CA1268207A - Ringing choke type dc/dc converter - Google Patents
Ringing choke type dc/dc converterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1268207A CA1268207A CA000532000A CA532000A CA1268207A CA 1268207 A CA1268207 A CA 1268207A CA 000532000 A CA000532000 A CA 000532000A CA 532000 A CA532000 A CA 532000A CA 1268207 A CA1268207 A CA 1268207A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- winding
- base
- capacitor
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A ringing choke type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having a primary winding, a secondary winding and a feedback winding, a d.c. power source connected through a transistor to the primary winding of the transformer, another d.c. power source connected through a diode to the secondary winding of the transformer, the transistor connected at a base circuit thereof through a capacitor to the feedback winding of the transformer, a branch circuit of the feedback winding of the transformer provided in the base circuit of the transformer, a series unit of a Zener diode and a capacitor for forming the branch circuit, and an impedance provided in series with the base and the emitter junction of the transistor for preventing the transistor from intermittently operating.
Description
~61~ 0?7 -This invention relates to improvements in a ringing choke type DC/DC converter for controlling in response to varia-tions in a load, an input voltage and an environmental tempera-ture.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a prior-art ringing type DC/DC converter;
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram showing the waveforms of respective points when the circuit in Fig. 1 operates;
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage control section of the circuit in Fig. l;
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an R.C.C. according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage control section of the circuit in Fig. ~;
Fig.s 6 and 7 are circuit diagrams of another embodi-ments of R.C.C. of the invention;
Fig.s 8 and 9 are characteristics diagrams showing the temperature characteristics of capacitors; and Fig.s 10 and 11 are circuit diagrams showing still another embodiments of R.C.C. using constant-voltage elements.
In the drawings, the same symbols lndicate the same or corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit illustrating a prior-art ringing ~8~7 -choke type DC/DC converter (hereinbelow referred to as an "R.C.C.") disclosed, for example, in Fig. 6 on page 214 of TRAN-SISTOR TECHNIQUE, issued in September, 1977 (by CQ Publication Co., ~apan). In the drawing, numeral 1 denotes a d.c. power source, numeral 2 denotes a transformer, the starting end of a primary winding 3 of the transformer 2 is connected to the posi-tive electrode of the d.c. power source 2., and the finishing end of the primary winding 3 is connected to the collector of a tran-sistor 4. The emitter of the transistor 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the d.c. power source 1. Numeral 5 denotes a starting resistor connected between the positive electrode of the d.c. power source 1 and the base of the transistor 4, numeral ~ denotes a feedback winding of the transformer 2, the starting end of the feedback winding 6 is connected through a series cir-cuit of a resistor 7 and capacitor 8 to the base of the transis-tor 4, and the finishing end of the feedback winding 6 is con-nected to the emitter of the - la -~ 26~
transistor 4. Numeral 9 denotes a diode, the cathode side of the diode 9 is connected to the starting end of the feedback winding 6, and the anode side of the windiny 6 is connected to the negative electrode of a capacitor 10. The positive electrode of the capacitor 10 is connected to the finishing end of the feedback wincling 6. Numeral 11 denotes a Zener diode, the cathode side of the diode 11 is connected to the base of the transistor 4, and the anode side of the diode ll is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor lO. Numeral 12 denotes a secondary winding of the transformer 2, numeral 13 denotes a diode, the anode side of the diode 13 is connected to the finishing end of the secondary winding 12, and the cathode side of the diode 13 is connected to the positive electrode of a capacitor 14. The negative electrode of the capacitor 14 is connected to the starting end of the secondary winding 12. Numeral 15 denotes a load, which is connected to both ends of the capacitor 14.
The operation of the R.C.C which self-excited oscillates will be described with reference to the waveforms of respective points at operating time in Fig. 2.
When a power switch, not shown, is now turned on, a voltage Vin of the d.c. power source is applied through the starting resistor 5 to the base of the transistor 4, and a base current flows to the transistor 4. Thus, the ~ ~i8;~:07 transistor 4 is turned on, and the collector current ic flows to the primary winding 3. A voltage generated in the feedback winding 5 by the magnetomotive force of the primary winding 3 due to the collector current ic is differentiated by the resistor 7 and the capacitor 8 to become a base current of the differentiated waveform and hence a forward base current iB of the transistor 4, and the transistor 4 is therefore quickly saturated. Since the voltage is applied reversely to the diode 13 for rectifying an output as a load of the transistor 4 in this state, no current flows, the collector current ic becomes a value defined by the inductance of the primary winding 3, and does not increase any more with respect to the base current iB when the collector current becomes ic = hfe-iB, where hfe denotes the current amplification factor of the transistor 4. Thus, since the magnetic flux ln the corP of the transformer 2 becomes constant, the voltages of the respective windings are cancelled, and the transistor 4 is rapidly shifted to an off state. When the transistor 4 becomes the off state, a voltage of reverse polarity to the on state of the transistor 4 is generated in the windings as a vibrating voltage by the magnetic energy stored in the transformer 2 during the current flow. Therefore, a voltage of the direction for turning on the diode 13 is outputted to the secondary winding 12 at this time to ~ Z~ 7 charge the capacitor 14 and to supply a power to the load 15. Here, a voltage of reverse direction between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 is similarly generated in the feedback winding 6 to charge the capacitor 8 through the resistor 7 so that the electrode side connected to the base of the transistor 4 becomes positive. Here, since a variation in the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 2 becomes constant when the magnetic energy stored during the on period is discharged to all the loads of the windings, the voltages of the windings of the transformer 2 tend to be cancelled. Here, the base current i3 flows as a forward base current from the capacitor 8 to the transistor 4 in response to the variation in the voltage, and the transistor 4 again becomes on state.
Thus, the transistor 4 alternatively repeats the on state and the off state to repeat the switching of the transistor 4, thereby continuing a self-excited oscillation.
Then, a mechanism for controlling the voltage in Fig.
1 will be described. As described above, the feedback winding 6 generates a voltage in the direction for turning on the diode 9 during the off period of the transistor 4 to charge the capacitor 10. Thus, it is considered that the voltage across the capacitor 10 is substantially proportional to an outpllt voltage Vo and an input voltage Vin. Therefore, the sum of the charging voltage of the capacitor 10 and the induced voltage of the feedback winding 6 is applied to the Zener diode 11 when the transistor 4 is next turned on, and a Zener current proportional to the difference between both the voltages flows thereto. Thus, a part of the current supplied from the feedback winding 6 to the base of the transistor 4 is bypassed as the Zener current to control the base current iB of the transistor 4, thereby controlling the on width of the transistor 4 to act so that the output voltage Vo becomes stable irrespective of the input voltage Vin and the load 5. The operating principle of controlling the voltage described above will be further described in more detail with an equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Since Fig. 3 is shown for the convenience of describing the voltage control, the capacitor 8 which does not relate directly to the voltage control is omitted. The base emitter junction of the transistor is represented by a linear type in the equivalent circuit in Fig. 3 if the base current iB flows forwardly in the transistor 4, and the voltage V between the base and the emitter is to be BE
represented by the following equation (1).
VBE = rBiB + VB (1) where rB denotes the operating resistance of the transistor 4, and VB denotes a junction barrier voltage. Similarly, if the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode ~6~2~7 of the Zener diode 11 becomes as high as the Zener voltage, the Zener current iz flows, and the Zener diode voltage VzD
is to be represented by the following equation (2) in a linear type.
ZD Z Z z (2) where rz denotes the operating resistance of the Zener diode 11, and Vz denotes a Zener voltage. Since the equivalent circuit ofFig.3 is shown at a timing that the transistor 4 is turned on, a feedback voltage ofVfis generated in the feedback winding 6 in the direction as shown in Fig 3. Further, the capacitor 10 is charged to the voltage produced by subtracting the voltage Vfof the feedback winding 6 by the on voltage of the diode 9 during the off period of the transistor 4 and hence a voltage Vcf.
If the on voltage of the diode 9 is extremely low to be also to be ignored, it is said that the charging voitage Vcf is substantially equal to the voltage Vfof the feedback winding 6 during the off period of the transistor 4. The capacitor 10 has a capacitive component Cf and an impedance component iCf~ A current flowing to the resistor 7 is represented by if. Here, assume that the feedback current if is branched to the base current iB and the Zener current iz to be the state of the following equation (3), iB = if - iz (3) the following equation (4) is satisfied.
6~ 7 rB x iB + VB = r~iz+Vz+ - ~iZdt-vcf+rcfiz (4) In the equation (4), - ¦izdt denotes the ripple voltage of the capacitor 10. If rB x iB is smaller than the other terms to be ignored and Cf is sufficiently large to ignore 1 ~
the term of -Jizdt, the equation (4) can be expressed by the following equation (5) VB = (rz + rcf)iz + Vz - VCf (5) Therefore, the iz is represented by the following equation (6) from the equation (5).
Vc f+VB-Vz iz = - (6) ( rZ+rcf ) If the above equation is transformed in term of the Vz, the following equation (7) is attained.
Vz = VB + VCf (rz rCf) Z
Here, when the Zener diode 11 is not turned on, iz=O.
Therefore, the equation (7) can be represented by the following equation (8).
VZD = VB + VCf (8) If the input voltage Vin is raised or the load 15 is lightened so that the charging voltage Vcf increases and the VzD in the equation (8) become equal to or smaller than Vz as below, VZD 2 Vz (9) the Zener current iz represented by the equation (6) flows.
Here, if the input voltage Vin is raised or the load 15 is lightened, the feedback voltage Vf rises and the feedback current if also increases, but since the charging voltage Vcl also increases so that the Zener current iz increases, the base current iB flowing to the transistor ~ is limited by the equation (3) to shorten the on width, thereby controlling so that the charging voltage Vcf becomes a target value Vz.
The above description is the detailed mechanism of the voltage control.
Since the prior-art R.C.C is constructed as described above, if the input voltage Vin is raised, the load 15 is lightened or the environmental temperature is lowered, there is a problem that the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the output voltage Vo to become unstable. Thus, in order to stably operate the R.C.C., it is necessary to limit the input voltage Vin, to apply a dummy load to the load 15, to limit the environmental temperature or to increase the value of the output capacitor 14 so as to stabilize the output even if the oscillation becomes intermittent. Additional problems ~21~i8~:~7 to solve the problem will be further described in detail.
The indirect control of the output voltage Vo by controlling the base current iB by controlling the Zener current iz by the equation (6) if the input voltage Vin is raised or the load 15 is lightened to cause the Zener current iz to increase was described above. However, since the term of -(rz+rcf) increases as the Zener current iz increases in term of the equation (7), the Zener voltage Vz does not satisfy the equation (9) and the Zener diode ll becomes the state that does not become on. Thus, the base current iB becomes extreme~y larger than the target value to cause the excessive current to flow, so that the on period of the transistor 4 becomes extremely longer than the target value, with the result that the output voltage Vo largely increases. Therefore, since the Vf increases, the Vcf also increases, the Vcf resultantly decreases, the state that the base current iB does not flow is continued until the Vz of the equation (7) satisfies the equation (9), the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the transistor 4 to intermittently oscillate. The stability of the output voltage Vo is largely lost due to the intermittent oscillation.
If the environmental temperature varies, the values of rcfr rz and iB alters, and the intermittent oscillation tends to feasibly occur.
~ ~6132~
.
Further, the capacity Cf of the capacitor 10 increased to ignore the influence in the equation (4) must be increased in the actual circuit to cause the space and the cost of the R.C.C.
to become disadvantageous.
S
This invention has been made to eliminate the above-described drawbacks of the prior-art R.C.C. and provides an R.C.C. which largely widens varying ranges to load, input voltage and temperature that the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent and the output voltage becomes unstable to improve the characteristics and which does not need to apply a dummy load nor to increase the value of the output capacitor 14.
In the R.C.C. of this invention, a first current out-putted from a feedback winding of a transformer is branched to asecond current flowing to a branch circuit for varying an impedance in response directly or indirectly to the voltage of a primary winding, the feedback winding or a secondary winding when a transistor is off, the base of the transistor is controlled by the remaining current to control an output voltage, and an impedance element is inserted through the base and emitter ~unc-tion of the transistor in parallel with the branch circuit.
The R.C.C. of the invention inserts the impedance ele-ment in series with the base and the emitter junction to therebyincrease the varying ranges to the load, the input voltage and the temperature for turning on a Zener diode to act to remarkably increase the varying range which does not cause the oscillation to become intermittent.
Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having primary winding, a feedback winding, a secondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said secondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and connected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including an impedance element connected in series between said transistor and said branch circuit for Ereventing said transistor intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output. Suitably said second capacitor of said branch circuit has a frequency-response impedance value at a low temperature several times higher than that at an ambient temperature. Desirably the Zener diode of said branch circuit provides a voltage several times higher than a voltage variation of said DC power output.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a trans-former having a primary winding, a feedback winding, and a sec-ondary wind~ng; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an inpu~ DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the case of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element con-nected across the base and emitter of said transistor for pre-venting said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a trans-former having a primary winding, a feedback winding, and a sec-ondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter andconnected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a zener diode connec-ted in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element in parallel with the branch circuit for preventing said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power 1 o output .
- lla -~6~ 7 Now, an e~lbodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In Fig. 4, numeral 1 denotes a d.c. power source, numeral 2 denotes a transformer, the starting end of a primary winding 3 of the transformer 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the d.c. pow~er source 2, and the finishing end of the primary windi:ng 3 is connected to the collector of a transistor 4. The ~emitter of the transistor 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the d.c. power source 1. Numeral 5 denotes a starting resistor connected at one end thereof to the positive electrode of the d.c.
power source 1, and connected at the other end thereof through a resistor 16 to the base of the transistor 4.
Numeral 6 denotes a feedback winding of the transformer 2, the starting end of the feedback winding 6 is connected through a series circuit of a resistor 7, a capacitor 8 and the resistor 16 to the base of the transistor 4, and the finishing end of the feedback winding 6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 4. Numeral 9 denotes a diode, the cathode side of the diode 9 is connected to the starting end of the feedback winding 6, and the anode side of the winding 6 is connected to the negative electrode of a capacitor 10. The positive electrode of the capacitor 10 is connected to the finishing end of the feedback winding 6. Numeral 11 denotes a Zener diode, the cathode side of i82~7 the diode 11 is connected to the connecting point a of the resistor 5, the resistor 16 and the capacitor 8, and the anode side of the diode 11 is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor 10. Numeral 12 denotes a secondary winding of the transformer 2, the starting end of the secondary winding 12 is connected to the negative electrode of a capacitor 14, and the finishing end of the secondary widing 12 is connected to the anode side of a diode 13.- The cathode side of the diode 13 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor 14. Numeral 15 denotes a load, which is connected to b~th ends of the capacitor 14.
Since the operation of the R.C.C. constructed as described above to its oscillation is the same as that of the prior-art example shown in Fig. 1, the description thereof will be omitted, and a voltage control of the portion deeply related to an intermittent oscillation will be described in detail.
When an equivalent circuit of the voltage controller of Fig. 4 is drawn, Fig. 5 is attained. When an equation corresponding to the equation (4) is calculated in the same manner as the prior-art example from Fig. 5, the following equation (10) is attained.
1 ~
(r +RBl)iB+vB=rziz+vz+ - )izdt VCf Cf z ~6~ 7 When the same assumption as that of the prior-art example is preparedr the equation (10) can be represented by the following equation (11).
VZ=RsliB+v~+vcf (rz Cf) Z (11) Therefore, since the term of ~ 1xiB increases by inserting the resistor 16 to the base and the emitter junction of the transistor 4 even if an input voltage Vin rises or the load 15 increases to cause the Zener current iz to increase, the off range of the Zener diode ll is widened, and even if the Zener current iz increases in the amount of RB1xiB as compared wi-th the equation (7) of the prior-art example, the equation (9) is satisfied. Therefore, the ranges to the load and the input voltage that does not cause the oscillation to become intermittent are remarkably improved.
Since the term of RB1xiB is provided in the equation, the range to the environmental temperature is also remarkably improved.
In the embodiment described above, the resistor 16 has been inserted between the base of the transistor 4 and the connecting point a. However, the same advantages can be also provided even if the resistor 16 is inserted between the emitter side of the transistor 4 and a connecting point b as shown, for example, in Fig. 6.
In the embodiment described above, the resistor 16 has been used as a circuit element for generating a voltage when the current flows. However, the same advantages can be also provided even if the junction of a diode, a Zener diode or a transistor, or the combination thereof is, for example, inserted so that the direction for generating a voltage is forward to the direction of the junction between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4, and a reverse current bypassing diode is connected directly or indirectly.
In the embodiment described above, the base current of the transistor 4 for controlling the output voltage has been controlled by the Zener diode 11. However, any circuit of circuit elements or its combination may be used if the circuit can vary the impedance in response directly or indirectly to the voltage of the primary winding 3, the feedback winding 6 and the secondary winding 12 when the transistor is off, and its example will be, for example, shown in Fig. 7.
In the embodiment described above, the Zener diode 11 and the capacitor 11 are connected merely in series.
~owever, the same advantages can be also provided if the present invention is applied to a circuit if the circuit is provided to shorten the oscillation stopping period of the intermittent oscillation by connecting the capacitor 10 and a resistor in parallel.
According to the present invention as described above, the impedance element is inserted in series with the base and the emitter junction of the transistor for controlling the output voltage of the R.C.C. Therefore, the allowable varying ranges to the load, the input voltage and the temperature which do not cause the oscillation to become intermittent can be largely widened, thereby improving the control characteristic, decreasing the capacity of the capacitor which was increased heretofore to eliminate an lntermittent oscillation and improving the space and the cost. Since the dummy load heretofore mounted to eliminate the intermittent oscillation can be obviated, the space, the cost and the heat generation can be improved. Further, the output capacitor can be set to the optimum capacity to similarly improve the space, the cost and the heat.
The temperature characteristic of the capacitor 10 will be described. Fig. 8 shows frequency-impedance characteristic of the capacitor 10 of the R.C.C. In Fig.
8, a solid line illustrates the impedance at the environmental temperature tambient temperature) of 20C, and a broken line illustrates the impedance at the environmental temperature (low temperature) of -20C.
Since the R.C.C. is usually used in a frequency range of 10 to 100 kHz, it is understood from Fig. 8 that the impedance v~riations at the ambient temperature becomes approx. 10 times as high as those at the low temperature. Since the ~6~0~
rcf increases at the low temperature in term of the equation (7), the Zener voltage Vz does not satisfy the equation (9~ according to the load and/or input voltage conditions to become the state that the diode 11 is not turned on. Thus, since the base current iB becomes extremely larger than the target value to cause an excessive current to flow to the transistor 4, the on period of the transistor 4 becomes extremely longer than the target value to cause the output voltage Vo to largely increase. Therefore, since the feedback voltage Vf increases, the charging voltage Vcf also increases, the charging voltage Vcf resultantly decreases, the state that the base current iB does not flow continues until the Zener voltage Vz of the equation (7) again satisfies the equation t9~, and the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the transistor 4 to become intermittent. The stability of the output voltage Vo is largely lost due to the intermittent oscillation.
Therefore, the capacitor 10 has characteristics that the value of the capacity thereof in the switching frequency of the transistor 4 becomes several times as small as the value at the ambient temperature, i.e., the characteristics as shown in Fig. 9. Thus, the variations in the impedances at both the ambient and low temperatures become several times or less. Therefore, since the variation in the impedance rcf is small, the influence o~
the term of the rcf in the equation (7) decreases to satisfy the equation (9) at the low temperature, and the temperature of the intermittent oscillation becomes remarkably lower than that of the prior-art example, thereby improving the usable temperature range.
Then, the Zener diode ll of the R.C.C. will be described. The fact that, if the input voltage Vin is now raised or the load 15 is lightened to cause the Zener voltage iz to increase, the Zener current iz is controlled, the base current iB is controlled and the output voltage Vo is indirectly controlled according to the equation (6) is as described above. Since the Zener diode 11 is heretofore decided according to the allowable loss, the Zener diode having the allowable loss as high as the loss usually generated by observing the margin was used. Thus, since the operating resistor Rz in the equation (7) affects larger influence than the other terms and the term of -(rz+rcf)iz increases as the Zener current iz increases, the Zener voltage Vz does not satisfy the equation (9) so that the Zener diode ll becomes the state that does not become on. Therefore, since the base current iB becomes extremely larger than the target value to cause the large current to flow, the on period of the transistor becomes extremely longer than the target value, thereby largely ~2~ 7 increasing the output voltage Vo. Accordingly, since the feedback voltage Vf increases, the charging voltage Vcf increases, the charging voltage Vcf resultantly decreases, the state that the base current iB does not flow until the Zener voltage Vz of the equation (7) again satisfies the equation (9) continues so that the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the transistor to become intermittent. The stability of the output voltage Vo is largely lost due to the intermittent oscillation.
If the environmental temperature varies, the impedance component rcf of the capacitor 10, the operating resistance rz of the Zener diode 11 and the operating resistance rB f the transistor vary, and it becomes the state that the intermittent oscillation feasibly occurs.
The capacitor Cf of the capacitor 10 which is increased to ignore the influence in the equation (4) must be increased in the actual circuit so that the space and the cost become disadvantageous. Therefore, the Zener diode 11 has the allowable loss several times as high as the loss generated therein. Thus, the operating resistance of the Zener diode is lower than the prior-art example, and the influence of the voltage drop due to the Zener current flowing to the branch circuit when the base current flows can be suppressed to low, thereby largely widening the ~6~ 7 varying ranges to the load, the input voltage and the temperature which causes the oscillation to become intermittent to improve the characteristics.
Then, the voltage VcE between the collector and the emitter of the transistor 4 will be described. A reverse voltage is generated, as shown in Fig. 1, between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 when the transistor 4 is turned off, but the voltage of the feedback winding 6 moves in the direction for eliminating the voltage when the variation in the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 2 becomes constant as described with respect to Fig. 1. Thus, the voltage of the feedback winding 6 decreases, and the voltage VBE between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 becomes positive. Therefore, the transistor 4 tends to turn on at this time, but since the base current iB is less, the transistor 4 cannot be sufficiently saturated. Thus, the VcE waveform is deformed as shown by a broken line in Fig. 2. Since the collector current ic also flows to the transistor 4, a loss is generated to cause the transistor 4 to be largely heated.
Therefore, it becomes necessary to increase a cooling fin or to select the transistor 4 of large margin, thereby increasing the cost. Thus, as shown in Fig. 10, a constant-voltage element of a constant-voltage diode 19 is connected to the transistor 4. In other words, the constant-voltage diode 19 is connected at the cathode side thereof to the emitter of the transistor 4, and connected at the anode side thereof to the base of the transistor 4.
In the R.C.C. constructed as descrlbed above, the operation to the oscillation is the same as that of the prior-art example shown in Fig. l, and the description thereof wi].l be accordingly omitted. The elimination of the distortion of the waveform of the collector voltage VcE
will be described in detail. A voltage of deeply negative direction is applied between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 by the operation of the constant-voltage diode 19 in term of the off period of the transistor 4.
Therefore, when the variation in the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 2 becomes constant, the feedback winding voltage starts decreasing, but since the base and the emitter voltage does not become positive until the base current iB becomes the sufficient value for saturating the transistor 4, the transistor 4 is not turned on, thereby eliminating the distortion of the VcE waveform like the prior-art example to obviate the loss due to the distortion.
In the embodiment described with respect to Fig. 10, the constant-voltage diode 19 has been connected between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 to deepen the voltage between the base and the emitter to the negative ~6~
side in the state that the transistor 4 was off. However~
the constant-voltage diode 19 may be any if it is constant-voltage element, and the constant-voltage diode 19 may be connected in series with a diode 20 as shown in Fig.
11 .
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a prior-art ringing type DC/DC converter;
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram showing the waveforms of respective points when the circuit in Fig. 1 operates;
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage control section of the circuit in Fig. l;
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an R.C.C. according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage control section of the circuit in Fig. ~;
Fig.s 6 and 7 are circuit diagrams of another embodi-ments of R.C.C. of the invention;
Fig.s 8 and 9 are characteristics diagrams showing the temperature characteristics of capacitors; and Fig.s 10 and 11 are circuit diagrams showing still another embodiments of R.C.C. using constant-voltage elements.
In the drawings, the same symbols lndicate the same or corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit illustrating a prior-art ringing ~8~7 -choke type DC/DC converter (hereinbelow referred to as an "R.C.C.") disclosed, for example, in Fig. 6 on page 214 of TRAN-SISTOR TECHNIQUE, issued in September, 1977 (by CQ Publication Co., ~apan). In the drawing, numeral 1 denotes a d.c. power source, numeral 2 denotes a transformer, the starting end of a primary winding 3 of the transformer 2 is connected to the posi-tive electrode of the d.c. power source 2., and the finishing end of the primary winding 3 is connected to the collector of a tran-sistor 4. The emitter of the transistor 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the d.c. power source 1. Numeral 5 denotes a starting resistor connected between the positive electrode of the d.c. power source 1 and the base of the transistor 4, numeral ~ denotes a feedback winding of the transformer 2, the starting end of the feedback winding 6 is connected through a series cir-cuit of a resistor 7 and capacitor 8 to the base of the transis-tor 4, and the finishing end of the feedback winding 6 is con-nected to the emitter of the - la -~ 26~
transistor 4. Numeral 9 denotes a diode, the cathode side of the diode 9 is connected to the starting end of the feedback winding 6, and the anode side of the windiny 6 is connected to the negative electrode of a capacitor 10. The positive electrode of the capacitor 10 is connected to the finishing end of the feedback wincling 6. Numeral 11 denotes a Zener diode, the cathode side of the diode 11 is connected to the base of the transistor 4, and the anode side of the diode ll is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor lO. Numeral 12 denotes a secondary winding of the transformer 2, numeral 13 denotes a diode, the anode side of the diode 13 is connected to the finishing end of the secondary winding 12, and the cathode side of the diode 13 is connected to the positive electrode of a capacitor 14. The negative electrode of the capacitor 14 is connected to the starting end of the secondary winding 12. Numeral 15 denotes a load, which is connected to both ends of the capacitor 14.
The operation of the R.C.C which self-excited oscillates will be described with reference to the waveforms of respective points at operating time in Fig. 2.
When a power switch, not shown, is now turned on, a voltage Vin of the d.c. power source is applied through the starting resistor 5 to the base of the transistor 4, and a base current flows to the transistor 4. Thus, the ~ ~i8;~:07 transistor 4 is turned on, and the collector current ic flows to the primary winding 3. A voltage generated in the feedback winding 5 by the magnetomotive force of the primary winding 3 due to the collector current ic is differentiated by the resistor 7 and the capacitor 8 to become a base current of the differentiated waveform and hence a forward base current iB of the transistor 4, and the transistor 4 is therefore quickly saturated. Since the voltage is applied reversely to the diode 13 for rectifying an output as a load of the transistor 4 in this state, no current flows, the collector current ic becomes a value defined by the inductance of the primary winding 3, and does not increase any more with respect to the base current iB when the collector current becomes ic = hfe-iB, where hfe denotes the current amplification factor of the transistor 4. Thus, since the magnetic flux ln the corP of the transformer 2 becomes constant, the voltages of the respective windings are cancelled, and the transistor 4 is rapidly shifted to an off state. When the transistor 4 becomes the off state, a voltage of reverse polarity to the on state of the transistor 4 is generated in the windings as a vibrating voltage by the magnetic energy stored in the transformer 2 during the current flow. Therefore, a voltage of the direction for turning on the diode 13 is outputted to the secondary winding 12 at this time to ~ Z~ 7 charge the capacitor 14 and to supply a power to the load 15. Here, a voltage of reverse direction between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 is similarly generated in the feedback winding 6 to charge the capacitor 8 through the resistor 7 so that the electrode side connected to the base of the transistor 4 becomes positive. Here, since a variation in the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 2 becomes constant when the magnetic energy stored during the on period is discharged to all the loads of the windings, the voltages of the windings of the transformer 2 tend to be cancelled. Here, the base current i3 flows as a forward base current from the capacitor 8 to the transistor 4 in response to the variation in the voltage, and the transistor 4 again becomes on state.
Thus, the transistor 4 alternatively repeats the on state and the off state to repeat the switching of the transistor 4, thereby continuing a self-excited oscillation.
Then, a mechanism for controlling the voltage in Fig.
1 will be described. As described above, the feedback winding 6 generates a voltage in the direction for turning on the diode 9 during the off period of the transistor 4 to charge the capacitor 10. Thus, it is considered that the voltage across the capacitor 10 is substantially proportional to an outpllt voltage Vo and an input voltage Vin. Therefore, the sum of the charging voltage of the capacitor 10 and the induced voltage of the feedback winding 6 is applied to the Zener diode 11 when the transistor 4 is next turned on, and a Zener current proportional to the difference between both the voltages flows thereto. Thus, a part of the current supplied from the feedback winding 6 to the base of the transistor 4 is bypassed as the Zener current to control the base current iB of the transistor 4, thereby controlling the on width of the transistor 4 to act so that the output voltage Vo becomes stable irrespective of the input voltage Vin and the load 5. The operating principle of controlling the voltage described above will be further described in more detail with an equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Since Fig. 3 is shown for the convenience of describing the voltage control, the capacitor 8 which does not relate directly to the voltage control is omitted. The base emitter junction of the transistor is represented by a linear type in the equivalent circuit in Fig. 3 if the base current iB flows forwardly in the transistor 4, and the voltage V between the base and the emitter is to be BE
represented by the following equation (1).
VBE = rBiB + VB (1) where rB denotes the operating resistance of the transistor 4, and VB denotes a junction barrier voltage. Similarly, if the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode ~6~2~7 of the Zener diode 11 becomes as high as the Zener voltage, the Zener current iz flows, and the Zener diode voltage VzD
is to be represented by the following equation (2) in a linear type.
ZD Z Z z (2) where rz denotes the operating resistance of the Zener diode 11, and Vz denotes a Zener voltage. Since the equivalent circuit ofFig.3 is shown at a timing that the transistor 4 is turned on, a feedback voltage ofVfis generated in the feedback winding 6 in the direction as shown in Fig 3. Further, the capacitor 10 is charged to the voltage produced by subtracting the voltage Vfof the feedback winding 6 by the on voltage of the diode 9 during the off period of the transistor 4 and hence a voltage Vcf.
If the on voltage of the diode 9 is extremely low to be also to be ignored, it is said that the charging voitage Vcf is substantially equal to the voltage Vfof the feedback winding 6 during the off period of the transistor 4. The capacitor 10 has a capacitive component Cf and an impedance component iCf~ A current flowing to the resistor 7 is represented by if. Here, assume that the feedback current if is branched to the base current iB and the Zener current iz to be the state of the following equation (3), iB = if - iz (3) the following equation (4) is satisfied.
6~ 7 rB x iB + VB = r~iz+Vz+ - ~iZdt-vcf+rcfiz (4) In the equation (4), - ¦izdt denotes the ripple voltage of the capacitor 10. If rB x iB is smaller than the other terms to be ignored and Cf is sufficiently large to ignore 1 ~
the term of -Jizdt, the equation (4) can be expressed by the following equation (5) VB = (rz + rcf)iz + Vz - VCf (5) Therefore, the iz is represented by the following equation (6) from the equation (5).
Vc f+VB-Vz iz = - (6) ( rZ+rcf ) If the above equation is transformed in term of the Vz, the following equation (7) is attained.
Vz = VB + VCf (rz rCf) Z
Here, when the Zener diode 11 is not turned on, iz=O.
Therefore, the equation (7) can be represented by the following equation (8).
VZD = VB + VCf (8) If the input voltage Vin is raised or the load 15 is lightened so that the charging voltage Vcf increases and the VzD in the equation (8) become equal to or smaller than Vz as below, VZD 2 Vz (9) the Zener current iz represented by the equation (6) flows.
Here, if the input voltage Vin is raised or the load 15 is lightened, the feedback voltage Vf rises and the feedback current if also increases, but since the charging voltage Vcl also increases so that the Zener current iz increases, the base current iB flowing to the transistor ~ is limited by the equation (3) to shorten the on width, thereby controlling so that the charging voltage Vcf becomes a target value Vz.
The above description is the detailed mechanism of the voltage control.
Since the prior-art R.C.C is constructed as described above, if the input voltage Vin is raised, the load 15 is lightened or the environmental temperature is lowered, there is a problem that the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the output voltage Vo to become unstable. Thus, in order to stably operate the R.C.C., it is necessary to limit the input voltage Vin, to apply a dummy load to the load 15, to limit the environmental temperature or to increase the value of the output capacitor 14 so as to stabilize the output even if the oscillation becomes intermittent. Additional problems ~21~i8~:~7 to solve the problem will be further described in detail.
The indirect control of the output voltage Vo by controlling the base current iB by controlling the Zener current iz by the equation (6) if the input voltage Vin is raised or the load 15 is lightened to cause the Zener current iz to increase was described above. However, since the term of -(rz+rcf) increases as the Zener current iz increases in term of the equation (7), the Zener voltage Vz does not satisfy the equation (9) and the Zener diode ll becomes the state that does not become on. Thus, the base current iB becomes extreme~y larger than the target value to cause the excessive current to flow, so that the on period of the transistor 4 becomes extremely longer than the target value, with the result that the output voltage Vo largely increases. Therefore, since the Vf increases, the Vcf also increases, the Vcf resultantly decreases, the state that the base current iB does not flow is continued until the Vz of the equation (7) satisfies the equation (9), the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the transistor 4 to intermittently oscillate. The stability of the output voltage Vo is largely lost due to the intermittent oscillation.
If the environmental temperature varies, the values of rcfr rz and iB alters, and the intermittent oscillation tends to feasibly occur.
~ ~6132~
.
Further, the capacity Cf of the capacitor 10 increased to ignore the influence in the equation (4) must be increased in the actual circuit to cause the space and the cost of the R.C.C.
to become disadvantageous.
S
This invention has been made to eliminate the above-described drawbacks of the prior-art R.C.C. and provides an R.C.C. which largely widens varying ranges to load, input voltage and temperature that the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent and the output voltage becomes unstable to improve the characteristics and which does not need to apply a dummy load nor to increase the value of the output capacitor 14.
In the R.C.C. of this invention, a first current out-putted from a feedback winding of a transformer is branched to asecond current flowing to a branch circuit for varying an impedance in response directly or indirectly to the voltage of a primary winding, the feedback winding or a secondary winding when a transistor is off, the base of the transistor is controlled by the remaining current to control an output voltage, and an impedance element is inserted through the base and emitter ~unc-tion of the transistor in parallel with the branch circuit.
The R.C.C. of the invention inserts the impedance ele-ment in series with the base and the emitter junction to therebyincrease the varying ranges to the load, the input voltage and the temperature for turning on a Zener diode to act to remarkably increase the varying range which does not cause the oscillation to become intermittent.
Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having primary winding, a feedback winding, a secondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said secondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and connected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including an impedance element connected in series between said transistor and said branch circuit for Ereventing said transistor intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output. Suitably said second capacitor of said branch circuit has a frequency-response impedance value at a low temperature several times higher than that at an ambient temperature. Desirably the Zener diode of said branch circuit provides a voltage several times higher than a voltage variation of said DC power output.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a trans-former having a primary winding, a feedback winding, and a sec-ondary wind~ng; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an inpu~ DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the case of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element con-nected across the base and emitter of said transistor for pre-venting said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a trans-former having a primary winding, a feedback winding, and a sec-ondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter andconnected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a zener diode connec-ted in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element in parallel with the branch circuit for preventing said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power 1 o output .
- lla -~6~ 7 Now, an e~lbodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In Fig. 4, numeral 1 denotes a d.c. power source, numeral 2 denotes a transformer, the starting end of a primary winding 3 of the transformer 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the d.c. pow~er source 2, and the finishing end of the primary windi:ng 3 is connected to the collector of a transistor 4. The ~emitter of the transistor 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the d.c. power source 1. Numeral 5 denotes a starting resistor connected at one end thereof to the positive electrode of the d.c.
power source 1, and connected at the other end thereof through a resistor 16 to the base of the transistor 4.
Numeral 6 denotes a feedback winding of the transformer 2, the starting end of the feedback winding 6 is connected through a series circuit of a resistor 7, a capacitor 8 and the resistor 16 to the base of the transistor 4, and the finishing end of the feedback winding 6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 4. Numeral 9 denotes a diode, the cathode side of the diode 9 is connected to the starting end of the feedback winding 6, and the anode side of the winding 6 is connected to the negative electrode of a capacitor 10. The positive electrode of the capacitor 10 is connected to the finishing end of the feedback winding 6. Numeral 11 denotes a Zener diode, the cathode side of i82~7 the diode 11 is connected to the connecting point a of the resistor 5, the resistor 16 and the capacitor 8, and the anode side of the diode 11 is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor 10. Numeral 12 denotes a secondary winding of the transformer 2, the starting end of the secondary winding 12 is connected to the negative electrode of a capacitor 14, and the finishing end of the secondary widing 12 is connected to the anode side of a diode 13.- The cathode side of the diode 13 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor 14. Numeral 15 denotes a load, which is connected to b~th ends of the capacitor 14.
Since the operation of the R.C.C. constructed as described above to its oscillation is the same as that of the prior-art example shown in Fig. 1, the description thereof will be omitted, and a voltage control of the portion deeply related to an intermittent oscillation will be described in detail.
When an equivalent circuit of the voltage controller of Fig. 4 is drawn, Fig. 5 is attained. When an equation corresponding to the equation (4) is calculated in the same manner as the prior-art example from Fig. 5, the following equation (10) is attained.
1 ~
(r +RBl)iB+vB=rziz+vz+ - )izdt VCf Cf z ~6~ 7 When the same assumption as that of the prior-art example is preparedr the equation (10) can be represented by the following equation (11).
VZ=RsliB+v~+vcf (rz Cf) Z (11) Therefore, since the term of ~ 1xiB increases by inserting the resistor 16 to the base and the emitter junction of the transistor 4 even if an input voltage Vin rises or the load 15 increases to cause the Zener current iz to increase, the off range of the Zener diode ll is widened, and even if the Zener current iz increases in the amount of RB1xiB as compared wi-th the equation (7) of the prior-art example, the equation (9) is satisfied. Therefore, the ranges to the load and the input voltage that does not cause the oscillation to become intermittent are remarkably improved.
Since the term of RB1xiB is provided in the equation, the range to the environmental temperature is also remarkably improved.
In the embodiment described above, the resistor 16 has been inserted between the base of the transistor 4 and the connecting point a. However, the same advantages can be also provided even if the resistor 16 is inserted between the emitter side of the transistor 4 and a connecting point b as shown, for example, in Fig. 6.
In the embodiment described above, the resistor 16 has been used as a circuit element for generating a voltage when the current flows. However, the same advantages can be also provided even if the junction of a diode, a Zener diode or a transistor, or the combination thereof is, for example, inserted so that the direction for generating a voltage is forward to the direction of the junction between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4, and a reverse current bypassing diode is connected directly or indirectly.
In the embodiment described above, the base current of the transistor 4 for controlling the output voltage has been controlled by the Zener diode 11. However, any circuit of circuit elements or its combination may be used if the circuit can vary the impedance in response directly or indirectly to the voltage of the primary winding 3, the feedback winding 6 and the secondary winding 12 when the transistor is off, and its example will be, for example, shown in Fig. 7.
In the embodiment described above, the Zener diode 11 and the capacitor 11 are connected merely in series.
~owever, the same advantages can be also provided if the present invention is applied to a circuit if the circuit is provided to shorten the oscillation stopping period of the intermittent oscillation by connecting the capacitor 10 and a resistor in parallel.
According to the present invention as described above, the impedance element is inserted in series with the base and the emitter junction of the transistor for controlling the output voltage of the R.C.C. Therefore, the allowable varying ranges to the load, the input voltage and the temperature which do not cause the oscillation to become intermittent can be largely widened, thereby improving the control characteristic, decreasing the capacity of the capacitor which was increased heretofore to eliminate an lntermittent oscillation and improving the space and the cost. Since the dummy load heretofore mounted to eliminate the intermittent oscillation can be obviated, the space, the cost and the heat generation can be improved. Further, the output capacitor can be set to the optimum capacity to similarly improve the space, the cost and the heat.
The temperature characteristic of the capacitor 10 will be described. Fig. 8 shows frequency-impedance characteristic of the capacitor 10 of the R.C.C. In Fig.
8, a solid line illustrates the impedance at the environmental temperature tambient temperature) of 20C, and a broken line illustrates the impedance at the environmental temperature (low temperature) of -20C.
Since the R.C.C. is usually used in a frequency range of 10 to 100 kHz, it is understood from Fig. 8 that the impedance v~riations at the ambient temperature becomes approx. 10 times as high as those at the low temperature. Since the ~6~0~
rcf increases at the low temperature in term of the equation (7), the Zener voltage Vz does not satisfy the equation (9~ according to the load and/or input voltage conditions to become the state that the diode 11 is not turned on. Thus, since the base current iB becomes extremely larger than the target value to cause an excessive current to flow to the transistor 4, the on period of the transistor 4 becomes extremely longer than the target value to cause the output voltage Vo to largely increase. Therefore, since the feedback voltage Vf increases, the charging voltage Vcf also increases, the charging voltage Vcf resultantly decreases, the state that the base current iB does not flow continues until the Zener voltage Vz of the equation (7) again satisfies the equation t9~, and the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the transistor 4 to become intermittent. The stability of the output voltage Vo is largely lost due to the intermittent oscillation.
Therefore, the capacitor 10 has characteristics that the value of the capacity thereof in the switching frequency of the transistor 4 becomes several times as small as the value at the ambient temperature, i.e., the characteristics as shown in Fig. 9. Thus, the variations in the impedances at both the ambient and low temperatures become several times or less. Therefore, since the variation in the impedance rcf is small, the influence o~
the term of the rcf in the equation (7) decreases to satisfy the equation (9) at the low temperature, and the temperature of the intermittent oscillation becomes remarkably lower than that of the prior-art example, thereby improving the usable temperature range.
Then, the Zener diode ll of the R.C.C. will be described. The fact that, if the input voltage Vin is now raised or the load 15 is lightened to cause the Zener voltage iz to increase, the Zener current iz is controlled, the base current iB is controlled and the output voltage Vo is indirectly controlled according to the equation (6) is as described above. Since the Zener diode 11 is heretofore decided according to the allowable loss, the Zener diode having the allowable loss as high as the loss usually generated by observing the margin was used. Thus, since the operating resistor Rz in the equation (7) affects larger influence than the other terms and the term of -(rz+rcf)iz increases as the Zener current iz increases, the Zener voltage Vz does not satisfy the equation (9) so that the Zener diode ll becomes the state that does not become on. Therefore, since the base current iB becomes extremely larger than the target value to cause the large current to flow, the on period of the transistor becomes extremely longer than the target value, thereby largely ~2~ 7 increasing the output voltage Vo. Accordingly, since the feedback voltage Vf increases, the charging voltage Vcf increases, the charging voltage Vcf resultantly decreases, the state that the base current iB does not flow until the Zener voltage Vz of the equation (7) again satisfies the equation (9) continues so that the oscillation of the transistor 4 becomes intermittent to cause the transistor to become intermittent. The stability of the output voltage Vo is largely lost due to the intermittent oscillation.
If the environmental temperature varies, the impedance component rcf of the capacitor 10, the operating resistance rz of the Zener diode 11 and the operating resistance rB f the transistor vary, and it becomes the state that the intermittent oscillation feasibly occurs.
The capacitor Cf of the capacitor 10 which is increased to ignore the influence in the equation (4) must be increased in the actual circuit so that the space and the cost become disadvantageous. Therefore, the Zener diode 11 has the allowable loss several times as high as the loss generated therein. Thus, the operating resistance of the Zener diode is lower than the prior-art example, and the influence of the voltage drop due to the Zener current flowing to the branch circuit when the base current flows can be suppressed to low, thereby largely widening the ~6~ 7 varying ranges to the load, the input voltage and the temperature which causes the oscillation to become intermittent to improve the characteristics.
Then, the voltage VcE between the collector and the emitter of the transistor 4 will be described. A reverse voltage is generated, as shown in Fig. 1, between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 when the transistor 4 is turned off, but the voltage of the feedback winding 6 moves in the direction for eliminating the voltage when the variation in the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 2 becomes constant as described with respect to Fig. 1. Thus, the voltage of the feedback winding 6 decreases, and the voltage VBE between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 becomes positive. Therefore, the transistor 4 tends to turn on at this time, but since the base current iB is less, the transistor 4 cannot be sufficiently saturated. Thus, the VcE waveform is deformed as shown by a broken line in Fig. 2. Since the collector current ic also flows to the transistor 4, a loss is generated to cause the transistor 4 to be largely heated.
Therefore, it becomes necessary to increase a cooling fin or to select the transistor 4 of large margin, thereby increasing the cost. Thus, as shown in Fig. 10, a constant-voltage element of a constant-voltage diode 19 is connected to the transistor 4. In other words, the constant-voltage diode 19 is connected at the cathode side thereof to the emitter of the transistor 4, and connected at the anode side thereof to the base of the transistor 4.
In the R.C.C. constructed as descrlbed above, the operation to the oscillation is the same as that of the prior-art example shown in Fig. l, and the description thereof wi].l be accordingly omitted. The elimination of the distortion of the waveform of the collector voltage VcE
will be described in detail. A voltage of deeply negative direction is applied between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 by the operation of the constant-voltage diode 19 in term of the off period of the transistor 4.
Therefore, when the variation in the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 2 becomes constant, the feedback winding voltage starts decreasing, but since the base and the emitter voltage does not become positive until the base current iB becomes the sufficient value for saturating the transistor 4, the transistor 4 is not turned on, thereby eliminating the distortion of the VcE waveform like the prior-art example to obviate the loss due to the distortion.
In the embodiment described with respect to Fig. 10, the constant-voltage diode 19 has been connected between the base and the emitter of the transistor 4 to deepen the voltage between the base and the emitter to the negative ~6~
side in the state that the transistor 4 was off. However~
the constant-voltage diode 19 may be any if it is constant-voltage element, and the constant-voltage diode 19 may be connected in series with a diode 20 as shown in Fig.
11 .
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having primary winding, a feedback winding, a sec-ondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including an impedance element connected in series between said transistor and said branch circuit for pre-venting said transistor intermittently operating, thereby stabi-lizing said DC power output.
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including an impedance element connected in series between said transistor and said branch circuit for pre-venting said transistor intermittently operating, thereby stabi-lizing said DC power output.
2. A ringing chock-type DC/DC converter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second capacitor of said branch circuit has a frequency-response impedance value at a low temperature several times higher than that at an ambient temperature.
3. A ringing chock-type DC/DC converter as set forth in claim 1, wherein the Zener diode of said branch circuit pro-vides a voltage several times higher than a voltage variation of said DC power output.
4. A ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having a primary winding, a feedback winding, and a secondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element con-nected across the base and emitter of said transistor for pre-venting said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output.
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element con-nected across the base and emitter of said transistor for pre-venting said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output.
5. A ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having a primary winding, a feedback winding, and a secondary winding; a transistor having a base and an emitter and connected between said primary winding and said feedback winding;
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element in parallel with the branch circuit for preventing said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output.
an input DC power source connected to said primary winding through said transistor; a DC power output connected to said sec-ondary winding; a base circuit having a first capacitor and con-nected between the base of said transistor and said feedback winding; a branch circuit branching from said base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and stabilizing means including a constant voltage element in parallel with the branch circuit for preventing said transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing said DC power output.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5772286A JPS62214049A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1986-03-14 | Truck type conveyor |
| JP5772186A JPS62215406A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1986-03-14 | Predetermined position detecting device for introduction and delivery device |
| JP37719/1986 | 1986-03-14 | ||
| JP37722/1986 | 1986-03-14 | ||
| JP5772086A JPS62215409A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1986-03-14 | Signal transmission mechanical between crane and cargo sorting device |
| JP5771986A JPS62215404A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1986-03-14 | Control method for introduction and delivery traveling crane |
| JP37720/1986 | 1986-03-14 | ||
| JP37721/1986 | 1986-03-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1268207A true CA1268207A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
Family
ID=27463550
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000532000A Expired - Fee Related CA1268207A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1987-03-13 | Ringing choke type dc/dc converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1268207A (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-03-13 CA CA000532000A patent/CA1268207A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6788556B2 (en) | Switching power source device | |
| US4563731A (en) | Resonant type constant voltage supply apparatus | |
| EP0188839B1 (en) | Self-oscillating power-supply circuit | |
| US6434029B1 (en) | Boost topology having an auxiliary winding on the snubber inductor | |
| US5349514A (en) | Reduced-resonant-current zero-voltage-switched forward converter using saturable inductor | |
| US6295211B1 (en) | Switching power supply unit having delay circuit for reducing switching frequency | |
| US4745535A (en) | Ringing choke type DC/DC converter | |
| US5517397A (en) | Flyback power converter with spike compensator circuit | |
| CA2148046A1 (en) | Method and circuitry for controlling current reset characteristics of a magnetic amplifier control circuit | |
| US4187458A (en) | Constant power regenerative magnetic switching regulator | |
| US4417153A (en) | High frequency switching circuit | |
| US4399376A (en) | High frequency switching circuit | |
| US4942508A (en) | Switching regulator | |
| US4383292A (en) | Single-ended switching converter | |
| US4737974A (en) | Inverter type switching power supply with transformer and short circuit arrangement therefor | |
| US6016259A (en) | Power supply circuit | |
| EP0964505B1 (en) | Self-excited DC-DC converter and a power supply device using same | |
| KR100712749B1 (en) | Dc/dc conversion circuit | |
| CA1268207A (en) | Ringing choke type dc/dc converter | |
| EP0770281B1 (en) | Power supply apparatus comprising an improved limiter circuit | |
| JPH03207266A (en) | Ringing choke converter | |
| JPH0357709B2 (en) | ||
| JP2614056B2 (en) | DC / DC converter | |
| JPH0145265Y2 (en) | ||
| KR20000013713A (en) | Variable power supply |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |