CA1266362A - Method for the production of mould parts - Google Patents
Method for the production of mould partsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1266362A CA1266362A CA000484000A CA484000A CA1266362A CA 1266362 A CA1266362 A CA 1266362A CA 000484000 A CA000484000 A CA 000484000A CA 484000 A CA484000 A CA 484000A CA 1266362 A CA1266362 A CA 1266362A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- pressure
- funnel
- supply
- shaped inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C11/00—Moulding machines characterised by the relative arrangement of the parts of same
- B22C11/10—Moulding machines characterised by the relative arrangement of the parts of same with one or more flasks forming part of the machine, from which only the sand moulds made by compacting are removed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
- B22C15/28—Compacting by different means acting simultaneously or successively, e.g. preliminary blowing and finally pressing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method is disclosed for the production of mould parts by an automatic mould part producing apparatus which comprises a mould chamber having pressure plates moveable towards one another and mould plates fastened to the pressure plates and a container for holding a supply of mould material. The container is disposed above the mould chamber and communicates therewith via a funnel-shaped inlet wherein a pressurized gas is introduced into the container above the supply of material for inserting the material via the funnel-shaped inlet into the mould chamber. Further pressurized gas is used to fluidise the material in the throat region of the funnel-shaped inlet and the method is characterized by the further steps of continuously adjusting the pressure of the pressurized gas above the supply of material in dependence on the form of the mould part being produced and of continuously and independently adjusting the pressure of the gas used to fluidise the material in the throat region of the funnel-shaped inlet in dependence on the form of the mould part being produced.
A method is disclosed for the production of mould parts by an automatic mould part producing apparatus which comprises a mould chamber having pressure plates moveable towards one another and mould plates fastened to the pressure plates and a container for holding a supply of mould material. The container is disposed above the mould chamber and communicates therewith via a funnel-shaped inlet wherein a pressurized gas is introduced into the container above the supply of material for inserting the material via the funnel-shaped inlet into the mould chamber. Further pressurized gas is used to fluidise the material in the throat region of the funnel-shaped inlet and the method is characterized by the further steps of continuously adjusting the pressure of the pressurized gas above the supply of material in dependence on the form of the mould part being produced and of continuously and independently adjusting the pressure of the gas used to fluidise the material in the throat region of the funnel-shaped inlet in dependence on the form of the mould part being produced.
Description
3~2 A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOULD PARTS
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a method of producing mould parts by means of an automatic rnould part producing apparatus of 5 the type comprising a mould chamber having pressure plates movable towards each other, to which plates mould plates are fastened, and in which the mould chamber can receive mould material through a mainly funnel-shaped inlet from a supply above said inlet, said material supplied by pres-lO sure.
BACKGROUND ART
When using the known methods of producing mould parts, it has been a problem for a long time both to achieve the high degree of compression of the mould material in the en-tire 15 mould part, which is necessary~for the stability of the ;mould, and to have a sufficiently high production speed.
Particularly in case of complicated mould parts with pro-jecting ribs and the like~ turbulent flows are generated in certain parts of the mould cavity, if the mould material is ;~ 20 introduced under a high pressure. The turbulent flows give rise to uneven filling and consequently uneven density in the mould part. When introducing~the mould material under a relatively low pressure, the cycle time will increase unac-ceptably, and sufficient density cannot be achieved every-25 where in the mould part.
:: :
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.: . . ~ -: , . ., ~ , ~ ... ,: ,-: . :, ~, ", ... .. ..
... : : ....
~2~;Ei36;2 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to show a method of pro-ducing mould parts, whereby,using a low cycle time, mould parts with a stable high density are obtained.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which is characteristic in a) that a pressure is injected insicle the supply in the funnel-shaped inlet for initiating the filling and fluidization of the mould material, b) that a pressure is established above the supply for insertion of mould material through the inlet, and c) that the fluidi.zation pressure and the insertion pressure are controlled independently.
It is possible to obtain a low cycle time by this combina-tion because of the introduction of the pressure in the funnel-inlet itself, as this allows operation with a re-latively high filling pressure from the beginning ~ith no danger of forming bridges in the funnel. Fluidization of the funnel area ensures a laminar flow during the last part of the filling, as a low friction is provided between the components of the mould material. The independent con-trol of the fluidization pressure and the filling pressure offers the possibility of adjusting the degree of pressures which have proven through tests to be the most optimal ones when producing mould parts of a given form.
In case of the hitherto known apparatus, both the insertion pressure and the fluidization pressure have been controlled ; 30 independent of the momentary pressure values above the sup-ply and within the funnel-shaped inlet. Whereas no at-tempts have been made to procure a continuous adjustment , .. :
.: .. ,.: ~: ., ' :
, ~2~E;362 of dependence of the realized values in the relevant areas and therefore, there has been no possibility of making the pressure development dependent on the exact form of the mould parts produced.
In a possible embodiment of the process according to the invention, the mould chamber can be connected to a vaccum source at certain points at the "shadow areas".
In this way the following is achieved, partly a reduction of the cycle time and partly a better filling of the critical "shadow areas" in the mould cavity, i.e. areas behind the projecting ribs and the like.
In German published specification No. 1.941.736 a method is described according to which the mould chamber is subjected to a vacuum during the insertion of sand, but the vacuum is provided solely to increase the effective pressure difference between the mould cavity and the space above the .supply by connecting the mould cavity with the vacuum source through a relatively wide slot in the bottom of the mould chamber.In the German published specification there is no description of providing vacuum through apertures spaced in the surface of the mould chamber.
By engaging a pressure source instead of the vacuum source when stripping,as suggested according to the invention, effective cleaning is ensured of the filters or nozzles through which the vacuum is produced at the passage apertures, and the same passage apertures and supply lines for inserting vacuum and pressure to the mould chamber can be used. Furthermore, the pressure injection appropriate for the stripping is particularly favourable as regards the aforementioned critical "shadow areas".
.
, .. , ., , ~..... . .
., ,, ~
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:~ ::, , : : . :~:
. ~ . ,,, : , ... -:.. , . . :
~2$63G2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR~WING
In the following the invention will be ~urther explained with reference made to the drawing, the only figure of which shows schematically an apparatus for use when exerting the method.
DESCRIPTION OF ~HE PREFERRED ~MBODI~ENT
In the apparatus shown on the drawing, a container 1 is used for storage of the mould sand 2, which~ as the name indicates, normally is sand, but it is possible also to use other suitable mould materials. Through air channels 3 at the side walls of the container, pressure air is in-jected into the space above the sand 2. In the embodiment shown, a fluidization of the sand is provided at the unnel-shaped inlet 4 of the container, air being supplied under high pressure through the supply ducts 5, and by this, air pockets and a fluidization are provided imme-diately above the inlet 4, as indicated by the arrows and the dotted lines.
In the shown embodimentl the pressurized air is supplied from a pressure air container 6 which is provided with pressurized air from a compressor through a valve 7.
Under the container 1, a mould chamber 8 is provided which is limited in the lateral direction by mould plates 9 and lO. The mould plates are supported by pressure plates ll and 12 respectively which by means of a piston system 13 (only one piston is shown) is arranged so that they can be led towards each other under high pressure. In the mould plates, passage apertures 14 are designed which via supply lines and a three-way valve 15 can be connected to a vacuum source 16 and a pressure source 17 respectlvely.
: `~
.
:;: ::j:, : ; :
-, ::: ,, ,. ~ . ' .
~26~3~iz In the position shown on the drawing, mould insertion has just been initiated, and -the sand 2 is forced from the funnel-shaped inlet 4 under high pressure into the mould chamber 8 by pressure injection through a porous plate at the bottom of the funnel, such as it is indicated by the arrows. The insertion o~ the sand and the compression in the mould chamber 8 is furthered by providing vacuum from the vacuum source 16. During the last part of the insertion of sand a controlled pressure is furthermore established over the sand, and the lower pressure injection serves to - fluidization of the funnel area. While the insertion of sand is still in operation the mould plates 9 and 10 are led towards each other, activated by a working cylinder, not shown, which by pistons 13 drive the pressure pla-tes 11 and 12 towards each other.
The movement of the pressure plates is -terminated imme dia~ely a~ter insertion of the correct quantity of sand into ~he mould chamber, and the mould is then finalized.
Removal of the mould plate 10 is made by moving the piston (not shown~ and the pressure plate 12 from the mould in the programmed way, simultaneously supplying pressurized air ~rom the pressure air source 17 through the passage apertures 14, so that a positive pressure against the mould limiting surfaces is provided. The mould 8 is removed from the mould chamber ny means of the shown piston 13 and the pressure plate 11 and pushed forward to be put together with the previously produced moulds in a manner known per se. Finally, the mould plate 9 is stripped by moving the piston 13 and the pressure plate 11 away from the mould last produced in a programmed way, by simultane~
ously injecting pressure air from the source 17 through the apertures 14. The piston 13 and the pressure plate 11 turn back to their starting positions in the mould chamber.
A~ter this, the pressure plate 12 is moved back to starting position by means of the piston, not shown. Now, a new mould insertion can begin.
- .
-. . .
, ... . ~ - . - , . . : ~ :
, .~: :::: ~:::: - ::
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a method of producing mould parts by means of an automatic rnould part producing apparatus of 5 the type comprising a mould chamber having pressure plates movable towards each other, to which plates mould plates are fastened, and in which the mould chamber can receive mould material through a mainly funnel-shaped inlet from a supply above said inlet, said material supplied by pres-lO sure.
BACKGROUND ART
When using the known methods of producing mould parts, it has been a problem for a long time both to achieve the high degree of compression of the mould material in the en-tire 15 mould part, which is necessary~for the stability of the ;mould, and to have a sufficiently high production speed.
Particularly in case of complicated mould parts with pro-jecting ribs and the like~ turbulent flows are generated in certain parts of the mould cavity, if the mould material is ;~ 20 introduced under a high pressure. The turbulent flows give rise to uneven filling and consequently uneven density in the mould part. When introducing~the mould material under a relatively low pressure, the cycle time will increase unac-ceptably, and sufficient density cannot be achieved every-25 where in the mould part.
:: :
::,~:,........ . ..
~: . ;:: , .
.,: . , :. , " : , :-... :: ~ , :
.: . . ~ -: , . ., ~ , ~ ... ,: ,-: . :, ~, ", ... .. ..
... : : ....
~2~;Ei36;2 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to show a method of pro-ducing mould parts, whereby,using a low cycle time, mould parts with a stable high density are obtained.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which is characteristic in a) that a pressure is injected insicle the supply in the funnel-shaped inlet for initiating the filling and fluidization of the mould material, b) that a pressure is established above the supply for insertion of mould material through the inlet, and c) that the fluidi.zation pressure and the insertion pressure are controlled independently.
It is possible to obtain a low cycle time by this combina-tion because of the introduction of the pressure in the funnel-inlet itself, as this allows operation with a re-latively high filling pressure from the beginning ~ith no danger of forming bridges in the funnel. Fluidization of the funnel area ensures a laminar flow during the last part of the filling, as a low friction is provided between the components of the mould material. The independent con-trol of the fluidization pressure and the filling pressure offers the possibility of adjusting the degree of pressures which have proven through tests to be the most optimal ones when producing mould parts of a given form.
In case of the hitherto known apparatus, both the insertion pressure and the fluidization pressure have been controlled ; 30 independent of the momentary pressure values above the sup-ply and within the funnel-shaped inlet. Whereas no at-tempts have been made to procure a continuous adjustment , .. :
.: .. ,.: ~: ., ' :
, ~2~E;362 of dependence of the realized values in the relevant areas and therefore, there has been no possibility of making the pressure development dependent on the exact form of the mould parts produced.
In a possible embodiment of the process according to the invention, the mould chamber can be connected to a vaccum source at certain points at the "shadow areas".
In this way the following is achieved, partly a reduction of the cycle time and partly a better filling of the critical "shadow areas" in the mould cavity, i.e. areas behind the projecting ribs and the like.
In German published specification No. 1.941.736 a method is described according to which the mould chamber is subjected to a vacuum during the insertion of sand, but the vacuum is provided solely to increase the effective pressure difference between the mould cavity and the space above the .supply by connecting the mould cavity with the vacuum source through a relatively wide slot in the bottom of the mould chamber.In the German published specification there is no description of providing vacuum through apertures spaced in the surface of the mould chamber.
By engaging a pressure source instead of the vacuum source when stripping,as suggested according to the invention, effective cleaning is ensured of the filters or nozzles through which the vacuum is produced at the passage apertures, and the same passage apertures and supply lines for inserting vacuum and pressure to the mould chamber can be used. Furthermore, the pressure injection appropriate for the stripping is particularly favourable as regards the aforementioned critical "shadow areas".
.
, .. , ., , ~..... . .
., ,, ~
." , . . . .
:~ ::, , : : . :~:
. ~ . ,,, : , ... -:.. , . . :
~2$63G2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR~WING
In the following the invention will be ~urther explained with reference made to the drawing, the only figure of which shows schematically an apparatus for use when exerting the method.
DESCRIPTION OF ~HE PREFERRED ~MBODI~ENT
In the apparatus shown on the drawing, a container 1 is used for storage of the mould sand 2, which~ as the name indicates, normally is sand, but it is possible also to use other suitable mould materials. Through air channels 3 at the side walls of the container, pressure air is in-jected into the space above the sand 2. In the embodiment shown, a fluidization of the sand is provided at the unnel-shaped inlet 4 of the container, air being supplied under high pressure through the supply ducts 5, and by this, air pockets and a fluidization are provided imme-diately above the inlet 4, as indicated by the arrows and the dotted lines.
In the shown embodimentl the pressurized air is supplied from a pressure air container 6 which is provided with pressurized air from a compressor through a valve 7.
Under the container 1, a mould chamber 8 is provided which is limited in the lateral direction by mould plates 9 and lO. The mould plates are supported by pressure plates ll and 12 respectively which by means of a piston system 13 (only one piston is shown) is arranged so that they can be led towards each other under high pressure. In the mould plates, passage apertures 14 are designed which via supply lines and a three-way valve 15 can be connected to a vacuum source 16 and a pressure source 17 respectlvely.
: `~
.
:;: ::j:, : ; :
-, ::: ,, ,. ~ . ' .
~26~3~iz In the position shown on the drawing, mould insertion has just been initiated, and -the sand 2 is forced from the funnel-shaped inlet 4 under high pressure into the mould chamber 8 by pressure injection through a porous plate at the bottom of the funnel, such as it is indicated by the arrows. The insertion o~ the sand and the compression in the mould chamber 8 is furthered by providing vacuum from the vacuum source 16. During the last part of the insertion of sand a controlled pressure is furthermore established over the sand, and the lower pressure injection serves to - fluidization of the funnel area. While the insertion of sand is still in operation the mould plates 9 and 10 are led towards each other, activated by a working cylinder, not shown, which by pistons 13 drive the pressure pla-tes 11 and 12 towards each other.
The movement of the pressure plates is -terminated imme dia~ely a~ter insertion of the correct quantity of sand into ~he mould chamber, and the mould is then finalized.
Removal of the mould plate 10 is made by moving the piston (not shown~ and the pressure plate 12 from the mould in the programmed way, simultaneously supplying pressurized air ~rom the pressure air source 17 through the passage apertures 14, so that a positive pressure against the mould limiting surfaces is provided. The mould 8 is removed from the mould chamber ny means of the shown piston 13 and the pressure plate 11 and pushed forward to be put together with the previously produced moulds in a manner known per se. Finally, the mould plate 9 is stripped by moving the piston 13 and the pressure plate 11 away from the mould last produced in a programmed way, by simultane~
ously injecting pressure air from the source 17 through the apertures 14. The piston 13 and the pressure plate 11 turn back to their starting positions in the mould chamber.
A~ter this, the pressure plate 12 is moved back to starting position by means of the piston, not shown. Now, a new mould insertion can begin.
- .
-. . .
, ... . ~ - . - , . . : ~ :
, .~: :::: ~:::: - ::
Claims (6)
1. A method for the production of mould parts by an automatic mould part producing apparatus comprising a mould chamber having pressure plates movable towards one another and mould plates fastened to said pressure plates and a container for holding a supply of mould material, said container being disposed above said mould chamber and communicating therewith via a funnel-shaped inlet, wherein a pressurised gas is introduced into said container above said supply of material for inserting said material via said funnel-shaped inlet into said mould chamber, and wherein further pressurised gas is used to fluidise the material in the throat region of said funnel-shaped inlet, the method being characterised by the further steps of continuously adjusting the pressure of the pressurised gas above said supply of material in dependence on the form of the mould part being produced, and of continuously and independently adjusting the pressure of the gas used to fluidise the material in the throat region of said funnel- shaped inlet in dependence on the form of the mould part being produced.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the further step of connecting a vacuum source via a suction passage to selected shadow areas of at least one of the mould plates in said mould chamber behind projecting ribs and the like.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that a pressure source is connected to said suction passage in place of said vacuum source for stripping of the mould part.
4. A method in accordance with any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that a feedback control system is used to continuously adjust the pressure of the pressurised gas above said supply of material
5. A method in accordance with any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the mould plates are led towards each other while the insertion of sand is still in operation.
6. A method in accordance with any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the fluidisation is controlled to ensure laminar flow during the fast part of the mould filling.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK2945/84 | 1984-06-15 | ||
| DK294584A DK294584D0 (en) | 1984-06-15 | 1984-06-15 | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING FORM PARTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1266362A true CA1266362A (en) | 1990-03-06 |
Family
ID=8117434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000484000A Expired - Lifetime CA1266362A (en) | 1984-06-15 | 1985-06-14 | Method for the production of mould parts |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0164731B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6182950A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1266362A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD238745A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3561929D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK294584D0 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8607774A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL144177B1 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1757447A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA854335B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU1780917C (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-12-15 | Научно-Производственное Объединение Технологии Автомобильной Промышленности | Method and device for manufacturing one-time casting molds |
| WO1991014525A1 (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-10-03 | Dansk Industri Syndikat A/S | A method for producing a series of casting molds or mold parts, and an apparatus for carrying out the method |
| DK169203B1 (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1994-09-12 | Dansk Ind Syndikat | Method and apparatus for making molds or mold parts by blowing particulate material into a molding chamber |
| DE19745093B4 (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2007-03-01 | Hydro Aluminium Alucast Gmbh | Device for producing casting molds or molded parts |
| WO2001056723A1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Disa Industries A/S | Method and apparatus for producing casting moulds or mould parts |
| ID30333A (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-11-22 | Sintokogio Ltd | EQUIPMENT AND METHODS INTRODUCTION OF MOLD SAND |
| US6871689B2 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2005-03-29 | Disa Industries A/S | Sand moulding machine with improved sand blow |
| KR101223285B1 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-01-16 | 최경화 | remote control warning triangle |
| CN105216197A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-06 | 重庆跃发日用品有限公司 | A kind of blending feeding method of Mold for Plastics binder |
| CN106623813A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-10 | 池州恒和精密机械有限公司 | Sand mold machining device for hollow casting |
| WO2023211317A1 (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АВП Инновации" | Method for additively manufacturing irregularly shaped articles |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1475935A (en) * | 1922-10-02 | 1923-12-04 | Tabor Mfg Co | Method and apparatus for forming sand molds |
| LU31379A1 (en) * | 1950-06-12 | 1952-06-02 | ||
| BE508903A (en) * | 1951-02-09 | |||
| DE1941736B1 (en) * | 1968-08-19 | 1971-07-29 | Buehler Eugen | Procedure in boxless molding machines for pouring in the molding sand and machine for carrying out the same |
| DE2609274A1 (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1977-09-08 | Buehler Eugen | Compacting sand into mould or core boxes - in which partial vacuum is applied via holes in pattern plate to aid compaction |
| JPS5314647U (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1978-02-07 | ||
| JPS57171545A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-22 | Sintokogio Ltd | Molding device for hollow core |
| US4437507A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1984-03-20 | Seeley Robert J | Molding machine |
| JPS5877741A (en) * | 1981-10-31 | 1983-05-11 | Sintokogio Ltd | Molding method for casting mold |
-
1984
- 1984-06-15 DK DK294584A patent/DK294584D0/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-06-07 ZA ZA854335A patent/ZA854335B/en unknown
- 1985-06-11 DE DE8585107199T patent/DE3561929D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-06-11 EP EP85107199A patent/EP0164731B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-06-13 PL PL1985253954A patent/PL144177B1/en unknown
- 1985-06-14 SU SU853923151A patent/SU1757447A3/en active
- 1985-06-14 JP JP60128403A patent/JPS6182950A/en active Granted
- 1985-06-14 CA CA000484000A patent/CA1266362A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-06-14 ES ES544190A patent/ES8607774A1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-06-14 DD DD85277404A patent/DD238745A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0164731A1 (en) | 1985-12-18 |
| ES544190A0 (en) | 1986-06-01 |
| ZA854335B (en) | 1986-01-29 |
| JPS6182950A (en) | 1986-04-26 |
| EP0164731B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| DD238745A5 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| SU1757447A3 (en) | 1992-08-23 |
| ES8607774A1 (en) | 1986-06-01 |
| PL253954A1 (en) | 1986-04-22 |
| DE3561929D1 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| PL144177B1 (en) | 1988-04-30 |
| JPH0261868B2 (en) | 1990-12-21 |
| DK294584D0 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |