CA1261147A - Containers for molten metal - Google Patents
Containers for molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- CA1261147A CA1261147A CA000493541A CA493541A CA1261147A CA 1261147 A CA1261147 A CA 1261147A CA 000493541 A CA000493541 A CA 000493541A CA 493541 A CA493541 A CA 493541A CA 1261147 A CA1261147 A CA 1261147A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- container
- molten metal
- permanent
- sheets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
- F27B2014/104—Crucible linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
- F27B2014/106—Ladles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
CONTAINERS FOR MOLTEN METAL
Containers for molten metal having a permanent refractory lining and a molten metal contacting inner lining have in at least one place, separating the permanent and inner linings a layer substantially consisting of heat-carbonisable sheet material. The sheet material carbonises during use to yield a carbonaceous parting layer which facilitates removal of skull and the inner lining without damage to the permanent lining.
CONTAINERS FOR MOLTEN METAL
Containers for molten metal having a permanent refractory lining and a molten metal contacting inner lining have in at least one place, separating the permanent and inner linings a layer substantially consisting of heat-carbonisable sheet material. The sheet material carbonises during use to yield a carbonaceous parting layer which facilitates removal of skull and the inner lining without damage to the permanent lining.
Description
4~7 CONTAINERS FOR MDLTEN METAL
. __ The invention concerns the lining of containers for molten metal.
Containers for molten metal commonly comprise a metal casing lined with re-fractory brickworl< or a monolithic refractory lining and this lining is often termed the permanent lining. The permanent lining is subject to damage and is expensive and time-consuming to repair or replace. In particular, after use, a residue (skull) of solidified molten metal and slag may adhere to the lining, and require removal before re-use of the container, and may be difficult to remove and its removal may damage the lining.
In view of the above problems, it has been proposed to protect the perrnanent lining by an inner layer or layers, which may also serve other purposes.
In particular U.K. patent specification 1477632, published 22 June, 1977, discloses application of two layers over the permanent lining. The first layer is a parting layer comprising particulate carbonaceous material, e.g. coke dust,and is free or substantially free of ~ 2 - FS 1313 permanent binding agent. The first layer may be applied as a liquid or paste composition by, for example, spraying or trowelling. The second;i.e. inner, layer is of bonded particulate refractory material and may be applied by, for example, trowelling on a coating composition. The combination of the two layers protects the permanent lining and in particular enables clean stripping of skull e.g. from a tundish without damage to the permanent lining. The layers are re-applied before each re-use of the container.
According to the present invention, in one aspect, there is provided a container for molten metal, the container having a permanent lining on which there is a parting layer of heat carbonisable material and a second layer of refractory heat insulating material to be con~acted by the ~olten metal _aracterised in that the parting layer comprises one or more sheets of heat carbon isable material, each from O.l mm to 2 mm thick, the sheet or sheets being held to the adjacent permanent lining irrespective of any irregularities on the surface thereof and in that the second layer comprises a set of refractory heat insulating slabs.
In another aspect, the present invention resides in a method of treating a container for molten metal, the con-tainer having a permanent refractory lining, so that after the metal has been received and removed from the container - 2a - S 1313 the container may be lined for reuse, the method com-prising applying a parting layer of heat carbonisable material followed by a layer of bonded particulate refractory material characterised in that (i) the parting layer comprises one or more sheets each from 0.1 mm to 2 mm thick which are held to the permanent lining irrespective of any irregularity in the surface thereof, and (ii) the second layer comprises a set of refractory heat insulating slabs which define an inner lining to contact the molten metal.
When the container contains molten metal, suff-icient heat is conducted from the metal through the inner lining to the sheet material to carbonise the latter to yield a carbonaceous residue. Alternatively, the inner lining may be pre-heated before molten metal in intro-duced into the container and pre-heating may suffice to carbonise the sheet material to yield a carbonaceous residue. The carbonaceous residue provides a valuable :`
parting layer facilitating removal of skull and the inner lining and without damage to the permanent lining.
The heat-carbonisable sheet material may be, for example, newsprir,tJ kraft paper, cardboard (e.g.
laminated corrugated cardboard), wallpaper, hessian, straw matting or woven polyethylene or polypropylene.
The heat-carbonisable sheet material is flex-ible and this is of value in positioning it as desired, especially if the permanent lining has irregularities at its surface e.g. cavities or areas of adhering ex-traneous matter. Moreover suitable sheet materials are availabl0 as large pieces and caneasily be cut to size.
Accordingly the layer of heat-carbonisable sheet mater-ial can be provided quickly and easily. To hold the sheet material against the permanent lining before the inner lining is applied, clips or an adhesive can be used if desired, for example at places where the perma-nent lining is generally upright and if the sheet mater-ial is very flexible e.g. newsprint rather than less flexible e.g. cardboard. In the case of newsprint even water will provide sufficient adhesion and in general a variety of widely available inexpensive adhesives e.g. starch-based ones are suitable.
~2 ~
If the sheet material used is thin,e,g. news-print,it may be desirable to use a number of pieces of it superimposed to form the layer whereas with thicker sheet materials,e.g. cardboard,a single thickness may suffice. Preferably the thickness of the layer is from 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
In containers for molten metal having an inner lining and a permanent lining, the tendency for the inner lining (with adhering skull~ to become fused to the perma-nent lining may only be significant at certain parts of the container. For example, in the case of tundishes the above tendency for fusion to occur is most marked at the floor of the tundish and at the slag line i,e. the usual level of slag on the top surface of the molten metal in the tundish. Accordingly~ in a container according to the invention the heat-carbonisable sheet material may be provided only at those places where there is a signifi-cant risk of the inner lining becoming fused to the perma-nent lining.
The inner lining keeps the carbonaceous residue in place to serve its eventual function as a parting layer. The inner lining and the carbonaceous residue also protect the permanent lining from attack by molten metal and slag in the container.
The inner lining may be provided by a set of slabs o-F refractory heat-insulat-lng material as described in relation to tundishes in U~K. patent specification 1364665. In accordance with the invention it is however sometimes preferred that the inner lining should be of a unitary construction, preferably formed in situ. The inner lining may be formed by applying a refractory, coating composition and this may be done, for example, by trowelling but it is preferred to apply the composition by spraying.
Coating compositions for forming the inner lining are prefsrably bassd on one or more particulats rsfractory matsrials and an inorganic binding agsnt.
Examplss of suitabls particulats rsfractory materials include silica, chamotte, olivine, sillimanite, zircon, magnesia, alumina and zirconia. ~xamplss of suitabls inorganic binding agents include silicates, phosphates and aluminates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, colloidal oxide hydrosols and clays. In order to enhancs ths initial strsngth or cohssion o-~ ths applisd coating composition a proportion3prsferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, of fibre may be included in the composition. Ths fibres may also ssrve to enhancs the heat-insulation providsd by the composition. It ls usually preferrsd that ths inner lining should be heat-insulating. The fibre content may be organic ~ 7 and/or inorganic and an example of organic fibre is chopped straw whilst an example of an inorganic fibre is glass fibre. Organic binder may also be present in the composition.
The thickness of the inner lining is prefer-ably from 10 to 50 mm.
If the inner lining is provided by use of a coating composition containing a significant proportion of moisture or a binder that requires heating to harden, the composition after application can be heated to drive off moisture or harden the binder.
If the inner lining is provided by pre-formed articles,e.g~ slabs~ when the container is in use or during any pre-heatingJ certain constituents of the lining,e.g. soda,may tend to migrate to the back of the lining under the influence of the heat and, in the ab-sence of the parting layer cause the inner lining to adhere to the permanent lining. Likewise, in the case of an inner lining provided by a coating composition any water-soluble binder,e.g. sodium silicate,in the compo-sition may tend to migrate to the back of the lining dur-ing use or any pre-heating. In such cases the parting layer present in accordance with the invention is part-icularly valuable.
The invention ls of particular value where the container is a tundish but it is also of use in the case of other containers for molten metal e.g. ladles.
The invention is particularly useful in the case of con-tainers for molten ferrous metals e.g. steel.
The method of lining the container forms a part oF the invention.
An example of a container according to the in-vention is a tundish (for use in the continuous casting of steel) having an outer, metal shell, a monolithic permanent lining of cast refractory material adjacent the shell, a parting layer overlying the permanent lining and provided by laminated corrugated cardboard ~thickness about 1.5 mm) on the floor of the tundish and a number of layers ~total thickness about 0.2 mm) of newsprint on the walls of the tundish, and, overlying the parting layer, a layer applied by spraying a composition of part-iculate refractory material and inorganic binder.
. __ The invention concerns the lining of containers for molten metal.
Containers for molten metal commonly comprise a metal casing lined with re-fractory brickworl< or a monolithic refractory lining and this lining is often termed the permanent lining. The permanent lining is subject to damage and is expensive and time-consuming to repair or replace. In particular, after use, a residue (skull) of solidified molten metal and slag may adhere to the lining, and require removal before re-use of the container, and may be difficult to remove and its removal may damage the lining.
In view of the above problems, it has been proposed to protect the perrnanent lining by an inner layer or layers, which may also serve other purposes.
In particular U.K. patent specification 1477632, published 22 June, 1977, discloses application of two layers over the permanent lining. The first layer is a parting layer comprising particulate carbonaceous material, e.g. coke dust,and is free or substantially free of ~ 2 - FS 1313 permanent binding agent. The first layer may be applied as a liquid or paste composition by, for example, spraying or trowelling. The second;i.e. inner, layer is of bonded particulate refractory material and may be applied by, for example, trowelling on a coating composition. The combination of the two layers protects the permanent lining and in particular enables clean stripping of skull e.g. from a tundish without damage to the permanent lining. The layers are re-applied before each re-use of the container.
According to the present invention, in one aspect, there is provided a container for molten metal, the container having a permanent lining on which there is a parting layer of heat carbonisable material and a second layer of refractory heat insulating material to be con~acted by the ~olten metal _aracterised in that the parting layer comprises one or more sheets of heat carbon isable material, each from O.l mm to 2 mm thick, the sheet or sheets being held to the adjacent permanent lining irrespective of any irregularities on the surface thereof and in that the second layer comprises a set of refractory heat insulating slabs.
In another aspect, the present invention resides in a method of treating a container for molten metal, the con-tainer having a permanent refractory lining, so that after the metal has been received and removed from the container - 2a - S 1313 the container may be lined for reuse, the method com-prising applying a parting layer of heat carbonisable material followed by a layer of bonded particulate refractory material characterised in that (i) the parting layer comprises one or more sheets each from 0.1 mm to 2 mm thick which are held to the permanent lining irrespective of any irregularity in the surface thereof, and (ii) the second layer comprises a set of refractory heat insulating slabs which define an inner lining to contact the molten metal.
When the container contains molten metal, suff-icient heat is conducted from the metal through the inner lining to the sheet material to carbonise the latter to yield a carbonaceous residue. Alternatively, the inner lining may be pre-heated before molten metal in intro-duced into the container and pre-heating may suffice to carbonise the sheet material to yield a carbonaceous residue. The carbonaceous residue provides a valuable :`
parting layer facilitating removal of skull and the inner lining and without damage to the permanent lining.
The heat-carbonisable sheet material may be, for example, newsprir,tJ kraft paper, cardboard (e.g.
laminated corrugated cardboard), wallpaper, hessian, straw matting or woven polyethylene or polypropylene.
The heat-carbonisable sheet material is flex-ible and this is of value in positioning it as desired, especially if the permanent lining has irregularities at its surface e.g. cavities or areas of adhering ex-traneous matter. Moreover suitable sheet materials are availabl0 as large pieces and caneasily be cut to size.
Accordingly the layer of heat-carbonisable sheet mater-ial can be provided quickly and easily. To hold the sheet material against the permanent lining before the inner lining is applied, clips or an adhesive can be used if desired, for example at places where the perma-nent lining is generally upright and if the sheet mater-ial is very flexible e.g. newsprint rather than less flexible e.g. cardboard. In the case of newsprint even water will provide sufficient adhesion and in general a variety of widely available inexpensive adhesives e.g. starch-based ones are suitable.
~2 ~
If the sheet material used is thin,e,g. news-print,it may be desirable to use a number of pieces of it superimposed to form the layer whereas with thicker sheet materials,e.g. cardboard,a single thickness may suffice. Preferably the thickness of the layer is from 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
In containers for molten metal having an inner lining and a permanent lining, the tendency for the inner lining (with adhering skull~ to become fused to the perma-nent lining may only be significant at certain parts of the container. For example, in the case of tundishes the above tendency for fusion to occur is most marked at the floor of the tundish and at the slag line i,e. the usual level of slag on the top surface of the molten metal in the tundish. Accordingly~ in a container according to the invention the heat-carbonisable sheet material may be provided only at those places where there is a signifi-cant risk of the inner lining becoming fused to the perma-nent lining.
The inner lining keeps the carbonaceous residue in place to serve its eventual function as a parting layer. The inner lining and the carbonaceous residue also protect the permanent lining from attack by molten metal and slag in the container.
The inner lining may be provided by a set of slabs o-F refractory heat-insulat-lng material as described in relation to tundishes in U~K. patent specification 1364665. In accordance with the invention it is however sometimes preferred that the inner lining should be of a unitary construction, preferably formed in situ. The inner lining may be formed by applying a refractory, coating composition and this may be done, for example, by trowelling but it is preferred to apply the composition by spraying.
Coating compositions for forming the inner lining are prefsrably bassd on one or more particulats rsfractory matsrials and an inorganic binding agsnt.
Examplss of suitabls particulats rsfractory materials include silica, chamotte, olivine, sillimanite, zircon, magnesia, alumina and zirconia. ~xamplss of suitabls inorganic binding agents include silicates, phosphates and aluminates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, colloidal oxide hydrosols and clays. In order to enhancs ths initial strsngth or cohssion o-~ ths applisd coating composition a proportion3prsferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, of fibre may be included in the composition. Ths fibres may also ssrve to enhancs the heat-insulation providsd by the composition. It ls usually preferrsd that ths inner lining should be heat-insulating. The fibre content may be organic ~ 7 and/or inorganic and an example of organic fibre is chopped straw whilst an example of an inorganic fibre is glass fibre. Organic binder may also be present in the composition.
The thickness of the inner lining is prefer-ably from 10 to 50 mm.
If the inner lining is provided by use of a coating composition containing a significant proportion of moisture or a binder that requires heating to harden, the composition after application can be heated to drive off moisture or harden the binder.
If the inner lining is provided by pre-formed articles,e.g~ slabs~ when the container is in use or during any pre-heatingJ certain constituents of the lining,e.g. soda,may tend to migrate to the back of the lining under the influence of the heat and, in the ab-sence of the parting layer cause the inner lining to adhere to the permanent lining. Likewise, in the case of an inner lining provided by a coating composition any water-soluble binder,e.g. sodium silicate,in the compo-sition may tend to migrate to the back of the lining dur-ing use or any pre-heating. In such cases the parting layer present in accordance with the invention is part-icularly valuable.
The invention ls of particular value where the container is a tundish but it is also of use in the case of other containers for molten metal e.g. ladles.
The invention is particularly useful in the case of con-tainers for molten ferrous metals e.g. steel.
The method of lining the container forms a part oF the invention.
An example of a container according to the in-vention is a tundish (for use in the continuous casting of steel) having an outer, metal shell, a monolithic permanent lining of cast refractory material adjacent the shell, a parting layer overlying the permanent lining and provided by laminated corrugated cardboard ~thickness about 1.5 mm) on the floor of the tundish and a number of layers ~total thickness about 0.2 mm) of newsprint on the walls of the tundish, and, overlying the parting layer, a layer applied by spraying a composition of part-iculate refractory material and inorganic binder.
Claims (6)
1. A container for molten metal, the container having a permanent lining on which there is a parting layer of heat carbonisable material and a second layer of refractory heat insulating material to be contacted by the molten metal characterised in that the parting layer comprises one or more sheets of heat carbonisable material, each from 0.1 mm to 2 mm thick, the sheet or sheets being held to the adjacent permanent lining irrespective of any irregularities on the surface thereof and in that the second layer comprises a set of refractory heat insulating slabs.
2. A container according to Claim 1 characterised in that the sheet or sheets is/are held to the permanent lining by clips or adhesive.
3. A container according to Claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the sheet or sheets is/are formed of newsprint, Kraft paper, cardboard, wallpaper, hessian, straw matting, woven polyethylene or polypropylene.
4. A method of treating a container for molten metal, the container having a permanent refractory lining, so that after the metal has been received and removed from the container the container may be lined for reuse, the method comprising applying a parting layer of heat carbonisable material followed by a layer of bonded particulate refractory material characterised in that (i) the parting layer comprises one or more sheets each from 0.1 mm to 2 mm thick which are held to the permanent lining irrespective of any irregularity in the surface thereof, and (ii) the second layer comprises a set of refractory heat insulating slabs which define an inner lining to contact the molten metal.
5. A method according to Claim 4 characterised in that the sheet or sheets is/are held to the permanent lining by clips or adhesive.
6. A method according to claim 4 or claim 5 characterised in that the sheet or sheets is/are formed of newsprint, Kraft paper, cardboard, wallpaper, hessian, straw matting, woven polyethylene or polypropylene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB848427711A GB8427711D0 (en) | 1984-11-01 | 1984-11-01 | Containers for molten metal |
| GB8427711 | 1984-11-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1261147A true CA1261147A (en) | 1989-09-26 |
Family
ID=10569124
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000493541A Expired CA1261147A (en) | 1984-11-01 | 1985-10-22 | Containers for molten metal |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0180388B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61119371A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE48962T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU576910B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1261147A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3574942D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8701559A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8427711D0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA858177B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62292254A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-18 | Harima Refract Co Ltd | Lining construction for molten metal vessel |
| GB9018205D0 (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1990-10-03 | Foseco Int | Lining of metallurgical vessels |
| JP6168026B2 (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-07-26 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Molten metal container |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1477632A (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1977-06-22 | Foseco Int | Containers for molten metal |
| GB1585180A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1981-02-25 | Foseco Trading Ag | Lining slabs for containers for molten metal |
| FR2393637A1 (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1979-01-05 | Daussan & Co | Tundish for continuous casting - using consumable inner lining of refractory with an exothermic mixt. |
| DE3301112C2 (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1985-11-21 | Micheal Donald Ellwood City Pa. Labate | Blast furnace trough or intermediate container for molten metal |
-
1984
- 1984-11-01 GB GB848427711A patent/GB8427711D0/en active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-10-18 AT AT85307558T patent/ATE48962T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-18 EP EP85307558A patent/EP0180388B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-18 DE DE8585307558T patent/DE3574942D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-10-22 CA CA000493541A patent/CA1261147A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-23 AU AU49001/85A patent/AU576910B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-10-24 ZA ZA858177A patent/ZA858177B/en unknown
- 1985-10-30 JP JP60243787A patent/JPS61119371A/en active Pending
- 1985-10-31 ES ES548437A patent/ES8701559A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU576910B2 (en) | 1988-09-08 |
| GB8427711D0 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| ZA858177B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| EP0180388A3 (en) | 1987-05-13 |
| ES548437A0 (en) | 1986-12-01 |
| ES8701559A1 (en) | 1986-12-01 |
| EP0180388A2 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| EP0180388B1 (en) | 1989-12-27 |
| JPS61119371A (en) | 1986-06-06 |
| ATE48962T1 (en) | 1990-01-15 |
| DE3574942D1 (en) | 1990-02-01 |
| AU4900185A (en) | 1986-05-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |