CA1264247A - Breech locking system for self loading fire arms - Google Patents
Breech locking system for self loading fire armsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1264247A CA1264247A CA000496779A CA496779A CA1264247A CA 1264247 A CA1264247 A CA 1264247A CA 000496779 A CA000496779 A CA 000496779A CA 496779 A CA496779 A CA 496779A CA 1264247 A CA1264247 A CA 1264247A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- barrel
- slide
- trigger guard
- fire arm
- breech
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000242759 Actiniaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940061319 ovide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
"BREECH LOCKING SYSTEM FOR SELF LOADING FIRE ARMS"
In a locked-breech, short recoil, pistol type fire arm, the breech block slide (B) is provided with a separate locking block (E) engageable with both the barrel (C) and the slide (B) and accommodated between the underside of the barrel (C) and the upper surface of a movable trigger guard (D). Hold open means (X) are provided operable in the absence of cartridges in a magazine (T) or in the breech to allow the slide (B) to be held in the fully retracted position and simultaneously to release the trigger guard (D) for limited forward and downward movement, the trigger guard being provided with means which on movement of the trigger guard cause the locking block (E) to dis-engage from the barrel, whereby the barrel can be removed without the need for further disassembly of the fire arm.
"BREECH LOCKING SYSTEM FOR SELF LOADING FIRE ARMS"
In a locked-breech, short recoil, pistol type fire arm, the breech block slide (B) is provided with a separate locking block (E) engageable with both the barrel (C) and the slide (B) and accommodated between the underside of the barrel (C) and the upper surface of a movable trigger guard (D). Hold open means (X) are provided operable in the absence of cartridges in a magazine (T) or in the breech to allow the slide (B) to be held in the fully retracted position and simultaneously to release the trigger guard (D) for limited forward and downward movement, the trigger guard being provided with means which on movement of the trigger guard cause the locking block (E) to dis-engage from the barrel, whereby the barrel can be removed without the need for further disassembly of the fire arm.
Description
4~f~7 "BREECH L~CKING SYST~M FOR SEL~ LOADING FIRE ARMS"
This invention relates to fire arms of the self loadinQ, locked breech, short recoil, pistol type, in which a separate locking block is employed, and more particularly to fire arms o~ the kind having means for automatically locking the barrel and breech block together during the discharge of the cartridge in the breech, for the purpose oF ensuring pDsitive obturation of the cartridge case walls tD the breech chamber until the high pressure period of the powder gases is over, and then to automatically allow the breech block s~ide to separate from the barrel and permit the extraction of the cartridge case safely.
The usual practice in sel~ loading locked breech pist~ls is for them to employ a barrel locking to the slide, either by studs, ribs, or other means, and rotated, cammed, or otherwise moved out of engagement with the s~ide after the end of the high pressure period of the cartridge powder gases, or to employ a 2รป separate block to lock barrel to slide during the aforesaid high pressure period. The usual practice in self loading locked breech fire arms is for the residual pressure in the barrel interior plus the inertia of the barrel and slide moving rearwards in reaction to the projectile's discharge to disengage whatever lock is employed, and to furnish the energy requ~red to complete the cycle of ca~tridge case extraction and ejection, and the reloading of the barrel chamber with a loaded cartridge from a magazine in the fire arm.
It is usual in self loading locl<ed breech pistols employing any of the breech locking systemspreviously mentioned to p~ovide means for the removal of the barrel from the pistol. The usual practice is for a catch to be provided which, by manipulation or removal, allows the barrel and slide, together with, in most lX64~47 types of pistol, the recoil spring assembly, to be r~moved from the pistol main frame. Usually, the barrel can then be removed from within a recess in the slide. The disadvantage of this practice in pistols is that in order to remove the barrel for any reason, additional parts of the pistol must be removed from the main frame, and it is inconvenient to find accommodation for such parts which are liable to be exposed to dirt, be misplaced or be damaged. In the Walther P38 and 10 Beretta models 951 and 92, the locking block is accommodated in a recess under the rear of the barrel.
Although the Walther locking block is easily detached fI~om the barrel it is possible to reassemble the pistol with the block absent, rosulting in a very dangerous situation should the pistol then be fired with a normal ball cartridge. The Beretta pistols require tools to detach the locking block. Greater convenience is provided by certain oistols using low pressure cartridges and not requiringa locked breech, that allow the barrel alone to be removed initially, with the rest of the pistol intact.
It is,therefore, an object of the present invention to provide for self loading pistols using high pressure cartridges, a system that provides a positive lock bet~een barrel and breech block or slide during the high pressure period of the firing cycle, and that allows the normal operation of such a pistol or fire arm, while also providing that the barrel alone can be removed from the fire arm when required.
It is another object of the invention to simplify the manipulations involved in disassembling and assembling a selF loading pistol or other fire arm.
It is another object of the invention to provide a locking block for a self loading pistol or other fire arm that is easily removed but is an essential part ofthe pistol or other fire arm, and cannot be left out on assembly.
126~
It is another object of the invention to provide a breech locking system for a self loading pistol or other fire arm that does not r~quire tools to assemble and disassemble.
It is a subsidiary object of the invention to provide means of indication to indicate to the user when the inserted cartridge magazine is empty.
Finally, it is an object to provide a breech locking system for s self loading pistol or other fire arm which is of simple construction and cheap to manufacture .
According to the invention, there is provided a self loading fire arm of the locked breech, short recoil pistGl type having a barrel and a breech black slide provided with a separate locking block accommodated between the underside of said barrel and the upper surface of a movable trigger guard, said locking block having means for positively locking the barrel to the slide during the high pressure period of the firing cycle of the fire arm and means for raleasing the slide from the barrel during the remainder of the firing cycle, said trigger ~uard being normally locked to the frame, and hold open means operable in the absence of cartridges in a magazine and in the breech to allow said slide to be held in the fully retracted position and simultaneously to release said trigger guard for limited forward and downward move-ment, said trigger guard being provided with means which on said movement cause said locking block to disengage from the barrel, whereby the barrel can be removed without the necessity for further disassembly of the fire arm.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and ~vill be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Fiqure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents, partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal vertical ~X~4~47 section, a self loading semi-automatic pistol provided with means constructed and arranyed in accordance with this invention for locking and unlDcking the slide and barrel together during the firing cycles of the pistol, and means to allow the pistol to be disassembled, showing the pistol in battery position, cartLidge in chamber, locking block forward, slide lDcked to barrel by locking block;
Figure 2 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vortical section of the upper part of the pist~l in battery position;
Fi~ure 3 is a part elevation, part longitudinal -vertical section of the upper part of the pistol during a period of the firing cycle;
Fiqure 4 is 2 part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol during a further period of the firing cycle;
Fiqure 5 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol during a further period of the firing cycle;
Fiqure 6 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol, with the slide in the rear locked position;
Fiqure 7 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol, showing part of the operation to disassemble barrel from pistol;
Fiqur _ is a similar view to Figure 7 showing a further part of the operation to disassemble barrel from pistol;
Fiqure 9 shows on an enlarged scale and partly in section and partly in elevation details from Figure 8 of the trigger guard and frame;
Fiaure 10 shows on a reduced scale a part elevation of the pisto~ with slide locked to rear;
Fiqure 11 shows on a reduced scale a part elevation of the pistol with trigger guard in the ~2~ 47 position as in Figure ~;
Figure 12 is a transverse vertical section of Figure 1 along line 1;
Fiqure 13 i~ a transverse vertical section of Figure 1 along line 3;
Figure 14 is a transverse vertical section of figure 1 along line 2;
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the lacking b)ock;
Fig_re 16 is aDother perspective view of the locking block;
Figure 17 is yet another perspective view of the locking block;
Figure 18 is a perspective view of the trigger guard with trigger axis pin;
Figure 19 is a perspective view of the slide hold open assembly;
Figure 20 is a perspective view of the barrel;
Figure 21 is a perspecti~e view of a trigger guard spring;
Figure 22 is a perspective view of an alternative trigger guard spring;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of the upper frame;
Figure 24 is a perspective view of the slide; and Figure 25 is a partial left side elevation of the pistol with the chamber loaded, hammer cocked, and the hold open catch in the midway position, indicating an Pmpty magazine is held in the pistol. The dotted lines sho~ the upper and lower limits of the hold open catch.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in several Figures of the drawings.
In the self loading pistol represented in Figure 1, the barrel C and slide B are mounted on the frame A. The locking block E which rides on the surface D2 of trigger guard D, is engaged by means of wing El 1264~47 into recess Cl in barrel C and recess B3 between slide recoil rails Bl and B4 and B2 and B5. The slide B
nnd barrel C being held together by locking block wing El are thrust forward by recoil springs Pl and P2 compressed by rear guides Rl and R2 (not shown) acting upon frame wings A2 and A3, and retained in the slide by forward recoil guides Ql and q2 (not shown) by recoil springs retainer R~. The s]ide and barrel and locking block together are thrust forward as a whole and thereby the groove E2 in the front locking block surface impinges on frame pin Al which is permanently held in the frame, the frame pin Al thereby restricting the forward motion of the whole slide, barrel and locking block combination. When the cartridge XX is fired by the firing pin B? which is thrown forward by hammer J being rotated on axis pin EE by main spring B8, pressure is exerted eq~ally on bullet XXl and through breech insert F to the slide.
During this period of high cartridge gas pressure while the bullet travels along barrel bore C2 as shown in Figure 3 the slide and barrel recoil to the rear, locked together by the locking block wing, until locking block surface E3 impinges on trigger guard cam surface D4. The locking block is forced by the continuing rearward motion of the slide, as shown in Figure 4, to be cammed downwards by surface D4 until the locking block wing extensions disengage from the rear surface of the slide recoil rails and thereby allow the slide to freely continue to the rear as shown in Figure 4. The locking block wing is still engaged in barrel recess Cl, and as the upper surface of the locking block wing bears against the underneath surface of the qlide recoil rails Bl and B4, ~nd cannot move forward by locking block point E4 bearing on trigger guard carn D3, the barrel is held stationary by surFaces C4 and C5 being engaged by the locking block wing.
During the camming of the locking b]ock by surface D4, ~2~41f~47 the cartridge oase is subjected to primary extraction, being withdrawn frorn barrel ehamber C3 by extractor M.
The bullet has left the barrel and residual pressure in the barrel and inertia will continue the rearward motion of the slide to the position as shown in Figure 5. During the rearward motion of the slide the cartridge case is extracted completely from the barrel chamber C3 and striking the nose Ll of ejector L the cartridge case is ejected From the pistol.
Actiny under pressure of the re~oil springs the slide will then move forward striking the base of cartridge YY in magazine T and feed the cartridge into the barrel chamber. The extractor will engage with the cartridge canelure YYl while the cartridge is being chambered. During the forward motion of the slide the position as shown in Figure 4 is attained. The cartridge is almost fully chambered when the slide recoil rail recesses align with the barrel recess thereby allowing the locking block wing free passage to rise.
The slide continues forward and the forward inner face of the slide B9 abuts the rear face of the barrel C6 thereby forcing the barrel also to move forward and barrel surface C4 abutting the rear face of the locking blockwing E5 forces locking block point E4 to be cammed up the trigger guard surface ~3, thereby lifting the locking block wing into full engagement in both slide recoil rail recesses and the barrel recess.
Further pressure by the recoil springs forces s~ide and barrel and locking block, locked together by the ~ocking block wing, forward until the whole are arrested by ]ocking block surface E2 impinging on frame pin Al. When the last cartridge has been fed from the magazin~ into the chamber of the barrel the magazine follower will rise until its upper surface U2 impinges on the under surface of the slide. At this point the shelf Ul will have lifted the hold open unit 12~4~47 - B -(X, Y) to a point approximately midway between its lower rest position and the raised position it assumes when, as shown in Figure 7, the hold open is locking the slide in the rear position. This midway position can be seen as in Figure 25, and felt, and acts as an indicator that the magazine is empty and, at any point in time, at night, with the pistol or fire arm in the aimed position, or any other situation, the user has the knowledge that one cartridge remains in the chamber and that the magazine is empty.
~hus the pistol or ~ire arm can be reloaded without at any time being rendered totally inoperable. This assumes no magazine safety is fitted to the gun; such a device would have to be removed to render the magazine indicator capable of serving its full purpose.
In the pistol described no magazine safety is fitted.
The magazine indicator would also operate should the chamber and magazine be empty. Figure 25 shows the empty magazine indicated position of the hold open catch, the dotted lines showing the upper and lower limit positions of the catch. The hold open unit consisting of an external member X having a pivot pin X2 and a rear pin Xl, and an inner member Y having holes Y2 and Yl to receive the pins X2 and Xl, these pins passing through holes A4 and A5 in the frame, the hole A5 being sufficiently large to allow the pin Xl to move in it.
Upon the discharge of the last cartridge in the barrel chamber the slide will recoil and the magazine follower will rise fully when the slide base moves clear of the follower, and thereby the magazine follower shelf Ul will raise the hold open fully, in this position as shown in Figure 6, the shelf has impinged on the hold open rear pin Xl, which moves within frame aperture A5, and forces the hold open and to rotate on its axis pin X2, which pivots in frame aperture A4 and since the hold open pins Xl and ~2~i4;~47 g X2 pass through hold open inner ho]es Yl and Y2 respectively, the whole hold open unit is made to pivot, compressiog hold open spring Z against the forward part Hl of the trigger bar H. As the whDle hold open unit rotates the inner rear end Y3 r~f the inner member rises and locates in slide recoil rail recess B3 when the slide reaches the full rearward position under recoil or whPn manually retracted. It will be observed that the forward end Y4 of the hold Dpen inner member depresses as the rear Y3 elevates, and the forward end moves to clear the front of stud Dl which is permanently fixed transversely in the trigger guard cam lug D5. It is only in this position that the trigger guard can be moved forward against the resistance of the trigger guard spring, thus during all firing operations of the pistol, the trigger guard cannot move forward.
To remove the barrel from the pistol the slide is locked to the rear by the hold open unit as previously described and the magazine is removed by depressing from the left or right side of the pistol the magazine catch plunger UU which will retract the nose VVl of the magazine catch VV which is forced to the rear by spring WW. The forward inner surface D6 of the trigger guard is pushed furward, as shown by the arrow in Figure 7, and thereby the locking block which i9 seated in the trigger guard recess D9 will be Forced forward and impinge on the frame pin Al. The trigger guard surface D7 will move clear of frame point A6 and the trigger guard can be moved downwards, the 3U trigger guard and locking block will then be rotating on the frame pin Al. The rotation of the trigger guard will be arrested by the trigger bar contacting frame surface A7 and frame ledge A6 will seat in trigger guard detent groove D8. The locking block, when in its lowered position within the trigger guardl will completely disengage the locking block wing from barrel recess Cl leaving the barrel free to move 12~i4;~47 forward on the runners C7 sliding in the frame guides A8 each side, with reference to Figures 12 and 20 and 23. The barrr-~l will slide clear of the frame and when the hold open unit is disengaged from the slide, the slide can be slid forward off the frame. TD remove the locking block the trigger guard is returned to the position as shown in Figure 10 and with the barrel and slide detached from the frame the locking block can be removed upwards f~om the frame. To reassemble the slide and barrel to make the pistol operational the trigger guard with the locking block is put in the position as shown in Figure 8. The slide is mounted or, the frame with the slide guides B8 engaged with frame runners A9 and held in the rear position with the hold open catch. The barrel is then mounted in the frame with the barrel runners in the Frame guides and slid to the rear until barrel face C5 abuts with the forward face E6 of the locking block. The trigger guard is then pivoted upwards which engages the locking block wing to the position as Fiqure 7, and the trigger guard spring will then force the trigger guard and lDcking block and barrel rearwards to the position in Figure 6, the rearward motion of the trigger guard, and thus the whole, being arrested by frame pin A10 which is permanently mounted transversely in the frame.
If no magazine is in the pistol, the hold ope unit can be operated manually by rotation of the outer member X tD hold the manually retracted slide in position.
When the trigger guard is in the Figure 8 position the trigger axis pin DD can be extracted from either side of the trigger guard to permit the trigger G and trigger bar H to be removed frorn the pistol.
The application of the invention to other small arms differs in no essential respect from its application to pistols of the type hereinbefore described.
The terrns "hori~ontal" and"vertical" as used herein refer tD the pistol ~r other fire arm when held in the normal firing pDsition.
This invention relates to fire arms of the self loadinQ, locked breech, short recoil, pistol type, in which a separate locking block is employed, and more particularly to fire arms o~ the kind having means for automatically locking the barrel and breech block together during the discharge of the cartridge in the breech, for the purpose oF ensuring pDsitive obturation of the cartridge case walls tD the breech chamber until the high pressure period of the powder gases is over, and then to automatically allow the breech block s~ide to separate from the barrel and permit the extraction of the cartridge case safely.
The usual practice in sel~ loading locked breech pist~ls is for them to employ a barrel locking to the slide, either by studs, ribs, or other means, and rotated, cammed, or otherwise moved out of engagement with the s~ide after the end of the high pressure period of the cartridge powder gases, or to employ a 2รป separate block to lock barrel to slide during the aforesaid high pressure period. The usual practice in self loading locked breech fire arms is for the residual pressure in the barrel interior plus the inertia of the barrel and slide moving rearwards in reaction to the projectile's discharge to disengage whatever lock is employed, and to furnish the energy requ~red to complete the cycle of ca~tridge case extraction and ejection, and the reloading of the barrel chamber with a loaded cartridge from a magazine in the fire arm.
It is usual in self loading locl<ed breech pistols employing any of the breech locking systemspreviously mentioned to p~ovide means for the removal of the barrel from the pistol. The usual practice is for a catch to be provided which, by manipulation or removal, allows the barrel and slide, together with, in most lX64~47 types of pistol, the recoil spring assembly, to be r~moved from the pistol main frame. Usually, the barrel can then be removed from within a recess in the slide. The disadvantage of this practice in pistols is that in order to remove the barrel for any reason, additional parts of the pistol must be removed from the main frame, and it is inconvenient to find accommodation for such parts which are liable to be exposed to dirt, be misplaced or be damaged. In the Walther P38 and 10 Beretta models 951 and 92, the locking block is accommodated in a recess under the rear of the barrel.
Although the Walther locking block is easily detached fI~om the barrel it is possible to reassemble the pistol with the block absent, rosulting in a very dangerous situation should the pistol then be fired with a normal ball cartridge. The Beretta pistols require tools to detach the locking block. Greater convenience is provided by certain oistols using low pressure cartridges and not requiringa locked breech, that allow the barrel alone to be removed initially, with the rest of the pistol intact.
It is,therefore, an object of the present invention to provide for self loading pistols using high pressure cartridges, a system that provides a positive lock bet~een barrel and breech block or slide during the high pressure period of the firing cycle, and that allows the normal operation of such a pistol or fire arm, while also providing that the barrel alone can be removed from the fire arm when required.
It is another object of the invention to simplify the manipulations involved in disassembling and assembling a selF loading pistol or other fire arm.
It is another object of the invention to provide a locking block for a self loading pistol or other fire arm that is easily removed but is an essential part ofthe pistol or other fire arm, and cannot be left out on assembly.
126~
It is another object of the invention to provide a breech locking system for a self loading pistol or other fire arm that does not r~quire tools to assemble and disassemble.
It is a subsidiary object of the invention to provide means of indication to indicate to the user when the inserted cartridge magazine is empty.
Finally, it is an object to provide a breech locking system for s self loading pistol or other fire arm which is of simple construction and cheap to manufacture .
According to the invention, there is provided a self loading fire arm of the locked breech, short recoil pistGl type having a barrel and a breech black slide provided with a separate locking block accommodated between the underside of said barrel and the upper surface of a movable trigger guard, said locking block having means for positively locking the barrel to the slide during the high pressure period of the firing cycle of the fire arm and means for raleasing the slide from the barrel during the remainder of the firing cycle, said trigger ~uard being normally locked to the frame, and hold open means operable in the absence of cartridges in a magazine and in the breech to allow said slide to be held in the fully retracted position and simultaneously to release said trigger guard for limited forward and downward move-ment, said trigger guard being provided with means which on said movement cause said locking block to disengage from the barrel, whereby the barrel can be removed without the necessity for further disassembly of the fire arm.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and ~vill be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Fiqure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents, partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal vertical ~X~4~47 section, a self loading semi-automatic pistol provided with means constructed and arranyed in accordance with this invention for locking and unlDcking the slide and barrel together during the firing cycles of the pistol, and means to allow the pistol to be disassembled, showing the pistol in battery position, cartLidge in chamber, locking block forward, slide lDcked to barrel by locking block;
Figure 2 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vortical section of the upper part of the pist~l in battery position;
Fi~ure 3 is a part elevation, part longitudinal -vertical section of the upper part of the pistol during a period of the firing cycle;
Fiqure 4 is 2 part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol during a further period of the firing cycle;
Fiqure 5 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol during a further period of the firing cycle;
Fiqure 6 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol, with the slide in the rear locked position;
Fiqure 7 is a part elevation, part longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of the pistol, showing part of the operation to disassemble barrel from pistol;
Fiqur _ is a similar view to Figure 7 showing a further part of the operation to disassemble barrel from pistol;
Fiqure 9 shows on an enlarged scale and partly in section and partly in elevation details from Figure 8 of the trigger guard and frame;
Fiaure 10 shows on a reduced scale a part elevation of the pisto~ with slide locked to rear;
Fiqure 11 shows on a reduced scale a part elevation of the pistol with trigger guard in the ~2~ 47 position as in Figure ~;
Figure 12 is a transverse vertical section of Figure 1 along line 1;
Fiqure 13 i~ a transverse vertical section of Figure 1 along line 3;
Figure 14 is a transverse vertical section of figure 1 along line 2;
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the lacking b)ock;
Fig_re 16 is aDother perspective view of the locking block;
Figure 17 is yet another perspective view of the locking block;
Figure 18 is a perspective view of the trigger guard with trigger axis pin;
Figure 19 is a perspective view of the slide hold open assembly;
Figure 20 is a perspective view of the barrel;
Figure 21 is a perspecti~e view of a trigger guard spring;
Figure 22 is a perspective view of an alternative trigger guard spring;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of the upper frame;
Figure 24 is a perspective view of the slide; and Figure 25 is a partial left side elevation of the pistol with the chamber loaded, hammer cocked, and the hold open catch in the midway position, indicating an Pmpty magazine is held in the pistol. The dotted lines sho~ the upper and lower limits of the hold open catch.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in several Figures of the drawings.
In the self loading pistol represented in Figure 1, the barrel C and slide B are mounted on the frame A. The locking block E which rides on the surface D2 of trigger guard D, is engaged by means of wing El 1264~47 into recess Cl in barrel C and recess B3 between slide recoil rails Bl and B4 and B2 and B5. The slide B
nnd barrel C being held together by locking block wing El are thrust forward by recoil springs Pl and P2 compressed by rear guides Rl and R2 (not shown) acting upon frame wings A2 and A3, and retained in the slide by forward recoil guides Ql and q2 (not shown) by recoil springs retainer R~. The s]ide and barrel and locking block together are thrust forward as a whole and thereby the groove E2 in the front locking block surface impinges on frame pin Al which is permanently held in the frame, the frame pin Al thereby restricting the forward motion of the whole slide, barrel and locking block combination. When the cartridge XX is fired by the firing pin B? which is thrown forward by hammer J being rotated on axis pin EE by main spring B8, pressure is exerted eq~ally on bullet XXl and through breech insert F to the slide.
During this period of high cartridge gas pressure while the bullet travels along barrel bore C2 as shown in Figure 3 the slide and barrel recoil to the rear, locked together by the locking block wing, until locking block surface E3 impinges on trigger guard cam surface D4. The locking block is forced by the continuing rearward motion of the slide, as shown in Figure 4, to be cammed downwards by surface D4 until the locking block wing extensions disengage from the rear surface of the slide recoil rails and thereby allow the slide to freely continue to the rear as shown in Figure 4. The locking block wing is still engaged in barrel recess Cl, and as the upper surface of the locking block wing bears against the underneath surface of the qlide recoil rails Bl and B4, ~nd cannot move forward by locking block point E4 bearing on trigger guard carn D3, the barrel is held stationary by surFaces C4 and C5 being engaged by the locking block wing.
During the camming of the locking b]ock by surface D4, ~2~41f~47 the cartridge oase is subjected to primary extraction, being withdrawn frorn barrel ehamber C3 by extractor M.
The bullet has left the barrel and residual pressure in the barrel and inertia will continue the rearward motion of the slide to the position as shown in Figure 5. During the rearward motion of the slide the cartridge case is extracted completely from the barrel chamber C3 and striking the nose Ll of ejector L the cartridge case is ejected From the pistol.
Actiny under pressure of the re~oil springs the slide will then move forward striking the base of cartridge YY in magazine T and feed the cartridge into the barrel chamber. The extractor will engage with the cartridge canelure YYl while the cartridge is being chambered. During the forward motion of the slide the position as shown in Figure 4 is attained. The cartridge is almost fully chambered when the slide recoil rail recesses align with the barrel recess thereby allowing the locking block wing free passage to rise.
The slide continues forward and the forward inner face of the slide B9 abuts the rear face of the barrel C6 thereby forcing the barrel also to move forward and barrel surface C4 abutting the rear face of the locking blockwing E5 forces locking block point E4 to be cammed up the trigger guard surface ~3, thereby lifting the locking block wing into full engagement in both slide recoil rail recesses and the barrel recess.
Further pressure by the recoil springs forces s~ide and barrel and locking block, locked together by the ~ocking block wing, forward until the whole are arrested by ]ocking block surface E2 impinging on frame pin Al. When the last cartridge has been fed from the magazin~ into the chamber of the barrel the magazine follower will rise until its upper surface U2 impinges on the under surface of the slide. At this point the shelf Ul will have lifted the hold open unit 12~4~47 - B -(X, Y) to a point approximately midway between its lower rest position and the raised position it assumes when, as shown in Figure 7, the hold open is locking the slide in the rear position. This midway position can be seen as in Figure 25, and felt, and acts as an indicator that the magazine is empty and, at any point in time, at night, with the pistol or fire arm in the aimed position, or any other situation, the user has the knowledge that one cartridge remains in the chamber and that the magazine is empty.
~hus the pistol or ~ire arm can be reloaded without at any time being rendered totally inoperable. This assumes no magazine safety is fitted to the gun; such a device would have to be removed to render the magazine indicator capable of serving its full purpose.
In the pistol described no magazine safety is fitted.
The magazine indicator would also operate should the chamber and magazine be empty. Figure 25 shows the empty magazine indicated position of the hold open catch, the dotted lines showing the upper and lower limit positions of the catch. The hold open unit consisting of an external member X having a pivot pin X2 and a rear pin Xl, and an inner member Y having holes Y2 and Yl to receive the pins X2 and Xl, these pins passing through holes A4 and A5 in the frame, the hole A5 being sufficiently large to allow the pin Xl to move in it.
Upon the discharge of the last cartridge in the barrel chamber the slide will recoil and the magazine follower will rise fully when the slide base moves clear of the follower, and thereby the magazine follower shelf Ul will raise the hold open fully, in this position as shown in Figure 6, the shelf has impinged on the hold open rear pin Xl, which moves within frame aperture A5, and forces the hold open and to rotate on its axis pin X2, which pivots in frame aperture A4 and since the hold open pins Xl and ~2~i4;~47 g X2 pass through hold open inner ho]es Yl and Y2 respectively, the whole hold open unit is made to pivot, compressiog hold open spring Z against the forward part Hl of the trigger bar H. As the whDle hold open unit rotates the inner rear end Y3 r~f the inner member rises and locates in slide recoil rail recess B3 when the slide reaches the full rearward position under recoil or whPn manually retracted. It will be observed that the forward end Y4 of the hold Dpen inner member depresses as the rear Y3 elevates, and the forward end moves to clear the front of stud Dl which is permanently fixed transversely in the trigger guard cam lug D5. It is only in this position that the trigger guard can be moved forward against the resistance of the trigger guard spring, thus during all firing operations of the pistol, the trigger guard cannot move forward.
To remove the barrel from the pistol the slide is locked to the rear by the hold open unit as previously described and the magazine is removed by depressing from the left or right side of the pistol the magazine catch plunger UU which will retract the nose VVl of the magazine catch VV which is forced to the rear by spring WW. The forward inner surface D6 of the trigger guard is pushed furward, as shown by the arrow in Figure 7, and thereby the locking block which i9 seated in the trigger guard recess D9 will be Forced forward and impinge on the frame pin Al. The trigger guard surface D7 will move clear of frame point A6 and the trigger guard can be moved downwards, the 3U trigger guard and locking block will then be rotating on the frame pin Al. The rotation of the trigger guard will be arrested by the trigger bar contacting frame surface A7 and frame ledge A6 will seat in trigger guard detent groove D8. The locking block, when in its lowered position within the trigger guardl will completely disengage the locking block wing from barrel recess Cl leaving the barrel free to move 12~i4;~47 forward on the runners C7 sliding in the frame guides A8 each side, with reference to Figures 12 and 20 and 23. The barrr-~l will slide clear of the frame and when the hold open unit is disengaged from the slide, the slide can be slid forward off the frame. TD remove the locking block the trigger guard is returned to the position as shown in Figure 10 and with the barrel and slide detached from the frame the locking block can be removed upwards f~om the frame. To reassemble the slide and barrel to make the pistol operational the trigger guard with the locking block is put in the position as shown in Figure 8. The slide is mounted or, the frame with the slide guides B8 engaged with frame runners A9 and held in the rear position with the hold open catch. The barrel is then mounted in the frame with the barrel runners in the Frame guides and slid to the rear until barrel face C5 abuts with the forward face E6 of the locking block. The trigger guard is then pivoted upwards which engages the locking block wing to the position as Fiqure 7, and the trigger guard spring will then force the trigger guard and lDcking block and barrel rearwards to the position in Figure 6, the rearward motion of the trigger guard, and thus the whole, being arrested by frame pin A10 which is permanently mounted transversely in the frame.
If no magazine is in the pistol, the hold ope unit can be operated manually by rotation of the outer member X tD hold the manually retracted slide in position.
When the trigger guard is in the Figure 8 position the trigger axis pin DD can be extracted from either side of the trigger guard to permit the trigger G and trigger bar H to be removed frorn the pistol.
The application of the invention to other small arms differs in no essential respect from its application to pistols of the type hereinbefore described.
The terrns "hori~ontal" and"vertical" as used herein refer tD the pistol ~r other fire arm when held in the normal firing pDsition.
Claims (13)
1. A self loading fire arm of the locked breech, short recoil pistol type having a barrel and a breech block slide provided with a separate locking block accommodated between the underside of said barrel and the upper surface of a movable trigger guard, said locking block having means for positively locking the barrel to the slide during the high pressure period of the firing cycle of the fire arm and means for releasing the slide from the barrel during the remainder of the firing cycle, said trigger guard being normally locked to the frame, and hold open means operable in the absence of cartridges in a magazine and in the breech to allow said slide to be held in the fully retracted position and simultaneously to release said trigger guard for limited forward and downward movement, said trigger guard being provided with means which on said movement cause said locking block to disengage from the barrel, whereby the barrel can be removed without the necessity for further disassembling of the fire arm.
2. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 1, wherein forward movement of said locking block is arrested by infringement of the front of said block on a fixed part of the frame.
3. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said fixed part is a round pin and the front of said block has a part-circular groove therein which co-operates with said pin to permit pivotal movement of the block about the pin.
4. A fire arm as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for positively locking the barrel to the slide comprise an upstanding transverse wing provided on said block, said wing having outer portions adapted to engage in recesses in the bottom of the side walls of the slide, and a central part adapted to engage in a recess in the bottom of said barrel, whereby said barrel and slide can be positively locked together and to said block.
5. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said trigger guard is provided with a cam surface, which co-operates with said locking block to disengage said wing from the recesses in said slide at the end of the high pressure period of the firing cycle.
6. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said hold opens means comprises an inner member which is pivotable intermediate its ends in said frame, one end of said inner member being engageable in said recess in the bottom of one side wall of the slide and the other serving as a safety catch against forward motion of said trigger guard, the pivoting motion of said inner member being such that upward movement of said one end into engagement with said recess is accompanied by downward movement of the other end to release said trigger guard.
7. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 6, wherein in the locking position, said other end of said inner member abuts against a stud formed thereon to prevent forward movement of the trigger guard.
8. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the magazine follower is moveable responsive to the magazine being empty and the last cartridge in the breech chamber having been fired to engage and cause pivotal movement of said hold open means to a position to hold said slide in the fully retracted position and to free the trigger guard.
9. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 8, wherein said hold open means includes an outer member pivoting with said inner member and said magazine follower is movable responsive to emptying of the magazine to engage and pivot said hold open means to an intermediate position whereby the position of said outer member affords a visual and tactile indication that the magazine is empty but the chamber contains a cartridge.
10. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 6, wherein said hold open means is provided with spring means acting against the pivotal movement into the slide holding position, said spring also acting as a return bar for the trigger bar of the firing lock of the fire arm.
11. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 1, including a pin fixed in the frame and serving as a stop against rearward movement of said trigger guard.
12. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the forward and downward movement allows the removal of a trigger pivot pin to permit removal of the trigger and trigger bar.
13. A fire arm as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a nose is provided on the frame and a detent is provided on the trigger guard, the nose engaging the detent when the trigger guard is in its lowermost position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA496779A CA1264247C (en) | 1985-12-03 | 1985-12-03 | Breech locking system for self loading fire arms |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA496779A CA1264247C (en) | 1985-12-03 | 1985-12-03 | Breech locking system for self loading fire arms |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1264247A true CA1264247A (en) | 1990-01-09 |
| CA1264247C CA1264247C (en) | 1990-01-09 |
Family
ID=4132006
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA496779A Expired - Lifetime CA1264247C (en) | 1985-12-03 | 1985-12-03 | Breech locking system for self loading fire arms |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1264247C (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-12-03 CA CA496779A patent/CA1264247C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1264247C (en) | 1990-01-09 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |