CA1262313A - Method for seaming a tube end and an apparatus for applying the method - Google Patents
Method for seaming a tube end and an apparatus for applying the methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1262313A CA1262313A CA000520630A CA520630A CA1262313A CA 1262313 A CA1262313 A CA 1262313A CA 000520630 A CA000520630 A CA 000520630A CA 520630 A CA520630 A CA 520630A CA 1262313 A CA1262313 A CA 1262313A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- seaming
- tube
- open ends
- bent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
A method for seaming the end of a tube made of plastic or a laminated material consisting of plastic and aluminium foil layers, said tube beind used as a container for the storage and application of e.g. tootpaste or cosmetic substances, and an apparatus for applying the said method. In known types of tube, the strength of the end seam is insufficient.
In the method of the invention, this problem is solved in that the open end or one of the open ends of the tube, hav-ing at least one end open, is squeezed together, folded and then seamed by heating the folded end at least from the outer side of the fold and squeezing the fold against the rest of the tube end.
A method for seaming the end of a tube made of plastic or a laminated material consisting of plastic and aluminium foil layers, said tube beind used as a container for the storage and application of e.g. tootpaste or cosmetic substances, and an apparatus for applying the said method. In known types of tube, the strength of the end seam is insufficient.
In the method of the invention, this problem is solved in that the open end or one of the open ends of the tube, hav-ing at least one end open, is squeezed together, folded and then seamed by heating the folded end at least from the outer side of the fold and squeezing the fold against the rest of the tube end.
Description
BA~KGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns an apparatus ~or seaming the end of a tube made of plastic or a laminated material consisting of plastic and aluminium foil layers, said tube being used as a container for the storage and application of e.g.
toothpaste or cosmetic substances.
At present, there are three known main types of tube used for the storage and application of toothpaste or cosmetic substances and the like. Formerly, a commonly used type of tube was made of light metal, notably aluminium. The end of the tube was usually seamed by making several folds at the tube end. However, a seam like this is no-t reliable enough, because the end seam of aluminium tubes is often liable to be damaged in use.
A widely used type of tube is the plastic tube, in which the envelope is made of an elastic plastic ma-terial. Such a tube has the advantage that its form remains unchanged in use.
Because of its unchanged'esthetic appearance, this type of tube is especially suitable for use as a container of women's cosmetics.
Another common type of tube currently used is the laminated tube, in which the envelope is made of a laminated rrlaterial consisting of alterna-te plastic and aluminium foil layers.
~nlike the all-plastic tube, due to the aluminium layers, the laminated tube is deformed in use. The plastic materials generally used in such tubes are polyolefines, such as high-pressure or low-pressure polyethylene or polypropylene. The end of a plastic or laminated tube is usually searned e.g. by heating the open end of the tube, substantially circular or elliptical in sectional form, until it becomes soft, and then squeezing the tube sides together, so that a seam is produced between them. The s-trength of a seam made in this way is equal to the tearing resistance of` the plastic foil seamed together on the inside of the tube. The strength of the seam is therefore insufficient, considering that the longitudinal seam of the tube envelope, if made by the newest manufacturing methods, will withstand Up to twice as rnuch pressure as the end seam can -tolera-te.
'~ith time, the end seam of the tube is weakened e.g. by corrosion caused by factors like the aromatic substances present in the product, such as toothpaste, contained in the tube. Tests have proved -that the s-trength of the end seam is reduced to half -the original within six months. Observations like -this have naturally created a need to take a closer look at the structure of the end seam. To make it easier to understand the present invention and the advantages it offers, it is necessary to explain the reasons why the seams currently used are inadequate in respect of dura-bility.
The seam is normally about 5-10 mm long. The seam is evenly Eormed and i-ts cross-section has the form of a straight line. If a pressure is created in the tube, the sides of the seam tend to be torn apart, because the seam strength is insufficent to prevent -this. With time, the above-mentioned aromatic substances corroding the seam also contribute to the tearing apart of the seam sides. The ren-t advances in an elliptical sectional form until a hole appears in the end seam of the tube.
OBJECrr OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to create a method for seaming the end of a plastic or laminated tube so that the seam will have a greater resistance to s-train. Another object of the inven-tion is to create an apparatus for applying the said me-thod.
According to -the present inven-tion, there is provided an apparatus for seaming open ends of filled tubes closed at their other end and made of plastic or of a laminated material made of alternate aluminum foil and plastic layers, said appara-tus comprising conveying means for moving the tubes continuously in a generally straight line direction and carrying -the tubes with the open ends upwards, a folding device and a seaming device, wherein said conveying means comprises means for positive guidance of the tubes between the conveying means and the folding device as well as between the folding device and the seaming device, and said conveying means, the folding device and the seaming device as well as the said means for positive guidance are arranged to convey the :~o ~
tubes through the whole apparatus at a substantially con-stant speed.
A preferable embodiment of the method of the invention is characterized in that the tube end is heated from both sides during seaming.
A preferable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the open end of the tube is first cut so as to give it an oblique form, in such manner that the side of the envelope towards which the end is to be folded is shorter than the other side, thus producing the effect that after the end has been folded, the fold will have an even end.
Another preferable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that, before folding, the open end of the tube is cut so as to give it an oblique form, in such manner that the side of the envelope towards which the end is to be folded is considerably shorter than the other side, producing the effec-t that, after the end has been folded and seamed, the outer surface of the fold will be joined to tha-t surface of the tube envelope which faces towards the fold.
A preferable embodiment of the apparatus of the inven-5 ~ 3 tion is characterized in that it comprises cooling and starnping devices arranged after the seaming device Another prel'erable embodiment of the apparatus of the invention is charac-terized in that the conveyor consists of a foam rubber belt and a conveyor belt.
A further preferable embodiment of the apparatus of the invention is characterized in that the folding device con-sists of two successive bending discs.
Thus, a seam produced according to the invention has the advantage that the cross-section of the tube end will always retain its straight line-like form and no tearing can take place, since the opposite sides of the tube envelope can not move apart. This is due to the fact that another seam will be formed outside the tube, between the fold and the tube sur-face. Therefore, the aromatics of the substance contained in t the tube can not get into the seam. A seam made acco.rding to the invention has a considerably be-tter resistance to strain than the known types of seam have, because its strength is equal to the tensile strength of -the laminated material it-self.
Another important advantage with the apparatus of the invention is that the whole seaming operation is accomplished while the tubes are moving along a continuous path in the same direction, involving no back-and-forth jerking movements.
3~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following, the invention is described in detail b~
the aid of examples of advantageous embodiment, reference being made to the drawings attached, wherein:
Fig. 1 presents a top view of the apparatus applying the method of the invention, partly sectioned.
Fig. 2 presents a section along the line II-II in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 presents a section along the line III-III in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 presents a section along -the line IV-IV in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 presents a section along the line V-V in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 presents a section along the line VI-VI in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 presents a section along the line VII-VII in fig. 1.
Fig. 8 presents a section along the line VIII-VIII in fig.
1.
Fig. 9 presents a section along the line IX-IX in fig. 1.
Fig. 10 present a sectional view of a known tube end seam.
7 ~ 3~3 Fig. 11 presents a sectional view of a tube end seam produ-ced by the method of the invention, using the appa-ratus applying this method.
Fig. 12 presents an advantageous embodiment of the inven-tion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIME~ITS
_, In figure 1, the apparatus applying the method of the inven-tion is shown in top view, partly sectioned. The apparatus incorporates foam rubber belts 1, with which -the tubes 2 are transpor-ted in an upright position with the open ends up-wards. At this stage, the tubes have already been filled with -the desired substances, such as -toothpaste or the like.
As the tubes get into the narrow space between the two oppo-sitely placed conveyor belts 3, the upper end of each tube is squeezed together, whereupon the tubes 2 are moved further by the conveyor belts 3 into a folding device con-sisting of two successive bending discs 4, 5. The first bending disc 4 bends the tube end to an angle of 90 rela-tive to the vertical plane, and the second bending disc 5 finishes the folding in the way shown in figure 6. On leav-ing the folding device, the tube 2 has an end bent double.
