CA1260665A - Log joint and machine for forming log joint - Google Patents
Log joint and machine for forming log jointInfo
- Publication number
- CA1260665A CA1260665A CA000574151A CA574151A CA1260665A CA 1260665 A CA1260665 A CA 1260665A CA 000574151 A CA000574151 A CA 000574151A CA 574151 A CA574151 A CA 574151A CA 1260665 A CA1260665 A CA 1260665A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- log
- logs
- drilling
- joint
- slots
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 95
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001423398 Ruscus hypoglossum Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000763859 Dyckia brevifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
- E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
- E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
- E04B2/702—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D47/00—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with circular saw blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D47/04—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with circular saw blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of devices for feeding, positioning, clamping, or rotating work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/0007—Perforation of photographic films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
- B27C3/00—Drilling machines or drilling devices; Equipment therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/002—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected at their ends
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/0066—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by tongue and groove or tap hole connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B3/00—Key-type connections; Keys
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Log joints and a machine for cutting and drilling logs to provide log joints is disclosed herein. In a tongue and groove log joint a seal seating channel is formed in the base of the longitudinal groove and a resiliently flexible seal is seated in the seal seating channel. A slot may also be cut in the base to accommodate a reinforcing metal rod. In a but joint in which a second log underlies the butting logs a seat is formed in the edge of the second log in alignment with the locking slots of the but joint to receive an end of the locking pin. The seat cooperates with the end of the locking pin to lock the locking pin against longitudinal movement with respect to the second log. In a small construction in which adjoining walls are made from logs and wherein the ends of the logs of the adjoining walls are connected by an overlapping tenon joint a structure for sealing the first and second vertically extending interfaces between the side faces of each tenon and the end face of the log of the other wall which it faces is provided. The structure includes a first pair of elongated tubular cavities arranged one on each side of the first interface and a second pair of elongated tubular cavities arranged one on each side of the second interface. The cavities of each pair open into one another along their respective interfaces and increase in cross sectional area in a direction away from their respective interfaces. A tie member is provided for each pair of
Log joints and a machine for cutting and drilling logs to provide log joints is disclosed herein. In a tongue and groove log joint a seal seating channel is formed in the base of the longitudinal groove and a resiliently flexible seal is seated in the seal seating channel. A slot may also be cut in the base to accommodate a reinforcing metal rod. In a but joint in which a second log underlies the butting logs a seat is formed in the edge of the second log in alignment with the locking slots of the but joint to receive an end of the locking pin. The seat cooperates with the end of the locking pin to lock the locking pin against longitudinal movement with respect to the second log. In a small construction in which adjoining walls are made from logs and wherein the ends of the logs of the adjoining walls are connected by an overlapping tenon joint a structure for sealing the first and second vertically extending interfaces between the side faces of each tenon and the end face of the log of the other wall which it faces is provided. The structure includes a first pair of elongated tubular cavities arranged one on each side of the first interface and a second pair of elongated tubular cavities arranged one on each side of the second interface. The cavities of each pair open into one another along their respective interfaces and increase in cross sectional area in a direction away from their respective interfaces. A tie member is provided for each pair of
Description
~Z6~6~5 This invention relates to logs for use in the construction of walls for a building or the like and an apparatus for pre-drilling loas.
Buildings of the type which are generally known as "log cabins" have a substantial aesthetic appeal and can be conveniently prefabricated for ease of assembly in use.
Difficulty has, however, lon~ been experienced in attempting to maintain airtiqht joints between the logs. It is difficult to machine a log to tight tolerances and consequently, it is di~ficult to obtain a tiaht seal at the various interfaces ~ormed between adjoining logs. In addition, with age, logs tend to shrink and this shrinkaqe causes separation at the ~arious interfaces and this can result in difficulties in attempting to maintain a seal at the critical interfaces.
In order to obtain a seal at the interface between logs it is customary to caulk the joints. Again, the caulkinq tends to loosen as the logs shrink with the result that regular periodic replacement of caulkina is reauired in order to maintain a reauired seal.
The dif~iculties which have been encountered in attemptinq to obtain an effective seal at an interface between logs are compounded when attemr~inq to obtain such a seal at the corners of a building in which the logs are shaped to provide tenons such as those used to rrovide a dovetail corner joint or a lap corner joint~ In these ioints, there are two interfaces ~$
` ~26~6~i';a :
arranged at right angles with respect to one another. Generally, the mechanical locking arrangement provided by these interlocking tenons has been considered to provide a more effective seal than that which is normally established between the side edges of the logs and conseguently, it is generally considered that conventional caulking is all that is required in this area.
Difficulty has also been experienced in attempting to obtain an effective seal between logs which are connected in an edge to edge relationship by means of a tongue and groove joint.
The tongue and groove joint is commonly used along the edge of a long log. Because of uneven shrinkage during the aging of a log, there is a danger of a portion of the tongue and groove joint becoming unseated and as a result, it is difficult to maintain an effective seal at the joint. In addition, when a double tongue and groove profile is used along the edges of a log, the channel which is formed between the tongues can act as a reservoir for retaining any water which might seep into the joint and if this water is subsequently frozen, the expansion caused by the formation of the ice can force the logs apart at the joint and thereby further reduce the effectiveness of the seal formed between the joints.
A further difficulty which is experienced in log cabin construction is that the buildings do not provide the same degree of security as is available from a break belting because it is possible to gain entry to the building simply by sawing through the logs.
~6~66~
In addition, difficulty has been experienced in attempting to accurately pre-drill large logs to facilitate the mounting of locking keys. Various different standard sizes of logs are used in log cabin construction and no simple and effective form of drilling machine is available for the purposes of accurately drilling logs at any one of a number of predetermined drilling positions.
Summa~y of Invention According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine for trimming and drilling logs to form walking passageways comprising a drilling platform for supporting a log thereon during trimming and drilling, stop means extending along a irst edge of said drilling platEorm in a first datum plane, clamp means mounted or movement toward and away rom stop means for releasably clamping a log against said stop means, a notch extending inwardly of said platforms from said one edge along which a saw blade may pass to trim a log which i6 clamped on said drilling platform to provide a second datum plane along an end face of the log, an inner set of drilling slots comprising right an left hand first elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left o said second datum plane respectively and extending along a first side of said platform adjacent said stop means, right and left second elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a first angle with respect to said .
first and second datum plane, right and left third elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a second angle with respect to said first and second datum plane, an outer set of drilling slots comprising right and left hand first elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane respectively and extending along a first side of said platform adjacent said stop means, right and left second elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum`plane and extending at a first angle with respect to said irst and second datum plane, right and left third elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a second angle with respect to said first and second datum plane, a base underlying said drill platform, right and left undercarriages slidably mounted on said base and arranged to the right and left respectively of said second datum plane, right and left first, second and third slide members slidably mounted on said right and left undercarriages respectively for movement in a direction parallel to said first, second and third slots respectively, first, second and third drill rames mounted on and extending upwardly from said first, second and third slide members respecti.vely, first, second and third drilling machines slidably mounted on said first, second and third drill frames respectively for movement toward and away from said platform, first, second and third drive means for moving said 6~5 first, second and third slide members respectively to locate said first, second and third drilling machines in any one of a number of drilling stations located at spaced intervals along each drilling slot, right and left undercarriage drive means for driving the right and left undercarriages respectively, relative to ~he frame to align the first and second drill means with the first t second and third slots of the inner or outer sets of drilling slots, a fourth slide member slidably mounted on said base for movement along a slipway which extends zlong a path which is aligned with and underlies said irst notch, a fourth drill frame mounted on and extending upwardly from said fourth slide member, a ourth drilling machine mounted on said fourth support frame for movement toward and away from said platform, said fourth drilling machina having a drilling access, fourth drive means Eor moving said ~ourth slide member in the direction of the extent of the first notch, offsetting means arranged to engage said first support frame to laterally offset said drilling machine to the right or left of said datum plane so that the drilling access of said fourth drilling machine may be located adjacent the second datum plane on the right or the left side thereof as required in use.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a log for use n a structure in which a plurality of logs are connected by tongue and groove joints, said log comprising an elongated body having oppositely disposed s longitudinal edges, one formed with a tongue profile and one formed with a complimentary groove profile, said groove having a base ace extending longitudinally thereof, and a seal seating channel formed in said base and extending longitudinally thereof.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a log of the type having first and second side edges formed with a double tongue ancl groove profile respectively and wherein the tongues are spaced from one another by a channel and a ridge is formed between the grooves, the improvement of a seal seating groove formed in the base of said channel and extending longitudinally thereof.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a wall of a log structure in which a plurality of logs are interconne~t~d by double tongue and groove joints formed at an interface between abutting edges of adjacent logs and wherein the tongues are spaced from one another by a channel and a ridge is formed between the grooves, the improvement of a seal seating groove formed in the base of said channel and extending longitudinally thereof, seal means in the form of an elongated length of compressed material seated in said groove and compressed between said ridge and the base of said channel to form a seal at said interface along the length of said log.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a wall assembly formed from logs 066~
in which a pair of first logs are arranged in an end to end rela~ionship to form a but joint therebetween and in which a second log i5 arranged in an edge to edge relationship with the first logs and bridges the but joint and wherein locking slots are formed in each abutting end of said first log to receive a locking tie which sexves to lock the butting ends, the improvement of a seat formed in the edge of the second log in alignment with the locking slots to receive an end of a locking pin, said seat being adapted to cooperate with the end of the locking pin to lock the locking pin against longitudinaly movement with respect to the second log.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a wall construction or a building wherein adjoining walls are made ~rom logs and wherein the ends of logs of the adjoining walls are connected by an overlapping tenon joint, a structure for sealing the first and second vertically extending interfaces between the side faces of each tenon and the end face of the log of the other wall which it faces, comprising a first pair of elongated tubular cavities in the logs, one on each side of said first interface, a second pair of elongated tubular cavities in the logsr one on each side of said second interface, the cavities of each pair opening into one another along their respective interfaces and increasing in cross-sectional area in a direction away from the their respective interfaces, a plurality of tie members each comprising a pair of elongated lobes which are ~066~;
connected to one another by a bridqina section, one of said rigid tie members beinq located at each interface and arranged with one of its lobes s0ated in one of the tubular cavities on one side of the interface and the other of its lobes seated in the tubular cavities on the other side of the interface.
Accordinq to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine for trimming and drilling loqs to form locking passaaes therein comprising a drilling platform for supporting a 109 thereon during trimming and drillinn, stop means extendina along a first edge of said drilling platform in a first datum plane, clamp means mounted for movement toward and away from said stop means for releaseably cla~mpinq a log against said stop means, a notch extending inwardly of said plat~orm from said one edqe alonq which a sawblade may pass to trim a log which is clamped on said table to provide a second datum plane along an end face of a log, an inner set of drillina slots comprising right and left first elongated drill slot symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane respectively and extending along a first side of the platform adjacent said stop means, riqht and left second elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a first anqle with respect to said first and second datum planes, right and left third elongated ~26(~i6S
drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a second angle with respect to said first and second datum planes, an outer set of drilling slots comprising right and left fourth drilling slots arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and being laterally spaced from and aligned with said second slots, right and left fifth drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and laterally spaced from and extending parallel to said second slots at a greater distance from said second datum plane, right and left sixth drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and laterally spaced from and extending parallel to said third slots and spaced a greater distance rom ~aid second datum plane a base underlying said drilling platform, right and left undercarriages slidably mounted on said base and arranged to the right and left respectively of said second datum plane, right and left first, second and third slide members slidably mounted on said right and left undercarriages respectively for movement in a direction parallel to said first, second and third drilling slots respectively, first, second and third drill frames mounted on and extending upwardly from said first, second and third slide members respective first, second and third dri.Lling machines slidably mounted on said first, second and third drill frames, respectively for movement toward and away from said drilling platform, first, second and third drive means for moving said first, second and third slide members r~spectively to locate said first, second and third drilling machines in any one of a number of drilling stations located along each drilling slot, right and left undercarriage drive means for driving the right and left undercarriages respectively, relative to the frame to align the first and second drilling means with the inner or outer set of drilling slots~ a fourth slide member slidably mounted on said base for movement along a path which is aligned with and underlies .-aid first notch, a fourth drill frame mounted on said fourth slide m~mber and extending upwardly therefrom, a fourth drilling machine slidably mounted on said fourth drilling frame for movement toward and away from said drilling platform, said fourth drilling machine having a drilling access, offsetting means arranged to engage said first support frame to laterally offset said fourth drilling machine to the right or left of said second datum plane so that its drilling access is located adjacent to the second datum plane on the right or left side thereof as required.
The invention will be more clearly understood after reference to the following detailed specification read in conjunction with the drawings wherein;
Figure 1 is an exploded view of a corner formed between adjoining walls of a log wall construction according to an embodiment of the present invention, : Figure 2 is an exploded view of a butt joint formed according to an embodiment of the present invention, ~26~)66~
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Figure 2 illustrating the assembled ioint.
Figure 4 is a pictorial front view of a machine for drilling logs according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 is a plan view of the log suppor~ing platform of ~igure 4, Figure 6 is a plan view showing logs drilled to provide the butt joint of Figure 2, Figure 7 is a plan view of logs drilled to provide the overlapping tenon joint of Figure 1, Figure 8 is a plan view of logs drilled to form a corner of the opposite hand to that illustrated in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a plan view of a log drilled to provide a lap joint of the type illustrated in Figure 10, Figure 10 is a plan view illus~rating a lap joint.
With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings, the reference numeral 10 refers generally to a corner joint construction for adjoining walls according to an embodiment of the present invention. The corner joint 10 is formed from logs 12 and 14.
Typisal logs may measure 12" in height and may measure 6", 8", 10"
or 12" in thickness. The logs 12 and 14 are each formed with a double-tongue edge 16 and a double-groove edge 18 which cooperate with one another to provide a tongue and groove connection. Logs 12 and 14 are formed with tenons 20 and 22 respectively which are cut and shaped to provide a dove-tailed joint of the type ~6~
described in my prior U.S. Patent No. 4,599,837 dated July 19, 1986. The tenons 20 each have an inner side face 24 and the tenons 22 each have an inner side face 26. The logs 12 each have a vertically extending end face which includes an upper portion 28a and a lower portion 28b. The logs 14 each have a vertically extending end face which includes an upper portion 30a and a lower portion 30b. The tenon 20 has an upper face 23 which is downwardly inclined from the front face 24 to the back face 25.
The tenon 26 has an upper face 27 which is downwardly inclined from the front face 26 to the back face 29. An elongated tubular cavity 32 extends vertically through the tenon 20 and has a passageway 34 opening laterally therefrom, An elongated tubular cavity 36 is formed in the end portion of the main body of the log 12 and extends vertically therethrough. The cavity 36 has a passageway 38 formed along one edge thereof. The passageway 38 is exposed at the vertically extending end faces 28a and 28b.
Similar cavities 32b and 36b are formed in the logs 14.
- A one-piece spline 42 is used to connect the interlocking tenons to one another. Each spline 42 has a pair of lobes 48 and 50 which are integrally connected to one another and provide a cross-sectional configuration which has the general form of a figure '8'. Each spline 42 has an upper end 44 and a lower end 45. The upper end 44 is inclined at an angle which is equal to the angle of the upper faces 23 and 27 of the tenons so that they wull lie flush with the upper face of their associated tenon in use. The lower end 45 of each spline is V-shaped and has end ~26~65 faces 45a and 45b which are inclined so as to butt against the upper face 23 or 27 which underlies the spline in use.
When assembling the corner, the tenon 22 of a log 14 is positioned on the tenon 20 as shown in Figure 1. The tenons are tightly nested 50 that the inner side face 26 of the tenon 22 is located in a face-to-face relationship with respect to the vertically extending end face 28b and the end face 30b bears against the side face 24 of the underlying tenon 20.
In use the lobe 48 of a spline 42 is driven into the tubular cavity 32b until the upper end 56 of the spline 42 is flush with the upper face 27 of the tenon and its lower end bears against the upper face 23 of the underlying tenon 20. In this position the lobe 50 will extend into the passage 36 in the underlying log to secure the logs to one anotherat the interface formed therebetween. A further spline 42 is mounted in the log 14 with its lobe 50 located in the tubular cavity 36b and its lower end bears against the upper face 27. Thereafter, the next log 12 is positioned so that the cavity 36 receives the lobe 50 of one of the spline 42 which projects from the side face 26 of the underlying tenon 22 and the other cavity 34 receives the lobe 48 of the other spline which projects from the end face 30a. The lobes 48 and 50 of the splines are shaped and proportioned to draw the logs together along the interface formed between the abutting side face of the tenon and end face of the other log.
This assembly ~rocedure is repeated until the construction of the corner is complete.
~;~6~)66~;
Butt Joi_ With reference to Figure 2 of the drawings, a butt joint similar to the type illustrated in my prior ~OS. Patent No.
4,599,837l is generally identified by the reference numeral 60.
The butt ~oint 60 is formed between the abutting ends of logs 12a and 12b which are located directly above a further log 12c. A
tubular cavity 62 is formed in the end of the log 12a and a tubular cavity 64 is formed in the end of the log 12b. Circular recesses 62a and 64a are formed in the upper edge 66 of the underlying log 12c. Because of these circular recesses 62a and 64a, the lower ends of the spline section 44 and 46 are flat and do not have the tongue-shaped profile of the type described in my prior U.S. Patent No. 4,599,837. Because the lower ends of the section 44 and 46 will be seated in the recesses 62a and 64a in use, they will serve to retain the lo~s 12a and 12b with respect to the underlying log 12c against longitudinal relative movement and against lateral movement. Thus, it will be seen that this form of seating of the spline 42 serves to more securely retain the wall forminq logs. In addition, because it is not necessary to shape the lower ends of the section 44 and 46 of the spline to provide a tongue, the lower ends of the splines 44 and 46 are not weakened. To seal the spline 42 in the tubular cavities 62 and 64 the outer face of each spline is formed with a longitudinally extending groove 41 in which a compressible sealing member 39 is fitted so as to be compressed between the spline and the walls of the cavities 62, 64.
Tonque and Groove Seal As shown in Fi~ures 2 and 3 of the drawings, each lo~ 12 has an upper edge 73 and a lower edge 72. A pair of tongues 74 are formed along the upper edge 72 and have a channel 76 formed therebetween. The tongue 74 also have outer side fac~s 78 each formed with a caulking shoulder 80. A lateral support shoulder 82 extends outwardly from each caulking shoulder 80. A seal seating channel 84 is formed in the base of the channel 76 and extends longitudinally thereof. A further groove 86 is formed in the base of the seal seating channel 84 and extends longitudinally thereof.
A pair of grooves 88 are formed in the lower edge 72 of the overlying log 12. The grooves 88 are spaced from one another by a longitudinally ex~ending ridge 90. The grooves 88 have outer side walls 92 each formed with caulking shoulders 94 which are arranged to cooperate with the caulking shoulders 80 of the underlying log to provide caulking cavities 96 therebetween.
In use, a rod 98 of high calibre steel or the like is seated in each groove 86 in a close-fitting relationship therewith. A sealing member lO0 which is in the form of a length of an asphalt impregnated foamed plastics material which is watertight when subjected to 50% compression, is seated in the seal seating channel 84 and extends longitudinally thereof. In the relaxed configuration which is shown in broken lines in Figure 3, the sealing member 100 has a height H which is at least three times greater than its compressed height so that it will be sub~ected to a 75~ compression and will therefore provide a watertight seal.
Caulking members 102 and 10~ are also formed from elongated lenqths of foamed plastics material. The caulkin~
members 102 and 104 are, however, preferably formed from a higher density foamed plastics material~ The relaxed height of the caulking members 102 and 104 is preferably about 25% greater than the compressed heiqht in use.
As shown in Figure 3 of the drawings t the caulking strips 102 and 104 are located in the caulking cavities 96.
When the tongue and groove joint is assembled as illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings, the upper faces of the tongues 74 and the base of the grooves 88 will bear against one another while the faces of the ridge 90 will be spaced a short distance from the faces of the channel 76. As a result, when the sealing member 100 is compressed, portions thereof will "flash"
into the gap ormed between the ridge 90 and channel 76 and the seal member 84 will be compressed into the groove 86. As a result, a very good seal is achieved along the base of the channel 76. Similarly, the lateral support shoulders 82 will come in contact with the lateral support shoulders 82a and the caulking members 94 and 96 will "flash" into the spaces formed between the outer side walls 78 of the tongues and the outer side walls 92 of the grooves.
It will be apparent that when the logs shrink or warp with age, the sealing members 100 and the caulking members 102 and 104 can and will expand or contract as required in order to maintain an effective seal at the interface formed between the logs.
~6~t6~5 The metal rods 98 which extend longitudinally of the logs serve to provide a security network which will prevent cutting of the logs by means of a woodsaw such as a chainsaw.
Machine for Trimming and Drilling Loqs The machine for use in the trimming and drilling of logs is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings to which reference is now made~ The machine is generally identi~ied by the reference numeral 110. The machine 110 has a drilling plat~orm 112. A wall 114 extends upwardly along one edge of the platform 112 and has pads 116 of a plastic material of a low coefficient of friction mounted thereon. The pads 116 serve as stop means against which one side of a log 12 will bear during trimming and drilling. Clamping members 118 are mounted on the shafts 120 of pneumatics cylinders 122 for movement toward and away from the wall 114. Shielding brackets 124 e~tend upwardly from the platform 112 and serve to shield the clamping means 118 when in the retracted position so that an incoming log 12 will not be driven against the retracted clamp member 118. Hold down arms 126 are pivotally mounted above the platform 112. A pneumatic cylinder 128 is connected to the connecting rod 130 and is operable to raise and lower the hold down arms 126 as required.
Roller conveyors 132 and 134 are provided for supporting and guiding the logs 12 into an operable position on the platform 112.
A circular saw 13S is mounted on a carriage 138 which is slidably mounted on a pair of guide rods 140 for movement toward ~2~ ~
and away from the platform 112 and is used for the purposes of trimminq the ends o~ the logs to provide a datum face ~rom which subsequent drilling of the log is accurately positioned.
The saw 136 is powered by an electric motor 142.
As shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, a plurality o~
drilling slots are formed in the platform 112.
A notch 144 extends inwardly from the first side edge of the platform 112 and is aligned with the circular saw 136. The notch 144 has an enlarged opening 146 which serves to accommodate the drill which is used for the purposes of drilling tubular cavities in the butt joint ends of logs as will be described hereinafter.
The drilling slots are symetrical about the centre line 145 of the notch 144. The drilling slots include right and left hand inner and outer sets o~ drillings slots. The right hand inner set of drilling slots will now be described with reference to Figure 5. The right hand inner set of drilling slots include a first elongated drilling slot 150 which extends along a first side edge of the platform adjacent the stop means 116. It will be noted that the drilling slot 150 extends beyond the inner face of the pads 116. This serves to ensure that when the drill passes through the slot 150 the cavity which is formed thereby will have a passageway opening laterally through the side face of the log.
A second elongated drilling slot 152 and a third elongated drilling slot 154 serve to complete the right hand inner set of drilling slots. The slots 152 and 154 are angularly inclined to ?
)6~S
extend at an angle ~ 1~ which measures 26 341 and ~2 which measures 54 261 with respect to the datum face.
The outer right hand drilling slots include elongated drilling slots 150a, 152a and 154a. The left hand inner set of drilling slots includes slots 150b, 152b and 154b. The outer left hand set of drilling slots includes slots 150c, 152c and 154c.
Within each slot, there are four drilling stations, the centres of which are identified on the left hand set of slots in Figure 5.
The centre line of each drilling station is identified by a "+".
Similar centres are provided in each of the slots of the right hand sets. Within the enlarged opening 146, the centres of five drilling stations are again indicated by a "+", one of which is identified by the reference numeral 156. Similar drilling stations are provided on the opposite side of the centre line 145.
Reerring once more to Figure 4 of the drawings, the reference numeral 160 re~ers generally to a base which underlies the drilling platform. Right and left hand undercarriages 162a and 162b are slidably mounted on the base 160. An extensible pneumatic cylinder 164 has one end secured with respect to the base 160 and its other end secured to a bracket 166 which extends downwardly from the platform 162a. ~y expanding and contracting the pneumatic cylinder 164, the undercarriage 162a can be positioned to align its drilling centres 170a, 172a and 174a with the drilling slots 150, 152, 154 or with the drilling slots 150a, 152a and 154a.
Similarly, the undercarriage 162b is slidably mounted for movement on the base 160 to align its drilling centres with either the inner or outer left hand drilling slots. Three drilling assemblies 176 (only one of which is shown) are mounted on each undercarriage. Each drill assembly 176 has a slide member 178slidably mounted on the undercarriage and guided by guide rails 180 for movement in a direction parallel to the longitudinal slot through which its auger extends in use. A pneumatic cylinder 182 has one end secured to its associated undercarriage and has a ram 18~ at its other end which is connected to the slide member 178.
By activating the cylinder 182, the ram 184 can be caused to move to and fro to mova the slide 178 to align the auger 186 with any one of the drilling stations of its associated slot. A support frame genera]ly identified by the reference numeral 188 extends upwardly from the slide member 176. The support frame 188 has an upper end plate 190. A pair of ~uide rails 192 extend between the end plate 190 and the slide member 178. A carriage 194 is slidably mounted on the guide rails 192. An extensible pneumatic ram assembly 196 has one end connected to the slide 178 and its other end connected to the carriage 194. A drilling machine 198 is mounted on the carriage 194 for movement therewith. The auger 186 is mounted in the chuck 200 of th drllling machine so as to be rotatably driven thereby in use. By extending and retracting the pneumatic cylinder assembly 196, the carriage 194 and drilling machine 198 can be raised or lowered.
A further drill assembly 202 is provided for drilling the cavities required for the but~ joint. This assembly includes a slide member 204 which is slidably mounted for movement between ~26~ S
guide rails 206. A pneumatic ram assembly 208 is provided for moving the slide member 204 to and fro. A lower end plate 210 ispivotally mounted on the slide member 204 for movement about a pivot pin 212. A small extensible pneumatic ram assembly 214 engages the inner end of the plate 210 and is operable to cause the plate 210 to pivot about the pivot pin 212 to laterally offset the auger 186 so that it can be aligned with any one of the drilling centres 156 indicated in Figure 5 of the drawings.
Method of Operation The machine of the present invention is designed in order to trim and drill a log to provide the tubular cavities required in order to form the butt joint and the overlapping dovetail joints described in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings. The machine is also designed to accommodate logs of different thickness and to permit drilling of logs with overlapping lap joints. Generally, the logs which are used in the construction of log buildings measure six inches, eight inches, ten inches and twelve inches in thickness and the machine of the present invention is designed to accommodate logs of four different thicknesses and to form both right and left hand locking cavities.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4 of the drawings, a log 14 may be introduced to the machine by sliding it along the conveyor 132 until the inner end portion thereof extends to the right hand side of the centre line 145. Thereupon the ram 112 is activated in order to drive the clamp member 118 into engagement with the side face of the log 14. In addition, the left hand cylinder 128 is activated in order to move the left hand hold down ar~ 126 into engagement with the upper edge of the log.
~O~
The circular saw 136 is then activated and driven into the slot 144 to cut the end of the lo~ along the line 145 to form an end face 22.
If a butt joint is to be formed along the end face 22, the drill assembly 202 is then manipulated by activating the extensible ram assemblies 208 and 214 in order to align the auger 186 with the centre 220 (Fig.5). The drill a6sembly 202 is then activated to supply power to the drilling machine to drive the auger 186 and to the extensible ram assembly 196 in order to raise the drilling auger 186 so that it passes through the opening 146 along the centre 220 and drills through the log to form a passage such as the passage 62 illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings.
After the drilling has been completed, the auger 1~6 is then withdrawn by retractin~ the carriage 194.
Similarly, when it is intended to drill, the cavities such as the cavities 32b and 36b in the left hand logs 14, the pneumatic cylinders 182 are activated to align the augers 186 with the centres 222 and 224. The augers are then rotatably driven through the log as previousl~ described. It will be apparent that this will provide the cavities required when the face 14a of the log is to form the inner face at the corner. If, on the other hand, the face 14b of the log is to form the inner face at the corner, it will be necessary to drill along the centre 226 and not along the centre 222. In order to drill along the centre 226, the drill assembly which powers the auger which will ex~end through the slot 154b is positioned as previously described and is operated to drill through the log.
~L26~6~5i The various drilling patterns which can be produced by the drilling machine of the present invention are illustrated in Figures 6 to 10 of the drawingsO ~s shown in Figure 6, a butt joint is provided drilling the cavities 62 and 64. The cavity 62 will be drilled when the log 14 is located in the position shown in broken lines in Figure 5 drilling on the centre 220. The cavity 64 will be formed by locating a log on the opposite side of the datum plane 145 and drilling along the right hand centre corresponding to the centre 220. Similarly, the cavity 32b and the cavity 32 are formed by drilling along the centre 222 of the left hand slot 150b and along the corresponding centre of the right hand slot 150 respectively.
The cavity 36b is formed by drilling along the centre 224 of the slot 152b and the cavity 36 i5 ormed by drilling along the corresponding centre o~ the slot 152. The cavity which is shown in broken lines is the recess 40b which is drilled at the time of assembly of the corner. The broken line 30c indicates the location of the end faces 30a and 30b in relation to the slot 36 when a tenon 24 is formed. Similarly, the broken line 28c indicates the position of the end faces 28a and 28b of the log 14 when a tenon 20 is formed.
The difference between the logs illustrated in Figure 7 and that of Figure 8 is that they are designed to form opposite corners of a structure. The cavities 32b and 30 are formed by drilling along the centre 226 of slot 154b and the corresponding centre of the slot 154 respectively.
.
~6~6165 The log illustrated in Figure 9 differs from that of Figure 7 in that it is designed to provide a conventional overlap joint in which the portion 25 projects beyoncl the tenon 24. The passages 32b and 36b are formed by drilling along the appropriate centres of the outer left hand set of slots 1.50c, 152c. A typical overlapping joint is illustrated in Figure 10 which shows the drill holes 32b and 36b and the holes 40b ancl 40a which are drilled on site during assembly of the wall as previously described.
Various modifications of the preferred embodiment will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, if the logo 12 of Figure 3 are 10" or 12" in width, two seal seating channels 84 may be formed in a side-by-side relationship, such being fitted with a sealing member 100.
Buildings of the type which are generally known as "log cabins" have a substantial aesthetic appeal and can be conveniently prefabricated for ease of assembly in use.
Difficulty has, however, lon~ been experienced in attempting to maintain airtiqht joints between the logs. It is difficult to machine a log to tight tolerances and consequently, it is di~ficult to obtain a tiaht seal at the various interfaces ~ormed between adjoining logs. In addition, with age, logs tend to shrink and this shrinkaqe causes separation at the ~arious interfaces and this can result in difficulties in attempting to maintain a seal at the critical interfaces.
In order to obtain a seal at the interface between logs it is customary to caulk the joints. Again, the caulkinq tends to loosen as the logs shrink with the result that regular periodic replacement of caulkina is reauired in order to maintain a reauired seal.
The dif~iculties which have been encountered in attemptinq to obtain an effective seal at an interface between logs are compounded when attemr~inq to obtain such a seal at the corners of a building in which the logs are shaped to provide tenons such as those used to rrovide a dovetail corner joint or a lap corner joint~ In these ioints, there are two interfaces ~$
` ~26~6~i';a :
arranged at right angles with respect to one another. Generally, the mechanical locking arrangement provided by these interlocking tenons has been considered to provide a more effective seal than that which is normally established between the side edges of the logs and conseguently, it is generally considered that conventional caulking is all that is required in this area.
Difficulty has also been experienced in attempting to obtain an effective seal between logs which are connected in an edge to edge relationship by means of a tongue and groove joint.
The tongue and groove joint is commonly used along the edge of a long log. Because of uneven shrinkage during the aging of a log, there is a danger of a portion of the tongue and groove joint becoming unseated and as a result, it is difficult to maintain an effective seal at the joint. In addition, when a double tongue and groove profile is used along the edges of a log, the channel which is formed between the tongues can act as a reservoir for retaining any water which might seep into the joint and if this water is subsequently frozen, the expansion caused by the formation of the ice can force the logs apart at the joint and thereby further reduce the effectiveness of the seal formed between the joints.
A further difficulty which is experienced in log cabin construction is that the buildings do not provide the same degree of security as is available from a break belting because it is possible to gain entry to the building simply by sawing through the logs.
~6~66~
In addition, difficulty has been experienced in attempting to accurately pre-drill large logs to facilitate the mounting of locking keys. Various different standard sizes of logs are used in log cabin construction and no simple and effective form of drilling machine is available for the purposes of accurately drilling logs at any one of a number of predetermined drilling positions.
Summa~y of Invention According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine for trimming and drilling logs to form walking passageways comprising a drilling platform for supporting a log thereon during trimming and drilling, stop means extending along a irst edge of said drilling platEorm in a first datum plane, clamp means mounted or movement toward and away rom stop means for releasably clamping a log against said stop means, a notch extending inwardly of said platforms from said one edge along which a saw blade may pass to trim a log which i6 clamped on said drilling platform to provide a second datum plane along an end face of the log, an inner set of drilling slots comprising right an left hand first elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left o said second datum plane respectively and extending along a first side of said platform adjacent said stop means, right and left second elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a first angle with respect to said .
first and second datum plane, right and left third elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a second angle with respect to said first and second datum plane, an outer set of drilling slots comprising right and left hand first elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane respectively and extending along a first side of said platform adjacent said stop means, right and left second elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum`plane and extending at a first angle with respect to said irst and second datum plane, right and left third elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a second angle with respect to said first and second datum plane, a base underlying said drill platform, right and left undercarriages slidably mounted on said base and arranged to the right and left respectively of said second datum plane, right and left first, second and third slide members slidably mounted on said right and left undercarriages respectively for movement in a direction parallel to said first, second and third slots respectively, first, second and third drill rames mounted on and extending upwardly from said first, second and third slide members respecti.vely, first, second and third drilling machines slidably mounted on said first, second and third drill frames respectively for movement toward and away from said platform, first, second and third drive means for moving said 6~5 first, second and third slide members respectively to locate said first, second and third drilling machines in any one of a number of drilling stations located at spaced intervals along each drilling slot, right and left undercarriage drive means for driving the right and left undercarriages respectively, relative to ~he frame to align the first and second drill means with the first t second and third slots of the inner or outer sets of drilling slots, a fourth slide member slidably mounted on said base for movement along a slipway which extends zlong a path which is aligned with and underlies said irst notch, a fourth drill frame mounted on and extending upwardly from said fourth slide member, a ourth drilling machine mounted on said fourth support frame for movement toward and away from said platform, said fourth drilling machina having a drilling access, fourth drive means Eor moving said ~ourth slide member in the direction of the extent of the first notch, offsetting means arranged to engage said first support frame to laterally offset said drilling machine to the right or left of said datum plane so that the drilling access of said fourth drilling machine may be located adjacent the second datum plane on the right or the left side thereof as required in use.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a log for use n a structure in which a plurality of logs are connected by tongue and groove joints, said log comprising an elongated body having oppositely disposed s longitudinal edges, one formed with a tongue profile and one formed with a complimentary groove profile, said groove having a base ace extending longitudinally thereof, and a seal seating channel formed in said base and extending longitudinally thereof.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a log of the type having first and second side edges formed with a double tongue ancl groove profile respectively and wherein the tongues are spaced from one another by a channel and a ridge is formed between the grooves, the improvement of a seal seating groove formed in the base of said channel and extending longitudinally thereof.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a wall of a log structure in which a plurality of logs are interconne~t~d by double tongue and groove joints formed at an interface between abutting edges of adjacent logs and wherein the tongues are spaced from one another by a channel and a ridge is formed between the grooves, the improvement of a seal seating groove formed in the base of said channel and extending longitudinally thereof, seal means in the form of an elongated length of compressed material seated in said groove and compressed between said ridge and the base of said channel to form a seal at said interface along the length of said log.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a wall assembly formed from logs 066~
in which a pair of first logs are arranged in an end to end rela~ionship to form a but joint therebetween and in which a second log i5 arranged in an edge to edge relationship with the first logs and bridges the but joint and wherein locking slots are formed in each abutting end of said first log to receive a locking tie which sexves to lock the butting ends, the improvement of a seat formed in the edge of the second log in alignment with the locking slots to receive an end of a locking pin, said seat being adapted to cooperate with the end of the locking pin to lock the locking pin against longitudinaly movement with respect to the second log.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a wall construction or a building wherein adjoining walls are made ~rom logs and wherein the ends of logs of the adjoining walls are connected by an overlapping tenon joint, a structure for sealing the first and second vertically extending interfaces between the side faces of each tenon and the end face of the log of the other wall which it faces, comprising a first pair of elongated tubular cavities in the logs, one on each side of said first interface, a second pair of elongated tubular cavities in the logsr one on each side of said second interface, the cavities of each pair opening into one another along their respective interfaces and increasing in cross-sectional area in a direction away from the their respective interfaces, a plurality of tie members each comprising a pair of elongated lobes which are ~066~;
connected to one another by a bridqina section, one of said rigid tie members beinq located at each interface and arranged with one of its lobes s0ated in one of the tubular cavities on one side of the interface and the other of its lobes seated in the tubular cavities on the other side of the interface.
Accordinq to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine for trimming and drilling loqs to form locking passaaes therein comprising a drilling platform for supporting a 109 thereon during trimming and drillinn, stop means extendina along a first edge of said drilling platform in a first datum plane, clamp means mounted for movement toward and away from said stop means for releaseably cla~mpinq a log against said stop means, a notch extending inwardly of said plat~orm from said one edqe alonq which a sawblade may pass to trim a log which is clamped on said table to provide a second datum plane along an end face of a log, an inner set of drillina slots comprising right and left first elongated drill slot symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane respectively and extending along a first side of the platform adjacent said stop means, riqht and left second elongated drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a first anqle with respect to said first and second datum planes, right and left third elongated ~26(~i6S
drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and extending at a second angle with respect to said first and second datum planes, an outer set of drilling slots comprising right and left fourth drilling slots arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and being laterally spaced from and aligned with said second slots, right and left fifth drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and laterally spaced from and extending parallel to said second slots at a greater distance from said second datum plane, right and left sixth drill slots symetrically arranged to the right and left of said second datum plane and laterally spaced from and extending parallel to said third slots and spaced a greater distance rom ~aid second datum plane a base underlying said drilling platform, right and left undercarriages slidably mounted on said base and arranged to the right and left respectively of said second datum plane, right and left first, second and third slide members slidably mounted on said right and left undercarriages respectively for movement in a direction parallel to said first, second and third drilling slots respectively, first, second and third drill frames mounted on and extending upwardly from said first, second and third slide members respective first, second and third dri.Lling machines slidably mounted on said first, second and third drill frames, respectively for movement toward and away from said drilling platform, first, second and third drive means for moving said first, second and third slide members r~spectively to locate said first, second and third drilling machines in any one of a number of drilling stations located along each drilling slot, right and left undercarriage drive means for driving the right and left undercarriages respectively, relative to the frame to align the first and second drilling means with the inner or outer set of drilling slots~ a fourth slide member slidably mounted on said base for movement along a path which is aligned with and underlies .-aid first notch, a fourth drill frame mounted on said fourth slide m~mber and extending upwardly therefrom, a fourth drilling machine slidably mounted on said fourth drilling frame for movement toward and away from said drilling platform, said fourth drilling machine having a drilling access, offsetting means arranged to engage said first support frame to laterally offset said fourth drilling machine to the right or left of said second datum plane so that its drilling access is located adjacent to the second datum plane on the right or left side thereof as required.
The invention will be more clearly understood after reference to the following detailed specification read in conjunction with the drawings wherein;
Figure 1 is an exploded view of a corner formed between adjoining walls of a log wall construction according to an embodiment of the present invention, : Figure 2 is an exploded view of a butt joint formed according to an embodiment of the present invention, ~26~)66~
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Figure 2 illustrating the assembled ioint.
Figure 4 is a pictorial front view of a machine for drilling logs according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 is a plan view of the log suppor~ing platform of ~igure 4, Figure 6 is a plan view showing logs drilled to provide the butt joint of Figure 2, Figure 7 is a plan view of logs drilled to provide the overlapping tenon joint of Figure 1, Figure 8 is a plan view of logs drilled to form a corner of the opposite hand to that illustrated in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a plan view of a log drilled to provide a lap joint of the type illustrated in Figure 10, Figure 10 is a plan view illus~rating a lap joint.
With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings, the reference numeral 10 refers generally to a corner joint construction for adjoining walls according to an embodiment of the present invention. The corner joint 10 is formed from logs 12 and 14.
Typisal logs may measure 12" in height and may measure 6", 8", 10"
or 12" in thickness. The logs 12 and 14 are each formed with a double-tongue edge 16 and a double-groove edge 18 which cooperate with one another to provide a tongue and groove connection. Logs 12 and 14 are formed with tenons 20 and 22 respectively which are cut and shaped to provide a dove-tailed joint of the type ~6~
described in my prior U.S. Patent No. 4,599,837 dated July 19, 1986. The tenons 20 each have an inner side face 24 and the tenons 22 each have an inner side face 26. The logs 12 each have a vertically extending end face which includes an upper portion 28a and a lower portion 28b. The logs 14 each have a vertically extending end face which includes an upper portion 30a and a lower portion 30b. The tenon 20 has an upper face 23 which is downwardly inclined from the front face 24 to the back face 25.
The tenon 26 has an upper face 27 which is downwardly inclined from the front face 26 to the back face 29. An elongated tubular cavity 32 extends vertically through the tenon 20 and has a passageway 34 opening laterally therefrom, An elongated tubular cavity 36 is formed in the end portion of the main body of the log 12 and extends vertically therethrough. The cavity 36 has a passageway 38 formed along one edge thereof. The passageway 38 is exposed at the vertically extending end faces 28a and 28b.
Similar cavities 32b and 36b are formed in the logs 14.
- A one-piece spline 42 is used to connect the interlocking tenons to one another. Each spline 42 has a pair of lobes 48 and 50 which are integrally connected to one another and provide a cross-sectional configuration which has the general form of a figure '8'. Each spline 42 has an upper end 44 and a lower end 45. The upper end 44 is inclined at an angle which is equal to the angle of the upper faces 23 and 27 of the tenons so that they wull lie flush with the upper face of their associated tenon in use. The lower end 45 of each spline is V-shaped and has end ~26~65 faces 45a and 45b which are inclined so as to butt against the upper face 23 or 27 which underlies the spline in use.
When assembling the corner, the tenon 22 of a log 14 is positioned on the tenon 20 as shown in Figure 1. The tenons are tightly nested 50 that the inner side face 26 of the tenon 22 is located in a face-to-face relationship with respect to the vertically extending end face 28b and the end face 30b bears against the side face 24 of the underlying tenon 20.
In use the lobe 48 of a spline 42 is driven into the tubular cavity 32b until the upper end 56 of the spline 42 is flush with the upper face 27 of the tenon and its lower end bears against the upper face 23 of the underlying tenon 20. In this position the lobe 50 will extend into the passage 36 in the underlying log to secure the logs to one anotherat the interface formed therebetween. A further spline 42 is mounted in the log 14 with its lobe 50 located in the tubular cavity 36b and its lower end bears against the upper face 27. Thereafter, the next log 12 is positioned so that the cavity 36 receives the lobe 50 of one of the spline 42 which projects from the side face 26 of the underlying tenon 22 and the other cavity 34 receives the lobe 48 of the other spline which projects from the end face 30a. The lobes 48 and 50 of the splines are shaped and proportioned to draw the logs together along the interface formed between the abutting side face of the tenon and end face of the other log.
This assembly ~rocedure is repeated until the construction of the corner is complete.
~;~6~)66~;
Butt Joi_ With reference to Figure 2 of the drawings, a butt joint similar to the type illustrated in my prior ~OS. Patent No.
4,599,837l is generally identified by the reference numeral 60.
The butt ~oint 60 is formed between the abutting ends of logs 12a and 12b which are located directly above a further log 12c. A
tubular cavity 62 is formed in the end of the log 12a and a tubular cavity 64 is formed in the end of the log 12b. Circular recesses 62a and 64a are formed in the upper edge 66 of the underlying log 12c. Because of these circular recesses 62a and 64a, the lower ends of the spline section 44 and 46 are flat and do not have the tongue-shaped profile of the type described in my prior U.S. Patent No. 4,599,837. Because the lower ends of the section 44 and 46 will be seated in the recesses 62a and 64a in use, they will serve to retain the lo~s 12a and 12b with respect to the underlying log 12c against longitudinal relative movement and against lateral movement. Thus, it will be seen that this form of seating of the spline 42 serves to more securely retain the wall forminq logs. In addition, because it is not necessary to shape the lower ends of the section 44 and 46 of the spline to provide a tongue, the lower ends of the splines 44 and 46 are not weakened. To seal the spline 42 in the tubular cavities 62 and 64 the outer face of each spline is formed with a longitudinally extending groove 41 in which a compressible sealing member 39 is fitted so as to be compressed between the spline and the walls of the cavities 62, 64.
Tonque and Groove Seal As shown in Fi~ures 2 and 3 of the drawings, each lo~ 12 has an upper edge 73 and a lower edge 72. A pair of tongues 74 are formed along the upper edge 72 and have a channel 76 formed therebetween. The tongue 74 also have outer side fac~s 78 each formed with a caulking shoulder 80. A lateral support shoulder 82 extends outwardly from each caulking shoulder 80. A seal seating channel 84 is formed in the base of the channel 76 and extends longitudinally thereof. A further groove 86 is formed in the base of the seal seating channel 84 and extends longitudinally thereof.
A pair of grooves 88 are formed in the lower edge 72 of the overlying log 12. The grooves 88 are spaced from one another by a longitudinally ex~ending ridge 90. The grooves 88 have outer side walls 92 each formed with caulking shoulders 94 which are arranged to cooperate with the caulking shoulders 80 of the underlying log to provide caulking cavities 96 therebetween.
In use, a rod 98 of high calibre steel or the like is seated in each groove 86 in a close-fitting relationship therewith. A sealing member lO0 which is in the form of a length of an asphalt impregnated foamed plastics material which is watertight when subjected to 50% compression, is seated in the seal seating channel 84 and extends longitudinally thereof. In the relaxed configuration which is shown in broken lines in Figure 3, the sealing member 100 has a height H which is at least three times greater than its compressed height so that it will be sub~ected to a 75~ compression and will therefore provide a watertight seal.
Caulking members 102 and 10~ are also formed from elongated lenqths of foamed plastics material. The caulkin~
members 102 and 104 are, however, preferably formed from a higher density foamed plastics material~ The relaxed height of the caulking members 102 and 104 is preferably about 25% greater than the compressed heiqht in use.
As shown in Figure 3 of the drawings t the caulking strips 102 and 104 are located in the caulking cavities 96.
When the tongue and groove joint is assembled as illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings, the upper faces of the tongues 74 and the base of the grooves 88 will bear against one another while the faces of the ridge 90 will be spaced a short distance from the faces of the channel 76. As a result, when the sealing member 100 is compressed, portions thereof will "flash"
into the gap ormed between the ridge 90 and channel 76 and the seal member 84 will be compressed into the groove 86. As a result, a very good seal is achieved along the base of the channel 76. Similarly, the lateral support shoulders 82 will come in contact with the lateral support shoulders 82a and the caulking members 94 and 96 will "flash" into the spaces formed between the outer side walls 78 of the tongues and the outer side walls 92 of the grooves.
It will be apparent that when the logs shrink or warp with age, the sealing members 100 and the caulking members 102 and 104 can and will expand or contract as required in order to maintain an effective seal at the interface formed between the logs.
~6~t6~5 The metal rods 98 which extend longitudinally of the logs serve to provide a security network which will prevent cutting of the logs by means of a woodsaw such as a chainsaw.
Machine for Trimming and Drilling Loqs The machine for use in the trimming and drilling of logs is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings to which reference is now made~ The machine is generally identi~ied by the reference numeral 110. The machine 110 has a drilling plat~orm 112. A wall 114 extends upwardly along one edge of the platform 112 and has pads 116 of a plastic material of a low coefficient of friction mounted thereon. The pads 116 serve as stop means against which one side of a log 12 will bear during trimming and drilling. Clamping members 118 are mounted on the shafts 120 of pneumatics cylinders 122 for movement toward and away from the wall 114. Shielding brackets 124 e~tend upwardly from the platform 112 and serve to shield the clamping means 118 when in the retracted position so that an incoming log 12 will not be driven against the retracted clamp member 118. Hold down arms 126 are pivotally mounted above the platform 112. A pneumatic cylinder 128 is connected to the connecting rod 130 and is operable to raise and lower the hold down arms 126 as required.
Roller conveyors 132 and 134 are provided for supporting and guiding the logs 12 into an operable position on the platform 112.
A circular saw 13S is mounted on a carriage 138 which is slidably mounted on a pair of guide rods 140 for movement toward ~2~ ~
and away from the platform 112 and is used for the purposes of trimminq the ends o~ the logs to provide a datum face ~rom which subsequent drilling of the log is accurately positioned.
The saw 136 is powered by an electric motor 142.
As shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, a plurality o~
drilling slots are formed in the platform 112.
A notch 144 extends inwardly from the first side edge of the platform 112 and is aligned with the circular saw 136. The notch 144 has an enlarged opening 146 which serves to accommodate the drill which is used for the purposes of drilling tubular cavities in the butt joint ends of logs as will be described hereinafter.
The drilling slots are symetrical about the centre line 145 of the notch 144. The drilling slots include right and left hand inner and outer sets o~ drillings slots. The right hand inner set of drilling slots will now be described with reference to Figure 5. The right hand inner set of drilling slots include a first elongated drilling slot 150 which extends along a first side edge of the platform adjacent the stop means 116. It will be noted that the drilling slot 150 extends beyond the inner face of the pads 116. This serves to ensure that when the drill passes through the slot 150 the cavity which is formed thereby will have a passageway opening laterally through the side face of the log.
A second elongated drilling slot 152 and a third elongated drilling slot 154 serve to complete the right hand inner set of drilling slots. The slots 152 and 154 are angularly inclined to ?
)6~S
extend at an angle ~ 1~ which measures 26 341 and ~2 which measures 54 261 with respect to the datum face.
The outer right hand drilling slots include elongated drilling slots 150a, 152a and 154a. The left hand inner set of drilling slots includes slots 150b, 152b and 154b. The outer left hand set of drilling slots includes slots 150c, 152c and 154c.
Within each slot, there are four drilling stations, the centres of which are identified on the left hand set of slots in Figure 5.
The centre line of each drilling station is identified by a "+".
Similar centres are provided in each of the slots of the right hand sets. Within the enlarged opening 146, the centres of five drilling stations are again indicated by a "+", one of which is identified by the reference numeral 156. Similar drilling stations are provided on the opposite side of the centre line 145.
Reerring once more to Figure 4 of the drawings, the reference numeral 160 re~ers generally to a base which underlies the drilling platform. Right and left hand undercarriages 162a and 162b are slidably mounted on the base 160. An extensible pneumatic cylinder 164 has one end secured with respect to the base 160 and its other end secured to a bracket 166 which extends downwardly from the platform 162a. ~y expanding and contracting the pneumatic cylinder 164, the undercarriage 162a can be positioned to align its drilling centres 170a, 172a and 174a with the drilling slots 150, 152, 154 or with the drilling slots 150a, 152a and 154a.
Similarly, the undercarriage 162b is slidably mounted for movement on the base 160 to align its drilling centres with either the inner or outer left hand drilling slots. Three drilling assemblies 176 (only one of which is shown) are mounted on each undercarriage. Each drill assembly 176 has a slide member 178slidably mounted on the undercarriage and guided by guide rails 180 for movement in a direction parallel to the longitudinal slot through which its auger extends in use. A pneumatic cylinder 182 has one end secured to its associated undercarriage and has a ram 18~ at its other end which is connected to the slide member 178.
By activating the cylinder 182, the ram 184 can be caused to move to and fro to mova the slide 178 to align the auger 186 with any one of the drilling stations of its associated slot. A support frame genera]ly identified by the reference numeral 188 extends upwardly from the slide member 176. The support frame 188 has an upper end plate 190. A pair of ~uide rails 192 extend between the end plate 190 and the slide member 178. A carriage 194 is slidably mounted on the guide rails 192. An extensible pneumatic ram assembly 196 has one end connected to the slide 178 and its other end connected to the carriage 194. A drilling machine 198 is mounted on the carriage 194 for movement therewith. The auger 186 is mounted in the chuck 200 of th drllling machine so as to be rotatably driven thereby in use. By extending and retracting the pneumatic cylinder assembly 196, the carriage 194 and drilling machine 198 can be raised or lowered.
A further drill assembly 202 is provided for drilling the cavities required for the but~ joint. This assembly includes a slide member 204 which is slidably mounted for movement between ~26~ S
guide rails 206. A pneumatic ram assembly 208 is provided for moving the slide member 204 to and fro. A lower end plate 210 ispivotally mounted on the slide member 204 for movement about a pivot pin 212. A small extensible pneumatic ram assembly 214 engages the inner end of the plate 210 and is operable to cause the plate 210 to pivot about the pivot pin 212 to laterally offset the auger 186 so that it can be aligned with any one of the drilling centres 156 indicated in Figure 5 of the drawings.
Method of Operation The machine of the present invention is designed in order to trim and drill a log to provide the tubular cavities required in order to form the butt joint and the overlapping dovetail joints described in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings. The machine is also designed to accommodate logs of different thickness and to permit drilling of logs with overlapping lap joints. Generally, the logs which are used in the construction of log buildings measure six inches, eight inches, ten inches and twelve inches in thickness and the machine of the present invention is designed to accommodate logs of four different thicknesses and to form both right and left hand locking cavities.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4 of the drawings, a log 14 may be introduced to the machine by sliding it along the conveyor 132 until the inner end portion thereof extends to the right hand side of the centre line 145. Thereupon the ram 112 is activated in order to drive the clamp member 118 into engagement with the side face of the log 14. In addition, the left hand cylinder 128 is activated in order to move the left hand hold down ar~ 126 into engagement with the upper edge of the log.
~O~
The circular saw 136 is then activated and driven into the slot 144 to cut the end of the lo~ along the line 145 to form an end face 22.
If a butt joint is to be formed along the end face 22, the drill assembly 202 is then manipulated by activating the extensible ram assemblies 208 and 214 in order to align the auger 186 with the centre 220 (Fig.5). The drill a6sembly 202 is then activated to supply power to the drilling machine to drive the auger 186 and to the extensible ram assembly 196 in order to raise the drilling auger 186 so that it passes through the opening 146 along the centre 220 and drills through the log to form a passage such as the passage 62 illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings.
After the drilling has been completed, the auger 1~6 is then withdrawn by retractin~ the carriage 194.
Similarly, when it is intended to drill, the cavities such as the cavities 32b and 36b in the left hand logs 14, the pneumatic cylinders 182 are activated to align the augers 186 with the centres 222 and 224. The augers are then rotatably driven through the log as previousl~ described. It will be apparent that this will provide the cavities required when the face 14a of the log is to form the inner face at the corner. If, on the other hand, the face 14b of the log is to form the inner face at the corner, it will be necessary to drill along the centre 226 and not along the centre 222. In order to drill along the centre 226, the drill assembly which powers the auger which will ex~end through the slot 154b is positioned as previously described and is operated to drill through the log.
~L26~6~5i The various drilling patterns which can be produced by the drilling machine of the present invention are illustrated in Figures 6 to 10 of the drawingsO ~s shown in Figure 6, a butt joint is provided drilling the cavities 62 and 64. The cavity 62 will be drilled when the log 14 is located in the position shown in broken lines in Figure 5 drilling on the centre 220. The cavity 64 will be formed by locating a log on the opposite side of the datum plane 145 and drilling along the right hand centre corresponding to the centre 220. Similarly, the cavity 32b and the cavity 32 are formed by drilling along the centre 222 of the left hand slot 150b and along the corresponding centre of the right hand slot 150 respectively.
The cavity 36b is formed by drilling along the centre 224 of the slot 152b and the cavity 36 i5 ormed by drilling along the corresponding centre o~ the slot 152. The cavity which is shown in broken lines is the recess 40b which is drilled at the time of assembly of the corner. The broken line 30c indicates the location of the end faces 30a and 30b in relation to the slot 36 when a tenon 24 is formed. Similarly, the broken line 28c indicates the position of the end faces 28a and 28b of the log 14 when a tenon 20 is formed.
The difference between the logs illustrated in Figure 7 and that of Figure 8 is that they are designed to form opposite corners of a structure. The cavities 32b and 30 are formed by drilling along the centre 226 of slot 154b and the corresponding centre of the slot 154 respectively.
.
~6~6165 The log illustrated in Figure 9 differs from that of Figure 7 in that it is designed to provide a conventional overlap joint in which the portion 25 projects beyoncl the tenon 24. The passages 32b and 36b are formed by drilling along the appropriate centres of the outer left hand set of slots 1.50c, 152c. A typical overlapping joint is illustrated in Figure 10 which shows the drill holes 32b and 36b and the holes 40b ancl 40a which are drilled on site during assembly of the wall as previously described.
Various modifications of the preferred embodiment will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, if the logo 12 of Figure 3 are 10" or 12" in width, two seal seating channels 84 may be formed in a side-by-side relationship, such being fitted with a sealing member 100.
Claims
1. In a wall assembly formed from logs in which a pair of first logs are arranged in an end to end relationship to form a but joint therebetween and in which a second log is arranged in an edge to edge relationship with the first logs and bridges the but joint and wherein locking slots are formed in each abutting end of said first log to receive a locking tie which serves to lock the butting ends, the improvement of a seat formed in the edge of the second log in alignment with the locking slots to receive an end of a locking pin, said seat being adapted to cooperate with the end of the locking pin to lock the locking pin against longitudinaly movement with respect to the second log.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000574151A CA1260665A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1988-08-08 | Log joint and machine for forming log joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000552517A CA1242558A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1987-11-23 | Log joint and machine for forming log joint |
| CA000574151A CA1260665A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1988-08-08 | Log joint and machine for forming log joint |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000552517A Division CA1242558A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1987-11-23 | Log joint and machine for forming log joint |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1260665A true CA1260665A (en) | 1989-09-26 |
Family
ID=25671599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000574151A Expired CA1260665A (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1988-08-08 | Log joint and machine for forming log joint |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1260665A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2452541A (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-11 | Adrian Flynn | Method of manufacture of composite stair rail |
-
1988
- 1988-08-08 CA CA000574151A patent/CA1260665A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2452541A (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-11 | Adrian Flynn | Method of manufacture of composite stair rail |
| GB2452541B (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2011-08-10 | Adrian Flynn | Manufacture of joinery articles |
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