CA1275132A - Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization - Google Patents
Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomizationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1275132A CA1275132A CA000508956A CA508956A CA1275132A CA 1275132 A CA1275132 A CA 1275132A CA 000508956 A CA000508956 A CA 000508956A CA 508956 A CA508956 A CA 508956A CA 1275132 A CA1275132 A CA 1275132A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- vibrating element
- ultrasonic
- atomization
- edged portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
- B05B17/063—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn having an internal channel for supplying the liquid or other fluent material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/08—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by sonic or ultrasonic waves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/34—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations
- F23D11/345—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations with vibrating atomiser surfaces
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is formed around its outer periphery with a multi-stepped edge portion having one or more steps, said edged portion being supplied with liquid to atomize said liquid, characterized by the height (h) and width (w) of each step being such that:
0.2 mm ? h ? .lambda./4 and 0.2 mm ? w ? .lambda./4 wherein .lambda. is the wave length of the ultrasonic wave.
A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is formed around its outer periphery with a multi-stepped edge portion having one or more steps, said edged portion being supplied with liquid to atomize said liquid, characterized by the height (h) and width (w) of each step being such that:
0.2 mm ? h ? .lambda./4 and 0.2 mm ? w ? .lambda./4 wherein .lambda. is the wave length of the ultrasonic wave.
Description
60 ~ 3 S
~.~75~3~
Vibrating Element for Ultrasonic Atomization Technical Field This invention relates generally to an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus such as an ultrasonic injection nozzle, and particularly to a vibrating e:Lement suitable for use on an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus for atomizing liquid intermittently or continuously, such atomizing apparatus including (1) automobile fuel injection apparatus such as electronically controlled gasoline injection valves or electronically controlled diesel injection valves, (2) fuel nozzles for use with a gas turbine, (3) burners for use with industrial, commercial and domestic boilers, heating furnaces and stoves, (4) industrial liquid atomizers, drying atomizers for drying liquid materials such as foods, medicines, agricultural chemicals, fertilizers and the like, and spray heads for controlling temperature and humidity, atomizers for calcining powders (pelletizing ceramics), spray coaters, and reaction promoting devices, and (5~ liquid atomizers for uses other than industrial use, such as spreaders for agricultural chemicals and antiseptic solution.
Background Art Pressure atomizing burners or liquid atomizers have been used to spray or atomize liquid in the various fields as mentioned above. (The term "liquid" herein used is 7 ~
;. 1 ;,:
~. ~75~
intended to mean not only liquid but also liquid materials such as solutions, suspensions and the like.) Injection nozzles used with such spray burners or liquid atomizers are adapted to atomize the liquid by the shearing action between the liquid as discharged through the nozzles and the ambient air ~atmospheric air). Thus, atomization of supply liquid required increased pressure to supply liquid, resulting in requiring complicated and large sized liquid supplying means such as pumps and piping.
~ urthermore, the regulation of the flow rate of the injection was effected either by varying the pressure of the supply liquid or by varying the area of the nozzle opening. However, the former method provided poor atomization at a low flow rate (low pressure), as a remedy for which air or steam was additionally used on medium or large-sized boilers to enhance the atomization of liquid fuel, requiring more and more complicated and enlarged apparatus. On the other hand, the latter method required an extremely intricate construction of nozzle which was difficult to control and maintain.
In order to overcome the drawbacks to such conventional injection nozzles, attempts have been made to impart ultrasonic waves to liquid material while injecting it out through the jet of the injection nozzle under pressure.
However, the conventional ultrasonic liquid injecting ~.~75~
nozzle had so small capacity for spraying -that it was unsuitable for use as such injection nozzle as described above which required a large amount of atomized liquid.
As a result of extensive researches and experiments on the ultrasonic liq~id atomizing mechanism and the configuration of the ultrasonic vibrating element in an attempt to achieve atomization of a large amount of liquid, the present inventors have discovered that a large quantity of liquid may be atomized by forming an edged portion at the end of an ultrasonic vibrating element and delivering liquid to an along said edged portion in a film form, and have proposed an ultrasonic in~ection method and in~ection nozzle (see applicants European Patent Application No.
O 159 189 published October 23, 1985).
As a result of further researchers and experiments on the configuration of the vibrating elements of the various ultrasonic atomizing devices such as the ultrasonic in;ection nozzle of the type described above, the present inventors have found put that the geometry of the vibrating element has a great effect on the amount of liquid being atomized (sprayed) and the angle of spray spread.
Based on such novel knowledge, the present invention relates to the ultrasonic injection nozzle of the type according to the invention of the aforesaid prior patent application and other various ultrasonic atomizing apparatus, particularly to an improvement over the vibrating element for use with such ultrasonic atomizing apparatus and is characterized by the shape and dimensions of the vibrating element.
The invention provides an ultrasonic vibrating element for atomization capable of delivering liquid intermittently or continuously.
5~
The invention also provides a vlbrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is capable of spray spreading liquid over a wider angle, and delivering and spraying or in~ecting a larger quantity of liquid, as compared to the conventional atomizing apparatus and ultrasonic atomi~ing apparatus.
The invention again provides a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is capable of accomplishing consistent atomization in that there is no change in the conditions of atomization (flow rate and particle size) depending upon the properties, particularly viscosity of the supply liquid.
The present invention thus provides a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomiza-tion which is formed around its outer periphery with a multi-stepped edged portion having one or more steps, said edged portion being supplied with liquid to atomize said liquid, characterized by the height (h) and width (w) of each step being such that 0.2 mm s h ~ ~/4 and 0.2 mm ~ h ~ ~/4 wherein A is the wave length of the ultrasonic wave.
According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion of each step are such that 1 ~ h/w ~ 10.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a fragmentary front view of one embodiment of the vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus incorporating the vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization according to this invention;
Figs. 3 to 5 are fragmentary front views of alternate embodiments of the vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization according to this invention.
Description of the Embodiments First, one form of ultrasonic injection nozzle with which the vibrating element according to the present invention ~ ~75~
may be employed will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
While the present invention is suitably applicable to atomizing apparatus for various uses, it will herein be described with reference to a fuel noæzle for a gas turbine.
Referring to Fig. 2, an in~ection nozzle which is a fuel nozzle 10 for a gas turbine in the illustrated embodiment includes a generally cylindrical elongated valve housing 8 having a central bore 6 extending centrally therethrough.
A vibrating element 1 according to this invention is disposed extending through the central bore 6 of the valve housing 8.
The vibrating element 1 includes an upper body portion la, an elongated cylindrical vibrator shank lb having a diameter smaller than that of the body portion la, and a transition portion lc connecting the body portion la and shank lb. The body portion la has an enlarged diameter flange ld which is attached to the valve housing 8 by a shoulder 12 formed in the upper end of the valve housing 8 and an annular vibrator retainer 14 fastend to the upper end face of the valve housing by bolts ~not shown).
~ 7~
The forward end of the vibrating element 1, that is, the forward end of the shank lb is formed with an edged portion 2, the geometry of which will be described in details hereinafter. The valve housing 8 is formed through its lower end portion with one or more supply passages 4 for feeding fuel to said edged portion 2. The fuel supply port 16 of the supply passage ~ is supplied with liquid fuel through an external supply line (not shown) from a source of fuel (not shown). The flow and flow rate of fuel are controlled by a supply valve (not shown) disposed in the external supply line.
With the construction described above, the vibrating element 1 is continuously vibrated by an ultrasonic generator 100 operatively connected to the body portion la. Thus, liquid fuel is ~ed through the line, the supply valve and the supply passage 4 to the edged portion 2 where it is atomized and jetted outwardly.
The edged portion 2 of the vibrating element 1 is in the form of an annular staircase including five steps having progressively reduced diameters as shown in Fig. 5, but may be in the form of a staircase having two, three or four or six steps.
More specifically, with the construction as described above, as liquid which is fuel in the illustrated embodiment is delivered to the edged portion 2, the stream of fuel is ~ ~75~
severed and atomized at each edge. The fuel is first partially atomized at the edge (A) of the first step, and the excess portion of the fuel which has not been handled at the edge ~A) of the first step is fed successivel~ through the second step edge (B), the third step edge (C) and so forth to be handled thereby. At a higher flow rate of fuel requiring larger effective areas for atomization, more stepped edges are required~ At a lower flow rate, however, a smaller number of steps are required before the atomization is completed. With the vibrating-element 1 according to this invention, the number of steps required for atomization will vary with changes in the flow rate so as to insure generally uniform conditions such as the thickness of liquid film at the location of each step where the atomization takes place, resulting in uniform particle shape and size of the droplets being atomized. The vibrating element according to this invention provides for a full range of flow rates usually reguired for atomization so that atomi~ation of various types of liquid materials may be accomplished, whether it may be on an intermittent basis or on a continuous basis.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion shown in Fig.
1 is such that it may act to render the liquid filmy and to dam the li~uid flow. Researches and experiments conducted by the present inventors have shown that the height (h) and ~ ~75~;3~
width (w) of the edged portion must be kept ~n a predetermined range as follows in order to effect atomization of supplied liquid in a large quantity:
0.2 mm S h S A/4 (1) O.2 mm ~ w S ~/4 t23 wherein ~ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion of each step are such that 1 5 h/w 5 10. Particularly for the vibrating element of the configuration as illustrated in Fig. l the height (h) is preferably less than 4 mm. The wavelength of the ultrasonic wave is typically 5 cm to 50 cm depending upon the material (such as inconnel, titanium or the like) of which the vibrating element is made.
The output of the ultrasonic generator for exciting the vibrating element is on the order of 10 W, and the amplitude and frequency of vibration of the vibrating element are in the ranges of 30 to 70 ~m and 20 to 50 KHz, respectively.
The diameter (D) of the vibrating element is suitably in the range of ~/10 to ~/4. The greater the amplitude of ~ibration and the diameter (D), the greater the capacity for handling the liquid.
The vibrating element of the present invention is not limited to the configuration as shown in Fig. 1, but may take various forms as shown in Fig. 3 to 5.
~.~7~
The forward end of the vibrating element shown in Fig. 3 is formed with an annular edged portion 2 having one or more steps of equal diameter, three steps (A), (B), (C) in the illustrated embodiment. The shape of the edged portion 2 as viewed in the direction of the arrow (X) is not limited to a circular shape, but may be triangular, square or other polygonal shapes. According to the present invention, the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion 2 are sized as defined by the equations (1) and (2) as indicated herein-above. The angle (~) may be suitably selected. The angle of injection (angle of injection spread) may be adjusted by selecting the height (h), width (w) and engle (~) as desired.
While the edged portion 2 has been described as comprising protrusions (A), (B) and (C) which are all of the same angular shape, those protrusions need not be of angular shape but may be of any other shape, provided that they are formed around their outer periphery with edges.
Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate alternate embodiments of this invention in which the multi-stepped edged portion having one or more steps 2 is formed around the inner periphery of the forward end of the vibrating element 1. Again in these embodiments, satisfactory atomization may be achieved if the aforesaid conditions are satisfied. Of course, in these embodiments, liquid is fed to the edged portion through a liquid supply passage 4 formed through the vibrating element.
~.~75~..;3~
An example of various parameters and dimensions of the ultrasonic atomizing apparatus according to this invention is as follows: It has been found that such construction provides for atomization in a ve:ry large amount.
Output of ultrasonic vibration generating means: 10 watts Amplitude of vibration of vibrating element: 30 ~m Frequency of vibration of vibrating element: 38 KHz Geometry of edged portion (embodiment of Fig. 1 Width (w) of edged portion: 0.5 mm (diameter D of vibrating element edged portion) First step: 7 mm in diameter (Do) Second step: 6 mm in diameter Third step: 5 mm in diameter Fourth step: 4 mm in-diameter Fifth step: 3 mm in diameter (d) Height of each step: 2 mm Fuel Type of oil: Gas oil Flow rate: ~ 0.06 cm3 per injection Injection pressure: 1~ 70 kg/cm2 Temperature~ normal temperature Material of which the vibrating element is made: Titanium s~
Effects of the Invention As is described hereinabove, the vibrating element having a geometry defined according to the present invention is capable of providing a wider angle of spray spread and achieving atomization in a large amount, and thereby enables the provision of an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus capable of accomplishing consistent atomization in that there is no change in the conditions of atomization (flow rate and particle size) depending upon the properties, particularly viscosity of the supply liquid.
~.~75~3~
Vibrating Element for Ultrasonic Atomization Technical Field This invention relates generally to an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus such as an ultrasonic injection nozzle, and particularly to a vibrating e:Lement suitable for use on an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus for atomizing liquid intermittently or continuously, such atomizing apparatus including (1) automobile fuel injection apparatus such as electronically controlled gasoline injection valves or electronically controlled diesel injection valves, (2) fuel nozzles for use with a gas turbine, (3) burners for use with industrial, commercial and domestic boilers, heating furnaces and stoves, (4) industrial liquid atomizers, drying atomizers for drying liquid materials such as foods, medicines, agricultural chemicals, fertilizers and the like, and spray heads for controlling temperature and humidity, atomizers for calcining powders (pelletizing ceramics), spray coaters, and reaction promoting devices, and (5~ liquid atomizers for uses other than industrial use, such as spreaders for agricultural chemicals and antiseptic solution.
Background Art Pressure atomizing burners or liquid atomizers have been used to spray or atomize liquid in the various fields as mentioned above. (The term "liquid" herein used is 7 ~
;. 1 ;,:
~. ~75~
intended to mean not only liquid but also liquid materials such as solutions, suspensions and the like.) Injection nozzles used with such spray burners or liquid atomizers are adapted to atomize the liquid by the shearing action between the liquid as discharged through the nozzles and the ambient air ~atmospheric air). Thus, atomization of supply liquid required increased pressure to supply liquid, resulting in requiring complicated and large sized liquid supplying means such as pumps and piping.
~ urthermore, the regulation of the flow rate of the injection was effected either by varying the pressure of the supply liquid or by varying the area of the nozzle opening. However, the former method provided poor atomization at a low flow rate (low pressure), as a remedy for which air or steam was additionally used on medium or large-sized boilers to enhance the atomization of liquid fuel, requiring more and more complicated and enlarged apparatus. On the other hand, the latter method required an extremely intricate construction of nozzle which was difficult to control and maintain.
In order to overcome the drawbacks to such conventional injection nozzles, attempts have been made to impart ultrasonic waves to liquid material while injecting it out through the jet of the injection nozzle under pressure.
However, the conventional ultrasonic liquid injecting ~.~75~
nozzle had so small capacity for spraying -that it was unsuitable for use as such injection nozzle as described above which required a large amount of atomized liquid.
As a result of extensive researches and experiments on the ultrasonic liq~id atomizing mechanism and the configuration of the ultrasonic vibrating element in an attempt to achieve atomization of a large amount of liquid, the present inventors have discovered that a large quantity of liquid may be atomized by forming an edged portion at the end of an ultrasonic vibrating element and delivering liquid to an along said edged portion in a film form, and have proposed an ultrasonic in~ection method and in~ection nozzle (see applicants European Patent Application No.
O 159 189 published October 23, 1985).
As a result of further researchers and experiments on the configuration of the vibrating elements of the various ultrasonic atomizing devices such as the ultrasonic in;ection nozzle of the type described above, the present inventors have found put that the geometry of the vibrating element has a great effect on the amount of liquid being atomized (sprayed) and the angle of spray spread.
Based on such novel knowledge, the present invention relates to the ultrasonic injection nozzle of the type according to the invention of the aforesaid prior patent application and other various ultrasonic atomizing apparatus, particularly to an improvement over the vibrating element for use with such ultrasonic atomizing apparatus and is characterized by the shape and dimensions of the vibrating element.
The invention provides an ultrasonic vibrating element for atomization capable of delivering liquid intermittently or continuously.
5~
The invention also provides a vlbrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is capable of spray spreading liquid over a wider angle, and delivering and spraying or in~ecting a larger quantity of liquid, as compared to the conventional atomizing apparatus and ultrasonic atomi~ing apparatus.
The invention again provides a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is capable of accomplishing consistent atomization in that there is no change in the conditions of atomization (flow rate and particle size) depending upon the properties, particularly viscosity of the supply liquid.
The present invention thus provides a vibrating element for ultrasonic atomiza-tion which is formed around its outer periphery with a multi-stepped edged portion having one or more steps, said edged portion being supplied with liquid to atomize said liquid, characterized by the height (h) and width (w) of each step being such that 0.2 mm s h ~ ~/4 and 0.2 mm ~ h ~ ~/4 wherein A is the wave length of the ultrasonic wave.
According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion of each step are such that 1 ~ h/w ~ 10.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a fragmentary front view of one embodiment of the vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus incorporating the vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization according to this invention;
Figs. 3 to 5 are fragmentary front views of alternate embodiments of the vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization according to this invention.
Description of the Embodiments First, one form of ultrasonic injection nozzle with which the vibrating element according to the present invention ~ ~75~
may be employed will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
While the present invention is suitably applicable to atomizing apparatus for various uses, it will herein be described with reference to a fuel noæzle for a gas turbine.
Referring to Fig. 2, an in~ection nozzle which is a fuel nozzle 10 for a gas turbine in the illustrated embodiment includes a generally cylindrical elongated valve housing 8 having a central bore 6 extending centrally therethrough.
A vibrating element 1 according to this invention is disposed extending through the central bore 6 of the valve housing 8.
The vibrating element 1 includes an upper body portion la, an elongated cylindrical vibrator shank lb having a diameter smaller than that of the body portion la, and a transition portion lc connecting the body portion la and shank lb. The body portion la has an enlarged diameter flange ld which is attached to the valve housing 8 by a shoulder 12 formed in the upper end of the valve housing 8 and an annular vibrator retainer 14 fastend to the upper end face of the valve housing by bolts ~not shown).
~ 7~
The forward end of the vibrating element 1, that is, the forward end of the shank lb is formed with an edged portion 2, the geometry of which will be described in details hereinafter. The valve housing 8 is formed through its lower end portion with one or more supply passages 4 for feeding fuel to said edged portion 2. The fuel supply port 16 of the supply passage ~ is supplied with liquid fuel through an external supply line (not shown) from a source of fuel (not shown). The flow and flow rate of fuel are controlled by a supply valve (not shown) disposed in the external supply line.
With the construction described above, the vibrating element 1 is continuously vibrated by an ultrasonic generator 100 operatively connected to the body portion la. Thus, liquid fuel is ~ed through the line, the supply valve and the supply passage 4 to the edged portion 2 where it is atomized and jetted outwardly.
The edged portion 2 of the vibrating element 1 is in the form of an annular staircase including five steps having progressively reduced diameters as shown in Fig. 5, but may be in the form of a staircase having two, three or four or six steps.
More specifically, with the construction as described above, as liquid which is fuel in the illustrated embodiment is delivered to the edged portion 2, the stream of fuel is ~ ~75~
severed and atomized at each edge. The fuel is first partially atomized at the edge (A) of the first step, and the excess portion of the fuel which has not been handled at the edge ~A) of the first step is fed successivel~ through the second step edge (B), the third step edge (C) and so forth to be handled thereby. At a higher flow rate of fuel requiring larger effective areas for atomization, more stepped edges are required~ At a lower flow rate, however, a smaller number of steps are required before the atomization is completed. With the vibrating-element 1 according to this invention, the number of steps required for atomization will vary with changes in the flow rate so as to insure generally uniform conditions such as the thickness of liquid film at the location of each step where the atomization takes place, resulting in uniform particle shape and size of the droplets being atomized. The vibrating element according to this invention provides for a full range of flow rates usually reguired for atomization so that atomi~ation of various types of liquid materials may be accomplished, whether it may be on an intermittent basis or on a continuous basis.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion shown in Fig.
1 is such that it may act to render the liquid filmy and to dam the li~uid flow. Researches and experiments conducted by the present inventors have shown that the height (h) and ~ ~75~;3~
width (w) of the edged portion must be kept ~n a predetermined range as follows in order to effect atomization of supplied liquid in a large quantity:
0.2 mm S h S A/4 (1) O.2 mm ~ w S ~/4 t23 wherein ~ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion of each step are such that 1 5 h/w 5 10. Particularly for the vibrating element of the configuration as illustrated in Fig. l the height (h) is preferably less than 4 mm. The wavelength of the ultrasonic wave is typically 5 cm to 50 cm depending upon the material (such as inconnel, titanium or the like) of which the vibrating element is made.
The output of the ultrasonic generator for exciting the vibrating element is on the order of 10 W, and the amplitude and frequency of vibration of the vibrating element are in the ranges of 30 to 70 ~m and 20 to 50 KHz, respectively.
The diameter (D) of the vibrating element is suitably in the range of ~/10 to ~/4. The greater the amplitude of ~ibration and the diameter (D), the greater the capacity for handling the liquid.
The vibrating element of the present invention is not limited to the configuration as shown in Fig. 1, but may take various forms as shown in Fig. 3 to 5.
~.~7~
The forward end of the vibrating element shown in Fig. 3 is formed with an annular edged portion 2 having one or more steps of equal diameter, three steps (A), (B), (C) in the illustrated embodiment. The shape of the edged portion 2 as viewed in the direction of the arrow (X) is not limited to a circular shape, but may be triangular, square or other polygonal shapes. According to the present invention, the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion 2 are sized as defined by the equations (1) and (2) as indicated herein-above. The angle (~) may be suitably selected. The angle of injection (angle of injection spread) may be adjusted by selecting the height (h), width (w) and engle (~) as desired.
While the edged portion 2 has been described as comprising protrusions (A), (B) and (C) which are all of the same angular shape, those protrusions need not be of angular shape but may be of any other shape, provided that they are formed around their outer periphery with edges.
Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate alternate embodiments of this invention in which the multi-stepped edged portion having one or more steps 2 is formed around the inner periphery of the forward end of the vibrating element 1. Again in these embodiments, satisfactory atomization may be achieved if the aforesaid conditions are satisfied. Of course, in these embodiments, liquid is fed to the edged portion through a liquid supply passage 4 formed through the vibrating element.
~.~75~..;3~
An example of various parameters and dimensions of the ultrasonic atomizing apparatus according to this invention is as follows: It has been found that such construction provides for atomization in a ve:ry large amount.
Output of ultrasonic vibration generating means: 10 watts Amplitude of vibration of vibrating element: 30 ~m Frequency of vibration of vibrating element: 38 KHz Geometry of edged portion (embodiment of Fig. 1 Width (w) of edged portion: 0.5 mm (diameter D of vibrating element edged portion) First step: 7 mm in diameter (Do) Second step: 6 mm in diameter Third step: 5 mm in diameter Fourth step: 4 mm in-diameter Fifth step: 3 mm in diameter (d) Height of each step: 2 mm Fuel Type of oil: Gas oil Flow rate: ~ 0.06 cm3 per injection Injection pressure: 1~ 70 kg/cm2 Temperature~ normal temperature Material of which the vibrating element is made: Titanium s~
Effects of the Invention As is described hereinabove, the vibrating element having a geometry defined according to the present invention is capable of providing a wider angle of spray spread and achieving atomization in a large amount, and thereby enables the provision of an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus capable of accomplishing consistent atomization in that there is no change in the conditions of atomization (flow rate and particle size) depending upon the properties, particularly viscosity of the supply liquid.
Claims
1) A vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization which is formed around its outer periphery with a multi-stepped edged portion having one or more steps, said edged portion being supplied with liquid to atomize said liquid, characterized by the height (h) and width (w) of each step being such that 0.2 mm ? h ? .lambda./4 and 0.2 mm ? w ? .lambda./4 wherein .lambda. is the wave length of the ultrasonic wave.
2) The vibrating element for ultrasonic injection according to claim 1 wherein the height (h) and width (w) of the edged portion of each step is such that
1 ? h/w ? 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP100935/1985 | 1985-05-13 | ||
| JP10093585A JPS61259780A (en) | 1985-05-13 | 1985-05-13 | Vibrator for ultrasonic atomization |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1275132A true CA1275132A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
Family
ID=14287207
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000493287A Expired - Lifetime CA1282657C (en) | 1985-05-13 | 1985-10-18 | Ultrasonic injecting method and injection nozzle |
| CA000508956A Expired CA1275132A (en) | 1985-05-13 | 1986-05-12 | Vibrating element for ultrasonic atomization |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000493287A Expired - Lifetime CA1282657C (en) | 1985-05-13 | 1985-10-18 | Ultrasonic injecting method and injection nozzle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0202381B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61259780A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN85107669B (en) |
| CA (2) | CA1282657C (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU5270490A (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-10-09 | Karl Holm | An atomizing nozzle device for atomizing a fluid and an inhaler |
| US4986248A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1991-01-22 | Tonen Corporation | Fuel supply system for internal combustion engine using an ultrasonic atomizer |
| FR2665849B1 (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1995-03-24 | Dynamad | ULTRASONIC DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PARTICLES. |
| US6020277A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 2000-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric strands with enhanced tensile strength, nonwoven webs including such strands, and methods for making same |
| ZA969680B (en) | 1995-12-21 | 1997-06-12 | Kimberly Clark Co | Ultrasonic liquid fuel injection on apparatus and method |
| US6053424A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-04-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ultrasonically producing a spray of liquid |
| US5801106A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-09-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymeric strands with high surface area or altered surface properties |
| US6543700B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-04-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic unitized fuel injector with ceramic valve body |
| US6663027B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-12-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Unitized injector modified for ultrasonically stimulated operation |
| CN2562869Y (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2003-07-30 | 李化民 | Liquid catalytic machine |
| DE10301367A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2004-07-29 | Mahle Gmbh | Method for making shaker bores in the cooling channel of a one-piece piston |
| US7735751B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2010-06-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid delivery device |
| FR2916810B1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-08-28 | Renault Sas | FLUID INJECTION DEVICE |
| CA2705751C (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2014-08-19 | Spraying Systems Co. | Ultrasonic atomizing nozzle with cone-spray feature |
| CN101592100B (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-10-05 | 靳北彪 | Gas pulse timing vibration source fuel injector for engine |
| DE102009056839A1 (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2011-06-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a steam turbine, steam turbine and atomizer |
| WO2011068144A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Piezoelectric micro-blower |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE852275C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1952-10-13 | Ultrakust Geraetebau Dipl Ing | Attachment tube for an ultrasonic transmitter for the transmission of ultrasonic waves to the human body |
| FR1271341A (en) * | 1959-12-14 | 1961-09-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of applying coating materials and devices for its implementation |
| US3373752A (en) * | 1962-11-13 | 1968-03-19 | Inoue Kiyoshi | Method for the ultrasonic cleaning of surfaces |
| US3400892A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1968-09-10 | Battelle Development Corp | Resonant vibratory apparatus |
| US3756575A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1973-09-04 | Resources Research & Dev Corp | Apparatus for producing a fuel-air mixture by sonic energy |
| FR2180753A1 (en) * | 1972-12-01 | 1973-11-30 | Plessey Handel Investment Ag | |
| US4048963A (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1977-09-20 | Eric Charles Cottell | Combustion method comprising burning an intimate emulsion of fuel and water |
| US4474326A (en) * | 1981-11-24 | 1984-10-02 | Tdk Electronics Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic atomizing device |
| DE3233901C2 (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1986-11-06 | Lechler Gmbh & Co Kg, 7012 Fellbach | Ultrasonic liquid atomizer |
| JPS60222552A (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1985-11-07 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | Ultrasonic injection method and injection valve |
-
1985
- 1985-05-13 JP JP10093585A patent/JPS61259780A/en active Pending
- 1985-10-17 EP EP19850307524 patent/EP0202381B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-18 CA CA000493287A patent/CA1282657C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-18 CN CN85107669A patent/CN85107669B/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-05-12 CA CA000508956A patent/CA1275132A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-13 EP EP86303613A patent/EP0202100A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0202381B1 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
| JPS61259780A (en) | 1986-11-18 |
| CN85107669B (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| CN85107669A (en) | 1986-11-12 |
| EP0202381A1 (en) | 1986-11-26 |
| CA1282657C (en) | 1991-04-09 |
| EP0202100A1 (en) | 1986-11-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |