CA1273682A - Method of producing heat with microwaves - Google Patents
Method of producing heat with microwavesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1273682A CA1273682A CA000530614A CA530614A CA1273682A CA 1273682 A CA1273682 A CA 1273682A CA 000530614 A CA000530614 A CA 000530614A CA 530614 A CA530614 A CA 530614A CA 1273682 A CA1273682 A CA 1273682A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- microwaves
- microwave
- heat
- heating
- absorption material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
- H05B6/782—Arrangements for continuous movement of material wherein the material moved is food
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A microwave energy source is associated with a heating medium containing a microwave energy absorption material so that the heating medium is heated to a high temperature when it is irradiated with microwave energy and produces infrared heat energy. The heating medium can be incorporated in a cooking dish or on the interior of a heat insulating housing.
A microwave energy source is associated with a heating medium containing a microwave energy absorption material so that the heating medium is heated to a high temperature when it is irradiated with microwave energy and produces infrared heat energy. The heating medium can be incorporated in a cooking dish or on the interior of a heat insulating housing.
Description
~ ,7 3 ~ ~
The present invention relates to a me-thod of producing heat with use of microwaves capable of directly producing the heat from an article to be heated by irradiating the article with microwaves thereonto.
Conventionally, a heating apparatus for applying china-painting on an artlcle such as pottery and glass containers, etc., bakes the article at high temperature in a baking furnace in a factory of manufacturing it, and hence it requires an exclu-sive calcining furnace capable of being raised to a high tempera-ture. Accordingly, it was impossible to find pleasure personally in baking the article for china painting.
In addition, in a heating apparatus for cooking, microwaves for irradiation are absorbed by a material to be cooked, which material is thus cooked by heat produced in itself~
Thereupon, pottery and a glass container to house the material do not absorb the microwaves, so that the material is insufficiently heated, unlike direct heating, and it cannot be nice-smelling with the browned parts thereof. Moreover, the material is to be cooked produces heat substantially due to collision of con-stituent molecules thereof with surrounding water molecules, and hence a material with a reduced content of water therein has bad efficiency to produce heat. Furthermore, the matérial cannot raise its temperature beyond a boiling polnt of the water con-tained therein and thereby cannot be cooked under strong heating.
Furthermore, in a microwave heating apparatus, an arti-cle to be heated disposed interiorly of a ~urnace body béing insulated in heat from the outside is directly irradiated with microwaves exteriorly of the furnace for its heating. However, a heating apparatus of this type is adapted to directly heat an article to be heated. Accordingly, provided the article absorbs few microwaves, the conversion efficiency of irradiated microwaves becomes low. Thus, it was impossible to heat the article to desired high temperature. For example, to heat an ~ 3 ~
article with little absorption of microwaves, such as pottery, to high temperature for drying and calcining them, the apparatus could not work out effectively.
Furthermore, another microwave heating apparatus, e.g., a continuous type, is adapted in general to have its burning part for gas or liquid fuel disposed along the way in which the work-pieces are fed. However, the pressure in its furnace is varied due to combustion gas produced upon combustion, so that adjust-ment of the temperature and the atmosphere in the furnace is dif-ficult, as w~ll as uniform heating over an article to be heated is impossible, and bad thermal efficiency is achieved owing to discharge of high temperature combustion exhaust gas.
To solve the drawbacXs of the prior art described above, the present invention provides a method of baking an arti-cle such as pottery and glass containers, etc., at high tempera-ture for applytng china painting thereonto with use of a domestic electronic oven.
The present invention also provides a method o~ assur-ing ideal cooking by properly balancing, upon heating a material to be cooked and adjusting the degree of the heating in the domestic electronic oven, the radiakion heat available from the glass vessel itself produced as a result o* irradiation of microwaves ther~onto and the heating of the material by microwaves directly acting thereon.
The present invention again provides a method of pro-ducing heat by microwaves with use of a simple structured furnace having a heat producing wall of higher microwave absorption effi-ciency, said wall enabli~lg effective microwave heatlng.
The method of producing heat with microwaves according to the present invention comprisPs: (l) a method of producing heat adapted to mix or adhere a microwave absorption material ~3~
and/or metal particles into or to a heating medium, and irradiate the heating medium with microwaves; (2) a method of producing heat for cooking adapted to mix or adhere a microwave absorption material and/or metal particles into or to a heating medium mainly composed of a pottery raw matPrial and irradiate the heat-ing medium with microwaves; (3) a method of producing heat for china-painting adapted to form a container to be housed in a domestic electronic oven with a heat insulating material, house an article to be subjected to chain-painting, such as pottery and glass container, in the container, arrange a heating medium with use of a microwave absorption material and/or metal particles as r a main component on an inner peripheral wall part of the housing part in a confronting relation with a surface of the article sub-jected to china-painting, and irradia-te the heating medium so provided with microwaves; ~4) a method of producing heat for cooking adapted to dispose a heating medium mainly composed of a microwave absorption material on an inner wall part of an outer casing comprising a heat insulating material, mount a container in a surrounding relation by the treating medium, put a cover on the container, and irradiate the heating medium with microwaves;
lo (5) a method of producing heat adapted to form a heating wall material with use of a material mainly composed of a microwave absorption material and metal particles via a heat resisting binder, construct a furnace wall of a furnace with use of the heating wall material while arranging a heat insulating material capable of transmitting microwaves on an outer periphery of a heating conductor, dispose a microwave irradiation equipment externally of the heat insulating material in a ~3~
confrontillc~ rela~ioll witl~ tlle lleatinY wall nlatelicll and irr(l(lia~e ll~e lleati~ wall Ina tel~ i al w i tl~ nli Cl`OWaVeS I rolll tlle microwave irlatli;ltioll equiPlllent (6) a method of Pl'O~UCill~J l~eat ada~ted lo arrall~Je a -tunnel-sl~aped furnace in t~le course Or a :onve~al~ce 1~3 tll for a cunveYor device servinc3 to place on ar-ticle to be heated thereon and con~eY tlle article. disPose a l-eatinc3 nledium comprising a material mainlY comPosetl of a microwave absorption n~aterial on the innel wall surfac~ of -the -tunnel-srlaped furnace. arran~e a n~icrowave irradiatiorl e4uipment for microwave irl~adiation externallY oI llle furnace ill a confron-tillg relation with the ~lea-tincJ meclium alld irlatliate tl)e- lleatins wall material wi-tll microwaves radiated frolll tlle microwave irradiatioIl eclui~>nlellt.
According -to tlle present invell-tion. as desc~ ed above. a heatills medium effectivelY absorbs irradia-ted microwaves whereby the heatins mediuln reacl~es l~ h -temperature in a sllort time while an article to ~e heated is l~eated bY radlation l~eat in -the sanle mallner as ~ein~
sub~ected to al~ oPen fire and clried al~cd baked. In addition in bakills a Pattern a~Plied on a surLace of an ar~icle suc~l as PotterY ancl glass containers tl~e ~atte-rn is first drawn on tlle surface of tl~e ar-ticle witl~ use oI
paints of a n~etallic oxic3e capavle of }~roducincJ a pres Cl`i bed color wllen calcined. and tl~e article is lloused in the llousincJ Part and sealecl. Tl~en with -the heating mediunl irratliated witl~ miclowaves the lleatln~J n~ediuln reacl~es l~i~JIl te~inperature in a sllort tin~e beconles retl-l~ot ` - ~
~ ~ ~3 ~ ~
and radla-tes radiatio~ eat. llerebY~ the arlicle is indilectly lleated and l~ence t~le pattern is oxidized and baked on a base surface of the article. Moreover. IJI)OII
cooklns. varlous articles to be cooked is ~ut in the heatillg a~paratus and witll a heatin~ mediunl Irradiated witll microwaves the heating medium reaches hi~3h temperature in a short time alld beconles red-hot. Thus the article is cooked bY radiation hea-t froln the heatirlcJ
medium under tl~e same heating conditiolls as -those in heatlng cooking bY an oPen fire. Furthermore. irradiated a heatills wall material with microwaves from the microwave irradlation ec~uipment after an article -to be t~eated is housed in -the furnace in oPpositiorl to the llea~incJ wall ma-terial -the ~eatlncJ wall material is irradiated witt~ lhe microwaves throug~ an insulating Inaterial and llel~ce the heatins material absorbs the microwaves and produces heat.
while carbon comPonents contai~led in -the metal particles likewise produce heat. Still more. the furnace is adapted to Properly reflec-t microwaves existellt thereill to Perlllit absorption efflclencY thereof bY nlicrowave ahsorbirls componellts to be increased and therebY -tlle ileatins wall material to be heated in itself to high temperature. In addition owing to the action of radiatioll heat bY tl~e microwaves so reflected in the furnace an article disposed in the furllace is illdlrectly heated. Furtlle~ ore.
employed the Presellt lleating apparatus as a conveYallce arld an equipment of contilluously Producing heat. a temPeratUl~e sradient tl~roush tlle furnace body can arbltrarilY set ~)Y
' adjusting the intensity of microwaves irradiated from the microwave irradiation equipment, whereby pottery, foods, and other articles to be heated can be dried or baked properly.
Thus, according to the present invention there is pro-vided a method of forming a painted object which comprises the steps of: placing in a microwave oven a closed container made of heat insulating material which is substantially transparent to microwave radiation, said container containing therein a glass or ceramic object having a surface decorated with a paint containing a metal oxide, the internal wall of said container being par-tially covered by a layer of microwave absorption material which is adhered to said inner wall and is disposed in directly con-fronting relationship only to the decorated surface of said object and is spaced therefrom, said microwave absorption mate-rial comprising a substance selected from the group consisting of powdered carbon and silicon carbide; and irradiating said con-tainer with microwaves whereby to heat said layer of microwaves absorption material and thereby indirectly heat said ob~ect and oxidize and bake said paint on said decorated surface of said object without deforming said object. Suitably said microwave absorption material includes at least one additional substance selected from the group consistlng of brass powder and aluminum powder.
The present invention also provides a method for cook-ing, comprising the steps of placing in a microwave oven a cup-shaped container, at least a part of which is made of heat insu-lating material which is substantially transparent to microwave radiation, said container havlng an internal cavity, all of the walls of which cavity are lined with and covered by a layer of microwave absorption material which is adhered to said walls, a cooking vessel corresponding in shape to and snugly slidably received in said cavity and contacting the entirety of the inner surface of said layer of microwave absorption material, said cooking vessel containing a foodstuff therein, a cover closing ~.~"'~3 6 ~
the open side of said container and said vessel, said vessel and said cover being made of a material which can transmit or re~lect microwaves; said microwave absorption material comprising a sub-stance selected from -the group consisting of powdered carbon and silicon carbide; and irradiating said container with microwaves to heat the contents of said vessel to a high temperature. Suit-ably said microwave absorption material lncludes at least one additional substance selected from the group consisting of brass powder and aluminum powder.
The present invention will be further lllustrated by way of the following description when taken in con~unction with the accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown and in which:-Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cooking heating apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig.s 2 and 3 are respectively a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment;
Fig.s 4 and 5 are respectively a cross-sectional view illustrating sub~ecting pottery to china-painting, with use of a microwav~ absorption material according to the third embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustratiny the same;
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of use of a cooking heating apparatus according to the fourth embodiment;
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of use of a heating apparatus according to the fifth embodiment;
Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a state of use of an apparatus of continuously producing heat according to ~ '3 the sixth embodiment;
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of use of the sixth embodiment; and Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment according to the sixth embodiment.
An embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accom-panying drawings.
As shown in Fig. 1, designated at 1 is a cooking and heating apparatus, such as a dish, a pot or a ceramic plate, mainly composed of a pottery raw material, and a heating medium 2 of the heating apparatus 1 containing a microwave absorption material 3 comprising powdered carbon and silicon carbide mixed thereinto. The apparatus is formed into an arbitrary shape through ordinary processes of forming, painting, drying and cal-cination.
In addition, the rate of mixing the microwave absorp-tion material 3 into the heating medium 2 is desirably set to 50%
or more when expecting effective heating, but it may also be 50 or less without any limit thereto.
Moreover, the microwave absorption material 3 may be adapted to adhere to part of an outer surface of the heating medium 2 or the whole surface thereof as shown in Fig.s 2 and 3 by applying the microwave absorption material 3 mlxed into a proper adhesive material on the outer surface of the heating medium 2 at a proper location and baking it at high temperature or sintering it into a thin sheet via a heat resistant binder.
Hereupon, to further improve the efficiency of heat production of the heating medium 2, proper metallic powder such _ g _ ~ ,4~3~
as cas-ting powder, brass powder, and aluminum powder, may be mixed into the heating medium 2 in addition to the ~icrowave absorption material 3, and more particularly casting powder con-taining carbon may be optimum as material quality although the mixing rate of metallic powder and material quality is not lim-ited in particular.
Moreover, describing the third embodiment as shown in Fig. 4, designated at 4 is a painting heating apparatus for pot-tery, etc., which is box-shaped and slzed so as to be housed in a cooking part of an electronic oven 5 and is composed of a clos0d top container comprising a container 6 and a cover 7 formed with a proper heat insulating material or reduced microwave loss, the interior of which container 6 is employed as a housing part 9 of an article 8 such as a dish and a cup, etc., made of pot-tery and glass. In addition, the heating apparatus 4 is adapted to have arranged on the inner peripheral wall part 10 of the housing part 9, at a proper position thereon a heating medium 12 mainly com--posed of a microwave absorption material 11 comprising powder of carbon and silicon carbide, etc., serving to absorb microwaves and thereby produce heat, in a confronting relation with the - 9a -,73 ~
~aintills surIace 13 of the article 8 lo be llvused.
Moreover, the heatins mediulll 12 is forlllecl by a~lYincJ
the nIicrowave absorption i11aterial 11 mixed into a ~roper adhesive ma-terial on the inner PeriPheral wall Part 10 at a Proper Positiol1 thereof ancl baking it at 1114h temperature or sintering i-t into a -thin Plate via a heat resistant bindel.
Desisnated at 14 is a pa-ttern arbitrarlly drawn on a surface of tl~e article 8 with use of a metal oxicle developins a ProPer color due to hicJh teInperature oxidatiol~ by nIealls of a writillg brush and anY tral~sfer, etc.
~ lereupon, to furtl~er improve efficiency of pl~oductillY
heat from the ~eating mediuIn 12 of the paintil1g heatil1~J
apparatus 4, proper metallic Particles such as castir1g powder, brass powder, and aluminurn powder, etc. t nlay be mixed into the heating medium 12 as a mail1 conlPonellt thereof in additiol1 to the microwave absorPtiol1Illatelial~
111 succession, describinY -tlle fourth inventi C)ll, as showll in Fig. 7, desigl1ated a-t 15 is a cookillc3 heatil1~3 apparatus for cooking rice, meat, and foods, etc., housed in the electronic oven, which is adapted to have on the peripheral and bottom surfaces a heatil1s mediunl 19 mainlY
coll~posed of a rnicrowave absorption ma-terial 18 conlPrising carbon and silicon carbide, etc., or fornled bY mixins proPer me-tal particles such as casting powder, brass powder, and alumirlum Powder~ etc., and apPlied on an in~ler wall Part 17 of an outer t~lick c~lindrical casin~3 IG
.. . . .
3~
collstructed prol~erlY with a heat insulati~ natericll via a lleat insulatinY b~n~er alld sintered Into a -thin }~late or aPplied bY ~>roPerly mixing -the microwave absorPtion ma-terial 1~ in-to an adhesive material, and furtl~ernlore baked at llisl~ teulperature illtO a lamellar sllape.
Moreover, -tlle heating medium 19 is adaPted to llave a cookins con-tainer 20 such as a Pan~ an iroll pot, and a fryins pan, etc., on an inller perlPheral surface part thereof so as to surround it in contact with an outer periphery of the con-tainer 20, -the coll-tainer 21) being furthermore covered removably with a covel; 21 Ol~ tlle ul~per end opening Part -thereof.
Moreover, the container 20 and -the COVe`l` 21 respectively emploY a material caPable of translnittil~s nlicrowaves such as pottery, etc., or a metalllc l~aterial caPable of reflec-tills miclowaves such as alumillulll and stalllless steel, etc., selectively in resPollse -to -t~le purpose in concern. ThereuPoll~ the microwave tl~ansmittillY
material allows an article 22 to be cooked Placed i~ -tlle container 20 to be directlY heated bY trallsmission of nlicrowaves throusll tlle containel- 20 or the cover 21, while tl~e microwave reflectins material allows tl~e ar-ticle 22 -to be cooked onlY witll a heating action bY radiativn hea-t froin tl~e container 20 while shiel~ing irradiation of microwaves into the ar-ticle 22.
Describing tl~ell the fifth illventioll, desi~nated at 23 i 5 a heating aPparatus~ wllich COlIS i S ts of a lamellar heatills mediulll 25 to construct prescri~ed in-furllace sPace 24, the heatillg mediulll 25 incluclin~J a microwave a~soll>tiol~
material mairlly composed of carbol~ and silicon carbi~e capable of sufficiently absorbinY miclowavesl and proper metal Particles such as casting powder, brass powdel~, al~d alumilla powder, etc., into a Proper shaPe correspollcli]ls to the l~eating medium 25 via a proper hea-t resistant binder to thereby from the lleating wall l~aterial 26 which per se comprises t~e heating medium 25 of the heatins equiPment 23.
Moreover, althoug}l a rate o.~ the mixing of the metal particles and a matelial quali tY thereof are not limited in Particular~ cas-ting powder,etc., containll-ls a carbo fraction may be oPtimum as -the material quali-tY.
Furthermore, a fibrous heat insulatinY material 27 is arralltJed on all outer PeriPheral part of -the hea-tills wall material 26, which comprises a material of low microwave loss for blockins lleat radiatioll directed ou-twardlY of the heatiny wall material 26, while a microwave lrradiatio eqUiPlllellt 29 iS arransed ou-twardly of -the heatil~ wall material 26 via a wavegulde 28 for guiding mlcrowaves from the outslde of the heating aPparatus 23 i n a confrolltills relation with an arbitrary wall surface of the heatirl~J
wall material 2G.
Moreover, tlle heating aPparatus 23 iS adaPted to be covered with an outer casing mem~er 30 in an air-tight manner at need while it maY be adaPted -to have the furnace interior space 2~ -thereof macle vacuum by COllneC t i 11~ a vacuuln PumP 31 with all inside space of the ou-ter casing ~ ~'7~ 3 member 30.
In succession, describing the sixth embodlment, desig-nated at 32, is a continuous microwave heating apparatus, which consists of a conveyor device 33 for successively placing art-icles W to be heated thereon in order and conveying them, and tunnel-shaped furnace 34 arranged in the course of a conveyance path.
The conveyor device 33 comprises a net conveyor 37 dis-posed from an inlet 35 to an outlet 36 of the furnace 34, wherein articles W to be heated are placed and aligned on a heat resis-tance net 39 driven by a roller 38 and further conveyed ln the furnace 34 and allowed to pass therethrough.
The furnace 34 consists of a heat insulating material 40 comprising a material of reduced microwave loss and an outer casing 41 adapted to cover the heat insulating material 40 there-with and be capable of reflecting microwaves incident thereon.
On a furnace wall 42 inside the furnace 34 a heating medium 43 is arranged at the prescribed position thPreof set corrssponding to a temperature gradient specified for drying and calcining an article W to be heated such as pottery, foods, and other proper materials, and dlsposed in a confronting relation wlth the upper and lower surfaces and left and right surfaces of the conveyor device 33 or an arbitrary surface thereof. ThP heatlng medium 43 comprising a microwave absorption material mainly composed of carbon and silicon carbide capable of highly absorbing microwaves or a material obtained by properly mixing metal particles such as casting powder, brass powder, and alumina powder into the microwave absorption material.
Moreover, the furnace 34 is adapted to have a microwave irradiation equipment 44 disposed outwardly thereof, while it is adapted to have a waveguide for guiding microwaves rad~ated from the microwave irradiation equipment 44 introduced into and con-~ 6 ~
nected with the furnace wall ~2 in opposition to a position of arranging the heating medium 43.
Still more, Fig. ll shows another embodiment arranged with a truck 47 pushed and conveyed continuously.
Descrlbing in succession a method of producing heat according to the present invention, in the cooking heating appa-ratus, various kinds of articles to be cooked are first put into the heating medium 2, the heating medium 2 being disposed in a cooking part of the electronic oven. Turned on the electronic oven in accordance with an ordinary method of cooking r microwaves belng irradiated are effectively absorbed by the microwave absorption material 3 upon passing through the heating medium 2 to the electronic oven to permit the heating medium 2 to reach high temperature in a short time. Due to the heat transfer prop~
erty of which the heating medium 2, the article placed interiorly of the heating medium 2 is directly heated from -the inner wall part of the heating medium under the same conditlons as those in cooking by an open fire~
Moreover, the article to be cooked undergoes not only the heat kransfer action from the wall surface of the heating medium 2 but heating action caused by ordinary microwave absorp-tion by the article for achieving effective cooking by heating.
Still more, it has been found experimentally that when the microwave absorption material 3 and the metal partlcles are mixed in a ratio of about 10:4, heat production of the heating medium 2 by microwaves is improved wherein the temperature is raised and that speed of the temperature is lncreased by about 50% as compared with a case of the use of only the microwave absorption material 3.
According to the third embodiment profitably employing the painting heating apparatus 4, a pattern 14 is baked on a sur~
face of an article 8, such as pottery and glass containers, as follows: First, a prescribed pattern 14 is adhered to the surface of the article 8 by drawing or painting paints of a metal oxide capable of developing prescribed colors with calcination and then the article 8 is housed in the housing part 9 of the heating apparatus 4 and sealed up with use of the cover 7. In succes-sion, the heating apparatus 4 is placed in the cooklng part of the electronic oven 5, and with the electronic oven 5 being switched on, microwaves for irradiation pass -through the con-tainer 6 disposed on the outer wall of the heating apparatus 4and the cover 7 and enters thereinto substantially without under-going absorption loss and reach the heating medium 12 mainly com-posed as described before of the microwave absorption material 11 such as carbon and silicon carbide, etc., which heating medium 12 thereupon absorbs the irradiated microwaves effectively, reaches high temperature of about 900C in a short time, and becomes a hot-red state, due to radiatlon heat from which heating medium 12 the article 8 is indirectly heated whereby the pattern 14 is oxi-dized and baked on the base surface of the article 8.
Moreover, mixed the microwave absorption material 11 and the metal articles in a ratio of about 10:4, a result has been experimentally found that the final temperature and the speed of the temperature rise can be improved by about 50% like-wise the second embodiment.
According to the fourth embodiment profitably employingthe cooking heating apparatus 15, cooking is performed as fol-lows: First, various kinds of articles 22 to be cooked are put in the heating apparatus 15, which apparatus 15 is then placed ln the cooking part of the electronic oven. Then the electronic oven is switched on in accordance with an ordinary method o~
cooking, microwaves irradiated in the electronic oven are effec-tively absorbed by the heating medium 19 of the heating apparatus 15, whereby the heating medium 19 is heated to high temperature in a short time. Due to radiation heat from the heating medium r~ r ~
19r the container 20 disposed in the oven is heated to cook the article 22 with the aid of heat transferred from the container 20 under the same heating conditions as those in heating cooking by an open fire.
Upon cooking with use of such an electronic oven, with the container 20 and the cover 21 comprising a material capable of reflecting microwaves such as stainless steel, the article is heated only with radiation heat from the heating medium 19, while with the same comprising a material capable of absorblng microwaves such as pottery, the microwaves are irradiated onto the article 22 disposed in the container 20 through the container 20 or the cover 21, and hence the article 22 is heated not only due to radiation heat from the heating medium 19 but also due to heat produced by permitting the article 22 to absorb the microwaves by itself. Accordingly, the heating by the radiatlon heat from the heating medium 19 is suitable for a case of needing heatin~ power egual to that by a strong open fire, while the heating by microwaves directly acting onto the article 22 is suitable for a case of rapidly heating the entire of the article 22 to a temperature at which water boils. Both are respectively optionally selected in accordance with how to cook the article in concern at that time.
In addition, with use of the cover 21 having a region capable of reflecting microwaves in part, the balance of the radiation heating from the heating medium 19 and the microwave heating directly acting on the article 22 can be ad~usted as needed.
According to the fifth embodiment, after an article W
to be heated is housed in the furnace interior space 2~
microwaves from the microwave irradiation equipment 29 are irra-diated on the heating wall material 26 opposing to the microwave irradiation apparatus 29 through the heat insulating material 27.
The microwave absorption material included in the heating wall material 26 absorbs the microwaves so irradiated and produces heat together with heat productlon effected by the carbon frac-tion contained in the metal particles in the same manner, the carbon fraction furthermore reflecting properly the mlcrowaves to enhance the absorption efficiency exhibited by the microwave absorption component. The heating wall material 26 constituting the heating medium 25 is thus allowed to absorb almost all the microwaves and is heated to high temperature in itself, whereby the article W disposed in the furnace interior space ~4 is indi-rectly heated by the irradiation heat received from the heatingmedium 25 accompanied by heating of the heating wall material 26.
According to the slxth embodimen-t, an article W to be heated is placed on the conveyor device 33 and conveyed in suc-cession from the inlet 35 to the outlet 36, while mlcrowaves from the microwave irradiation equipment 44 are guided through the waveguide 45 and irradiated on the heating medium 43 disposed in the furnace 34, whereby the microwave absorption material consti-tuting the heating medium 43 absorbs the irradiated microwaves and produces heat. Due to radiation heat form the heating medium 43 the article W conveyed by the conveyor device 33 is subjected to radiation heating in the course of 73 ~
passiny throu4h the furnace 34 ill accor~allce with a presclibed temperatllre gradlent set in t~e ful~nace 3~1.
Furtllernlore, the hea-ting aPParatus 32 accordill~ to the sixth invention can arbitrarilY set tlle temPerature yradient formed in the furnace 34 bY adjusting the power of the microwaves radiated from the microwave irradiatio aPparatus 44 for drYing or calcini2ls potterY~ fovds, and other proper ma-terials.
Concludins -the presellt invelltiorl, the microwave absorption material and/or the metal Particles are mixed into -tlle heatins medium or allowed to adhere thereto, and microwaves are irradiated on such a heatinY medium. The microwave absorPtion material 3 and/or metal par-tlcles is mixed with or adl~ered -to the l~eatins medium 2 composed n)alnly of the pot-tery raw material and -the microwave is radiated on -tlle heatins medium 2 so -tlla-t the microwave is radiated on the lleatillg mediul1l 2 in the elec-trorlic oven.
~lereby, the microwave absorption matelial 3 is adal~ted to a~sorb the mlcrowaves, whereby t~e ~lea-tins medium 2 Call be heated In Itself to lligll temperature equal -to that of opell fire. l'hus, the article Placed in the hea-tins medium 2 can be cooked by the hea-t transfer action from the wall surface of the heating medium 2 which is Producing ~eat naturally in tlle same manner as in an open fire. In addition, since tl~e heating medium 2 i-tself produces heat, temperature of the article after cooked can be anticiPated to be kep-t uncllallsed.
~ loreover, since t~-le microwave absorPtion material 3 ~ ~3~:i8~
and the metal Parlicles are mixed into the l~eatin~ medi Ull) or allowed -to adhere tller;eto as descl~ibed above, availa~le hiyl~ temperature resulted in bY irradiation of microwaves and a sPeed of tl~e temperature rise can greatlY be imProved.
In addition, tl~e heating aPparatus 4 to be }~oused in the dolnestic electronic oven 5 is formed bY a heat insulating material, the interior of which heatir1g aPPal'atUS ~ i5 emPloyed as the container 6 for an ar-ticle 8 such as pottery and glass containers, etc., to be painted. Tl~e heating medium 12 mainlY comPosed of -the microwave absorp-tion material 11 and/or the metal Particles is disposed on the inner Peripheral wall par-t 10 o-f the container 6 in a confrontincJ relation with t}~e painting surface 13 of the article 8, which heatin~ medium 12 is irradiated Wi th microwaves. Accordir1gly, a simPle kiln capable of raising ternPerature to a~out 1000 C in a home with ease can be Provi~ed with use of -the doIllestic electronlc oven 5, whereby anY pattern 14 can be baked in earnest on -the surface of the ar-ticle 8 such as pottery and glass containers in a home. Moreover, a non-Llame heating action bY microwaves in the electronic oven 5 is emploYed as a heat source without use of heat Produced by burning of gas, etc., with a flame, and hence the operation of the heating apparatus is free from ~an~Jer.
Still more, also in industrial appllcations, the Pl~eserlt apparatus can be effectively employed for china-pailItills of many kinds and a small quantitY. Furthermore, the ~ 2U
73 ~
heatiny medium 12 can reacl~ high temperature in a sllurt -time after irradiation of microwaves, while sur~aces opposing -to the ~leating medi um 12 can be heated in l~art bY
radiation. In addition, rapid lowering of temperatule can be assured bY interruPting tlle irradiation of microwaves.
Accordingly, althoucJh china-Paintins to for examPlè a crYstal Product of a low softenins Point~ Particularly -to a beaker having a -thin elongated leg was conve~ltiollallY
impossible, such a product can also be sub~ected with ease -to china-paintinc3 without deformins a leg Part thereof.
In addition, the heatins nnedium is n~ainlY comPvsed of the microwave absorPtion material 1~ and tlle metal particles, whereby attainable hea-ting temperature and a speed of the temperature rise bY irradiation of micrvwaves can sharply be improved.
Moreover, the heating medium 19 mainlY composed of the microwave absorPtion material l~ is arransed OII the inner wall Part 17 of the heat insulating ou-ter casing 16, and the container 20 is moulIted so as to be surrounded bY
the heating medium 19 while -the co~I-tainer 20 is covered with the cover 21, the heatiIls medium 19 being adaPted -to be irradiated with microwaves. AccordinYly~ irradiated -the heatins aPparatus 15 in the electronic oven with microwaves, -the heating medl UDl I 9 S urroundill~ -the col1tainer 20 is adaPted to absorb the microwaves al~d is therebY heated to high temPerature. Thus, the ar-ticle 22 can be cooked by radiatiol~ heat from the heating medium 19 throush the colItainer 2U under t~le same condi-tiotIs of hi~h ~ 21 ~ 7~
temperature heating as those in an open fire by a flame. In addition~ with the container 20 and the cover 21 being formed with a matPrial capable of reflecting microwaves, the article 22 can be heated in the same manner as in heating by a strong open fire without being dlrectly heated by microwaves, while with the container ~.0 and the cover 21 being formed with a material cap-able of absorbing microwaves, the article 22 is sub~ected not only to heating by radiation from the heating medium 19 but also to direct heating by microwaves. Therefore, effective heating obtained by the direct heating or the microwave heating can be assured, which can accordingly be applied to various cooking for rice, meat, and other foods. Moreover, the heating medium 19 produces hea-t in itself, while the heating apparatus 15 is adapted to have the heat insulating outer casing 16 t whereby the heating apparatus can exhibit a heat insulation effect satisfac-torily serving as a heat insulating container after cooking.
Furthermore, the heating wall material 26 is formed by a material mainly composed of the microwave absorption material and the metal particles via the heat resistant binder. A furnace wall is cons-tructed with the heating wall material 26, while the heat insulating material 27 capable of transmitting microwaves is disposed on the outer peripheral part of the heating wall mate-rial 26 and ~urthermore the mlcrowave irradiation apparatus 27 is arranged externally of the heat insulating material 2-/ in 3~
OppOSitiOll to the hea-t.illg wall matelial 26, -tlle l~e~tins wall material 26 belng irradiated with microwaves from -tlle micIowave irradiation equipmellt 29. Accvrdill~JlY~ since the heatills medium 25 is cons-tructed wi-th the heatirls wall material 26 bY itselI serving to effectivelY pro~uce llea-t with irradiatiorl of microwaves, the article W disl~osed in the furllace interior space 24 can effectivelY be heated bY
-the radiation hea-t action of the whole of -the heati medium 25, wllereby even an ar-ticle W havills reduced absorptivi-ty of microwaves can effec-tivelY be subJected to microwave heating corresPollding to heat resistance of the heating wall materlal 26. In addition. -the heat lnsulating material 27 capable of transn)ittins microwaves is disPosed on the outer Peripheral Part of the hea-ting wall material 26. and the microwave irradia-tion equiPn)ent 29 is arranged ex-ternally of the heat insulatin~J ma-terial 27 in a confrontillg relation with -the lleatincJ wall material 26. T.herefore, incoming microwaves from the outside can be irradia-ted onto the heating wall material 26 wlthou-t anY attenua-tion thereof, while anY heat can be prevented from diffusing outwardlY of the heating wall material 26 for assuring effective heating. Furthermore, since the microwave absorPtion material is mixed into the heatins wall material 26 together with the metal particles, -the metal Particles ProPerly reflectes microwaves being incident thereon for enhancinY absorPtion efficiency bY the microwave absorptioll compolle~lt, and thereby heatirlg efficiellcY of the heatinY wall ma-terial 26 ~ 3 ~
can furthermore be improved. Moreover, also for the arrangement of the microwave heating apparatus 23, since the heating wall material 26 is employed in itself also as to heating medium 25, it can be simplified in :Lts structure by the use of the heating wall material 26 and the heat insulating material 27, whereby it can widely be utilized as an inexpensive heating furnace for cal-cining and drying pottery and others.
Still more, the tunnel-shaped furnace 34 is arranged in the course of the conveyance path of the conveyor device 33. An article W to be heated is placed and conveyed on conveyor device 33. On the furnace wall 42 inner surface, the heating medium 43 comprising a material mainly composed of the microwave absorption material is arranged. The microwave irradiation device 44 for radiating microwaves is arranged externally of the furnace 34 in a confronting relation with the heating medium 43, microwaves from which device 44 are irradiated on the heatlng medium 43.
Acordingly, the article W conveyed on the conveyor device 33 can be heated in an arbitrary temperature gradient owing to radiation heat from the heating medium 43 effectively heated by the irra-diation of the mlcrowaves. In addi-tion, since combustion gas i5 prevented from belng produced unlike a combustion type furnace, ad~ustment of the atmosphere in the ~urnace such as pressura ls facilitated, whereby the artlcle W can be uniformly heated inde-pendently of a location of placing the article W. Moreover,since exhaustion of the combustion gas is made unnecessary, very excellent thermal efficiency can be assured without a fear of causing any environmental pollution. Furthermore, temperature in the furnace can be controlled with ease by electrlcally adjusting the microwave irradiation equipment 44, whereby practical effect can he greatly anticipated.
The present invention relates to a me-thod of producing heat with use of microwaves capable of directly producing the heat from an article to be heated by irradiating the article with microwaves thereonto.
Conventionally, a heating apparatus for applying china-painting on an artlcle such as pottery and glass containers, etc., bakes the article at high temperature in a baking furnace in a factory of manufacturing it, and hence it requires an exclu-sive calcining furnace capable of being raised to a high tempera-ture. Accordingly, it was impossible to find pleasure personally in baking the article for china painting.
In addition, in a heating apparatus for cooking, microwaves for irradiation are absorbed by a material to be cooked, which material is thus cooked by heat produced in itself~
Thereupon, pottery and a glass container to house the material do not absorb the microwaves, so that the material is insufficiently heated, unlike direct heating, and it cannot be nice-smelling with the browned parts thereof. Moreover, the material is to be cooked produces heat substantially due to collision of con-stituent molecules thereof with surrounding water molecules, and hence a material with a reduced content of water therein has bad efficiency to produce heat. Furthermore, the matérial cannot raise its temperature beyond a boiling polnt of the water con-tained therein and thereby cannot be cooked under strong heating.
Furthermore, in a microwave heating apparatus, an arti-cle to be heated disposed interiorly of a ~urnace body béing insulated in heat from the outside is directly irradiated with microwaves exteriorly of the furnace for its heating. However, a heating apparatus of this type is adapted to directly heat an article to be heated. Accordingly, provided the article absorbs few microwaves, the conversion efficiency of irradiated microwaves becomes low. Thus, it was impossible to heat the article to desired high temperature. For example, to heat an ~ 3 ~
article with little absorption of microwaves, such as pottery, to high temperature for drying and calcining them, the apparatus could not work out effectively.
Furthermore, another microwave heating apparatus, e.g., a continuous type, is adapted in general to have its burning part for gas or liquid fuel disposed along the way in which the work-pieces are fed. However, the pressure in its furnace is varied due to combustion gas produced upon combustion, so that adjust-ment of the temperature and the atmosphere in the furnace is dif-ficult, as w~ll as uniform heating over an article to be heated is impossible, and bad thermal efficiency is achieved owing to discharge of high temperature combustion exhaust gas.
To solve the drawbacXs of the prior art described above, the present invention provides a method of baking an arti-cle such as pottery and glass containers, etc., at high tempera-ture for applytng china painting thereonto with use of a domestic electronic oven.
The present invention also provides a method o~ assur-ing ideal cooking by properly balancing, upon heating a material to be cooked and adjusting the degree of the heating in the domestic electronic oven, the radiakion heat available from the glass vessel itself produced as a result o* irradiation of microwaves ther~onto and the heating of the material by microwaves directly acting thereon.
The present invention again provides a method of pro-ducing heat by microwaves with use of a simple structured furnace having a heat producing wall of higher microwave absorption effi-ciency, said wall enabli~lg effective microwave heatlng.
The method of producing heat with microwaves according to the present invention comprisPs: (l) a method of producing heat adapted to mix or adhere a microwave absorption material ~3~
and/or metal particles into or to a heating medium, and irradiate the heating medium with microwaves; (2) a method of producing heat for cooking adapted to mix or adhere a microwave absorption material and/or metal particles into or to a heating medium mainly composed of a pottery raw matPrial and irradiate the heat-ing medium with microwaves; (3) a method of producing heat for china-painting adapted to form a container to be housed in a domestic electronic oven with a heat insulating material, house an article to be subjected to chain-painting, such as pottery and glass container, in the container, arrange a heating medium with use of a microwave absorption material and/or metal particles as r a main component on an inner peripheral wall part of the housing part in a confronting relation with a surface of the article sub-jected to china-painting, and irradia-te the heating medium so provided with microwaves; ~4) a method of producing heat for cooking adapted to dispose a heating medium mainly composed of a microwave absorption material on an inner wall part of an outer casing comprising a heat insulating material, mount a container in a surrounding relation by the treating medium, put a cover on the container, and irradiate the heating medium with microwaves;
lo (5) a method of producing heat adapted to form a heating wall material with use of a material mainly composed of a microwave absorption material and metal particles via a heat resisting binder, construct a furnace wall of a furnace with use of the heating wall material while arranging a heat insulating material capable of transmitting microwaves on an outer periphery of a heating conductor, dispose a microwave irradiation equipment externally of the heat insulating material in a ~3~
confrontillc~ rela~ioll witl~ tlle lleatinY wall nlatelicll and irr(l(lia~e ll~e lleati~ wall Ina tel~ i al w i tl~ nli Cl`OWaVeS I rolll tlle microwave irlatli;ltioll equiPlllent (6) a method of Pl'O~UCill~J l~eat ada~ted lo arrall~Je a -tunnel-sl~aped furnace in t~le course Or a :onve~al~ce 1~3 tll for a cunveYor device servinc3 to place on ar-ticle to be heated thereon and con~eY tlle article. disPose a l-eatinc3 nledium comprising a material mainlY comPosetl of a microwave absorption n~aterial on the innel wall surfac~ of -the -tunnel-srlaped furnace. arran~e a n~icrowave irradiatiorl e4uipment for microwave irl~adiation externallY oI llle furnace ill a confron-tillg relation with the ~lea-tincJ meclium alld irlatliate tl)e- lleatins wall material wi-tll microwaves radiated frolll tlle microwave irradiatioIl eclui~>nlellt.
According -to tlle present invell-tion. as desc~ ed above. a heatills medium effectivelY absorbs irradia-ted microwaves whereby the heatins mediuln reacl~es l~ h -temperature in a sllort time while an article to ~e heated is l~eated bY radlation l~eat in -the sanle mallner as ~ein~
sub~ected to al~ oPen fire and clried al~cd baked. In addition in bakills a Pattern a~Plied on a surLace of an ar~icle suc~l as PotterY ancl glass containers tl~e ~atte-rn is first drawn on tlle surface of tl~e ar-ticle witl~ use oI
paints of a n~etallic oxic3e capavle of }~roducincJ a pres Cl`i bed color wllen calcined. and tl~e article is lloused in the llousincJ Part and sealecl. Tl~en with -the heating mediunl irratliated witl~ miclowaves the lleatln~J n~ediuln reacl~es l~i~JIl te~inperature in a sllort tin~e beconles retl-l~ot ` - ~
~ ~ ~3 ~ ~
and radla-tes radiatio~ eat. llerebY~ the arlicle is indilectly lleated and l~ence t~le pattern is oxidized and baked on a base surface of the article. Moreover. IJI)OII
cooklns. varlous articles to be cooked is ~ut in the heatillg a~paratus and witll a heatin~ mediunl Irradiated witll microwaves the heating medium reaches hi~3h temperature in a short time alld beconles red-hot. Thus the article is cooked bY radiation hea-t froln the heatirlcJ
medium under tl~e same heating conditiolls as -those in heatlng cooking bY an oPen fire. Furthermore. irradiated a heatills wall material with microwaves from the microwave irradlation ec~uipment after an article -to be t~eated is housed in -the furnace in oPpositiorl to the llea~incJ wall ma-terial -the ~eatlncJ wall material is irradiated witt~ lhe microwaves throug~ an insulating Inaterial and llel~ce the heatins material absorbs the microwaves and produces heat.
while carbon comPonents contai~led in -the metal particles likewise produce heat. Still more. the furnace is adapted to Properly reflec-t microwaves existellt thereill to Perlllit absorption efflclencY thereof bY nlicrowave ahsorbirls componellts to be increased and therebY -tlle ileatins wall material to be heated in itself to high temperature. In addition owing to the action of radiatioll heat bY tl~e microwaves so reflected in the furnace an article disposed in the furllace is illdlrectly heated. Furtlle~ ore.
employed the Presellt lleating apparatus as a conveYallce arld an equipment of contilluously Producing heat. a temPeratUl~e sradient tl~roush tlle furnace body can arbltrarilY set ~)Y
' adjusting the intensity of microwaves irradiated from the microwave irradiation equipment, whereby pottery, foods, and other articles to be heated can be dried or baked properly.
Thus, according to the present invention there is pro-vided a method of forming a painted object which comprises the steps of: placing in a microwave oven a closed container made of heat insulating material which is substantially transparent to microwave radiation, said container containing therein a glass or ceramic object having a surface decorated with a paint containing a metal oxide, the internal wall of said container being par-tially covered by a layer of microwave absorption material which is adhered to said inner wall and is disposed in directly con-fronting relationship only to the decorated surface of said object and is spaced therefrom, said microwave absorption mate-rial comprising a substance selected from the group consisting of powdered carbon and silicon carbide; and irradiating said con-tainer with microwaves whereby to heat said layer of microwaves absorption material and thereby indirectly heat said ob~ect and oxidize and bake said paint on said decorated surface of said object without deforming said object. Suitably said microwave absorption material includes at least one additional substance selected from the group consistlng of brass powder and aluminum powder.
The present invention also provides a method for cook-ing, comprising the steps of placing in a microwave oven a cup-shaped container, at least a part of which is made of heat insu-lating material which is substantially transparent to microwave radiation, said container havlng an internal cavity, all of the walls of which cavity are lined with and covered by a layer of microwave absorption material which is adhered to said walls, a cooking vessel corresponding in shape to and snugly slidably received in said cavity and contacting the entirety of the inner surface of said layer of microwave absorption material, said cooking vessel containing a foodstuff therein, a cover closing ~.~"'~3 6 ~
the open side of said container and said vessel, said vessel and said cover being made of a material which can transmit or re~lect microwaves; said microwave absorption material comprising a sub-stance selected from -the group consisting of powdered carbon and silicon carbide; and irradiating said container with microwaves to heat the contents of said vessel to a high temperature. Suit-ably said microwave absorption material lncludes at least one additional substance selected from the group consisting of brass powder and aluminum powder.
The present invention will be further lllustrated by way of the following description when taken in con~unction with the accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown and in which:-Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cooking heating apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig.s 2 and 3 are respectively a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment;
Fig.s 4 and 5 are respectively a cross-sectional view illustrating sub~ecting pottery to china-painting, with use of a microwav~ absorption material according to the third embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustratiny the same;
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of use of a cooking heating apparatus according to the fourth embodiment;
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of use of a heating apparatus according to the fifth embodiment;
Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a state of use of an apparatus of continuously producing heat according to ~ '3 the sixth embodiment;
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of use of the sixth embodiment; and Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment according to the sixth embodiment.
An embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accom-panying drawings.
As shown in Fig. 1, designated at 1 is a cooking and heating apparatus, such as a dish, a pot or a ceramic plate, mainly composed of a pottery raw material, and a heating medium 2 of the heating apparatus 1 containing a microwave absorption material 3 comprising powdered carbon and silicon carbide mixed thereinto. The apparatus is formed into an arbitrary shape through ordinary processes of forming, painting, drying and cal-cination.
In addition, the rate of mixing the microwave absorp-tion material 3 into the heating medium 2 is desirably set to 50%
or more when expecting effective heating, but it may also be 50 or less without any limit thereto.
Moreover, the microwave absorption material 3 may be adapted to adhere to part of an outer surface of the heating medium 2 or the whole surface thereof as shown in Fig.s 2 and 3 by applying the microwave absorption material 3 mlxed into a proper adhesive material on the outer surface of the heating medium 2 at a proper location and baking it at high temperature or sintering it into a thin sheet via a heat resistant binder.
Hereupon, to further improve the efficiency of heat production of the heating medium 2, proper metallic powder such _ g _ ~ ,4~3~
as cas-ting powder, brass powder, and aluminum powder, may be mixed into the heating medium 2 in addition to the ~icrowave absorption material 3, and more particularly casting powder con-taining carbon may be optimum as material quality although the mixing rate of metallic powder and material quality is not lim-ited in particular.
Moreover, describing the third embodiment as shown in Fig. 4, designated at 4 is a painting heating apparatus for pot-tery, etc., which is box-shaped and slzed so as to be housed in a cooking part of an electronic oven 5 and is composed of a clos0d top container comprising a container 6 and a cover 7 formed with a proper heat insulating material or reduced microwave loss, the interior of which container 6 is employed as a housing part 9 of an article 8 such as a dish and a cup, etc., made of pot-tery and glass. In addition, the heating apparatus 4 is adapted to have arranged on the inner peripheral wall part 10 of the housing part 9, at a proper position thereon a heating medium 12 mainly com--posed of a microwave absorption material 11 comprising powder of carbon and silicon carbide, etc., serving to absorb microwaves and thereby produce heat, in a confronting relation with the - 9a -,73 ~
~aintills surIace 13 of the article 8 lo be llvused.
Moreover, the heatins mediulll 12 is forlllecl by a~lYincJ
the nIicrowave absorption i11aterial 11 mixed into a ~roper adhesive ma-terial on the inner PeriPheral wall Part 10 at a Proper Positiol1 thereof ancl baking it at 1114h temperature or sintering i-t into a -thin Plate via a heat resistant bindel.
Desisnated at 14 is a pa-ttern arbitrarlly drawn on a surface of tl~e article 8 with use of a metal oxicle developins a ProPer color due to hicJh teInperature oxidatiol~ by nIealls of a writillg brush and anY tral~sfer, etc.
~ lereupon, to furtl~er improve efficiency of pl~oductillY
heat from the ~eating mediuIn 12 of the paintil1g heatil1~J
apparatus 4, proper metallic Particles such as castir1g powder, brass powder, and aluminurn powder, etc. t nlay be mixed into the heating medium 12 as a mail1 conlPonellt thereof in additiol1 to the microwave absorPtiol1Illatelial~
111 succession, describinY -tlle fourth inventi C)ll, as showll in Fig. 7, desigl1ated a-t 15 is a cookillc3 heatil1~3 apparatus for cooking rice, meat, and foods, etc., housed in the electronic oven, which is adapted to have on the peripheral and bottom surfaces a heatil1s mediunl 19 mainlY
coll~posed of a rnicrowave absorption ma-terial 18 conlPrising carbon and silicon carbide, etc., or fornled bY mixins proPer me-tal particles such as casting powder, brass powder, and alumirlum Powder~ etc., and apPlied on an in~ler wall Part 17 of an outer t~lick c~lindrical casin~3 IG
.. . . .
3~
collstructed prol~erlY with a heat insulati~ natericll via a lleat insulatinY b~n~er alld sintered Into a -thin }~late or aPplied bY ~>roPerly mixing -the microwave absorPtion ma-terial 1~ in-to an adhesive material, and furtl~ernlore baked at llisl~ teulperature illtO a lamellar sllape.
Moreover, -tlle heating medium 19 is adaPted to llave a cookins con-tainer 20 such as a Pan~ an iroll pot, and a fryins pan, etc., on an inller perlPheral surface part thereof so as to surround it in contact with an outer periphery of the con-tainer 20, -the coll-tainer 21) being furthermore covered removably with a covel; 21 Ol~ tlle ul~per end opening Part -thereof.
Moreover, the container 20 and -the COVe`l` 21 respectively emploY a material caPable of translnittil~s nlicrowaves such as pottery, etc., or a metalllc l~aterial caPable of reflec-tills miclowaves such as alumillulll and stalllless steel, etc., selectively in resPollse -to -t~le purpose in concern. ThereuPoll~ the microwave tl~ansmittillY
material allows an article 22 to be cooked Placed i~ -tlle container 20 to be directlY heated bY trallsmission of nlicrowaves throusll tlle containel- 20 or the cover 21, while tl~e microwave reflectins material allows tl~e ar-ticle 22 -to be cooked onlY witll a heating action bY radiativn hea-t froin tl~e container 20 while shiel~ing irradiation of microwaves into the ar-ticle 22.
Describing tl~ell the fifth illventioll, desi~nated at 23 i 5 a heating aPparatus~ wllich COlIS i S ts of a lamellar heatills mediulll 25 to construct prescri~ed in-furllace sPace 24, the heatillg mediulll 25 incluclin~J a microwave a~soll>tiol~
material mairlly composed of carbol~ and silicon carbi~e capable of sufficiently absorbinY miclowavesl and proper metal Particles such as casting powder, brass powdel~, al~d alumilla powder, etc., into a Proper shaPe correspollcli]ls to the l~eating medium 25 via a proper hea-t resistant binder to thereby from the lleating wall l~aterial 26 which per se comprises t~e heating medium 25 of the heatins equiPment 23.
Moreover, althoug}l a rate o.~ the mixing of the metal particles and a matelial quali tY thereof are not limited in Particular~ cas-ting powder,etc., containll-ls a carbo fraction may be oPtimum as -the material quali-tY.
Furthermore, a fibrous heat insulatinY material 27 is arralltJed on all outer PeriPheral part of -the hea-tills wall material 26, which comprises a material of low microwave loss for blockins lleat radiatioll directed ou-twardlY of the heatiny wall material 26, while a microwave lrradiatio eqUiPlllellt 29 iS arransed ou-twardly of -the heatil~ wall material 26 via a wavegulde 28 for guiding mlcrowaves from the outslde of the heating aPparatus 23 i n a confrolltills relation with an arbitrary wall surface of the heatirl~J
wall material 2G.
Moreover, tlle heating aPparatus 23 iS adaPted to be covered with an outer casing mem~er 30 in an air-tight manner at need while it maY be adaPted -to have the furnace interior space 2~ -thereof macle vacuum by COllneC t i 11~ a vacuuln PumP 31 with all inside space of the ou-ter casing ~ ~'7~ 3 member 30.
In succession, describing the sixth embodlment, desig-nated at 32, is a continuous microwave heating apparatus, which consists of a conveyor device 33 for successively placing art-icles W to be heated thereon in order and conveying them, and tunnel-shaped furnace 34 arranged in the course of a conveyance path.
The conveyor device 33 comprises a net conveyor 37 dis-posed from an inlet 35 to an outlet 36 of the furnace 34, wherein articles W to be heated are placed and aligned on a heat resis-tance net 39 driven by a roller 38 and further conveyed ln the furnace 34 and allowed to pass therethrough.
The furnace 34 consists of a heat insulating material 40 comprising a material of reduced microwave loss and an outer casing 41 adapted to cover the heat insulating material 40 there-with and be capable of reflecting microwaves incident thereon.
On a furnace wall 42 inside the furnace 34 a heating medium 43 is arranged at the prescribed position thPreof set corrssponding to a temperature gradient specified for drying and calcining an article W to be heated such as pottery, foods, and other proper materials, and dlsposed in a confronting relation wlth the upper and lower surfaces and left and right surfaces of the conveyor device 33 or an arbitrary surface thereof. ThP heatlng medium 43 comprising a microwave absorption material mainly composed of carbon and silicon carbide capable of highly absorbing microwaves or a material obtained by properly mixing metal particles such as casting powder, brass powder, and alumina powder into the microwave absorption material.
Moreover, the furnace 34 is adapted to have a microwave irradiation equipment 44 disposed outwardly thereof, while it is adapted to have a waveguide for guiding microwaves rad~ated from the microwave irradiation equipment 44 introduced into and con-~ 6 ~
nected with the furnace wall ~2 in opposition to a position of arranging the heating medium 43.
Still more, Fig. ll shows another embodiment arranged with a truck 47 pushed and conveyed continuously.
Descrlbing in succession a method of producing heat according to the present invention, in the cooking heating appa-ratus, various kinds of articles to be cooked are first put into the heating medium 2, the heating medium 2 being disposed in a cooking part of the electronic oven. Turned on the electronic oven in accordance with an ordinary method of cooking r microwaves belng irradiated are effectively absorbed by the microwave absorption material 3 upon passing through the heating medium 2 to the electronic oven to permit the heating medium 2 to reach high temperature in a short time. Due to the heat transfer prop~
erty of which the heating medium 2, the article placed interiorly of the heating medium 2 is directly heated from -the inner wall part of the heating medium under the same conditlons as those in cooking by an open fire~
Moreover, the article to be cooked undergoes not only the heat kransfer action from the wall surface of the heating medium 2 but heating action caused by ordinary microwave absorp-tion by the article for achieving effective cooking by heating.
Still more, it has been found experimentally that when the microwave absorption material 3 and the metal partlcles are mixed in a ratio of about 10:4, heat production of the heating medium 2 by microwaves is improved wherein the temperature is raised and that speed of the temperature is lncreased by about 50% as compared with a case of the use of only the microwave absorption material 3.
According to the third embodiment profitably employing the painting heating apparatus 4, a pattern 14 is baked on a sur~
face of an article 8, such as pottery and glass containers, as follows: First, a prescribed pattern 14 is adhered to the surface of the article 8 by drawing or painting paints of a metal oxide capable of developing prescribed colors with calcination and then the article 8 is housed in the housing part 9 of the heating apparatus 4 and sealed up with use of the cover 7. In succes-sion, the heating apparatus 4 is placed in the cooklng part of the electronic oven 5, and with the electronic oven 5 being switched on, microwaves for irradiation pass -through the con-tainer 6 disposed on the outer wall of the heating apparatus 4and the cover 7 and enters thereinto substantially without under-going absorption loss and reach the heating medium 12 mainly com-posed as described before of the microwave absorption material 11 such as carbon and silicon carbide, etc., which heating medium 12 thereupon absorbs the irradiated microwaves effectively, reaches high temperature of about 900C in a short time, and becomes a hot-red state, due to radiatlon heat from which heating medium 12 the article 8 is indirectly heated whereby the pattern 14 is oxi-dized and baked on the base surface of the article 8.
Moreover, mixed the microwave absorption material 11 and the metal articles in a ratio of about 10:4, a result has been experimentally found that the final temperature and the speed of the temperature rise can be improved by about 50% like-wise the second embodiment.
According to the fourth embodiment profitably employingthe cooking heating apparatus 15, cooking is performed as fol-lows: First, various kinds of articles 22 to be cooked are put in the heating apparatus 15, which apparatus 15 is then placed ln the cooking part of the electronic oven. Then the electronic oven is switched on in accordance with an ordinary method o~
cooking, microwaves irradiated in the electronic oven are effec-tively absorbed by the heating medium 19 of the heating apparatus 15, whereby the heating medium 19 is heated to high temperature in a short time. Due to radiation heat from the heating medium r~ r ~
19r the container 20 disposed in the oven is heated to cook the article 22 with the aid of heat transferred from the container 20 under the same heating conditions as those in heating cooking by an open fire.
Upon cooking with use of such an electronic oven, with the container 20 and the cover 21 comprising a material capable of reflecting microwaves such as stainless steel, the article is heated only with radiation heat from the heating medium 19, while with the same comprising a material capable of absorblng microwaves such as pottery, the microwaves are irradiated onto the article 22 disposed in the container 20 through the container 20 or the cover 21, and hence the article 22 is heated not only due to radiation heat from the heating medium 19 but also due to heat produced by permitting the article 22 to absorb the microwaves by itself. Accordingly, the heating by the radiatlon heat from the heating medium 19 is suitable for a case of needing heatin~ power egual to that by a strong open fire, while the heating by microwaves directly acting onto the article 22 is suitable for a case of rapidly heating the entire of the article 22 to a temperature at which water boils. Both are respectively optionally selected in accordance with how to cook the article in concern at that time.
In addition, with use of the cover 21 having a region capable of reflecting microwaves in part, the balance of the radiation heating from the heating medium 19 and the microwave heating directly acting on the article 22 can be ad~usted as needed.
According to the fifth embodiment, after an article W
to be heated is housed in the furnace interior space 2~
microwaves from the microwave irradiation equipment 29 are irra-diated on the heating wall material 26 opposing to the microwave irradiation apparatus 29 through the heat insulating material 27.
The microwave absorption material included in the heating wall material 26 absorbs the microwaves so irradiated and produces heat together with heat productlon effected by the carbon frac-tion contained in the metal particles in the same manner, the carbon fraction furthermore reflecting properly the mlcrowaves to enhance the absorption efficiency exhibited by the microwave absorption component. The heating wall material 26 constituting the heating medium 25 is thus allowed to absorb almost all the microwaves and is heated to high temperature in itself, whereby the article W disposed in the furnace interior space ~4 is indi-rectly heated by the irradiation heat received from the heatingmedium 25 accompanied by heating of the heating wall material 26.
According to the slxth embodimen-t, an article W to be heated is placed on the conveyor device 33 and conveyed in suc-cession from the inlet 35 to the outlet 36, while mlcrowaves from the microwave irradiation equipment 44 are guided through the waveguide 45 and irradiated on the heating medium 43 disposed in the furnace 34, whereby the microwave absorption material consti-tuting the heating medium 43 absorbs the irradiated microwaves and produces heat. Due to radiation heat form the heating medium 43 the article W conveyed by the conveyor device 33 is subjected to radiation heating in the course of 73 ~
passiny throu4h the furnace 34 ill accor~allce with a presclibed temperatllre gradlent set in t~e ful~nace 3~1.
Furtllernlore, the hea-ting aPParatus 32 accordill~ to the sixth invention can arbitrarilY set tlle temPerature yradient formed in the furnace 34 bY adjusting the power of the microwaves radiated from the microwave irradiatio aPparatus 44 for drYing or calcini2ls potterY~ fovds, and other proper ma-terials.
Concludins -the presellt invelltiorl, the microwave absorption material and/or the metal Particles are mixed into -tlle heatins medium or allowed to adhere thereto, and microwaves are irradiated on such a heatinY medium. The microwave absorPtion material 3 and/or metal par-tlcles is mixed with or adl~ered -to the l~eatins medium 2 composed n)alnly of the pot-tery raw material and -the microwave is radiated on -tlle heatins medium 2 so -tlla-t the microwave is radiated on the lleatillg mediul1l 2 in the elec-trorlic oven.
~lereby, the microwave absorption matelial 3 is adal~ted to a~sorb the mlcrowaves, whereby t~e ~lea-tins medium 2 Call be heated In Itself to lligll temperature equal -to that of opell fire. l'hus, the article Placed in the hea-tins medium 2 can be cooked by the hea-t transfer action from the wall surface of the heating medium 2 which is Producing ~eat naturally in tlle same manner as in an open fire. In addition, since tl~e heating medium 2 i-tself produces heat, temperature of the article after cooked can be anticiPated to be kep-t uncllallsed.
~ loreover, since t~-le microwave absorPtion material 3 ~ ~3~:i8~
and the metal Parlicles are mixed into the l~eatin~ medi Ull) or allowed -to adhere tller;eto as descl~ibed above, availa~le hiyl~ temperature resulted in bY irradiation of microwaves and a sPeed of tl~e temperature rise can greatlY be imProved.
In addition, tl~e heating aPparatus 4 to be }~oused in the dolnestic electronic oven 5 is formed bY a heat insulating material, the interior of which heatir1g aPPal'atUS ~ i5 emPloyed as the container 6 for an ar-ticle 8 such as pottery and glass containers, etc., to be painted. Tl~e heating medium 12 mainlY comPosed of -the microwave absorp-tion material 11 and/or the metal Particles is disposed on the inner Peripheral wall par-t 10 o-f the container 6 in a confrontincJ relation with t}~e painting surface 13 of the article 8, which heatin~ medium 12 is irradiated Wi th microwaves. Accordir1gly, a simPle kiln capable of raising ternPerature to a~out 1000 C in a home with ease can be Provi~ed with use of -the doIllestic electronlc oven 5, whereby anY pattern 14 can be baked in earnest on -the surface of the ar-ticle 8 such as pottery and glass containers in a home. Moreover, a non-Llame heating action bY microwaves in the electronic oven 5 is emploYed as a heat source without use of heat Produced by burning of gas, etc., with a flame, and hence the operation of the heating apparatus is free from ~an~Jer.
Still more, also in industrial appllcations, the Pl~eserlt apparatus can be effectively employed for china-pailItills of many kinds and a small quantitY. Furthermore, the ~ 2U
73 ~
heatiny medium 12 can reacl~ high temperature in a sllurt -time after irradiation of microwaves, while sur~aces opposing -to the ~leating medi um 12 can be heated in l~art bY
radiation. In addition, rapid lowering of temperatule can be assured bY interruPting tlle irradiation of microwaves.
Accordingly, althoucJh china-Paintins to for examPlè a crYstal Product of a low softenins Point~ Particularly -to a beaker having a -thin elongated leg was conve~ltiollallY
impossible, such a product can also be sub~ected with ease -to china-paintinc3 without deformins a leg Part thereof.
In addition, the heatins nnedium is n~ainlY comPvsed of the microwave absorPtion material 1~ and tlle metal particles, whereby attainable hea-ting temperature and a speed of the temperature rise bY irradiation of micrvwaves can sharply be improved.
Moreover, the heating medium 19 mainlY composed of the microwave absorPtion material l~ is arransed OII the inner wall Part 17 of the heat insulating ou-ter casing 16, and the container 20 is moulIted so as to be surrounded bY
the heating medium 19 while -the co~I-tainer 20 is covered with the cover 21, the heatiIls medium 19 being adaPted -to be irradiated with microwaves. AccordinYly~ irradiated -the heatins aPparatus 15 in the electronic oven with microwaves, -the heating medl UDl I 9 S urroundill~ -the col1tainer 20 is adaPted to absorb the microwaves al~d is therebY heated to high temPerature. Thus, the ar-ticle 22 can be cooked by radiatiol~ heat from the heating medium 19 throush the colItainer 2U under t~le same condi-tiotIs of hi~h ~ 21 ~ 7~
temperature heating as those in an open fire by a flame. In addition~ with the container 20 and the cover 21 being formed with a matPrial capable of reflecting microwaves, the article 22 can be heated in the same manner as in heating by a strong open fire without being dlrectly heated by microwaves, while with the container ~.0 and the cover 21 being formed with a material cap-able of absorbing microwaves, the article 22 is sub~ected not only to heating by radiation from the heating medium 19 but also to direct heating by microwaves. Therefore, effective heating obtained by the direct heating or the microwave heating can be assured, which can accordingly be applied to various cooking for rice, meat, and other foods. Moreover, the heating medium 19 produces hea-t in itself, while the heating apparatus 15 is adapted to have the heat insulating outer casing 16 t whereby the heating apparatus can exhibit a heat insulation effect satisfac-torily serving as a heat insulating container after cooking.
Furthermore, the heating wall material 26 is formed by a material mainly composed of the microwave absorption material and the metal particles via the heat resistant binder. A furnace wall is cons-tructed with the heating wall material 26, while the heat insulating material 27 capable of transmitting microwaves is disposed on the outer peripheral part of the heating wall mate-rial 26 and ~urthermore the mlcrowave irradiation apparatus 27 is arranged externally of the heat insulating material 2-/ in 3~
OppOSitiOll to the hea-t.illg wall matelial 26, -tlle l~e~tins wall material 26 belng irradiated with microwaves from -tlle micIowave irradiation equipmellt 29. Accvrdill~JlY~ since the heatills medium 25 is cons-tructed wi-th the heatirls wall material 26 bY itselI serving to effectivelY pro~uce llea-t with irradiatiorl of microwaves, the article W disl~osed in the furllace interior space 24 can effectivelY be heated bY
-the radiation hea-t action of the whole of -the heati medium 25, wllereby even an ar-ticle W havills reduced absorptivi-ty of microwaves can effec-tivelY be subJected to microwave heating corresPollding to heat resistance of the heating wall materlal 26. In addition. -the heat lnsulating material 27 capable of transn)ittins microwaves is disPosed on the outer Peripheral Part of the hea-ting wall material 26. and the microwave irradia-tion equiPn)ent 29 is arranged ex-ternally of the heat insulatin~J ma-terial 27 in a confrontillg relation with -the lleatincJ wall material 26. T.herefore, incoming microwaves from the outside can be irradia-ted onto the heating wall material 26 wlthou-t anY attenua-tion thereof, while anY heat can be prevented from diffusing outwardlY of the heating wall material 26 for assuring effective heating. Furthermore, since the microwave absorPtion material is mixed into the heatins wall material 26 together with the metal particles, -the metal Particles ProPerly reflectes microwaves being incident thereon for enhancinY absorPtion efficiency bY the microwave absorptioll compolle~lt, and thereby heatirlg efficiellcY of the heatinY wall ma-terial 26 ~ 3 ~
can furthermore be improved. Moreover, also for the arrangement of the microwave heating apparatus 23, since the heating wall material 26 is employed in itself also as to heating medium 25, it can be simplified in :Lts structure by the use of the heating wall material 26 and the heat insulating material 27, whereby it can widely be utilized as an inexpensive heating furnace for cal-cining and drying pottery and others.
Still more, the tunnel-shaped furnace 34 is arranged in the course of the conveyance path of the conveyor device 33. An article W to be heated is placed and conveyed on conveyor device 33. On the furnace wall 42 inner surface, the heating medium 43 comprising a material mainly composed of the microwave absorption material is arranged. The microwave irradiation device 44 for radiating microwaves is arranged externally of the furnace 34 in a confronting relation with the heating medium 43, microwaves from which device 44 are irradiated on the heatlng medium 43.
Acordingly, the article W conveyed on the conveyor device 33 can be heated in an arbitrary temperature gradient owing to radiation heat from the heating medium 43 effectively heated by the irra-diation of the mlcrowaves. In addi-tion, since combustion gas i5 prevented from belng produced unlike a combustion type furnace, ad~ustment of the atmosphere in the ~urnace such as pressura ls facilitated, whereby the artlcle W can be uniformly heated inde-pendently of a location of placing the article W. Moreover,since exhaustion of the combustion gas is made unnecessary, very excellent thermal efficiency can be assured without a fear of causing any environmental pollution. Furthermore, temperature in the furnace can be controlled with ease by electrlcally adjusting the microwave irradiation equipment 44, whereby practical effect can he greatly anticipated.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of forming a painted object which com-prises the steps of: placing in a microwave oven a closed con-tainer made of heat insulating material which is substantially transparent to microwave radiation, said container containing therein a glass or ceramic object having a surface decorated with a paint containing a metal oxide, the internal wall of said con-tainer being partially covered by a layer of microwave absorption material which is adhered to said inner wall and is disposed in directly confronting relationship only to the decorated surface of said object and is spaced therefrom, said microwave absorption material comprising a substance selected from the group consist-ing of powdered carbon and silicon carbide; and irradiating said container with microwaves whereby to heat said layer of microwaves absorption material and thereby indirectly heat said object and oxidize and bake said paint on said decorated surface of said object without deforming said object.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which said microwave absorption material includes at least one additional substance selected from the group consisting of brass powder and aluminum powder.
3. A method for cooking, comprising the steps of plac-ing in a microwave oven a cup-shaped container, at least a part of which is made of heat insulating material which is substan-tially transparent to microwave radiation, said container having an internal cavity, all of the walls of which cavity are lined with and covered by a layer of microwave absorption material which is adhered to said walls, a cooking vessel corresponding in shape to and snugly slidably received in said cavity and contact-ing the entirety of the inner surface of said layer of microwave absorption material, said cooking vessel containing a foodstuff therein, a cover closing the open side of said container and said vessel, said vessel and said cover being made of a material which can transmit or reflect microwaves; said microwave absorption material comprising a substance selected from the group consist-ing of powdered carbon and silicon carbide; and irradiating said container with microwaves to heat the contents of said vessel to a high temperature.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, in which said microwave absorption material includes at least one additional substance selected from the group consisting of brass powder and aluminum powder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000530614A CA1273682A (en) | 1987-02-25 | 1987-02-25 | Method of producing heat with microwaves |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000530614A CA1273682A (en) | 1987-02-25 | 1987-02-25 | Method of producing heat with microwaves |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1273682A true CA1273682A (en) | 1990-09-04 |
Family
ID=4135049
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000530614A Expired CA1273682A (en) | 1987-02-25 | 1987-02-25 | Method of producing heat with microwaves |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1273682A (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-02-25 CA CA000530614A patent/CA1273682A/en not_active Expired
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| MKLA | Lapsed |