CA1262058A - Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition - Google Patents
Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1262058A CA1262058A CA000495021A CA495021A CA1262058A CA 1262058 A CA1262058 A CA 1262058A CA 000495021 A CA000495021 A CA 000495021A CA 495021 A CA495021 A CA 495021A CA 1262058 A CA1262058 A CA 1262058A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- paraquat
- parts
- amount
- herbicidal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
CONTRADEGLUTITIOUS SOLID HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition comprising a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt and a thickening agent. This composition is difficult to swallow in its original form or even when diluted in a glass of water. The composition does not impair the inherent herbicidal effects and applicability of paraquat.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition comprising a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt and a thickening agent. This composition is difficult to swallow in its original form or even when diluted in a glass of water. The composition does not impair the inherent herbicidal effects and applicability of paraquat.
Description
~2ยข1~
CONTR DEG~UTITIOUS SOLID HERBICIDAL CO~OSITION
BAC:~G~OUND OF THE-INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention rela~es to a eontra~
deglutitious solid herbicidal eomposition (i.e., a herbieid21 composition nGt easy to swallow). More specifically, it relates to a contradeglutitious solid herbieidal composition containing, as a herbieidal agent, a l,l'-dimethyl-4,~'-bipyridylium salt (i.e., so-called "paraauat"), which is not easily swallowed even if sueh a paraquat solution is accidentally or intentionally drunk.
CONTR DEG~UTITIOUS SOLID HERBICIDAL CO~OSITION
BAC:~G~OUND OF THE-INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention rela~es to a eontra~
deglutitious solid herbicidal eomposition (i.e., a herbieid21 composition nGt easy to swallow). More specifically, it relates to a contradeglutitious solid herbieidal composition containing, as a herbieidal agent, a l,l'-dimethyl-4,~'-bipyridylium salt (i.e., so-called "paraauat"), which is not easily swallowed even if sueh a paraquat solution is accidentally or intentionally drunk.
2. Description of the Related Art The importanee of herbieides or pestieides in modern agrieulture is widely reeognized and many herbicides or pestieides are in practical use.
~erbicides or pesticides practically used must be registered, after being subjected to a severe examination including the toxicity and safety thereof based on-the laws and regulatlons concerned. ~ccordingly, as long as herbieides or pesticides are properly used according to instructions for use, they will not harm the human body in any way. However, the present status is such that toxic or poisonous aeeidents caused by a portion of herbieides or pestieid~s still oecur in spite of the fact that the proper handling of herbicides or pesticides and the preventing of injury thereby to the human body has been taught and the dangers of improper usage have been widely announeed for a lony time. In particular, a herbicide, paraquat, is widely used because of the strong herbieidal effect and e sy appllc2bility thereof, and cuite a large num~er o,^ toxie or poisonous accidents have been eaused by the aecidental or intontion21 drinking of paraquat despite clear indications of its toxicity. This is because paraquat has very strong acute toxicity and is commereially available in the lorm . . .
5~
of an aqueous solution having a relatively high concentration.
Paraquat is generally marketed as an about 20 to 30~ aqueous solution. When used, the raw paraquat solution is diluted 300 to 1500 times with water and the resultant diluted paraquat solution is generally sprayed as a weed-killer in an amoun-t of 100 to 150 liters per 10 are (i.e., 100m2). The oral acute toxicity of paraquat is an LD50 of 166 to 217 mg/kg (rat) and it is reported in "Kyukyu Igaku" 4(4), p399 (1980) that the lethal dose of paraquat for humans is approximately 15 ml of the 20~ aqueous solution.
On the other hand~ it is reported in "Gekkan Yakuji" 25(~), pl47 (1983) that an average amount drunk in one mouthful by an adult human is generally approximately 40 ml. This means that, if a commercially available paraquat solution is accidentally or intentionally drunk, a mouthful of -the paraquat solution is sufficient to be lethal to a human.
Various attempts have been made to prevent accidental toxic or poisonous injury caused by paraquat. For example, odorants or colorants are mixed into the paraquat solutions to prevent accidental drinking by giving it an unpleasant odor or color. However, this is not effective for infants or against intentional drinkingO Furthermore, the inclusion of nauseants in the paraquat solutions has been proposed, to rapidly remove the mistakenly drunk paraquat from the stomach and other digestive system prior to the absorbance of paraquat into the body therethrough. However, it is extremely unfortunate that, at present, once paraquat is swallowed, a reliable and effective curing or treatment method is not available, although this depends upon the amount swallowed, even if the paraquat is vomited at an early stage.
Consequently, although various attempts have been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, an appropriate and effective means has not, as yet, been '"' '' ~:
,. ' ~2~i2i~5~
found. In order to prevent toxic or poisonous accidents caused by the oral intake of paraquat, it is thought that the concentration of commercially available paraquat should be decreased so that a lethal amount is not reached unless a relatively large amount of a paraquat solution is drunk. However, this causes disaAvantages in the transportation and storage of paraquat solutions and also impairs the inherent easy handling characteristics of paraquat. On the other hand, it is considered that, when paraquat is marketed in the form of a solid instead of an aqueous solution, the paraquat becomes difficult to drink, toxic or poisonous injuries caused by the accidential intake oE paraquat can be prevented, and furthermore, the transportation and storage thereof are convenient.
However 7 since paraquat is completely soluble in water, an aqueous solution containing a lethal amount of paraquat is easily prepared from such solid paraquat with a mouthful of water, it would be difficult to prevent to take the poison with suicidal intent.
SUMMARY_OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, a feature of preferred embodiments of the present invention are to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of paraquat and to provide a contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition capable of effectively preventing the occurrence of accidents or injuries from acute poisoning caused by an accidental or intentional intake o~ paraquat, without impairing the essential characteristics, e.g.
strong herbicidal effects and easy applicability, of paraquat.
In accordance with one aspect oE the present invention, there is provided a contradeylutitious solid herbicidal composition comprising a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt in a solid form and a 5~3 - 3a -thickening agent.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composi-tion comprising l,l'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt, and a thickening agent, the bipyridylium salt being present in an amount of from about 5% to about ~0~ by weight, the content oE the thickening agent in the composition being such that the composition becomes substantially non-viscous upon the addition of an approximately equal amount to about 10 times the amount of water based on the composition, the composition becoming an easily sprayable, low viscosity liquid upon the addition of at least 750 times the amount of water based on the composition.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for making a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt non-swallowable comprising combining the bipyridylium salt into a composition having from about 5% to about ~0% by weight oE the 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt together with a thickening agent, the bipyridyli~m salt being present in a substantially solid state, the amount of the thickening agent being such that the composition becomes a non-swallowable non-viscous liquid or gel upon the addition of approximately an equal amount to 10 times the amount of water based on the composition, the composition becoming an easily sprayable low viscosity liquid upon the addition of at least 750 times the amount of water based on the composition.
.,. ,1:
:
.,. ~ .
.
~' :
2fC~5~
According -to the present invention, since the herbicidal composition is in a solid :Erom and contains a thickening agent, it is difficult to swallow in the solid form itself and, if an amount of the composition corresponding to the lethal dose to human beings is dissolved in a glass of water/ only a non-fluidizable course, the present solid herbicidal composition can be changed to an aqueous solution by diluting the composition with a large amount of water.
However, since the paraquat concen-tration of this diluted solution is very low, a lethal amount cannot be ingested unless a remarkably large amount of the diluted solution is drunk.
This is practica:Lly difficult and the effects of nauseants can be utilized to decrease the likelihood of death from such ingestion. Furthermore, since the presen-t solid herbicidal composition can be s-tored and transported in glass and plastic vessels9 and since the p.resent solid herbicidal composition can be used on-site by diluting with water, -there is no substantial difference between -the present solid herbicidal composition and conventional commercially available paraquat solutions in the transportation~ handling, and applicability thereof. When diluting the present solid herbicidal composition with a large amount of water for use on-site, the present solid herbicidal composition becomes a low viscosity solution suitable for spraying.
Furthermore, the solid herbicidal composition according to the presen-t invention may optionally contain, in addition to the essential paraquat and -thickening agen-t, various conven-tional ingredients such as colorants, odorants, and nauseants, to further improve the safety thereof In addition, surfactants and other herbicidal ac-tive components also can be included in -the present herbicidal composition to improve the herbicidal effects and the applicability of the herbicidal composition.
The paraquat usable in the present herbicidal composition is preEerably in the form of a solid. Accordingly, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bi.pyridylium salts (e.g., dichloride, dibromide, and bismethylsulfate or the complex salts with, for example, manganese, iron, urea, thiourea, p-aminophenol, catechol) in the form of crystals can be directly mixed with the thickening agen-t. ~owever, -the indus-trially or commercially available paraquat solutions also can be used in the preparation o:E the present solid herbicidal composition by adding a water-absorbing inorganic fine powder to form an apparently water-free flui.dizable solid paraquat. Any water-absorbing inorganic fine powder can be used for this purpose so long as the herbicidal effects of the paraquat and -the characteristics of the thickening agen-ts are not adversely affected. Examples of such water-absorbing inorganic fine powders are white carbon, diatomaceous earth, finely divided calcium silicate~ perlite, calcined kaoline, and zeolite.
These can be used alone or in any mixture thereof. There are no critical limi-tations to the addition amount of the water-absorbing inorganic fine powder, as long as the paraquat solution can be solidified. For example, in the case of whi-te carbon, the powder can be mixed in an equal amount to 10 times the amoun-t of the water contained in the aqueous paraquat solution.
There are no critical limita-tions to the paraquat concentration of the present solid herbicidal composi-tions. However, when the paraquat concentration is too low, only a small dilution ratio of -the composi-tion with wa-ter is required to obtained the desired concentration when spraying on-site and, therefore, spraying tends to become difficult from the standpoint of both the viscosity and the spraying amount, and the efficiency of the transportation and storage also tends to be decreased. On the other hand, when the paraquat concen-tration in the present herbicidal composition is too ., .
;2 [D58 high, the above mentioned problems do not arise but the all~owable safety range tends to become small ~ror, the point of vie~ ol pre-~nting the posslble occurrence of to~ic or poisonous accidents.
For these reasons, the practlcally pre erable concen-tration range or the paraauat in the present herbicidal compositions is from about 5~ by weight to 40% by weisht.
The thickening agents usable in the present inven-tion are those which are capable of increasing the viscosity or forming the gel with the addition of a relatively small amount (e.g., 300 ml or less) o~ water to the solid herbicidal composition at an ambient temperature in a short period of time. There are no speci~ic limitations to the types of the thickening agents as long as the above-mentioned requirements are fulfilled. Various natural and synthetic thickening agents can be used in the present invention. Typical examples of such thickening agents are alginic acid salts, propylene glycol alginates; carrageenan, guar gum, modified guar gum, xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose salts, methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, pectine, locust bean gum, carboxymethyl starch salts, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid salts, and polyacryl amide. These thicXening agents may be used alone or in any mixture thereof. Furthermore, various conventional acids or salts also may be used in the present herbicidal compositions to further improve the gellation or thickening characteristics of the present solid herbicidal composition. The addltion of inorganic salts to the present herbicidal composition can further improve the yellation properties or the present herblcidal compositions.
There are no definite concentrations o the thickening agents in the present herbicidal compositions since the concentrations largely depend upon tne type or 2~
thickQning agent and the concentration of the paraquat component. As one prac_i c21 measure, the thlckening agent can be used ~n-an amount such that the herbicidal compositions causes gellation at a paraquat component concentration of 5~ by weight or more when the herbicidal composition according to the present invention is diluted with water. That is, when -the paraquat concen-tration of the present solid herbicidal is 5~ to 40~ by weight, the thic~ening agent can be added in an amount such that all of the composition becomes a high viscous liquid or gel that cannot be easily swallowed when the present herbicidal compositions is diluted with an equal amount or water, in the case of a paraquat concentration of 5%, to 10 times the amount of water in the case of a paraquat concentration of 40%.
The solid herbicidal composition according to the present invention may further contain, as an optional component, conventional colorants, odorants, nauseants, and the like to improve the safety of the paraquat herbicide as well as surfactants and other herbicidal active components to improve -the herbicidal eflects.
However, it should be noted that these optional com~
ponents should be added in such an amount that the herbicidal effects and the other characteristics of the present composition are not adversely affected.
EXAMPLES
The present invention will be further explained by, but is by no means limited, to the ~ollowing Examples and Test Examples. In the Examples, "parts" and "~" are all by weight unless otherwise specified.
Examples 1 to 7 Paraquat wettable powders were prepared by uni ormly mixing and grinding solid ?ara~uat components and other ingredients in tre following formulction ratios:
(l) Paraquat dichloride 25 parts Sodium carboxymethyl-starch 75 parts (PRIMOJEL ~ : Matsutani Kagaku Kogyo .
.. ~ .... .
Co., Ltd.) (2) Paraquat dichloride 25 parts Guar g~m ~ 35 parts (El~lCO GUM -' CSA 200/50: Meyhall Chemical A.G.) Borax 20 parts White carbon 20 parts (CARPL~ 80: Shionogi & Co., Ltd., hereinafter "white carbon")
~erbicides or pesticides practically used must be registered, after being subjected to a severe examination including the toxicity and safety thereof based on-the laws and regulatlons concerned. ~ccordingly, as long as herbieides or pesticides are properly used according to instructions for use, they will not harm the human body in any way. However, the present status is such that toxic or poisonous aeeidents caused by a portion of herbieides or pestieid~s still oecur in spite of the fact that the proper handling of herbicides or pesticides and the preventing of injury thereby to the human body has been taught and the dangers of improper usage have been widely announeed for a lony time. In particular, a herbicide, paraquat, is widely used because of the strong herbieidal effect and e sy appllc2bility thereof, and cuite a large num~er o,^ toxie or poisonous accidents have been eaused by the aecidental or intontion21 drinking of paraquat despite clear indications of its toxicity. This is because paraquat has very strong acute toxicity and is commereially available in the lorm . . .
5~
of an aqueous solution having a relatively high concentration.
Paraquat is generally marketed as an about 20 to 30~ aqueous solution. When used, the raw paraquat solution is diluted 300 to 1500 times with water and the resultant diluted paraquat solution is generally sprayed as a weed-killer in an amoun-t of 100 to 150 liters per 10 are (i.e., 100m2). The oral acute toxicity of paraquat is an LD50 of 166 to 217 mg/kg (rat) and it is reported in "Kyukyu Igaku" 4(4), p399 (1980) that the lethal dose of paraquat for humans is approximately 15 ml of the 20~ aqueous solution.
On the other hand~ it is reported in "Gekkan Yakuji" 25(~), pl47 (1983) that an average amount drunk in one mouthful by an adult human is generally approximately 40 ml. This means that, if a commercially available paraquat solution is accidentally or intentionally drunk, a mouthful of -the paraquat solution is sufficient to be lethal to a human.
Various attempts have been made to prevent accidental toxic or poisonous injury caused by paraquat. For example, odorants or colorants are mixed into the paraquat solutions to prevent accidental drinking by giving it an unpleasant odor or color. However, this is not effective for infants or against intentional drinkingO Furthermore, the inclusion of nauseants in the paraquat solutions has been proposed, to rapidly remove the mistakenly drunk paraquat from the stomach and other digestive system prior to the absorbance of paraquat into the body therethrough. However, it is extremely unfortunate that, at present, once paraquat is swallowed, a reliable and effective curing or treatment method is not available, although this depends upon the amount swallowed, even if the paraquat is vomited at an early stage.
Consequently, although various attempts have been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, an appropriate and effective means has not, as yet, been '"' '' ~:
,. ' ~2~i2i~5~
found. In order to prevent toxic or poisonous accidents caused by the oral intake of paraquat, it is thought that the concentration of commercially available paraquat should be decreased so that a lethal amount is not reached unless a relatively large amount of a paraquat solution is drunk. However, this causes disaAvantages in the transportation and storage of paraquat solutions and also impairs the inherent easy handling characteristics of paraquat. On the other hand, it is considered that, when paraquat is marketed in the form of a solid instead of an aqueous solution, the paraquat becomes difficult to drink, toxic or poisonous injuries caused by the accidential intake oE paraquat can be prevented, and furthermore, the transportation and storage thereof are convenient.
However 7 since paraquat is completely soluble in water, an aqueous solution containing a lethal amount of paraquat is easily prepared from such solid paraquat with a mouthful of water, it would be difficult to prevent to take the poison with suicidal intent.
SUMMARY_OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, a feature of preferred embodiments of the present invention are to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of paraquat and to provide a contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition capable of effectively preventing the occurrence of accidents or injuries from acute poisoning caused by an accidental or intentional intake o~ paraquat, without impairing the essential characteristics, e.g.
strong herbicidal effects and easy applicability, of paraquat.
In accordance with one aspect oE the present invention, there is provided a contradeylutitious solid herbicidal composition comprising a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt in a solid form and a 5~3 - 3a -thickening agent.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composi-tion comprising l,l'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt, and a thickening agent, the bipyridylium salt being present in an amount of from about 5% to about ~0~ by weight, the content oE the thickening agent in the composition being such that the composition becomes substantially non-viscous upon the addition of an approximately equal amount to about 10 times the amount of water based on the composition, the composition becoming an easily sprayable, low viscosity liquid upon the addition of at least 750 times the amount of water based on the composition.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for making a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt non-swallowable comprising combining the bipyridylium salt into a composition having from about 5% to about ~0% by weight oE the 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt together with a thickening agent, the bipyridyli~m salt being present in a substantially solid state, the amount of the thickening agent being such that the composition becomes a non-swallowable non-viscous liquid or gel upon the addition of approximately an equal amount to 10 times the amount of water based on the composition, the composition becoming an easily sprayable low viscosity liquid upon the addition of at least 750 times the amount of water based on the composition.
.,. ,1:
:
.,. ~ .
.
~' :
2fC~5~
According -to the present invention, since the herbicidal composition is in a solid :Erom and contains a thickening agent, it is difficult to swallow in the solid form itself and, if an amount of the composition corresponding to the lethal dose to human beings is dissolved in a glass of water/ only a non-fluidizable course, the present solid herbicidal composition can be changed to an aqueous solution by diluting the composition with a large amount of water.
However, since the paraquat concen-tration of this diluted solution is very low, a lethal amount cannot be ingested unless a remarkably large amount of the diluted solution is drunk.
This is practica:Lly difficult and the effects of nauseants can be utilized to decrease the likelihood of death from such ingestion. Furthermore, since the presen-t solid herbicidal composition can be s-tored and transported in glass and plastic vessels9 and since the p.resent solid herbicidal composition can be used on-site by diluting with water, -there is no substantial difference between -the present solid herbicidal composition and conventional commercially available paraquat solutions in the transportation~ handling, and applicability thereof. When diluting the present solid herbicidal composition with a large amount of water for use on-site, the present solid herbicidal composition becomes a low viscosity solution suitable for spraying.
Furthermore, the solid herbicidal composition according to the presen-t invention may optionally contain, in addition to the essential paraquat and -thickening agen-t, various conven-tional ingredients such as colorants, odorants, and nauseants, to further improve the safety thereof In addition, surfactants and other herbicidal ac-tive components also can be included in -the present herbicidal composition to improve the herbicidal effects and the applicability of the herbicidal composition.
The paraquat usable in the present herbicidal composition is preEerably in the form of a solid. Accordingly, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bi.pyridylium salts (e.g., dichloride, dibromide, and bismethylsulfate or the complex salts with, for example, manganese, iron, urea, thiourea, p-aminophenol, catechol) in the form of crystals can be directly mixed with the thickening agen-t. ~owever, -the indus-trially or commercially available paraquat solutions also can be used in the preparation o:E the present solid herbicidal composition by adding a water-absorbing inorganic fine powder to form an apparently water-free flui.dizable solid paraquat. Any water-absorbing inorganic fine powder can be used for this purpose so long as the herbicidal effects of the paraquat and -the characteristics of the thickening agen-ts are not adversely affected. Examples of such water-absorbing inorganic fine powders are white carbon, diatomaceous earth, finely divided calcium silicate~ perlite, calcined kaoline, and zeolite.
These can be used alone or in any mixture thereof. There are no critical limi-tations to the addition amount of the water-absorbing inorganic fine powder, as long as the paraquat solution can be solidified. For example, in the case of whi-te carbon, the powder can be mixed in an equal amount to 10 times the amoun-t of the water contained in the aqueous paraquat solution.
There are no critical limita-tions to the paraquat concentration of the present solid herbicidal composi-tions. However, when the paraquat concentration is too low, only a small dilution ratio of -the composi-tion with wa-ter is required to obtained the desired concentration when spraying on-site and, therefore, spraying tends to become difficult from the standpoint of both the viscosity and the spraying amount, and the efficiency of the transportation and storage also tends to be decreased. On the other hand, when the paraquat concen-tration in the present herbicidal composition is too ., .
;2 [D58 high, the above mentioned problems do not arise but the all~owable safety range tends to become small ~ror, the point of vie~ ol pre-~nting the posslble occurrence of to~ic or poisonous accidents.
For these reasons, the practlcally pre erable concen-tration range or the paraauat in the present herbicidal compositions is from about 5~ by weight to 40% by weisht.
The thickening agents usable in the present inven-tion are those which are capable of increasing the viscosity or forming the gel with the addition of a relatively small amount (e.g., 300 ml or less) o~ water to the solid herbicidal composition at an ambient temperature in a short period of time. There are no speci~ic limitations to the types of the thickening agents as long as the above-mentioned requirements are fulfilled. Various natural and synthetic thickening agents can be used in the present invention. Typical examples of such thickening agents are alginic acid salts, propylene glycol alginates; carrageenan, guar gum, modified guar gum, xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose salts, methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, pectine, locust bean gum, carboxymethyl starch salts, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid salts, and polyacryl amide. These thicXening agents may be used alone or in any mixture thereof. Furthermore, various conventional acids or salts also may be used in the present herbicidal compositions to further improve the gellation or thickening characteristics of the present solid herbicidal composition. The addltion of inorganic salts to the present herbicidal composition can further improve the yellation properties or the present herblcidal compositions.
There are no definite concentrations o the thickening agents in the present herbicidal compositions since the concentrations largely depend upon tne type or 2~
thickQning agent and the concentration of the paraquat component. As one prac_i c21 measure, the thlckening agent can be used ~n-an amount such that the herbicidal compositions causes gellation at a paraquat component concentration of 5~ by weight or more when the herbicidal composition according to the present invention is diluted with water. That is, when -the paraquat concen-tration of the present solid herbicidal is 5~ to 40~ by weight, the thic~ening agent can be added in an amount such that all of the composition becomes a high viscous liquid or gel that cannot be easily swallowed when the present herbicidal compositions is diluted with an equal amount or water, in the case of a paraquat concentration of 5%, to 10 times the amount of water in the case of a paraquat concentration of 40%.
The solid herbicidal composition according to the present invention may further contain, as an optional component, conventional colorants, odorants, nauseants, and the like to improve the safety of the paraquat herbicide as well as surfactants and other herbicidal active components to improve -the herbicidal eflects.
However, it should be noted that these optional com~
ponents should be added in such an amount that the herbicidal effects and the other characteristics of the present composition are not adversely affected.
EXAMPLES
The present invention will be further explained by, but is by no means limited, to the ~ollowing Examples and Test Examples. In the Examples, "parts" and "~" are all by weight unless otherwise specified.
Examples 1 to 7 Paraquat wettable powders were prepared by uni ormly mixing and grinding solid ?ara~uat components and other ingredients in tre following formulction ratios:
(l) Paraquat dichloride 25 parts Sodium carboxymethyl-starch 75 parts (PRIMOJEL ~ : Matsutani Kagaku Kogyo .
.. ~ .... .
Co., Ltd.) (2) Paraquat dichloride 25 parts Guar g~m ~ 35 parts (El~lCO GUM -' CSA 200/50: Meyhall Chemical A.G.) Borax 20 parts White carbon 20 parts (CARPL~ 80: Shionogi & Co., Ltd., hereinafter "white carbon")
(3) Paraquat dichloride 15 parts Pullulan 60 parts (PULLULAN ~ PF30: Hayashibara Seibutsukagaku Kenkyusho K.IC.) White carbon 20 parts Surfactant (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) S parts
(4) Paraquat dichloride 15 parts Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 60 parts (Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-90: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) White carbon20 parts Surfactant5 parts (Polyoxyethylene higher aliphatic alcohol ether)
(5) Paraquat dichloride 15 parts Carboxymetl~l starch 60 parts tSolvitose - C-5: Matsutani Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) White carbon20 parts Surractant5 parts (Polyoxyethylene alkylamine)
(6) Paraquat dichloride 25 parts ~.
~anthan gu.l~ 20 parts (KELZ~N ~ : Kelco Division of MercX, - "Xantham gum" hereinbe'ow) White carbon 30 parts Surfactant 5 par_s (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) ~oaming agent malic acid l0 parts sodium bicarbonatel0 parts
~anthan gu.l~ 20 parts (KELZ~N ~ : Kelco Division of MercX, - "Xantham gum" hereinbe'ow) White carbon 30 parts Surfactant 5 par_s (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) ~oaming agent malic acid l0 parts sodium bicarbonatel0 parts
(7) Paraquat dimethylsulfate 30 parts Xanthan gum 40 parts White carbon 25 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether~
Paraquat wettable powders were prepared by uniformly mixi~g and grinding a concentrated paraquat solution ~i.e., aqueous solution containing 37~ by weight of para~uat dichloride) and other ingredients in the following formulation ratios:
Paraquat wettable powders were prepared by uniformly mixi~g and grinding a concentrated paraquat solution ~i.e., aqueous solution containing 37~ by weight of para~uat dichloride) and other ingredients in the following formulation ratios:
(8) Concentrated paraquat solution 27 parts Sodium alginate 45 parts (KELGIN ~ : Kelco Division or MercX1 White carbon 23 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether)
(9) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Propylene glycol alginate 20 par~s (KIMIROID ~ : Kimitsu Kagaku Kogyo K.K) White carbon 35 parts Surractant 5 parts (Polyo,~yethylene nonylphenyl ether) (l0) Concentrated paraquat solu-tio~
2, parts Carraseenan 45 parts (TA~ARAG~.N``- G50: Takagen ~ Corporation) Wnite carbon 23 parts Sur-actant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (11) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Guar gum 15 parts (EMCO GUM ~ CSA 200/50) White carbon 35 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) Nauseant 1 part (Emetine hydrochloride) Odorant 4 parts (~-Phenethyl alcohol) (12) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Modified guar gum 15 parts (JAGUAR!~ HP-8: Meyhall Chemical AG) White carbon 35 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) Nauseant 1 part (Tartar emetic) ~-Phenethyl alcohol4 parts (13) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Xanthan gum 15 parts (KELZAN) White carbon 30 parts Surfactan. 5 parts (Pol~oxyethyiene nonylphenyl ether) Anhydrous sodium sulfate 10 parts (14) Concentrated paraquat solution 2, parts , .. ..
;
..
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 45 parts (SUNROS~ - SN 20TC: Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.) White carbon 23 parts Surfactant 4 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (15) Concentrated paraquat solution 50 parts Methyl cellulose 10 parts (MAPOROSE ~ M-10000: Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku K.K.) White carbon 36 parts Surfactant 4 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) tl6) Concentrated paraquat solution 20 parts Sodium car~oxymethyl starch 57 parts (PRIMOJEL ) White carbon 18 parts Surfactant 5 parts IPolyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (17) Concentrated paraquat solution 27 parts Polyvinyl alcohol 45 parts (PVA 117S: Kuraray Co., Ltd.) White carbon 23 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (18) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Polyacrylamide 24 parts (VISCOI~ATE`~ NS: Showa ~enko K.K.) White carbon 31 par s Surfactant 5 parts IPolyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (19) Concentrated paraquat solu-tion . . .
"
, ~- ' ~$~5~
27 par_s Pectin ~5 parts (G~ U P~-CTI~ BB R~PID SrT; the Copenhacen Pectin Factory Ltd.) Wnite carbon 23 parts Sur actant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (20) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Xanthan gum 14 parts (KELZAN ~ ) Locust bean gum 10 parts (MEYPRODYN ~ : Meyhall Chemical AG) White carbon 31 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (21) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Xanthan gum 18 parts ~KELZAN ~ ) Diatomaceous earth 37 parts (RADIOLITE: Showa Kagaku K.X.) Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) Example 22 The rollowing ingredients were dissolved in water.
Paraquat dichloride30 parts Guar gum 30 parts (EMCO GIJM ~ CSA 200/50) White carbon 23 parts (CARPLEX ~ ~80) Surractant 7 parts (Polyoxyethyle-e nonyl?henyl ether) Sodium sul~ate i0 parts The resultant solution was granulated by a spray dryer to obtain a granular paraquat wettable powder.
Examples_23 to 25 .~
5~3 Paraqua. wet~able powders having the ~ollowing com?ositions were prepared by uniformlv mixing and srinding concentrated ~a~ueous paraquat solution and the other ingredients.
(23) Paraquat dichlorlde 35 parts Guar gum 23 parts (EMCO GUM ~ CSA ~00/50) White carbon 42 parts (24) Paraquat dichloride 35 parts Carrageenan 23 parts (TAKARAGEM: Takagen Corporation) White carbon 42 parts (25) Paraquat dichloride 35 parts Xanthan ~um 23 parts (KELZAN `rR! ) White carbon 42 parts Test Exam~le 1 A 30 g amount of the solid composition prepared in Example l was mixed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mixture having a paraquat concen-tration or 5~. The mixture became pasty shortl~ after the water was added. Thus, a pasty mixture, which is difficult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g of the effective component was included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicidal compositlon thus obtained was sprayed under pressure to foliage (or stems and leaves) of crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lambsquarter, pigweed, and barnyard millet, grown in test pots, by using a pressure type atomizer in such an amount that 50 g of the active component per 10 are was ap?lied. Prior to the spraying, a conventional nonionic type spreading agent was added to the herbicidal com-position.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spraynozzle of the atomizer occurred. When the her~icidal i26~i;8 efrecl;s were compared with those of commercially available paraquat solution 5 days after the t~eatment~
no substantial dif~_rence was observed.
Tes, Exam~le 2 S A 50 g amount or the solid com~osition prepared in ExamDle ll was mi~ed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mix.ure having a paraquat concentration of 5%. The mixture became pasty shortly after the water was added. Thus, a pas~y mixture, which is difricult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g of the effective component is included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicidal composition thus obtained was sprayed under pressure onto the foliage of crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lar~squarter, pigweed, and barnyard millet grown in test pots, by using a pressure type a-tomizer in such an amount that 50 g of the active component per 10 are was applied~
Prior to the spraying, a conventional nonionic type spreading agent was added to the herbicidal composition.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spray nozzle of the atomizer occurred. ~hen the herbicidal effects were compared with those of a commercially available paraquat solution 5 days after the treatment, no substantial difference was observed.
Test Example 3 A 50 g amount of the solid composition prepared Example 13 was mixed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mixture having a paraquat concentration of 5~. The mixture became pasty shortly after the water was added. Thus, a pasty mixture, which is difflcult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g or the eflective component was included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicldal composition ~%~
- lS -thus obtained was sprayed under pressure onto the foliage o~ crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lambsquart~r, pigweed, and barnyard millet grown in test pots, by using a pressure tvpe atomizer in such an amount that 50 g or the active component per 10 are was applied.
Prior to the spra-ying, a conventional nonionic type spreading agent was added to the herbicidal composition.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spray nozzle of the atomizer occurred. When the herbicidal or weeding effects were compared with those of a commercially available paraquat solution 5 days after the treatment, no substantial difference was observed.
Test Example 4 A 40 g amount of the solid composition prepared in Example lS was mixed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mi~ture having a paraquat concentration of 5%. The mixture became pasty shortly after the water was added. Thus, pasty mixture, which is difficult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g or the efrective component was included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicidal composition thus obtained was sprayed under pressure onto the foliage of crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lambsquarter, pigweed, and barnyard millet grown ln test pots, by using a pressure type atomizer in such an amount that 50 g of the active component per 10 are was applied.
Prior to the spraving, a conventional nonionic type spreadiny agent was added to the herbicidal composition.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spray nozzle of the atomizer occurred. When herbicidal effects were com?ar2d with those o_ a commercially available paraquat solution 5 days arter the treatment, no substantial dirference was observed.
Test E~ample S
The herbicidal effects of the paraquat wet~able ,. .~ . .
po~de-s obta r.ed in F~_mples 23 to 25 were evaluated in an agricultural rleld. As Reference Examples, a 2~
aq~eous paraquat solution and a 32gi bialaphos liuid agent were used~ The weeds used for the test were crabgrass having a height or 25 to 30 cm, smart-~eed havlng a height or 50 cm, cormon lambsquarter having a height or 50 cm, and plgweed havlng a height or~ 25 cm.
The area in each test was l.S m x 2 m (i.e., 3 m2). The diluted herbicidal compositlon samples containing 0.3% of a surfactant were sprayed by using a pressure type spray atomizer at an active component amount of 0.5 or l kg A.I. (i.e., active ingredient)/ha and at a spxaying water amount of 1000 Q/ha.
Six days after the spraying, the herbicidal erfects were observed according to the following standard 0 ... No effect lO0 ... Complete kill The results are as shown in Table 1. As is clear from the results shown in Table l, since the grass height at the time of the treatment is relatively large, complete kiling was not obtained at a rate of 0.5 kg A.I./ha. However, in the case of 1.0 kg A.I./ha, good results were obtained and there was no substantial difference between the compositions of Examples 23 and 25 and the conventlonal paraquat solution.
,, . . .~ .
s~
~ ~ oo~o~:oou~oc~o o co~o~o~oa~o~
o ~
~ r~ o o o o o o u~ o o o o ~ r~ o v ~ ooou~ o o .. ~ a a~ o~
~v `~0 ~ o u~ Ln co o o o ~ o ~ o ~ ~ u~ o ~ o ~ o u- o o'~ o ~i o ~i o ~i o ~i I
z ~
. ~ ~ ~ $
2, parts Carraseenan 45 parts (TA~ARAG~.N``- G50: Takagen ~ Corporation) Wnite carbon 23 parts Sur-actant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (11) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Guar gum 15 parts (EMCO GUM ~ CSA 200/50) White carbon 35 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) Nauseant 1 part (Emetine hydrochloride) Odorant 4 parts (~-Phenethyl alcohol) (12) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Modified guar gum 15 parts (JAGUAR!~ HP-8: Meyhall Chemical AG) White carbon 35 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) Nauseant 1 part (Tartar emetic) ~-Phenethyl alcohol4 parts (13) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Xanthan gum 15 parts (KELZAN) White carbon 30 parts Surfactan. 5 parts (Pol~oxyethyiene nonylphenyl ether) Anhydrous sodium sulfate 10 parts (14) Concentrated paraquat solution 2, parts , .. ..
;
..
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 45 parts (SUNROS~ - SN 20TC: Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.) White carbon 23 parts Surfactant 4 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (15) Concentrated paraquat solution 50 parts Methyl cellulose 10 parts (MAPOROSE ~ M-10000: Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku K.K.) White carbon 36 parts Surfactant 4 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) tl6) Concentrated paraquat solution 20 parts Sodium car~oxymethyl starch 57 parts (PRIMOJEL ) White carbon 18 parts Surfactant 5 parts IPolyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (17) Concentrated paraquat solution 27 parts Polyvinyl alcohol 45 parts (PVA 117S: Kuraray Co., Ltd.) White carbon 23 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (18) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Polyacrylamide 24 parts (VISCOI~ATE`~ NS: Showa ~enko K.K.) White carbon 31 par s Surfactant 5 parts IPolyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (19) Concentrated paraquat solu-tion . . .
"
, ~- ' ~$~5~
27 par_s Pectin ~5 parts (G~ U P~-CTI~ BB R~PID SrT; the Copenhacen Pectin Factory Ltd.) Wnite carbon 23 parts Sur actant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (20) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Xanthan gum 14 parts (KELZAN ~ ) Locust bean gum 10 parts (MEYPRODYN ~ : Meyhall Chemical AG) White carbon 31 parts Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) (21) Concentrated paraquat solution 40 parts Xanthan gum 18 parts ~KELZAN ~ ) Diatomaceous earth 37 parts (RADIOLITE: Showa Kagaku K.X.) Surfactant 5 parts (Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) Example 22 The rollowing ingredients were dissolved in water.
Paraquat dichloride30 parts Guar gum 30 parts (EMCO GIJM ~ CSA 200/50) White carbon 23 parts (CARPLEX ~ ~80) Surractant 7 parts (Polyoxyethyle-e nonyl?henyl ether) Sodium sul~ate i0 parts The resultant solution was granulated by a spray dryer to obtain a granular paraquat wettable powder.
Examples_23 to 25 .~
5~3 Paraqua. wet~able powders having the ~ollowing com?ositions were prepared by uniformlv mixing and srinding concentrated ~a~ueous paraquat solution and the other ingredients.
(23) Paraquat dichlorlde 35 parts Guar gum 23 parts (EMCO GUM ~ CSA ~00/50) White carbon 42 parts (24) Paraquat dichloride 35 parts Carrageenan 23 parts (TAKARAGEM: Takagen Corporation) White carbon 42 parts (25) Paraquat dichloride 35 parts Xanthan ~um 23 parts (KELZAN `rR! ) White carbon 42 parts Test Exam~le 1 A 30 g amount of the solid composition prepared in Example l was mixed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mixture having a paraquat concen-tration or 5~. The mixture became pasty shortl~ after the water was added. Thus, a pasty mixture, which is difficult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g of the effective component was included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicidal compositlon thus obtained was sprayed under pressure to foliage (or stems and leaves) of crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lambsquarter, pigweed, and barnyard millet, grown in test pots, by using a pressure type atomizer in such an amount that 50 g of the active component per 10 are was ap?lied. Prior to the spraying, a conventional nonionic type spreading agent was added to the herbicidal com-position.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spraynozzle of the atomizer occurred. When the her~icidal i26~i;8 efrecl;s were compared with those of commercially available paraquat solution 5 days after the t~eatment~
no substantial dif~_rence was observed.
Tes, Exam~le 2 S A 50 g amount or the solid com~osition prepared in ExamDle ll was mi~ed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mix.ure having a paraquat concentration of 5%. The mixture became pasty shortly after the water was added. Thus, a pas~y mixture, which is difricult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g of the effective component is included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicidal composition thus obtained was sprayed under pressure onto the foliage of crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lar~squarter, pigweed, and barnyard millet grown in test pots, by using a pressure type a-tomizer in such an amount that 50 g of the active component per 10 are was applied~
Prior to the spraying, a conventional nonionic type spreading agent was added to the herbicidal composition.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spray nozzle of the atomizer occurred. ~hen the herbicidal effects were compared with those of a commercially available paraquat solution 5 days after the treatment, no substantial difference was observed.
Test Example 3 A 50 g amount of the solid composition prepared Example 13 was mixed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mixture having a paraquat concentration of 5~. The mixture became pasty shortly after the water was added. Thus, a pasty mixture, which is difflcult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g or the eflective component was included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicldal composition ~%~
- lS -thus obtained was sprayed under pressure onto the foliage o~ crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lambsquart~r, pigweed, and barnyard millet grown in test pots, by using a pressure tvpe atomizer in such an amount that 50 g or the active component per 10 are was applied.
Prior to the spra-ying, a conventional nonionic type spreading agent was added to the herbicidal composition.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spray nozzle of the atomizer occurred. When the herbicidal or weeding effects were compared with those of a commercially available paraquat solution 5 days after the treatment, no substantial difference was observed.
Test Example 4 A 40 g amount of the solid composition prepared in Example lS was mixed with 150 ml of water while stirring so as to obtain a mi~ture having a paraquat concentration of 5%. The mixture became pasty shortly after the water was added. Thus, pasty mixture, which is difficult to be swallowed, was obtained.
The resultant pasty paraquat composition was then diluted with water in such a ratio that 50 g or the efrective component was included in 150 liters of the diluted composition. The diluted herbicidal composition thus obtained was sprayed under pressure onto the foliage of crabgrass, purple nutsedge, common lambsquarter, pigweed, and barnyard millet grown ln test pots, by using a pressure type atomizer in such an amount that 50 g of the active component per 10 are was applied.
Prior to the spraving, a conventional nonionic type spreadiny agent was added to the herbicidal composition.
During the spraying, no clogging in the spray nozzle of the atomizer occurred. When herbicidal effects were com?ar2d with those o_ a commercially available paraquat solution 5 days arter the treatment, no substantial dirference was observed.
Test E~ample S
The herbicidal effects of the paraquat wet~able ,. .~ . .
po~de-s obta r.ed in F~_mples 23 to 25 were evaluated in an agricultural rleld. As Reference Examples, a 2~
aq~eous paraquat solution and a 32gi bialaphos liuid agent were used~ The weeds used for the test were crabgrass having a height or 25 to 30 cm, smart-~eed havlng a height or 50 cm, cormon lambsquarter having a height or 50 cm, and plgweed havlng a height or~ 25 cm.
The area in each test was l.S m x 2 m (i.e., 3 m2). The diluted herbicidal compositlon samples containing 0.3% of a surfactant were sprayed by using a pressure type spray atomizer at an active component amount of 0.5 or l kg A.I. (i.e., active ingredient)/ha and at a spxaying water amount of 1000 Q/ha.
Six days after the spraying, the herbicidal erfects were observed according to the following standard 0 ... No effect lO0 ... Complete kill The results are as shown in Table 1. As is clear from the results shown in Table l, since the grass height at the time of the treatment is relatively large, complete kiling was not obtained at a rate of 0.5 kg A.I./ha. However, in the case of 1.0 kg A.I./ha, good results were obtained and there was no substantial difference between the compositions of Examples 23 and 25 and the conventlonal paraquat solution.
,, . . .~ .
s~
~ ~ oo~o~:oou~oc~o o co~o~o~oa~o~
o ~
~ r~ o o o o o o u~ o o o o ~ r~ o v ~ ooou~ o o .. ~ a a~ o~
~v `~0 ~ o u~ Ln co o o o ~ o ~ o ~ ~ u~ o ~ o ~ o u- o o'~ o ~i o ~i o ~i o ~i I
z ~
. ~ ~ ~ $
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS
FOLLOWS:
1. A contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition comprising 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt, and a thickening agent, said bipyridylium salt being present in an amount of from about 5% to about 40% by weight, the content of the thickening agent in the composition being such that the composition becomes substantially non-viscous upon the addition of an approximately equal amount to about 10 times the amount of water based on the composition, said composition becoming an easily sprayable, low viscosity liquid upon the addition of at least 750 times the amount of water based on the composition.
2. A herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a water absorbable inorganic fine powder capable of converting an aqueous 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium solution into a solid form.
3. A herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water absorbable inorganic fine powder is at least one member selected from the group consisting of white carbon, diatomaceous earth, finely divided calcium silicate, perlite, calcined kaoline, and zeolite.
4. A herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thickening agent is at least one agent selected from the group consisting of carrageenan, guar gum, modified guar gum, xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose salts, methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, pectine, locust beam gum, carboxymethyl starch salts, pulluian, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid salts, and polyacryl amide.
5. A method for making a 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt non-swallowable comprising combining said bipyridylium salt into a composition having from about 5% to about 40% by weight of said 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium salt together with a thickening agent, said bipyridylium salt being present in a substantially solid state, the amount of said thickening agent being such that the composition becomes a non-swallowable non-viscous liquid or gel upon the addition of approximately an equal amount to 10 times the amount of water based on the composition, said composition becoming an easily sprayable low viscosity liquid upon the addition of at least 750 times the amount of water based on the composition.
6. A herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 4 wherein said composition further comprises a surfactant and a nauseant.
7. A method as claimed in claim 5, including adding to the composition a water absorbable inorganic fine powder capable of converting an aqueous 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium solution into a solid form.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said water absorbable inorganic fine powder added to the composition is at least one member selected from the group consisting of white carbon, diatomaceous earth, finely divided calcium silicate, perlite, calcined kaoline, and zeolite.
9. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said thickening agent is at least one agent selected from the group consisting of carrageenan, guar gum, modified guar gum, xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose salts, methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, pectine, locust beam gum, carboxymethyl starch salts, pulluian, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid salts, and polyacryl amide.
10. A method as claimed in claim 5, 7 or 9 including adding to said composition a surfactant and a nauseant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA495021A CA1262058C (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA495021A CA1262058C (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1262058A true CA1262058A (en) | 1989-10-03 |
| CA1262058C CA1262058C (en) | 1989-10-03 |
Family
ID=4131852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA495021A Expired CA1262058C (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1262058C (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-11-12 CA CA495021A patent/CA1262058C/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1262058C (en) | 1989-10-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2664095B2 (en) | Mixed carboxylic acid sanitizer | |
| IE65502B1 (en) | Disinfecting compositions | |
| JPH10506393A (en) | Disinfectant composition | |
| CN102388863B (en) | Water-soluble ointment containing aquacade dibromo salt | |
| CA2064157A1 (en) | Sprayable agricultural compositions | |
| US4764206A (en) | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition | |
| AU715481B2 (en) | A film-forming preparation for protection against infections | |
| AU729747B2 (en) | Preservative composition comprising iodopropynyl butyl carbamate and phenoxyethanol | |
| CA1262058A (en) | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition | |
| WO1991010364A1 (en) | Utter or teat care substance with mastitis preventing effect | |
| CA2164958C (en) | Dry, water-soluble powder, substituted heterocyclic acid or substituted phenol herbicidal compositions, and method of preparing same | |
| GB2181350A (en) | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition | |
| US5508249A (en) | Wetting agent concentrate for agricultural chemicals | |
| AU588009B2 (en) | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition | |
| KR0180547B1 (en) | Herbicidal compositions | |
| WO1999034809A1 (en) | Solid iodophor preparations and process for producing the same | |
| NZ214167A (en) | Contradeglutitious solid herbicidal composition | |
| US4868213A (en) | Disinfectant and cleansing compositions | |
| EP1535515A1 (en) | Copper preparation for controlling plant disease | |
| GB2182245A (en) | Disinfectant composition | |
| US4767786A (en) | Disinfectant and cleansing composition | |
| US4285968A (en) | Pesticidal concentrate with stabilizing agent | |
| KR970701991A (en) | Novel Pesticide Compositions and Mothod of Preparation | |
| JPS6178704A (en) | Hardly swallowable pesticide composition | |
| KR930019108A (en) | Defoamer for solid crop protector |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 19991004 |