of the turning point of evagination 8 and the water in rear of the turning point of evagination 8 can freely controlled by adjusting the level of water in the column ~4, irrespective of the depth of sea at the turning point of evagination 8.
The water existing in front of the turning point of evagination 8 is pushed out according to the advance of the lining material 2 and exhausted from the open end 12 of the pipe line. If necessary, the water may compulsorily be exhausted from the open end 12 by pumping for the purpose of pressure adjustment.
In 'case the turning point of evagination 8 passes through the middle point of the pipe lin~ 1, the tubular lining material 2 is wholly drawn GUt from the reel 16, passed through the water column 14 and introduced into the pipe line 1. At the final stage of the lining treatment, the rear end of the tubular lining material 2 extends from the open end 12 of the pipe line 1 whereby the oil pipe line is lined over its full length.
In the present invention, the binder is inactive in normal state but is activated onl~ whenbrought into contact with water.
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,: . .. , . : : . .
. . : .':
.
~7S2;~3 Accordingly, the interior space of a pipe line to be treated has to be filled with water. In an actual pipe-lining treatment according to this invention, the binder applied onto the inner surface of a tubular lining material is brought into contact with water and activated at the turning point of evagination 8 where evagination of the lining material takes place, and theninterposed between the inner surface of the pipe line and the lining material. Accordingly, no considera-tion is necessary in the present invention for pot life of the binder used. The binder is stable for the lining treatment of a pipe line as long as 1000 meters or more and is applied onto the inner surface of the pipe line immediately after being activated. Thus, a binder having a rapid curing speed can be selected for lining of such long pipe lines to shorten the working time therefor.
In the prior art lining methods, a warming liquid medium is passed through the lined pipe line to accelerate the curing of the binder. It is extremel~ difficult, howe~er, to warm a long pipe line evenly over its full length. According to -the method of this invention, such after-treatment is quite unnecessary. In the prior art lining methods, a tubular lining material provided on the inner surface thereof with a binder is cooled for prevent any premature curing of the binder. In the method of this invention, however, a tubular lining material provided with the binder can be stored " . . : . .
,: : ' . ' " ' 75~3 as such for a long period of time without fear of any premature curing of the binder.
In the prior art evagination~lining methods, a binder is usuaily warmed in winter season to reduce the viscosity of the binder thereby eliminating difficulty in evagination of a binder-applied tubular lining material due to increase of the viscosity of the binder. In this case, however, there is a fear of premature curing of the binder by warming. In the method of this invention, however, the binder can be warmed to reduce its viscosity without fear of any premature curing.
The method of this invention is thus useful for lining pipe lines used for transporting city water, gas, petroleum or the like fluids with the purpose of repair or reinforcement of the pipe lines. The method of this invention is particularly suitable~for lining pipe lines laid on the bottom of water.
None of the prior art evagination-lining method can attain such remarkable technical merits particularly when the pipe line is extremely long or laid on the bottom of water.
As many apparently widely dif~erent embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be construed that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof excèpt as defined in the appended claims.
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Claims (4)
1. A method for lining pipe lines which comprises inserting a tubular lining material with a binder on the inner surface thereof into a pipe line, with the front end of the lining material being fixed annularly to one end of the pipe line to form a turning point of evagination, and allowing the lining material to advance within the pipe line while moving the turning point of evagination forwards from one end to the other end of the pipe line to turn the tubular lining material inside out under fluid pressure thereby applying the evaginated lining material onto the inner surface of the pipe line over its full length with the binder on the exterior surface of the evaginated tubular lining material being interposed between the pipe line and the lining material, characterized in that an unlined portion of the pipe line positioned in front of the forwardly moving turning point of evagination is fully filled with water and that a binder of reaction-curing type capable of reacting with water to initiate curing is used as the binder, whereby the binder on the inner surface of the lining material is continuously brought into contact and reacted with water as the turning point of evagination moves forwards, and the binder on the outer surface of the evaginated tubular lining material is interposed and cured between the pipe line and the lining material to bond them firmly.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure is produced by air introduced compulsorily into the tubular lining material by pumping.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure is produced by water introduced compulsorily by its own gravity or by pumping into the tubular lining material.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the binder of reaction-curing type is a two-component binder of epoxy series comprised of an epoxy compound as a main ingredient and a ketimine derivative of a diamine or polyamine as a curing ingredient.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 539707 CA1275233C (en) | 1987-06-15 | 1987-06-15 | Method for lining pipe lines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 539707 CA1275233C (en) | 1987-06-15 | 1987-06-15 | Method for lining pipe lines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1275233C true CA1275233C (en) | 1990-10-16 |
Family
ID=4135904
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 539707 Expired - Fee Related CA1275233C (en) | 1987-06-15 | 1987-06-15 | Method for lining pipe lines |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1275233C (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-06-15 CA CA 539707 patent/CA1275233C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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