The tube is transported from the first bending disc to the second under positive guidance with the tube end in the 9 r-~
8 ~^~ ~ ~ ~
position shown in fig. 5. This prevents the oent end from beind straightened out. In a similar way, under positive guidance, the tube advances from the second bending disc ~
to a seamer consisting of two oppositely placed movable seaming belts 7 arranged so that they slide over the heaters 8 and squeeze the tube ends. To keep the seaming belts 7 steadily in place in the vertical direction, the seamer is provided with wires 9 embedde~ in the heaters 8 and attached to the seaming belts 7 e.g. by vulcanizing. The heaters 8 are provided with heating cartridges lO, from which the heat is conducted via the heaters and the belts to the folded tube end to be seamed. While the -tube end is heated, it is also tightly squeezed together by means of the seaming belts 7. The structure of the seams thus produced is explained in detail in connection with figures 11 and 12. According to the invention it is also possible to use the seamer with only one heater 8, in which case lt is best placed on that side to which the tube end is bent.
In addition, the apparatus may be provided with cooling and stamping discs ll, placed after the seamer. By means of the stamping disc, e.g. the manufacturing number may be printed on the seam.
Figure 10 shows a tube end with a seam produced by the met-hod most commonly used at present. In that method, the seam 12 is formed between the envelope sides 13 and 14. The seam is made by heating the tube end and squeezing the tube sides tightly together between cold squeezing jaws Figure 11 shows a -tube end seam produced by the method OI
the invention Before the seaming, the envelope 13~ 14 is a tube with a substantially round sectional form. According to the invention, the envelope is either all plastic or lamina-ted from alternate plastic and aluminium foils pla-ed one upon the other. The most advantageous plastic materials for the purpose are polyolefines, such as low-pressure and high--pressure polyethylene or polypropylene. In the tube shown in figures 11 and 12, the envelope is made of a laminated material having two aluminium foil layers 15. The number of aluminium foil layers used is arbitrary and in no way re-stricts the invention. An advan-tage is gained by cutting the end of the envelope into a slightly oblique form in such a way as to make the envelope shorter on the side to which the end is to be bent. This makes it possible to produce a seam with the ends of the envelope halves 13 and 14 flush. The seam 16 is created between the outer surface of the envelope half 13 and the inner surface of the fold. The seam 17 is created within the fold between the two envelope halves 13 and 14. If necessary, the tube end may also be heated from the other side to produce a seam between the envelope halves 13 and 14 before the fold. This is the case in the examples of embodiments presented in the figures. However, as fas as durability of the end seam is concerned, this is not necessary.
23~
In figures 10-12, for technical reasons and to irnprove the readability of the figures, the si~e of the seam has been greatly exaggerated. For instance, in figure 11 the dimen-sion L is about 4-5 mm and the dimension S about 1 mm. In the real proportions, the lower edge of the bend is not as round as implied by figures 11 and 12, but sharp.
Figure 12 shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention in which, prior to folding, the end of the envelope 13, 14 has been cut into an oblique form in such manner that, after folding and seaming, the ou-ter edge l9 of the envelope half 14 is joined to the outer surface of the envelope half 13.
This improves the appearance and further increases the dura-bility of the seamed end. Otherwise the structure of the tube end is the same as in the embodiment shown in figure 11, i.e. when hea-ted from both sides, the seams 16, 17, 18 are produced.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the inven-tion is not restricted to the examples of its embodiments presented above, but that it can be varied within the scope of -the following claims.
The present invention concerns an apparatus ~or seaming the end of a tube made of plastic or a laminated material consisting of plastic and aluminium foil layers, said tube being used as a container for the storage and application of e.g.
toothpaste or cosmetic substances.
At present, there are three known main types of tube used for the storage and application of toothpaste or cosmetic substances and the like. Formerly, a commonly used type of tube was made of light metal, notably aluminium. The end of the tube was usually seamed by making several folds at the tube end. However, a seam like this is no-t reliable enough, because the end seam of aluminium tubes is often liable to be damaged in use.
A widely used type of tube is the plastic tube, in which the envelope is made of an elastic plastic ma-terial. Such a tube has the advantage that its form remains unchanged in use.
Because of its unchanged'esthetic appearance, this type of tube is especially suitable for use as a container of women's cosmetics.
Another common type of tube currently used is the laminated tube, in which the envelope is made of a laminated rrlaterial consisting of alterna-te plastic and aluminium foil layers.
~nlike the all-plastic tube, due to the aluminium layers, the laminated tube is deformed in use. The plastic materials generally used in such tubes are polyolefines, such as high-pressure or low-pressure polyethylene or polypropylene. The end of a plastic or laminated tube is usually searned e.g. by heating the open end of the tube, substantially circular or elliptical in sectional form, until it becomes soft, and then squeezing the tube sides together, so that a seam is produced between them. The s-trength of a seam made in this way is equal to the tearing resistance of` the plastic foil seamed together on the inside of the tube. The strength of the seam is therefore insufficient, considering that the longitudinal seam of the tube envelope, if made by the newest manufacturing methods, will withstand Up to twice as rnuch pressure as the end seam can -tolera-te.
'~ith time, the end seam of the tube is weakened e.g. by corrosion caused by factors like the aromatic substances present in the product, such as toothpaste, contained in the tube. Tests have proved -that the s-trength of the end seam is reduced to half -the original within six months. Observations like -this have naturally created a need to take a closer look at the structure of the end seam. To make it easier to understand the present invention and the advantages it offers, it is necessary to explain the reasons why the seams currently used are inadequate in respect of dura-bility.
The seam is normally about 5-10 mm long. The seam is evenly Eormed and i-ts cross-section has the form of a straight line. If a pressure is created in the tube, the sides of the seam tend to be torn apart, because the seam strength is insufficent to prevent -this. With time, the above-mentioned aromatic substances corroding the seam also contribute to the tearing apart of the seam sides. The ren-t advances in an elliptical sectional form until a hole appears in the end seam of the tube.
OBJECrr OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to create a method for seaming the end of a plastic or laminated tube so that the seam will have a greater resistance to s-train. Another object of the inven-tion is to create an apparatus for applying the said me-thod.
According to -the present inven-tion, there is provided an apparatus for seaming open ends of filled tubes closed at their other end and made of plastic or of a laminated material made of alternate aluminum foil and plastic layers, said appara-tus comprising conveying means for moving the tubes continuously in a generally straight line direction and carrying -the tubes with the open ends upwards, a folding device and a seaming device, wherein said conveying means comprises means for positive guidance of the tubes between the conveying means and the folding device as well as between the folding device and the seaming device, and said conveying means, the folding device and the seaming device as well as the said means for positive guidance are arranged to convey the :~o ~
tubes through the whole apparatus at a substantially con-stant speed.
A preferable embodiment of the method of the invention is characterized in that the tube end is heated from both sides during seaming.
A preferable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the open end of the tube is first cut so as to give it an oblique form, in such manner that the side of the envelope towards which the end is to be folded is shorter than the other side, thus producing the effect that after the end has been folded, the fold will have an even end.
Another preferable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that, before folding, the open end of the tube is cut so as to give it an oblique form, in such manner that the side of the envelope towards which the end is to be folded is considerably shorter than the other side, producing the effec-t that, after the end has been folded and seamed, the outer surface of the fold will be joined to tha-t surface of the tube envelope which faces towards the fold.
A preferable embodiment of the apparatus of the inven-5 ~ 3 tion is characterized in that it comprises cooling and starnping devices arranged after the seaming device Another prel'erable embodiment of the apparatus of the invention is charac-terized in that the conveyor consists of a foam rubber belt and a conveyor belt.
A further preferable embodiment of the apparatus of the invention is characterized in that the folding device con-sists of two successive bending discs.
Thus, a seam produced according to the invention has the advantage that the cross-section of the tube end will always retain its straight line-like form and no tearing can take place, since the opposite sides of the tube envelope can not move apart. This is due to the fact that another seam will be formed outside the tube, between the fold and the tube sur-face. Therefore, the aromatics of the substance contained in t the tube can not get into the seam. A seam made acco.rding to the invention has a considerably be-tter resistance to strain than the known types of seam have, because its strength is equal to the tensile strength of -the laminated material it-self.
Another important advantage with the apparatus of the invention is that the whole seaming operation is accomplished while the tubes are moving along a continuous path in the same direction, involving no back-and-forth jerking movements.
3~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following, the invention is described in detail b~
the aid of examples of advantageous embodiment, reference being made to the drawings attached, wherein:
Fig. 1 presents a top view of the apparatus applying the method of the invention, partly sectioned.
Fig. 2 presents a section along the line II-II in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 presents a section along the line III-III in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 presents a section along -the line IV-IV in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 presents a section along the line V-V in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 presents a section along the line VI-VI in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 presents a section along the line VII-VII in fig. 1.
Fig. 8 presents a section along the line VIII-VIII in fig.
1.
Fig. 9 presents a section along the line IX-IX in fig. 1.
Fig. 10 present a sectional view of a known tube end seam.
7 ~ 3~3 Fig. 11 presents a sectional view of a tube end seam produ-ced by the method of the invention, using the appa-ratus applying this method.
Fig. 12 presents an advantageous embodiment of the inven-tion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIME~ITS
_, In figure 1, the apparatus applying the method of the inven-tion is shown in top view, partly sectioned. The apparatus incorporates foam rubber belts 1, with which -the tubes 2 are transpor-ted in an upright position with the open ends up-wards. At this stage, the tubes have already been filled with -the desired substances, such as -toothpaste or the like.
As the tubes get into the narrow space between the two oppo-sitely placed conveyor belts 3, the upper end of each tube is squeezed together, whereupon the tubes 2 are moved further by the conveyor belts 3 into a folding device con-sisting of two successive bending discs 4, 5. The first bending disc 4 bends the tube end to an angle of 90 rela-tive to the vertical plane, and the second bending disc 5 finishes the folding in the way shown in figure 6. On leav-ing the folding device, the tube 2 has an end bent double.
The tube is transported from the first bending disc to the second under positive guidance with the tube end in the 9 r-~
8 ~^~ ~ ~ ~
position shown in fig. 5. This prevents the oent end from beind straightened out. In a similar way, under positive guidance, the tube advances from the second bending disc ~
to a seamer consisting of two oppositely placed movable seaming belts 7 arranged so that they slide over the heaters 8 and squeeze the tube ends. To keep the seaming belts 7 steadily in place in the vertical direction, the seamer is provided with wires 9 embedde~ in the heaters 8 and attached to the seaming belts 7 e.g. by vulcanizing. The heaters 8 are provided with heating cartridges lO, from which the heat is conducted via the heaters and the belts to the folded tube end to be seamed. While the -tube end is heated, it is also tightly squeezed together by means of the seaming belts 7. The structure of the seams thus produced is explained in detail in connection with figures 11 and 12. According to the invention it is also possible to use the seamer with only one heater 8, in which case lt is best placed on that side to which the tube end is bent.
In addition, the apparatus may be provided with cooling and stamping discs ll, placed after the seamer. By means of the stamping disc, e.g. the manufacturing number may be printed on the seam.
Figure 10 shows a tube end with a seam produced by the met-hod most commonly used at present. In that method, the seam 12 is formed between the envelope sides 13 and 14. The seam is made by heating the tube end and squeezing the tube sides tightly together between cold squeezing jaws Figure 11 shows a -tube end seam produced by the method OI
the invention Before the seaming, the envelope 13~ 14 is a tube with a substantially round sectional form. According to the invention, the envelope is either all plastic or lamina-ted from alternate plastic and aluminium foils pla-ed one upon the other. The most advantageous plastic materials for the purpose are polyolefines, such as low-pressure and high--pressure polyethylene or polypropylene. In the tube shown in figures 11 and 12, the envelope is made of a laminated material having two aluminium foil layers 15. The number of aluminium foil layers used is arbitrary and in no way re-stricts the invention. An advan-tage is gained by cutting the end of the envelope into a slightly oblique form in such a way as to make the envelope shorter on the side to which the end is to be bent. This makes it possible to produce a seam with the ends of the envelope halves 13 and 14 flush. The seam 16 is created between the outer surface of the envelope half 13 and the inner surface of the fold. The seam 17 is created within the fold between the two envelope halves 13 and 14. If necessary, the tube end may also be heated from the other side to produce a seam between the envelope halves 13 and 14 before the fold. This is the case in the examples of embodiments presented in the figures. However, as fas as durability of the end seam is concerned, this is not necessary.
23~
In figures 10-12, for technical reasons and to irnprove the readability of the figures, the si~e of the seam has been greatly exaggerated. For instance, in figure 11 the dimen-sion L is about 4-5 mm and the dimension S about 1 mm. In the real proportions, the lower edge of the bend is not as round as implied by figures 11 and 12, but sharp.
Figure 12 shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention in which, prior to folding, the end of the envelope 13, 14 has been cut into an oblique form in such manner that, after folding and seaming, the ou-ter edge l9 of the envelope half 14 is joined to the outer surface of the envelope half 13.
This improves the appearance and further increases the dura-bility of the seamed end. Otherwise the structure of the tube end is the same as in the embodiment shown in figure 11, i.e. when hea-ted from both sides, the seams 16, 17, 18 are produced.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the inven-tion is not restricted to the examples of its embodiments presented above, but that it can be varied within the scope of -the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. Apparatus for seaming open ends of filled tubes closed at their other end and made of plastic or of a laminated material made of alternate aluminum foil and plastic layers, said apparatus comprising conveying means for moving the tubes continuously in a generally straight line direction and carrying the tubes with the open ends upwards, a folding device and a seaming device, wherein said conveying means comprises means for positive guidance of the tubes between the conveying means and the folding device as well as between the folding device and the seaming device, and said conveying means, the folding device and the seaming device as well as the said means for positive guidance are arranged to convey the tubes through the whole apparatus at a substantially con-stant speed.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveying means comprises two foam rubber belts and two conveyor belts, the open ends of the tubes being arranged to be squeezed flat between the conveyor belts.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the folding device comprises a first bending disc which bends the open end of each of said tubes by 90° to produce 90°
bent ends, said means for positive guidance conveys the tubes keeping their 90° bent ends in a 90° bent position, and a second bending disc which bends the 90° bent ends by a further 90°, so that each of said open ends is bent double through 180°.
bent ends, said means for positive guidance conveys the tubes keeping their 90° bent ends in a 90° bent position, and a second bending disc which bends the 90° bent ends by a further 90°, so that each of said open ends is bent double through 180°.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said means for positive guidance is arranged between the second bending disc and the seaming device and conveys the -tubes into the seaming device with the open ends of the tubes bent double.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the seaming device comprises oppositely placed movable seam-ing belts for compressing said open ends of the tubes bent double, and at least one heated provided with heat cartridges from which heat is conducted via at least one of the seaming belts to said open ends of the tubes bent double.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000520630A CA1262313A (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Method for seaming a tube end and an apparatus for applying the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000520630A CA1262313A (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Method for seaming a tube end and an apparatus for applying the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1262313A true CA1262313A (en) | 1989-10-17 |
Family
ID=4134157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000520630A Expired CA1262313A (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Method for seaming a tube end and an apparatus for applying the method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1262313A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2014444A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-14 | Milliken & Company | Three dimensional molded thermoplastic article |
-
1986
- 1986-10-16 CA CA000520630A patent/CA1262313A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2014444A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-14 | Milliken & Company | Three dimensional molded thermoplastic article |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |