CA1269804A - Method for the production of a moulding mass containing water glass - Google Patents
Method for the production of a moulding mass containing water glassInfo
- Publication number
- CA1269804A CA1269804A CA000508472A CA508472A CA1269804A CA 1269804 A CA1269804 A CA 1269804A CA 000508472 A CA000508472 A CA 000508472A CA 508472 A CA508472 A CA 508472A CA 1269804 A CA1269804 A CA 1269804A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- plastic
- added
- tion
- curing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A moulding mass containing water glass is produced in traditional way, however in such a way that one adds, before solidification of the water glass, between 3 and 5 percent of activated silicon, calculated on the total dry weight. To the moulding mass thus obtained, one may add different filler mat-erials or modifying materials for influencing the final properties of the moulding mass.
A moulding mass containing water glass is produced in traditional way, however in such a way that one adds, before solidification of the water glass, between 3 and 5 percent of activated silicon, calculated on the total dry weight. To the moulding mass thus obtained, one may add different filler mat-erials or modifying materials for influencing the final properties of the moulding mass.
Description
- 1 - 63~17-103 A method for -the production of a moulding mass,_containing water glass It is known to produce moulding masses containing water glass~ With the conception "moulding masses", in this connection, is meant shapeable or plastic masses. Even if they are, prefer-ably, shaped by cas-ting, -they may in many a case be subjected to assume the shape of the final product in some other way, e.g. by pressing, rolling or the like. Such moulding masses have a wide field of use, for instance for -the production of differen-t kinds of objec-ts but also as a binding means between surfaces of -the most differen-t kinds.
In the production of such a moulding mass Xnow _er se, an expression which is, thus t here used in its widest sense under reference to the above mentioned fields of use and working methods, one use to proceed by removing the water or, in any case, essen-tially decreasing -the conten-t of water in the -thick fluid solution of water glass in the form of an alkali silica-te. In this way, a solid prod~ct was obtained, often called "water glass quartz" and created either by drying out the liquid water glass or by addition of acids for changing its pH-value and, t'hereby, dis-solving the alkalic milieu. Thus, it has happened -that a sodium hexafluoride was added as curing means, this medium being water consuming and also influencing the pH-value in the said direction.
Such a moulding mass may be provided by adding, durin~
its process of curing or immediately before same, another mat-erial, for instance in a way know per se quartz meal (calcium ,~- .,, ~6~
In the production of such a moulding mass Xnow _er se, an expression which is, thus t here used in its widest sense under reference to the above mentioned fields of use and working methods, one use to proceed by removing the water or, in any case, essen-tially decreasing -the conten-t of water in the -thick fluid solution of water glass in the form of an alkali silica-te. In this way, a solid prod~ct was obtained, often called "water glass quartz" and created either by drying out the liquid water glass or by addition of acids for changing its pH-value and, t'hereby, dis-solving the alkalic milieu. Thus, it has happened -that a sodium hexafluoride was added as curing means, this medium being water consuming and also influencing the pH-value in the said direction.
Such a moulding mass may be provided by adding, durin~
its process of curing or immediately before same, another mat-erial, for instance in a way know per se quartz meal (calcium ,~- .,, ~6~
- 2 - 63~17-103 silicate, SiO2), whereby a mass, more or less homoyenous is -formed, in which the particles of the additional material are bound together by the water glass now free o-f water or, as to its content of water reduced.
Water glass exists as a silicate of sodium (Na) and also as a silicate of potash (K) and, finally, as a mixed silicate of sodium and potash. A water glass from ammonium is also known but it has little or no prac-tical use. The sodium wa-ter glass is the mos-t usual one and in the following descrip-tion of the presen-t invention, it will be described on basis of sodium water glass.
This, however shall not mean that the invention should be limited to this specific kind of water glass.
The product made from such a moulding mass has a very high wearing and abrading resistance. When used as a binding means it attaches extremely well to most materlals, thereby also to many such materials, to which tradi-tionally exis-ting binding means do not show any tendency to attach. The product also gets an increased pulling rigidity and blowiny rigidity, but it has not been possible to ~ind any unitary connection between these three kinds of rigidity except for the ma-tter of fact that -the increase of the pressure rigidity is usually the most apparent one, the increase of the blow rigidity only being rather small.
Several methods are also known for the production of moulding masses of the above mentioned type having properties, which have been improved and/or modified by -the addition of further additional materials for the purpose of modifying their ~L~
Water glass exists as a silicate of sodium (Na) and also as a silicate of potash (K) and, finally, as a mixed silicate of sodium and potash. A water glass from ammonium is also known but it has little or no prac-tical use. The sodium wa-ter glass is the mos-t usual one and in the following descrip-tion of the presen-t invention, it will be described on basis of sodium water glass.
This, however shall not mean that the invention should be limited to this specific kind of water glass.
The product made from such a moulding mass has a very high wearing and abrading resistance. When used as a binding means it attaches extremely well to most materlals, thereby also to many such materials, to which tradi-tionally exis-ting binding means do not show any tendency to attach. The product also gets an increased pulling rigidity and blowiny rigidity, but it has not been possible to ~ind any unitary connection between these three kinds of rigidity except for the ma-tter of fact that -the increase of the pressure rigidity is usually the most apparent one, the increase of the blow rigidity only being rather small.
Several methods are also known for the production of moulding masses of the above mentioned type having properties, which have been improved and/or modified by -the addition of further additional materials for the purpose of modifying their ~L~
- 3 - 63~17-103 properties.
The present invention regards a method Eor the produc-tion of a moulding mass in the sense mentioned above and of the type mentioned above by means of additions causing further essen-tial improvements of the properties of the mou:Lding mass, especi-ally by the formation of crystals in the mass being promo-ted, created in the reaction, and by -the mass getting less sensible for the content of water in the water glass than was earlier the case.
It has also proved -that a moulding mass produced according to -the present invention allows for an essentially wider variation of traditional additions whereby a better distribution of the speci-fic properties of the moulding mass is ensured, which are desired to achieve by said additions.
According -to the invention, activated silicon is added to the moulding mass known per se, preferably in the form of cry-stal meal or crystal grains and in quantities which will be ap-parent Erom the following. Activated silicon is the traditional denomina-tion for such silicon in pure for~n or in some simp:Le com-pound, which originated by decomposition of some silicon compound of higher value at high supply of power, such that this silicon got in same way as applied to carbon and other elements chemically related to carbon, a chemical activity.
It is not known quite sure how this "activity" should be explained, but a theory which is probably correct is that one or more of the electrons in the activated silicon have been displaced out of their normal orbits such that an inner molecular tension 1269911~L
- ~ - 634L7--103 was created, at the llberating of which large quantities of power were released. Vnder the influence of these quantities of power the activated silicon may cause reactlons of chemical na-ture which would otherwise not at all or anyway only at a limited scale exist in non-activated silicon. The feed of this power usually takes place by the silicon compound being heated to a very high tempera-ture. As a consequence of this, one will find ac-tivated silicon which has been activated -to a very high rate in fly ashes from the steel work industry, within which these high temperatures exist.
When activated silicon is added to the moulding mass, this will change its properties in such an apparent way, that there is a good reason to assume that a phase chemical reaction is initiated as will often be the case within the silicate chemistry.
It has, however, not been possible to find out how this reaction is developing. But it is well known that reac-tions will appear within the silicate chemistry, which are difficult to unders-tand and to a great extent are still enigmatic. Therefore, the present invention has been created in a purely empirical way.
An essential advan-tage of the moulding mass according to the present invention as compared with moulding masses on basis of water glass, earlier known, perhaps with an addition of quartz (sio2) is that the scope of the different types of additional material is essentially increased.
In tes-ts with a composition of this type, one also in-vestigated the influence of an addition o-f finely divided c01-lulose alone -to the water glass and water glass mixtures, and, thereby, a lot of circumstances were found, hitherto only 9~;26~
empirically observed, which form basis of an especially favourable embodiment of the present invention. The said continua-ted invest-igations, in first place, intended to study to what an extent you could add cellulose in ~inely divided form as a dilution means in order, in this way to get a product which would be possible to use in magnitude of cases but which would, due to the cheap dilution ~aterial, be produced at very low costs. Surprisingly, it was found that the product got unexpected and in many cases extremely useful properties, for which account will be given below.
Mixing in neutral or basic cellulose proved to be less advantageous, but, on the contrary, it proved that weekly acid cellulose caused the properties mentioned above in the final pro-duct. Investigations were also made for stating the type of an acid by means of which the acid properties o~ the mass a~ter mix-ing in finely divided cellulose were obtained, and thereby it was found, that bark meal gave a very ~avourable result. Bark meal contains small quantities of tannic acid. Further, very yood results were obtained at use of so called zero fibers, this means ~ibers of cellulose o~ such a small size, that when dewatering, they pass through the wire and are removed along with the flue water. These fibers, always, contain given residues of the acid or acids, resp., used at the cellulose cooking, in first place sulfurous acid but also many other acids. In general, these acids appear at very small quantities or, if they appear at greater quantities, they should be weakly active, such as is the case for instance with tannic acid and sulfurous acid.
- 6 - ~3~]7~103 An e~ssential improvement of the invention, t'nus, con-sists in adding to the composi-tion of water glass and activated silicon an acidly reacting cellulose material in finely divided form and at an amount, which proved in the investigations made to be between 5 and 75 percent of weight of the total weight of the composition.
In the said tests, it also proved that you could add to the moulding mass according to the inven-tion different plastic emulsions in the form of such polymerization products not yet cured or only partly cured. The curing of them or the fulfilling of the said curing only initiated, thereby, may take place simul-taneously with the curing of the moulding mass after a curer has been added. In this way, a lot of di~feren-t new products may be manufactured which have mainly the properties of the polymeriza-tion products in quantitative respect, but which have these pro-perties at a quan-titative extent, which is essentially improved.
Amongst other additional materials, which may b~ mixed into the moulding mass according to the present invention, the following ones may be mentioned.
The moulding mass may be provided wi-th additions of heavy materials, especially heavy metals in the form of powder, grains or granules. Amongst such metals lead and copper should be mentioned as well as alloys containing lead and/or copper, e.g.
brass and bronze. The power of the moulding mass to assume and accumulate heat will thereby ge-t very high. The conduction of heat fed to the moulding mass and the removal of accumulated heat from the moulding mass, respectively, are simultaneously improved, - 7 - 63~ 103 causing a shortening of the unavoidable time consumed for feeding or removal of a given amount of heat.
Further, the moulding mass may be expanded -to a higher degree than was earlier possible, still maintaining its rigidity, and, thereby the expansion may be effected in many different ways.
For instance some suitable tenside may be mixed into the mass in presence of air, or one may add to the moulding mass some plastic, expanding under the influence of hea-t, such as polystyrene or polyurethane and thereafter heat the moulding mass before i-t has cured all through. A suitable tempera-ture at addition of poly s-tyrene, for instance is 90C.
It was mentioned above that one could mix in cellulosic material in finely divided form in acid milieu. If one would not estimate the advantages emanating thereby, one may mix in the cellulosic material on basic milieu. Thereby, the cellulosic material preferably is zero fibers which are added along with bi-carbonate to the moulding mass according to the present inven-tion, preferably after it has been allotted a somewhat weaker consistency by the addition of a plastic.
It is not only possible to mix the moulding mass accord-ing to the invention with many different plastics but also with other materials such as asphalt and latex, preferably when said materials are in emulsion. Said materials will give to -the moulding mass improved property as binding means.
Due to this improved binding property when the moulding mass is used as a bonding means, it will also be especially well adapted for reinforcement purposes. Such reinforcement may be - 8 - ~3~L-/-103 effected with goo~ results by means oE re-inEorcement rnaterials which were earlier regarded less suitable. Often just -these mat-erials for re-inforcement are very cheap causing that one may provide a product, comparable with earlier known re-inforced mat-erials at much lower costs. When working wi-th a moulding mass according to the presen-t invention it has been found -that the curing takes place beginning at the outer surface of the mass such that a skin is formed, which is plastically shapeable and very tough, the mass inside of this skin initially being plastically shapeable to a higher degree with a power thereafter -to retain its shape. Thereafter, one may by pressing, rolling or the like give to a quantity of said mass of given shape, which it will there-after, retain during the continuation of the curing. This matter of fact may, for instance, be used when impressing a pattern or a relief into the surface of bodies of the mass according to the invention.
~ mongst the advan-tages of -the invention, there should also be men-tioned that it will provide a much better fire protec-tion when used in a way which i8 earlier known from usual water g:Lass based building productsl for instance as a cover on fire dangerous buiLding parts.
Therefore, it has been possible, in construction de-tails, which have been covered with a moulding mass according to the present invention, to mix in larger quantities of otherwise fire dangerous materials such as saw dus-t, tur~ and other organic materials or asphalt emulsion, without decrease o~ the fire pro-tecting properties. The fire protecting properties also cause ~69~
that the moulding mass according -to the invention will be sui-table as a binding means in the production of laminar ma-terials, especially plates for building purposes where one was, earlier, advised to different types of glue which had either a bad attachment power or were rather strongly apt to burn.
Intricate investigations in connection with the present invention, thus, have been made in order to state the quantity of activated silicon (activated silicon in pure form or in the form of a simple compound) in relation -to the quan-tity of water glass, perhaps wi-th an addition of quartz. Thereby, i-t has proved that the specific properties concerned of the water glass composition according to the invention exis-t at an addition of activated sili-con such that the part of activated silicon calculated as the weight of Si, of the dry weight of the sum of silicon, water glass and ~uartz eventually added will be between 3 and 5 percent of weight.
The quantity of activated silicon should not be less than 3 percent of weight because, in such a case, it would not be sufficient for providing the said and above further described advantageous effects, nor should it be less than 5 percent of weight because, in such a case, would the rigidity be less without the surplus of activated silicon causing any observable improve-ment of the above mentioned properties of the moulding mass. The best result is obtained if the part of activated silicon is be-tween 3.6 and 4.5 percent of weight or, with other words, about 4 percent of weight.
In the tests mentioned above with intermixing finely divided cellulose, especially zero fibers from the paper and pulp ~ 10 - ~417-103 industry, i-t further proved that such an :intermixing in basic milieu was, certainly, advantageous in given respects but in other respects it was less favourable. But it also proved tha-t mixing in cellulosic material in acid milieu in the way mentioned above would give a very favourable result. Such an in-termixing did not affect the fire safety and -the product, still, appeared as flame safe and fire safe. At a small addition of the acid cellulose, one could certainly retain a weak flame under strong formation of soot but when the amount of cellulose was increased, one got com-plete flame safety of the product and if the combustion was re-tained by an outer source of fire in the way mentioned above, and, thereafter the source of fire was removed, then the fire immedi-ately extinguished.
Another apparent property of the product produced was its elasticity, which did not seem to affect its draw rigidity.
Products of high elastic shapeability without any risk for break-age find use -for many different purposes where one had, earlier, no cheap material available.
The most important property of the product concerned, however, is its cheap production costs. Mainly, it comprises materials, which were earlier regarded not only as useless but even as harmful and, unfortunately, impossible to use for any useful purposes. Then, it must be regarded extremely desirable to find a useful application of these materials. It is such an ap-plication which has been made possible according to the present invention. To this add that the final product gets favourable properties without, simultaneously, being more expensive. Rather, ~269~L
~ 63~1~~103 i-t may be produced in a cheaper way.
In the inves-tigations forming basis o-f the present in-vention, it further proved that the degree of acidity (pH) of the cellulosic material used is of decisive importance. At too low a value of pH the advantageous properties given accoun-t for above will not show up in the product manufactured from -the moulding mass, and, at too high a value of pH -the curing will -take place so quickly, that there will not be sufficient time available for controlling the run of the production, and the shaped body pro-duced will also get brittle and fragile. This means, therefore,if one causes by choice of the value of pH that seemingly the curing would take place slower than would be desirable with res-pect to the demand for a rational production, this will not mean a difficulty, which cannot be tolerated. It is only required to add to the curer an accelerator and as such an accelerator preferably some suitable phosphorus compound is used, e.g. ammonium phosphate.
Further, in the production of objects under addition of cellulosic material in acid milieu, the curing may take place by means of electric alternating current flowing through the mass, whereby one will get a very effective means for controlling the speed of curing.
~ xtensive investigations, therefore, have been made for finding the limit values of the pH of the acid cellulose. These investigations have proved that the pH should be between 2 and 6.
If the pH is less than 2 or more than 6, you will not get a per-fect product. Usually it would even not be possible to use.
8~4 - 12 - 63~L7-103 When intermixing the cellulosic material in the form o-f zero fibers from the sulphate industry, one will immediately get good results. If, on the contrary, the zero fibers are collected from the sulphite industry, a given difficulty may arise. As a matter of fact, the zero fiber material from the sulphite industry is usually so strongly acid when leaving the wire that it will, at this time cer-tainly be within the limits for the pH mentioned above, but the said material will usually not be in this state.
The reason of this difficulty is that the zero -fiber material was, hitherto, regarded a harmful product, and, therefore it was washed away through existing outlets to adjacent water courses along wi-th the waste water (lye water) from the wire, but this caused an acidification of the water course and in some cases of the ground water. Therefore, it was regarded dangerous to the milieu and prescriptions were given which made it necessary to deacidify the zero fiber material, e.g. by addition of lime ~CaO) in specific inter-storing basins. By this s-tep, however, the zero fiber mat-erial available in trade to be used for the purpose of the present invention, from the cellulose industry and in firs-t place from the sulphite cellulose industry was brought, as to its pH, outside of the limit values which it should possess according -to the present invention.
This disadvantage, therefore, had to be done away with before one could add zero fiber material to a moulding mass of -the present type. In practice, this is made by acidification of -the zero fiber material before it is added to the water glass. This may take place by addition of adapted quan-tities of an acid, and, ~ .. ~
~ , . . .. .
~2~9~
~ 13 - ~3~17~103 in practice, thereby only sulfuric acid will be used.
Zero fiber material from the sulphite pulp industry has proved to be the be-t-ter one, but it was also possible to use zero fiber cellulose from the sulphate pulp industry. However, it proved that the acidity of the last mentioned fiber is sometimes too high, because it is derived from the strong sulfuric acid (~2S04). For some purposes, nevertheless it could be used, but not in its existing state if it was collected directly from the wire, and, in such a case, it had to be de-acidified.
The type of the cellulosic material added is not of decisive importance. The reason why we have, above, especially mentioned zero fiber material from the cellulose industry, and thereby in first place from the sulphite and sulphate pulp ind-ustry, simply is tha-t this material is a non-desired by product and that, therefore, a useful use of i-t has been of value by the consequent decrease of damages of the milieu.
Another waste product which is not desirable, however is bark, even if the damages of the milieu from bark are of a rather subordinated importance, because the barlc will slowly and in a natural way be the subject o~ a decomposition turning over into wood mould. But bark is also a material for which i-t is desirable to find a useful use and, for this reason, investiga-tions have been made in connection with the creation of the present invention using finely divided bark meal. Bark meal comprises when collec-ted from pine wood, quantities of tannic acid, which will rather well correspond to the demands according to the present invention.
Usually, therefore, no adjustment of the p~ is necessary.
8~
- 14 - 63417 1~3 It was mentioned above that the quan-ti-ty of cellu:Losic material added may be varied within rather wide limit.s, and, as such limit values were indicated between 5 and 75 percen-t of weight, in both cases to be calculated on basis of the dry weight of the total of the mass contained in the composi-tion. This var-iation of the amount of cellulose causes a strong variation of the properties of the material produced. At low content of cellulose will, contrary to what one would assume, the rigidity of the pro-duced objects be less, but simultaneously a very light product is obtained having exceedingly good properties of elastically return-able power of changing its shape. The rigidity successively in-creases with increase of the amount of the water glass based ini-tial material, but the power of elas-tic re-turn of shape simul-taneously will be less, however only slowly. Even at the highest content of cellulosic material proposed of 75 percent of weight will this elastic power of return be remarkably stron~. Of course, however, the product will be heavier, the greater the quantity of the initial material contained in the product is and the less the quantity of cellulosic material is.
The above mentioned properties of a product from the composition according to the convention has as its result that this composition ~ay advantageously be used in the production o~
many different types of objects. Amongst such objects already above have been mentioned heat accumulators, whereby it was pro-vided that a heavy metal is introduced in the mass such as lead or copper. Both lead and copper are rather expensive, and if it desired to build up an accumulator of heat at lower costs even if ~L26~
- 15 - ~3~:Ll-103 with less e~fectivity, one may instead of these metals use some other material within the ~roup which used to be calle~ "brown material" and in which such materials as soapstone, felspar, ser-pentine and olivine are contained.
The composition according to the invention further is especially suitable for the production of building materials in the form of plates for use in such cases when, earlier, gypsum plates or coke slag plates or the like were used. The use of the moulding mass according to the invention, however, shall not be limited to these -fields of use.
Independently of if cellulosic material has been added or not, and also, when using cellulosic material, independently of if this took place in basic or in acid milieu, tests have also been made with an addition of different polymerization products.
Ther~by, it has proved that the advantages mentioned above will exist independently of what polymerization produc-t is used as a filler for the purpose of giving the final product the specific properties. In these tes-ts, however, a curiosity could be observed for which one could not find a reliable explanation.
Adding to the water glass composition according to the invention chosen parts of two different polymerization products, e.g. a phenolic plastic and an acrylic plastic, or an epoxy plastic and an acrylic plastic, one will get a final product which will not only possess the qualitative properties of the two initial polymerization products in combination, but these will appear in a form, which is quantitatively stronger.
~ ~5~ ~ 63~17-103 As an example, it may be mentioned that one may use the water glass composition according to -the invention for improving the action of the proper-ties which acrylic plastics have as well as those which epoxy plastics have, but if both of them are added, one will get a rigidity of the ready product substantially greater than the rigidity of the composition according to the invention with an addition of only one of the two plastics. It has not been possible to find the explanation of this, but it seems to be poss-ible that the phenomenon may depend upon some kind of a cross binding between the two plastics under influence of either water glass or, which seems to be more probable, the activated silicon, said activated silicon having a latent power, so that it may ac-t as an activator/catalyst. Possibly, also quarts if present may participate this probably catalytically based reaction. This last mentioned, however, is doubtful.
The investigations, therefore, have been continued as far as regards two such polymerization products chosen, and due -to the exact and precise properties of each polymerization product per se, it was supposed that the most reliable result would be obtained if the investigations were made on basis of an addition of an acrylic plastic in combination with an epoxy plastic to the water glass composition according to the invention. Thereby rigidity values were obtained, which were, certainly, a little undetermined, but which were in general about 40 percent higher than the values which could be obtained with the water glass com-position according to the inven-tion under addition of only one of the two said plastics. The matter of fact that the rigidity `` ~L;2~6~30~L
- 15b ~ ~3~17-103 values were a little unde-termined was supposed to depend upon the fact that, when the kests were made one had no-t produced the part-icles of the plastics with one and the same shape and size, but this moment of uncertainty was regarded to correspond to circum-stances as they are in practice.
The phenomenon was especially well observable within -the range of between 10 and 30 percent of weight of acrylic plastic and also between 10 and 30 percent of weight of the epoxy plastic, said percentages in both cases being calculated on -the total of the weight of the mass. No appreciable difference could be ob-served if one for instance added one of the plastics in a quantity of 10 percent of weight and the other one in a quantity of 30 percent of weight or vice versa. But one could observe that the maximum of pressure rigidity was obtained when the plastics were added in quantities which were between 15 and 2~ percent of weigbt of the total of the dry weight of water glass and activated sil-icon and the quartz perhaps present.
It pro~ed that the blow rigidity, the pressure rigidity and the draw rigidity did all increase in the unexpected way men-tioned above, but that the draw rigidity increased less than thetwo other ones. It was not possible to find any clear answer to the question why the three types of rigidity increased at differ-ent rates.
A mean value o~ the rigidity of the three types mention-ed was calculated as ahout 30~ more than the increase of rigidity obtained when only the one or the other one o-E the two plastics were added to -the composition of water glass and activated silicon æ~
~ 15c - 63~17-103 and perhaps quartz. This mean value, -this were a little lower than the value of 40~ mentioned above.
Below, some examples of the use of the inven-tion will be given:
All of them have been tested and have been found in an extensive rate to satisfy -the desire about the advantages given account for.
Example 1:
This example regarded the use of the composition as a binding means, more closely for use ln situ at the time when a binding between two building materials is required. The composi-tion was composed as follows:
Sodium water glass, dry weight295 parts Quartz meal, dry weight 251 parts Activated silicon (fly ashes), dry weight 25 parts Curing means (sodium hexafluoride) 36 parts The composition gave a very good binding effect, also onmaterial to which water glass alone as well as other known compositions of water glass did not at all attach. After addition of the curing means the composition hardened within a time o~ less than ten minutes. A-t comparative tests with a composition without activated silicon but wi-th the same quantity of curing means, the hardening took a time of a least several hours and, in some cases, up to one or more days.
Example 2:
\
This example also regarded a composition to be used as binding means, this time, however, be-tween the lamina in a -` ~æ~B~
- 15d - 63~ 103 laminated plate for bui:Lding purposes. Also now comparative -tests were made without addition~of activated silicon and it proved that the composi-tion with activated silicon gave a binding effect which was 30 ~ stronger than the one obtained without activated si~icon.
The composi-tion was composed as follows:
Sodium water glass, dry weight 270 parts Activated silicon tfly ashes), dry weight 11 parts Curing means equal as in Ex. 1 18 parts Amongst others it proved at the tests tha-t the binding means attached well to window glass, -to which tradi-tional water glass based binding means do not at all attach, or if the glass is frosted certainLy will attach but with a non resting binding. The same applied to shiny metal surfaces.
Example 3:
This test intended creation of a floor cover material to be used in factory locali-ties, where heavy vehicles are driven.
The intention was to provide a sound damping cover having long duration. The composi-tion has -the following content:
Sodium water glass 270 parts Quartz meal 300 parts ~ctivated silicon 24 parts Curing means ~same as in Ex. 1~ 18 parts Same composition was also prepared leaving out the quartz meal. The two compositions were compared during completely equal circumstances. Both hardened a-t a time of between 8 and 12 minutes after the curing means was added. Waste oil and fats did not attach to the surface of the covered floor, which was regarded - 15~ - ~3417-103 -the perhaps most important advan-tage of this floor cover when used in a fac-tory locality.
The two tested floor covers were subject to artificial strains in a test bank by al-terna-ting pushes and vibrations with an intensity, calculated to correspond to normal strains during five years. The surfaces of the floor cover containing quartz meal remained intact. The surface of the floor cover which didn't contain quartz meal after a period of time corresponding to be-tween 4 and 5 years proved to have smaller fissures, but they were not deep. Simultaneously, the floor cover produced inclusive of quartz meal still was intact.
Example 4:
In this case the composition was used for production of heat accumulating bodies for a steam generator. The composition was as follows:
Sodium water glass 250 parts Copper granulate 750 parts Reinforcement (Steel wool)40 parts Activated silicon (fly ashes)50 parts Curing means (same as above)54 parts The heat accumulator bodies were heated in the steam generator to a temperature of 400C and, -thereafter, they were cooled by spraying so that their temperature sunk during the time of one second to 85C. Earlier, one had for same purpose used heat accumulator bodies from same composition, however without -the addition of activated silicon. These heat accumulator bodies with an addition of activated silicon proved -to have a life length of æ~4 - 15~ - 634:L7-103 averagely eight times the one for heat accumulator bodies without activated silicon. The heat accumulator bodies without activated silicon, after a short time, decomposed into pieces or smaller parts, which could, in part, be called powder.
Exampl_ 5:
In this test building plates were produced under addi-tion of acid cellulose material. First, a composition was pro-duced containing sodium water glass, quartz meal and activated silicon separately, and thereafter, by means of sulphuric acid the pH of the zero fiber material from the sulphite pulp industry was adjusted, said material having been brought in a way know per se to a decreased acidity, which was insufficient for the present purpose. The pH thereby was adjusted to be equal to 4. In this case no conventional curer was used, because i-t proved that the acid cellulose acted as a curer. The composition was as follows:
Composition: Sodium water glass 57 parts of weight Quartz meal 6 parts Activated silicon _ _ _ 2_parts In total 45 parts ~el1ulosic material: 55 parts in weigh_ In total lO0 parts After the production of the composition proper, the cellulosic material was added, and the curing immediatel~ started. This, however continued a little slower than in the tests l - 4. Be~ore the curing had continued so far that -the material had got stiff, and when it was still in a plastic state, so that it could be shaped, it was cast into moulds for creation of the building . ~L
- 15g ~ 63~17-103 plates. Thereafter the curing continued until the plate was ready cured. During the end of the curing this took place rather quick-ly such that the material turned over from plastic consistency into the final solid one in less than ten minutes. At this time, the produced building plate could be removed from the mould immed-iately.
The building plates produced had a higher rigidity than any building plates on basis of water glass earlier known. In firs-t place, however, they proved to have a power of elastic return of any change of shape, which was very remarkable. This way, such damages could be avoided which would otherwise easily happen during transportation or mounting, and, as a consequence thereof, -the mounting work could take place both easier and quicker.
The present invention regards a method Eor the produc-tion of a moulding mass in the sense mentioned above and of the type mentioned above by means of additions causing further essen-tial improvements of the properties of the mou:Lding mass, especi-ally by the formation of crystals in the mass being promo-ted, created in the reaction, and by -the mass getting less sensible for the content of water in the water glass than was earlier the case.
It has also proved -that a moulding mass produced according to -the present invention allows for an essentially wider variation of traditional additions whereby a better distribution of the speci-fic properties of the moulding mass is ensured, which are desired to achieve by said additions.
According -to the invention, activated silicon is added to the moulding mass known per se, preferably in the form of cry-stal meal or crystal grains and in quantities which will be ap-parent Erom the following. Activated silicon is the traditional denomina-tion for such silicon in pure for~n or in some simp:Le com-pound, which originated by decomposition of some silicon compound of higher value at high supply of power, such that this silicon got in same way as applied to carbon and other elements chemically related to carbon, a chemical activity.
It is not known quite sure how this "activity" should be explained, but a theory which is probably correct is that one or more of the electrons in the activated silicon have been displaced out of their normal orbits such that an inner molecular tension 1269911~L
- ~ - 634L7--103 was created, at the llberating of which large quantities of power were released. Vnder the influence of these quantities of power the activated silicon may cause reactlons of chemical na-ture which would otherwise not at all or anyway only at a limited scale exist in non-activated silicon. The feed of this power usually takes place by the silicon compound being heated to a very high tempera-ture. As a consequence of this, one will find ac-tivated silicon which has been activated -to a very high rate in fly ashes from the steel work industry, within which these high temperatures exist.
When activated silicon is added to the moulding mass, this will change its properties in such an apparent way, that there is a good reason to assume that a phase chemical reaction is initiated as will often be the case within the silicate chemistry.
It has, however, not been possible to find out how this reaction is developing. But it is well known that reac-tions will appear within the silicate chemistry, which are difficult to unders-tand and to a great extent are still enigmatic. Therefore, the present invention has been created in a purely empirical way.
An essential advan-tage of the moulding mass according to the present invention as compared with moulding masses on basis of water glass, earlier known, perhaps with an addition of quartz (sio2) is that the scope of the different types of additional material is essentially increased.
In tes-ts with a composition of this type, one also in-vestigated the influence of an addition o-f finely divided c01-lulose alone -to the water glass and water glass mixtures, and, thereby, a lot of circumstances were found, hitherto only 9~;26~
empirically observed, which form basis of an especially favourable embodiment of the present invention. The said continua-ted invest-igations, in first place, intended to study to what an extent you could add cellulose in ~inely divided form as a dilution means in order, in this way to get a product which would be possible to use in magnitude of cases but which would, due to the cheap dilution ~aterial, be produced at very low costs. Surprisingly, it was found that the product got unexpected and in many cases extremely useful properties, for which account will be given below.
Mixing in neutral or basic cellulose proved to be less advantageous, but, on the contrary, it proved that weekly acid cellulose caused the properties mentioned above in the final pro-duct. Investigations were also made for stating the type of an acid by means of which the acid properties o~ the mass a~ter mix-ing in finely divided cellulose were obtained, and thereby it was found, that bark meal gave a very ~avourable result. Bark meal contains small quantities of tannic acid. Further, very yood results were obtained at use of so called zero fibers, this means ~ibers of cellulose o~ such a small size, that when dewatering, they pass through the wire and are removed along with the flue water. These fibers, always, contain given residues of the acid or acids, resp., used at the cellulose cooking, in first place sulfurous acid but also many other acids. In general, these acids appear at very small quantities or, if they appear at greater quantities, they should be weakly active, such as is the case for instance with tannic acid and sulfurous acid.
- 6 - ~3~]7~103 An e~ssential improvement of the invention, t'nus, con-sists in adding to the composi-tion of water glass and activated silicon an acidly reacting cellulose material in finely divided form and at an amount, which proved in the investigations made to be between 5 and 75 percent of weight of the total weight of the composition.
In the said tests, it also proved that you could add to the moulding mass according to the inven-tion different plastic emulsions in the form of such polymerization products not yet cured or only partly cured. The curing of them or the fulfilling of the said curing only initiated, thereby, may take place simul-taneously with the curing of the moulding mass after a curer has been added. In this way, a lot of di~feren-t new products may be manufactured which have mainly the properties of the polymeriza-tion products in quantitative respect, but which have these pro-perties at a quan-titative extent, which is essentially improved.
Amongst other additional materials, which may b~ mixed into the moulding mass according to the present invention, the following ones may be mentioned.
The moulding mass may be provided wi-th additions of heavy materials, especially heavy metals in the form of powder, grains or granules. Amongst such metals lead and copper should be mentioned as well as alloys containing lead and/or copper, e.g.
brass and bronze. The power of the moulding mass to assume and accumulate heat will thereby ge-t very high. The conduction of heat fed to the moulding mass and the removal of accumulated heat from the moulding mass, respectively, are simultaneously improved, - 7 - 63~ 103 causing a shortening of the unavoidable time consumed for feeding or removal of a given amount of heat.
Further, the moulding mass may be expanded -to a higher degree than was earlier possible, still maintaining its rigidity, and, thereby the expansion may be effected in many different ways.
For instance some suitable tenside may be mixed into the mass in presence of air, or one may add to the moulding mass some plastic, expanding under the influence of hea-t, such as polystyrene or polyurethane and thereafter heat the moulding mass before i-t has cured all through. A suitable tempera-ture at addition of poly s-tyrene, for instance is 90C.
It was mentioned above that one could mix in cellulosic material in finely divided form in acid milieu. If one would not estimate the advantages emanating thereby, one may mix in the cellulosic material on basic milieu. Thereby, the cellulosic material preferably is zero fibers which are added along with bi-carbonate to the moulding mass according to the present inven-tion, preferably after it has been allotted a somewhat weaker consistency by the addition of a plastic.
It is not only possible to mix the moulding mass accord-ing to the invention with many different plastics but also with other materials such as asphalt and latex, preferably when said materials are in emulsion. Said materials will give to -the moulding mass improved property as binding means.
Due to this improved binding property when the moulding mass is used as a bonding means, it will also be especially well adapted for reinforcement purposes. Such reinforcement may be - 8 - ~3~L-/-103 effected with goo~ results by means oE re-inEorcement rnaterials which were earlier regarded less suitable. Often just -these mat-erials for re-inforcement are very cheap causing that one may provide a product, comparable with earlier known re-inforced mat-erials at much lower costs. When working wi-th a moulding mass according to the presen-t invention it has been found -that the curing takes place beginning at the outer surface of the mass such that a skin is formed, which is plastically shapeable and very tough, the mass inside of this skin initially being plastically shapeable to a higher degree with a power thereafter -to retain its shape. Thereafter, one may by pressing, rolling or the like give to a quantity of said mass of given shape, which it will there-after, retain during the continuation of the curing. This matter of fact may, for instance, be used when impressing a pattern or a relief into the surface of bodies of the mass according to the invention.
~ mongst the advan-tages of -the invention, there should also be men-tioned that it will provide a much better fire protec-tion when used in a way which i8 earlier known from usual water g:Lass based building productsl for instance as a cover on fire dangerous buiLding parts.
Therefore, it has been possible, in construction de-tails, which have been covered with a moulding mass according to the present invention, to mix in larger quantities of otherwise fire dangerous materials such as saw dus-t, tur~ and other organic materials or asphalt emulsion, without decrease o~ the fire pro-tecting properties. The fire protecting properties also cause ~69~
that the moulding mass according -to the invention will be sui-table as a binding means in the production of laminar ma-terials, especially plates for building purposes where one was, earlier, advised to different types of glue which had either a bad attachment power or were rather strongly apt to burn.
Intricate investigations in connection with the present invention, thus, have been made in order to state the quantity of activated silicon (activated silicon in pure form or in the form of a simple compound) in relation -to the quan-tity of water glass, perhaps wi-th an addition of quartz. Thereby, i-t has proved that the specific properties concerned of the water glass composition according to the invention exis-t at an addition of activated sili-con such that the part of activated silicon calculated as the weight of Si, of the dry weight of the sum of silicon, water glass and ~uartz eventually added will be between 3 and 5 percent of weight.
The quantity of activated silicon should not be less than 3 percent of weight because, in such a case, it would not be sufficient for providing the said and above further described advantageous effects, nor should it be less than 5 percent of weight because, in such a case, would the rigidity be less without the surplus of activated silicon causing any observable improve-ment of the above mentioned properties of the moulding mass. The best result is obtained if the part of activated silicon is be-tween 3.6 and 4.5 percent of weight or, with other words, about 4 percent of weight.
In the tests mentioned above with intermixing finely divided cellulose, especially zero fibers from the paper and pulp ~ 10 - ~417-103 industry, i-t further proved that such an :intermixing in basic milieu was, certainly, advantageous in given respects but in other respects it was less favourable. But it also proved tha-t mixing in cellulosic material in acid milieu in the way mentioned above would give a very favourable result. Such an in-termixing did not affect the fire safety and -the product, still, appeared as flame safe and fire safe. At a small addition of the acid cellulose, one could certainly retain a weak flame under strong formation of soot but when the amount of cellulose was increased, one got com-plete flame safety of the product and if the combustion was re-tained by an outer source of fire in the way mentioned above, and, thereafter the source of fire was removed, then the fire immedi-ately extinguished.
Another apparent property of the product produced was its elasticity, which did not seem to affect its draw rigidity.
Products of high elastic shapeability without any risk for break-age find use -for many different purposes where one had, earlier, no cheap material available.
The most important property of the product concerned, however, is its cheap production costs. Mainly, it comprises materials, which were earlier regarded not only as useless but even as harmful and, unfortunately, impossible to use for any useful purposes. Then, it must be regarded extremely desirable to find a useful application of these materials. It is such an ap-plication which has been made possible according to the present invention. To this add that the final product gets favourable properties without, simultaneously, being more expensive. Rather, ~269~L
~ 63~1~~103 i-t may be produced in a cheaper way.
In the inves-tigations forming basis o-f the present in-vention, it further proved that the degree of acidity (pH) of the cellulosic material used is of decisive importance. At too low a value of pH the advantageous properties given accoun-t for above will not show up in the product manufactured from -the moulding mass, and, at too high a value of pH -the curing will -take place so quickly, that there will not be sufficient time available for controlling the run of the production, and the shaped body pro-duced will also get brittle and fragile. This means, therefore,if one causes by choice of the value of pH that seemingly the curing would take place slower than would be desirable with res-pect to the demand for a rational production, this will not mean a difficulty, which cannot be tolerated. It is only required to add to the curer an accelerator and as such an accelerator preferably some suitable phosphorus compound is used, e.g. ammonium phosphate.
Further, in the production of objects under addition of cellulosic material in acid milieu, the curing may take place by means of electric alternating current flowing through the mass, whereby one will get a very effective means for controlling the speed of curing.
~ xtensive investigations, therefore, have been made for finding the limit values of the pH of the acid cellulose. These investigations have proved that the pH should be between 2 and 6.
If the pH is less than 2 or more than 6, you will not get a per-fect product. Usually it would even not be possible to use.
8~4 - 12 - 63~L7-103 When intermixing the cellulosic material in the form o-f zero fibers from the sulphate industry, one will immediately get good results. If, on the contrary, the zero fibers are collected from the sulphite industry, a given difficulty may arise. As a matter of fact, the zero fiber material from the sulphite industry is usually so strongly acid when leaving the wire that it will, at this time cer-tainly be within the limits for the pH mentioned above, but the said material will usually not be in this state.
The reason of this difficulty is that the zero -fiber material was, hitherto, regarded a harmful product, and, therefore it was washed away through existing outlets to adjacent water courses along wi-th the waste water (lye water) from the wire, but this caused an acidification of the water course and in some cases of the ground water. Therefore, it was regarded dangerous to the milieu and prescriptions were given which made it necessary to deacidify the zero fiber material, e.g. by addition of lime ~CaO) in specific inter-storing basins. By this s-tep, however, the zero fiber mat-erial available in trade to be used for the purpose of the present invention, from the cellulose industry and in firs-t place from the sulphite cellulose industry was brought, as to its pH, outside of the limit values which it should possess according -to the present invention.
This disadvantage, therefore, had to be done away with before one could add zero fiber material to a moulding mass of -the present type. In practice, this is made by acidification of -the zero fiber material before it is added to the water glass. This may take place by addition of adapted quan-tities of an acid, and, ~ .. ~
~ , . . .. .
~2~9~
~ 13 - ~3~17~103 in practice, thereby only sulfuric acid will be used.
Zero fiber material from the sulphite pulp industry has proved to be the be-t-ter one, but it was also possible to use zero fiber cellulose from the sulphate pulp industry. However, it proved that the acidity of the last mentioned fiber is sometimes too high, because it is derived from the strong sulfuric acid (~2S04). For some purposes, nevertheless it could be used, but not in its existing state if it was collected directly from the wire, and, in such a case, it had to be de-acidified.
The type of the cellulosic material added is not of decisive importance. The reason why we have, above, especially mentioned zero fiber material from the cellulose industry, and thereby in first place from the sulphite and sulphate pulp ind-ustry, simply is tha-t this material is a non-desired by product and that, therefore, a useful use of i-t has been of value by the consequent decrease of damages of the milieu.
Another waste product which is not desirable, however is bark, even if the damages of the milieu from bark are of a rather subordinated importance, because the barlc will slowly and in a natural way be the subject o~ a decomposition turning over into wood mould. But bark is also a material for which i-t is desirable to find a useful use and, for this reason, investiga-tions have been made in connection with the creation of the present invention using finely divided bark meal. Bark meal comprises when collec-ted from pine wood, quantities of tannic acid, which will rather well correspond to the demands according to the present invention.
Usually, therefore, no adjustment of the p~ is necessary.
8~
- 14 - 63417 1~3 It was mentioned above that the quan-ti-ty of cellu:Losic material added may be varied within rather wide limit.s, and, as such limit values were indicated between 5 and 75 percen-t of weight, in both cases to be calculated on basis of the dry weight of the total of the mass contained in the composi-tion. This var-iation of the amount of cellulose causes a strong variation of the properties of the material produced. At low content of cellulose will, contrary to what one would assume, the rigidity of the pro-duced objects be less, but simultaneously a very light product is obtained having exceedingly good properties of elastically return-able power of changing its shape. The rigidity successively in-creases with increase of the amount of the water glass based ini-tial material, but the power of elas-tic re-turn of shape simul-taneously will be less, however only slowly. Even at the highest content of cellulosic material proposed of 75 percent of weight will this elastic power of return be remarkably stron~. Of course, however, the product will be heavier, the greater the quantity of the initial material contained in the product is and the less the quantity of cellulosic material is.
The above mentioned properties of a product from the composition according to the convention has as its result that this composition ~ay advantageously be used in the production o~
many different types of objects. Amongst such objects already above have been mentioned heat accumulators, whereby it was pro-vided that a heavy metal is introduced in the mass such as lead or copper. Both lead and copper are rather expensive, and if it desired to build up an accumulator of heat at lower costs even if ~L26~
- 15 - ~3~:Ll-103 with less e~fectivity, one may instead of these metals use some other material within the ~roup which used to be calle~ "brown material" and in which such materials as soapstone, felspar, ser-pentine and olivine are contained.
The composition according to the invention further is especially suitable for the production of building materials in the form of plates for use in such cases when, earlier, gypsum plates or coke slag plates or the like were used. The use of the moulding mass according to the invention, however, shall not be limited to these -fields of use.
Independently of if cellulosic material has been added or not, and also, when using cellulosic material, independently of if this took place in basic or in acid milieu, tests have also been made with an addition of different polymerization products.
Ther~by, it has proved that the advantages mentioned above will exist independently of what polymerization produc-t is used as a filler for the purpose of giving the final product the specific properties. In these tes-ts, however, a curiosity could be observed for which one could not find a reliable explanation.
Adding to the water glass composition according to the invention chosen parts of two different polymerization products, e.g. a phenolic plastic and an acrylic plastic, or an epoxy plastic and an acrylic plastic, one will get a final product which will not only possess the qualitative properties of the two initial polymerization products in combination, but these will appear in a form, which is quantitatively stronger.
~ ~5~ ~ 63~17-103 As an example, it may be mentioned that one may use the water glass composition according to -the invention for improving the action of the proper-ties which acrylic plastics have as well as those which epoxy plastics have, but if both of them are added, one will get a rigidity of the ready product substantially greater than the rigidity of the composition according to the invention with an addition of only one of the two plastics. It has not been possible to find the explanation of this, but it seems to be poss-ible that the phenomenon may depend upon some kind of a cross binding between the two plastics under influence of either water glass or, which seems to be more probable, the activated silicon, said activated silicon having a latent power, so that it may ac-t as an activator/catalyst. Possibly, also quarts if present may participate this probably catalytically based reaction. This last mentioned, however, is doubtful.
The investigations, therefore, have been continued as far as regards two such polymerization products chosen, and due -to the exact and precise properties of each polymerization product per se, it was supposed that the most reliable result would be obtained if the investigations were made on basis of an addition of an acrylic plastic in combination with an epoxy plastic to the water glass composition according to the invention. Thereby rigidity values were obtained, which were, certainly, a little undetermined, but which were in general about 40 percent higher than the values which could be obtained with the water glass com-position according to the inven-tion under addition of only one of the two said plastics. The matter of fact that the rigidity `` ~L;2~6~30~L
- 15b ~ ~3~17-103 values were a little unde-termined was supposed to depend upon the fact that, when the kests were made one had no-t produced the part-icles of the plastics with one and the same shape and size, but this moment of uncertainty was regarded to correspond to circum-stances as they are in practice.
The phenomenon was especially well observable within -the range of between 10 and 30 percent of weight of acrylic plastic and also between 10 and 30 percent of weight of the epoxy plastic, said percentages in both cases being calculated on -the total of the weight of the mass. No appreciable difference could be ob-served if one for instance added one of the plastics in a quantity of 10 percent of weight and the other one in a quantity of 30 percent of weight or vice versa. But one could observe that the maximum of pressure rigidity was obtained when the plastics were added in quantities which were between 15 and 2~ percent of weigbt of the total of the dry weight of water glass and activated sil-icon and the quartz perhaps present.
It pro~ed that the blow rigidity, the pressure rigidity and the draw rigidity did all increase in the unexpected way men-tioned above, but that the draw rigidity increased less than thetwo other ones. It was not possible to find any clear answer to the question why the three types of rigidity increased at differ-ent rates.
A mean value o~ the rigidity of the three types mention-ed was calculated as ahout 30~ more than the increase of rigidity obtained when only the one or the other one o-E the two plastics were added to -the composition of water glass and activated silicon æ~
~ 15c - 63~17-103 and perhaps quartz. This mean value, -this were a little lower than the value of 40~ mentioned above.
Below, some examples of the use of the inven-tion will be given:
All of them have been tested and have been found in an extensive rate to satisfy -the desire about the advantages given account for.
Example 1:
This example regarded the use of the composition as a binding means, more closely for use ln situ at the time when a binding between two building materials is required. The composi-tion was composed as follows:
Sodium water glass, dry weight295 parts Quartz meal, dry weight 251 parts Activated silicon (fly ashes), dry weight 25 parts Curing means (sodium hexafluoride) 36 parts The composition gave a very good binding effect, also onmaterial to which water glass alone as well as other known compositions of water glass did not at all attach. After addition of the curing means the composition hardened within a time o~ less than ten minutes. A-t comparative tests with a composition without activated silicon but wi-th the same quantity of curing means, the hardening took a time of a least several hours and, in some cases, up to one or more days.
Example 2:
\
This example also regarded a composition to be used as binding means, this time, however, be-tween the lamina in a -` ~æ~B~
- 15d - 63~ 103 laminated plate for bui:Lding purposes. Also now comparative -tests were made without addition~of activated silicon and it proved that the composi-tion with activated silicon gave a binding effect which was 30 ~ stronger than the one obtained without activated si~icon.
The composi-tion was composed as follows:
Sodium water glass, dry weight 270 parts Activated silicon tfly ashes), dry weight 11 parts Curing means equal as in Ex. 1 18 parts Amongst others it proved at the tests tha-t the binding means attached well to window glass, -to which tradi-tional water glass based binding means do not at all attach, or if the glass is frosted certainLy will attach but with a non resting binding. The same applied to shiny metal surfaces.
Example 3:
This test intended creation of a floor cover material to be used in factory locali-ties, where heavy vehicles are driven.
The intention was to provide a sound damping cover having long duration. The composi-tion has -the following content:
Sodium water glass 270 parts Quartz meal 300 parts ~ctivated silicon 24 parts Curing means ~same as in Ex. 1~ 18 parts Same composition was also prepared leaving out the quartz meal. The two compositions were compared during completely equal circumstances. Both hardened a-t a time of between 8 and 12 minutes after the curing means was added. Waste oil and fats did not attach to the surface of the covered floor, which was regarded - 15~ - ~3417-103 -the perhaps most important advan-tage of this floor cover when used in a fac-tory locality.
The two tested floor covers were subject to artificial strains in a test bank by al-terna-ting pushes and vibrations with an intensity, calculated to correspond to normal strains during five years. The surfaces of the floor cover containing quartz meal remained intact. The surface of the floor cover which didn't contain quartz meal after a period of time corresponding to be-tween 4 and 5 years proved to have smaller fissures, but they were not deep. Simultaneously, the floor cover produced inclusive of quartz meal still was intact.
Example 4:
In this case the composition was used for production of heat accumulating bodies for a steam generator. The composition was as follows:
Sodium water glass 250 parts Copper granulate 750 parts Reinforcement (Steel wool)40 parts Activated silicon (fly ashes)50 parts Curing means (same as above)54 parts The heat accumulator bodies were heated in the steam generator to a temperature of 400C and, -thereafter, they were cooled by spraying so that their temperature sunk during the time of one second to 85C. Earlier, one had for same purpose used heat accumulator bodies from same composition, however without -the addition of activated silicon. These heat accumulator bodies with an addition of activated silicon proved -to have a life length of æ~4 - 15~ - 634:L7-103 averagely eight times the one for heat accumulator bodies without activated silicon. The heat accumulator bodies without activated silicon, after a short time, decomposed into pieces or smaller parts, which could, in part, be called powder.
Exampl_ 5:
In this test building plates were produced under addi-tion of acid cellulose material. First, a composition was pro-duced containing sodium water glass, quartz meal and activated silicon separately, and thereafter, by means of sulphuric acid the pH of the zero fiber material from the sulphite pulp industry was adjusted, said material having been brought in a way know per se to a decreased acidity, which was insufficient for the present purpose. The pH thereby was adjusted to be equal to 4. In this case no conventional curer was used, because i-t proved that the acid cellulose acted as a curer. The composition was as follows:
Composition: Sodium water glass 57 parts of weight Quartz meal 6 parts Activated silicon _ _ _ 2_parts In total 45 parts ~el1ulosic material: 55 parts in weigh_ In total lO0 parts After the production of the composition proper, the cellulosic material was added, and the curing immediatel~ started. This, however continued a little slower than in the tests l - 4. Be~ore the curing had continued so far that -the material had got stiff, and when it was still in a plastic state, so that it could be shaped, it was cast into moulds for creation of the building . ~L
- 15g ~ 63~17-103 plates. Thereafter the curing continued until the plate was ready cured. During the end of the curing this took place rather quick-ly such that the material turned over from plastic consistency into the final solid one in less than ten minutes. At this time, the produced building plate could be removed from the mould immed-iately.
The building plates produced had a higher rigidity than any building plates on basis of water glass earlier known. In firs-t place, however, they proved to have a power of elastic return of any change of shape, which was very remarkable. This way, such damages could be avoided which would otherwise easily happen during transportation or mounting, and, as a consequence thereof, -the mounting work could take place both easier and quicker.
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for the production of improved building materials from a shapeable water-glass containing composi-tion comprising adding to said composition about 3 to 5 %
by weight based on the total dry materials in said composi-tion of activated silicon and curing the resulting mixture.
by weight based on the total dry materials in said composi-tion of activated silicon and curing the resulting mixture.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a curing agent is added to the composition.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the curing agent is sodium hexafluoride.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein finely divided cellulose in a basic medium is added to the composition prior to curing.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein finely divided cellulose in an acid medium is added to the composition in a quantity of between 5 and 75 % by weight calculated on the dry weight of the total composition.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the cellulose material is bark meal.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the composi-tion of water-glass and activated silicon and also the compo-sition containing the cellulose material of the desired pH
are separately prepared and then mixed together.
are separately prepared and then mixed together.
8. A method according to claim 3, wherein the composi-tion of water glass and activated silicon and the composition containing the cellulose material of the desired pH are separately prepared and then mixed together.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein a plastic emulsion in divided form incompletely cured is added to the composition prior to said curing step.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein said plastic is selected from a group consisting of acrylic plastic, epoxy plastic, phenolic plastic and mixtures thereof, in a quantity of between 10 and 30 % by weight calculated on the total dry weight of the composition.
11. A method according to claim 1, wherein heavy metal in granulated form is added to the composition prior to curing.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the heavy metal is selected from a group consisting of lead, copper, or alloys containing lead and/or copper.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is rendered porous by adding to it a tenside material in the presence of air before the composition solidifies.
14. A method according to claim 1, wherein plastic which expands under the influence of heat is added to the composi-tion and the resulting mixture is heated to render it porous.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the plastic is polystyrene.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8502242A SE8502242D0 (en) | 1985-05-07 | 1985-05-07 | PROCEDURAL KIT FOR PREPARING A POWDER, INCLUDING WATER GLASS |
| SE85/02.242-4 | 1985-05-07 | ||
| SE85/03.743-0 | 1985-08-08 | ||
| SE8503743A SE8503743D0 (en) | 1985-08-08 | 1985-08-08 | PILLOW MASS, INCLUDING WATER GLASS, AND PROCEDURAL KIT FOR ITS PREPARATION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1269804A true CA1269804A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
Family
ID=26658963
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000508472A Expired - Fee Related CA1269804A (en) | 1985-05-07 | 1986-05-06 | Method for the production of a moulding mass containing water glass |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU587826B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1269804A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK213986A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI83629C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO861810L (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003035573A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Dutiro Cuthbert | Hybrid fibre composite precursor |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4030939A (en) * | 1975-07-30 | 1977-06-21 | Southwest Research Institute | Cement composition |
-
1986
- 1986-05-06 FI FI861884A patent/FI83629C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-06 CA CA000508472A patent/CA1269804A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-06 NO NO861810A patent/NO861810L/en unknown
- 1986-05-06 AU AU57182/86A patent/AU587826B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-05-07 DK DK213986A patent/DK213986A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003035573A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Dutiro Cuthbert | Hybrid fibre composite precursor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI861884A (en) | 1986-11-08 |
| DK213986A (en) | 1986-11-08 |
| FI861884A0 (en) | 1986-05-06 |
| AU5718286A (en) | 1986-11-13 |
| FI83629B (en) | 1991-04-30 |
| AU587826B2 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
| NO861810L (en) | 1986-11-10 |
| DK213986D0 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| FI83629C (en) | 1991-08-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4373038A (en) | Asbestos-free friction material | |
| DE69900726T2 (en) | CORROSION-INHIBITING COMPOSITION FOR BINDERS BASED ON POLYACRYLIC ACID | |
| EP0004372B1 (en) | Flame-retardant moulded articles comprising mineral-clad ligneous particles | |
| US4571389A (en) | Rice hull ash compositions | |
| CA1125583A (en) | Method of making fibriform fire protection medium | |
| EP0006525B1 (en) | Non-obsolescent fireproofing material, process for making it, and its uses | |
| DE102008003932A1 (en) | Low energy wall panels and methods of making same | |
| CA1170474A (en) | Fiber materials | |
| CN111233424A (en) | Building board prepared by taking coal-based solid waste as raw material and method | |
| CA1247807A (en) | Fibre board, a method for making it, and a binder composition | |
| CA1269804A (en) | Method for the production of a moulding mass containing water glass | |
| EP0466754B2 (en) | Insulating product of mineral fibre wool, intended in particular for heat insulation of pipes, and method for making this product | |
| EP0203899A1 (en) | A method for the production of a moulding mass, containing water glass | |
| DE3729507C2 (en) | Process for the environmentally friendly recycling of asphalt | |
| US3639276A (en) | Corrosion-inhibiting thermal insulation for stainless steel | |
| US3168489A (en) | Process of producing a foundry core composition | |
| CA1096104A (en) | Flame retardant particleboard | |
| SU1440900A1 (en) | Initial composition for manufacturing fire-proof finishing material | |
| JPS61283439A (en) | Manufacture of molding substance containing water glass | |
| JPS6022011B2 (en) | organic friction material | |
| DE19714729B4 (en) | Process for the production of coated pellets or granules from fiber materials suitable as insulation material | |
| US2218244A (en) | Chemically bonded refractory | |
| DE69603988T2 (en) | Process for the production of fly ash granules | |
| DE861527C (en) | Manufacture of mineral wool felts | |
| DE3304033A1 (en) | Lightweight building material and a process for the manufacture thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |