CA1257883A - Running surface construction for skis - Google Patents
Running surface construction for skisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1257883A CA1257883A CA000495391A CA495391A CA1257883A CA 1257883 A CA1257883 A CA 1257883A CA 000495391 A CA000495391 A CA 000495391A CA 495391 A CA495391 A CA 495391A CA 1257883 A CA1257883 A CA 1257883A
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- ski
- profiling
- gliding
- climbing
- snow
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Running sole structuring for a ski, especially for a cross-country ski.
The object of the invention is to provide a new profiling which combines optimum gliding and climbing characteristics. Therefore, it is the object of the invention, to provide a suitable shaping of the profiling which fully considers the special requirements under different snow conditions as well as the special loadings of the ski during the push-off and gliding phases, as well as the processes of sticking and gliding friction and the transitional phases associated therewith directly.
This object is solved according to the invention by the provision of exclusively straight, vertical and parallel arranged profile edges with respect to the direction of the run which are also two-dimensional in the plane of contact with the snow and are statistically arranged and, wherein the adjacent pairs of climbing edge rows lying behind each other lie on a gliding arc. It is preferred when the mean edge length (?n) in the push-off region (A) is the smallest and increases continuously and/or discontinuously toward one ski tip, respectively ski end, and wherein in the end region of the longitudinal extent of the profiling the maximum value for the mean edge length (?n) is attained. (Fig. 2 with Fig. 3 together).
Running sole structuring for a ski, especially for a cross-country ski.
The object of the invention is to provide a new profiling which combines optimum gliding and climbing characteristics. Therefore, it is the object of the invention, to provide a suitable shaping of the profiling which fully considers the special requirements under different snow conditions as well as the special loadings of the ski during the push-off and gliding phases, as well as the processes of sticking and gliding friction and the transitional phases associated therewith directly.
This object is solved according to the invention by the provision of exclusively straight, vertical and parallel arranged profile edges with respect to the direction of the run which are also two-dimensional in the plane of contact with the snow and are statistically arranged and, wherein the adjacent pairs of climbing edge rows lying behind each other lie on a gliding arc. It is preferred when the mean edge length (?n) in the push-off region (A) is the smallest and increases continuously and/or discontinuously toward one ski tip, respectively ski end, and wherein in the end region of the longitudinal extent of the profiling the maximum value for the mean edge length (?n) is attained. (Fig. 2 with Fig. 3 together).
Description
~257~E33 RUNNING SU~FACR CONTRUCTION FOR SKIS
The invention relates to the formation fo the running surface of skis, especially cross-country skis with or without a guide groove running in the longitudinal direction of the ski and, a profiling arranged in the middle longitudinal region of the ski.
Running surface profiling for the improvement of the climbing effect of skis has been known since long. The various basic forms of the profiling are related to each other in one or more of their systematic arrangements. With the various profile forms one attempts to find a compromise between good climbing and good gliding characteristics. The prior art describes ac-cordingly an embodiment which is characterized by flat rectangu-lar surfaces arranged obliquely with respect to the snow upper surface in lateral or longitudinal directions of the ski with a constant spacing. ~or the sake of good climbing characteris-tics, in this embodiment due to the shaping and arrangement of the gliding surface, one will sacrifice good gliding characteris-tic.
Other prior art describes embodiments in which the ~C height of the profiling is larger in the step-in region when compared with the remaining regions.
Regarding such embodiments one may say that the climb-ing characteristics are not influenced essentially by the magni-tude of the grade, however, they are defined substantially by the force influenced exerted onto the snow upper surface, at which upper surface of the snow becomes sheared off. The snow resistance to shearing off is again depending of the always present snow type.
Yet another item of prior art makes an attempt, on the other hand, to attain a good gliding characteristic by a special structuring of the gliding surface of the "scales". The arched basic shape of the scales will lead, however, in the climbing "_ . ~r o~
~LZ57~83 phase, to the formation of the force components which are oblique to the running direction, which cause a untimely shearing off of the upper surface of the snow and, thereby, the cli~bing effect of the profile becomes substantially reduced.
In contrast to the so far described embodiments of claiming aids other publications describe a different approach. These applications describe an arrangement of climbing aids arranged only on the inner side of the ski. The outer sides are in both laid-open applications formed for good gliding. And with these so arranged climbing aides a good climbing effect can be at-tained, however; with such running surface structuring an ap-propriate running style is necessary. The climbing effect of such structured climbing zone will not extend without waxing onto the smooth cover in the middle reqion in order that good climbing characteristics could be obtained.
Other embodiments attempt to substantially increase the gliding speed by non-uniform distribution of the profiling on the running surface of the ski.
In a publication such profiling is in the form of parallel grooves running along the longitudinal edges of the ski. Such embodiment is characterized by a squeaking noise occurring during the gliding, which in turn will lead to an increased frictional loss.
In other prior art the object is to suppress such "squea-king" ste~ming from the above arrangement.
Such object is proposed to be solved by a non-harmonic, special group arrangement of rows, wherein the rows are sys-~.Z57883 tematically offset with respect to each other.
Also in such embodiment the traveling noises cannot becompletely eliminated with the help of the group-formation.
An object of an aspect of this invention is to provide a new running surface profiling which combines an optimum gliding and climbing characteristic.
The technical drawbacks of the known running surface profilins arrangements are especially caused in that so far developed profile forms insufficiently consider the special requirements of the different snow types, the special loadings of the ski in the push-off and gliding phase, as well as the de~ails of the process during the sticking, respectively, gliding of the profiling with respect to the snow, as well as the same during the transition phase sticking/gliding/sticking.
Therefore, the object of another aspect of this invention is to provide an appropriate structuring of the profiling which fully considers the requirements of the different snow types, the special loading of the ski during the push-off gliding phase, as well as the process of sticking and gliding frictions immediately associated therewith and, also the same during the transition phase.
Such object is solved according to the invention in that the employed profiling comprises exclusively edges which are arranged vertically and parallel with respect to the running direction.
As result of research and experimentation it can be proved, that climbing edges (Kl, K2) which are arranged vertically with respect to the running direction will attain the best climbing ~ 2S7~83 characteristics. On the other hand, the edges (K3) which run parallel with respect to the running direction, will assure the side guiding of the ski.
Thus the invention comprises running surface for cross-country skis with or without a guide groove running in a longitudinal direction of the ski as well as with a profiling arranged in the middle longitudinal region of the ski, which exclusive y comprises straight, vertical and parallel edges with respect to the direction of running, characterized in that the climbing profile formed in such manner in the plane of the contact of the ski with the snow, is arranged statistically and two-dimensionally and, wherein the pairs of climbing edge rows following each other are arranged on a gliding arch.
The invention provides that the such formed climbing profile in the plane of the surface of the ski contacting the snow is arranged in a two-dimensional form statistically. On the basis of such two-dimensionally statistical arrangement the periodically occurring sinking of the running sole profile into the climbing profile which has been impressed into the snow and, the subsequently followed lifting up of the ski is avoided whereby the sliding resistance is substantially reduced when compared with the hereto known profile formations. In addition, it is characterized in ~L2~78~3 that the paths of the climbing edge rows (Kl, K2) directly following behind each other are arranged on a glide arch (Fig. 3). As a result, in one aspect, in the gliding phase a large upper surface of the individual climbing aid elements will come into contact with the upper surface of the snow and thereby the gliding resistence will be kept slight, while the ski will sink into the upper surface of the snow only slightly and, on the other hand, the fact that a hard snow will possess a highhforce absorbing capacity than a softer snow, has been fully considered. Herein the expression Force absorbing capacity should mean that the force parallel to the upper surface of the snow, which is required in order to shear-off the upper layer of the snow. With the help of the embodiment according to the invention, where-in the edge height H2 of the edges K2 is somewhat smaller than the edge height Hl of the edge Kl (see Fig. 3~, is assured that in the event of hard snow only the edges Kl and,on hand of soft snow,the edges Kl as well as the edges K2 will go into engagement. Therefore, in the case of soft snow the redu,ced force absorbing characteristic will be compensated by means of the additionally effective edges K2.
Furthermore, it is essential~ that the middle edge length bn in the push-off region A is kept the smallest and increases in the direction of the ski tip, respectively, ski end, continuously and/or discontinuously, and wherein in the end regions of the longitudinal extent of the profiling the maximum value bn is attained.
region (Fig . l) Such diminution of bn in the push-off/in as much as the specific pressure on a climbing aid element is thereby substantially increased and will lead to a resultant increase in the climbing effect on hard snow, respectively, crusted snow, however, it is always assured that the push-off region will lift itself off due to the ski tension and)there will always be assured an optimum gliding on the longitudinal edges bn in the zones outside the push-off region.
It is also charactertistic that the middle edge length bn iS the smallest on the inner edge of the ski and increases continuousY~nd/or discontinuously ~578~
in the direction of the outer edge of the ski, wherein such change of bn over the entire region of the longitudinal extent of the profiling or even over partial regions thereof can be provided continuously and/or discontin-uously, whereby the fact has been given consideration, that during the push-off, respectively, climbing, the inner region of the ski becomes more loaded than the outer region, and wherein due to such measures the specific pressure falling on a climbing aid element wi11 be substantially increased on the inner edge of the ski and,thereby, the above-described effects can be attained. The combined effect of all inventive features is brought about by an optimum shaped running surface profiling. In the following the invention will be explained in more detail on hand of an embodiment in conjunction with five drawings which illustrate in:
Fig. 1: a ski with functional zones Fig. 2: a sketch of the newly developed profiling Fig. 3: a cross-section with side view of the profiling Figs. 4-7: variants of the statistical distribution over the profiling length an, respectively, bn.
EMBODIMENTS
As illustrated in Figs. 1-3, in the middle region of the running surface S a step-shaped profiling is provided, to which in the direction of the ski tip and ski end a smooth running sole layer A and Hi is joined. As a material, PE is preferred.
The step-shaped profiling comprises an arch-like upper surface (gliding arch) rising backward up to the edge 1 and, which according to Fig. 3~is curved in such a manner, that a large upper surface of the in-dividual profiling elements will come into contact with the upper surface of the snow and, thereby in the gliding phase of the ski the gliding re-sistance will be kept slight, while the ski will sink into the upper surface of the snow only to a small extent.
3L~2578~3 A systematic analysis of all possible profile shapes has proved, that the formation of straight climbing edges Kl; K2 I with respect to the running direction will lead to best climbing cllaracteristics. The climbing character-istics of the ski is determined by the total length of the edges which sink into the upper surface of the snow. The edges K3 which are parallel with respect to the running direction will assure a side guiding during the climbing phase.
The shape and variation of the straight edges K1; K2 vertically and parallel with respect to the running direction according to the invention will assure that no force components are produced obliquely during push-~ff with respect to the running direction. As a result, it is assured, that the force absorbing properties in the push-off direction become used to a maximum extent.
It has been noted with surprise, that hard snow possesses a much higher force absorbing capacity than the soft snow. Herein the phrase force absorbing capacity one should understand a force which is II with respect to the upper surface of the snow and which is required in order to shear off the upper layer of the snow. If during push-off the force exerted by the runner through the profile region is greater than the force absorbing capacity of the snow, then the upper snow layer becomes sheared off and the ski will roll back during the push-off.
In the individual profiling rows which are I with respect to the running direction, the straight edges Kl, K2 are arranged always with different edge height.
The edges K2 are slightly offset in the direction of the ski end with respect to the edges Kl. As a result, the curving of the upper surface of the individual profile elements into a gliding arch, will result in that the edge height H2 of the edges K2 is slightly smaller than the edge height H1 of the edges K2 (see Fig. 3).
As a result, it will be assured that during a slight sinking of the ~257~83 profile into the hard upper surface of the snow will bring about only an influence of the edges Kl.
In the case of soft snow the profile will sink much deeper into the snow and the edges Kl; K2 can be effective jointly.
As a result, in soft snow, the reduced force absorbing capacity will be compensated by the additionally effective edges K2. This results in the assurance, that in the case of different snow types (hard, respectively, soft snow) a constant climbing characteristics for the ski can be obtained.
Experiments have proved that the running sole profiling with constant profile spacing I and II with respect to the running direction, during gliding a relatively high gliding resistance is the result. The cause for the increased gliding resistance in the glide phase of the ski can be explained by that the ski during the forward gliding will sink into its own profiling pattern which has been already impressed into the snow. Simultaneously during the gliding a periodically recurring lifting of the ski will occur from such pattern which has been impressed into the snow. The energy which is necessary for this will be derived from the kinetic energy of the skier whereby his run will be slowed down.
This effect may be avoided, according to an embodiment (Fig. 2~, by a pure statistical distribution of the spacing of the climbing aid elements which are II and I with respect to the running direction (two-dimensional).
Such statistical distribution can be brought about in the following manner: With a given constant mean spacing of the profiling rows is an and with a maximum variation width ~ anmaX , the individual spacing of the profiling rows can statistically vary with + ~an within the maximum variation width a anmaX. As a result, the total spacing from row to row will always have a magnitude of an + ~an-The statistical distribution of the edge length bn can, similarly as described, be realized. The individual spacing of the profiling elements which are I with respect to the running direction has, therefore, a value, ~257883 respectively, magnitude of bn + ~ bn~ according to Fig. 2.
A viewing in total, in this last mentioned embodiment, the mean spacing bn will be retained over the entire profiling region S and the ski width J (see Fig. 4), wherein a statistical distribution of the individual spacing bn in this embodiment has been proved. Due to the pure statistical distribution of the individual profiling elements on the running sole, the gliding resist-ance will become substantially reduced inasmuch as due to the above-mentioned distribution, the pattern which has been impressed during the gliding phase will not become overlapped by a pattern of the profiling region of the ski. As a result, a sinking of the ski into its own pattern and the resulting increased energy output during the gliding movement becomes eliminated.
A noticeably reduced gliding resistence and the associated increase of the gliding speed of the ski in all snow types, which are suitable for the ski sport, will be the result of such arrangement of the profiling elements.
Such object becomes accomplished in the simplest fashion by a statistical arrangement of the profiling elements in the region S, at which the mean value bn is constant and will thereby correspond to the simplest practical example.
A third advantage of the shaping of the profiling zone according to the invention resides in that the traveling noises and the whistling sound are suppressed, which in the profiling having periodically following spacings will appear negatively.
For an appropriate changing of the climbing characteristics -the edge lengths bn can be varied in dependence from the length of profiling region (Fig. 1.
The ebodiments according to Figs. 5-7 illustrat~ three possibilities for the execution of the mean spacing bn~
According to Fig. 5, in an embodiment the mean edge length bn is varied from the middle of the profiling region in the direction of the ski tip ~ZS78~33 and the ski end acording to the curve shown in Fig. 5. The statistical distribution of the profiling elements becomes analagous to the above described manner.
The reason for the narrowing of the bn in the push-off region A (Fig.
1) is to improve the climbing effect. By the reduction of the edge length bn the specific pressure falling on a climbing aid element will increase, thereby the climbing effect on hard snow, especially, on crusted snow, becomes increased.
A similar effect can be accomplished with the embodiments by a corres-ponding selection of the distribution in va1ue of the spacing bn according to Figs. ~ and 7.
Another possibility for improving the climbing effect resides in theutilization of practical experience, namely, during the push-ofF, respectively, climbing, the ski inner region will become loaded more than the outer region.
Therefore, in a further embodiment the possibilities are present, that the variations of bn according to Figs. S, 6 and 7 should be arranged only onto the inner side and, on the outer side the bn in the climbing aiding region should not be varied.
The invention relates to the formation fo the running surface of skis, especially cross-country skis with or without a guide groove running in the longitudinal direction of the ski and, a profiling arranged in the middle longitudinal region of the ski.
Running surface profiling for the improvement of the climbing effect of skis has been known since long. The various basic forms of the profiling are related to each other in one or more of their systematic arrangements. With the various profile forms one attempts to find a compromise between good climbing and good gliding characteristics. The prior art describes ac-cordingly an embodiment which is characterized by flat rectangu-lar surfaces arranged obliquely with respect to the snow upper surface in lateral or longitudinal directions of the ski with a constant spacing. ~or the sake of good climbing characteris-tics, in this embodiment due to the shaping and arrangement of the gliding surface, one will sacrifice good gliding characteris-tic.
Other prior art describes embodiments in which the ~C height of the profiling is larger in the step-in region when compared with the remaining regions.
Regarding such embodiments one may say that the climb-ing characteristics are not influenced essentially by the magni-tude of the grade, however, they are defined substantially by the force influenced exerted onto the snow upper surface, at which upper surface of the snow becomes sheared off. The snow resistance to shearing off is again depending of the always present snow type.
Yet another item of prior art makes an attempt, on the other hand, to attain a good gliding characteristic by a special structuring of the gliding surface of the "scales". The arched basic shape of the scales will lead, however, in the climbing "_ . ~r o~
~LZ57~83 phase, to the formation of the force components which are oblique to the running direction, which cause a untimely shearing off of the upper surface of the snow and, thereby, the cli~bing effect of the profile becomes substantially reduced.
In contrast to the so far described embodiments of claiming aids other publications describe a different approach. These applications describe an arrangement of climbing aids arranged only on the inner side of the ski. The outer sides are in both laid-open applications formed for good gliding. And with these so arranged climbing aides a good climbing effect can be at-tained, however; with such running surface structuring an ap-propriate running style is necessary. The climbing effect of such structured climbing zone will not extend without waxing onto the smooth cover in the middle reqion in order that good climbing characteristics could be obtained.
Other embodiments attempt to substantially increase the gliding speed by non-uniform distribution of the profiling on the running surface of the ski.
In a publication such profiling is in the form of parallel grooves running along the longitudinal edges of the ski. Such embodiment is characterized by a squeaking noise occurring during the gliding, which in turn will lead to an increased frictional loss.
In other prior art the object is to suppress such "squea-king" ste~ming from the above arrangement.
Such object is proposed to be solved by a non-harmonic, special group arrangement of rows, wherein the rows are sys-~.Z57883 tematically offset with respect to each other.
Also in such embodiment the traveling noises cannot becompletely eliminated with the help of the group-formation.
An object of an aspect of this invention is to provide a new running surface profiling which combines an optimum gliding and climbing characteristic.
The technical drawbacks of the known running surface profilins arrangements are especially caused in that so far developed profile forms insufficiently consider the special requirements of the different snow types, the special loadings of the ski in the push-off and gliding phase, as well as the de~ails of the process during the sticking, respectively, gliding of the profiling with respect to the snow, as well as the same during the transition phase sticking/gliding/sticking.
Therefore, the object of another aspect of this invention is to provide an appropriate structuring of the profiling which fully considers the requirements of the different snow types, the special loading of the ski during the push-off gliding phase, as well as the process of sticking and gliding frictions immediately associated therewith and, also the same during the transition phase.
Such object is solved according to the invention in that the employed profiling comprises exclusively edges which are arranged vertically and parallel with respect to the running direction.
As result of research and experimentation it can be proved, that climbing edges (Kl, K2) which are arranged vertically with respect to the running direction will attain the best climbing ~ 2S7~83 characteristics. On the other hand, the edges (K3) which run parallel with respect to the running direction, will assure the side guiding of the ski.
Thus the invention comprises running surface for cross-country skis with or without a guide groove running in a longitudinal direction of the ski as well as with a profiling arranged in the middle longitudinal region of the ski, which exclusive y comprises straight, vertical and parallel edges with respect to the direction of running, characterized in that the climbing profile formed in such manner in the plane of the contact of the ski with the snow, is arranged statistically and two-dimensionally and, wherein the pairs of climbing edge rows following each other are arranged on a gliding arch.
The invention provides that the such formed climbing profile in the plane of the surface of the ski contacting the snow is arranged in a two-dimensional form statistically. On the basis of such two-dimensionally statistical arrangement the periodically occurring sinking of the running sole profile into the climbing profile which has been impressed into the snow and, the subsequently followed lifting up of the ski is avoided whereby the sliding resistance is substantially reduced when compared with the hereto known profile formations. In addition, it is characterized in ~L2~78~3 that the paths of the climbing edge rows (Kl, K2) directly following behind each other are arranged on a glide arch (Fig. 3). As a result, in one aspect, in the gliding phase a large upper surface of the individual climbing aid elements will come into contact with the upper surface of the snow and thereby the gliding resistence will be kept slight, while the ski will sink into the upper surface of the snow only slightly and, on the other hand, the fact that a hard snow will possess a highhforce absorbing capacity than a softer snow, has been fully considered. Herein the expression Force absorbing capacity should mean that the force parallel to the upper surface of the snow, which is required in order to shear-off the upper layer of the snow. With the help of the embodiment according to the invention, where-in the edge height H2 of the edges K2 is somewhat smaller than the edge height Hl of the edge Kl (see Fig. 3~, is assured that in the event of hard snow only the edges Kl and,on hand of soft snow,the edges Kl as well as the edges K2 will go into engagement. Therefore, in the case of soft snow the redu,ced force absorbing characteristic will be compensated by means of the additionally effective edges K2.
Furthermore, it is essential~ that the middle edge length bn in the push-off region A is kept the smallest and increases in the direction of the ski tip, respectively, ski end, continuously and/or discontinuously, and wherein in the end regions of the longitudinal extent of the profiling the maximum value bn is attained.
region (Fig . l) Such diminution of bn in the push-off/in as much as the specific pressure on a climbing aid element is thereby substantially increased and will lead to a resultant increase in the climbing effect on hard snow, respectively, crusted snow, however, it is always assured that the push-off region will lift itself off due to the ski tension and)there will always be assured an optimum gliding on the longitudinal edges bn in the zones outside the push-off region.
It is also charactertistic that the middle edge length bn iS the smallest on the inner edge of the ski and increases continuousY~nd/or discontinuously ~578~
in the direction of the outer edge of the ski, wherein such change of bn over the entire region of the longitudinal extent of the profiling or even over partial regions thereof can be provided continuously and/or discontin-uously, whereby the fact has been given consideration, that during the push-off, respectively, climbing, the inner region of the ski becomes more loaded than the outer region, and wherein due to such measures the specific pressure falling on a climbing aid element wi11 be substantially increased on the inner edge of the ski and,thereby, the above-described effects can be attained. The combined effect of all inventive features is brought about by an optimum shaped running surface profiling. In the following the invention will be explained in more detail on hand of an embodiment in conjunction with five drawings which illustrate in:
Fig. 1: a ski with functional zones Fig. 2: a sketch of the newly developed profiling Fig. 3: a cross-section with side view of the profiling Figs. 4-7: variants of the statistical distribution over the profiling length an, respectively, bn.
EMBODIMENTS
As illustrated in Figs. 1-3, in the middle region of the running surface S a step-shaped profiling is provided, to which in the direction of the ski tip and ski end a smooth running sole layer A and Hi is joined. As a material, PE is preferred.
The step-shaped profiling comprises an arch-like upper surface (gliding arch) rising backward up to the edge 1 and, which according to Fig. 3~is curved in such a manner, that a large upper surface of the in-dividual profiling elements will come into contact with the upper surface of the snow and, thereby in the gliding phase of the ski the gliding re-sistance will be kept slight, while the ski will sink into the upper surface of the snow only to a small extent.
3L~2578~3 A systematic analysis of all possible profile shapes has proved, that the formation of straight climbing edges Kl; K2 I with respect to the running direction will lead to best climbing cllaracteristics. The climbing character-istics of the ski is determined by the total length of the edges which sink into the upper surface of the snow. The edges K3 which are parallel with respect to the running direction will assure a side guiding during the climbing phase.
The shape and variation of the straight edges K1; K2 vertically and parallel with respect to the running direction according to the invention will assure that no force components are produced obliquely during push-~ff with respect to the running direction. As a result, it is assured, that the force absorbing properties in the push-off direction become used to a maximum extent.
It has been noted with surprise, that hard snow possesses a much higher force absorbing capacity than the soft snow. Herein the phrase force absorbing capacity one should understand a force which is II with respect to the upper surface of the snow and which is required in order to shear off the upper layer of the snow. If during push-off the force exerted by the runner through the profile region is greater than the force absorbing capacity of the snow, then the upper snow layer becomes sheared off and the ski will roll back during the push-off.
In the individual profiling rows which are I with respect to the running direction, the straight edges Kl, K2 are arranged always with different edge height.
The edges K2 are slightly offset in the direction of the ski end with respect to the edges Kl. As a result, the curving of the upper surface of the individual profile elements into a gliding arch, will result in that the edge height H2 of the edges K2 is slightly smaller than the edge height H1 of the edges K2 (see Fig. 3).
As a result, it will be assured that during a slight sinking of the ~257~83 profile into the hard upper surface of the snow will bring about only an influence of the edges Kl.
In the case of soft snow the profile will sink much deeper into the snow and the edges Kl; K2 can be effective jointly.
As a result, in soft snow, the reduced force absorbing capacity will be compensated by the additionally effective edges K2. This results in the assurance, that in the case of different snow types (hard, respectively, soft snow) a constant climbing characteristics for the ski can be obtained.
Experiments have proved that the running sole profiling with constant profile spacing I and II with respect to the running direction, during gliding a relatively high gliding resistance is the result. The cause for the increased gliding resistance in the glide phase of the ski can be explained by that the ski during the forward gliding will sink into its own profiling pattern which has been already impressed into the snow. Simultaneously during the gliding a periodically recurring lifting of the ski will occur from such pattern which has been impressed into the snow. The energy which is necessary for this will be derived from the kinetic energy of the skier whereby his run will be slowed down.
This effect may be avoided, according to an embodiment (Fig. 2~, by a pure statistical distribution of the spacing of the climbing aid elements which are II and I with respect to the running direction (two-dimensional).
Such statistical distribution can be brought about in the following manner: With a given constant mean spacing of the profiling rows is an and with a maximum variation width ~ anmaX , the individual spacing of the profiling rows can statistically vary with + ~an within the maximum variation width a anmaX. As a result, the total spacing from row to row will always have a magnitude of an + ~an-The statistical distribution of the edge length bn can, similarly as described, be realized. The individual spacing of the profiling elements which are I with respect to the running direction has, therefore, a value, ~257883 respectively, magnitude of bn + ~ bn~ according to Fig. 2.
A viewing in total, in this last mentioned embodiment, the mean spacing bn will be retained over the entire profiling region S and the ski width J (see Fig. 4), wherein a statistical distribution of the individual spacing bn in this embodiment has been proved. Due to the pure statistical distribution of the individual profiling elements on the running sole, the gliding resist-ance will become substantially reduced inasmuch as due to the above-mentioned distribution, the pattern which has been impressed during the gliding phase will not become overlapped by a pattern of the profiling region of the ski. As a result, a sinking of the ski into its own pattern and the resulting increased energy output during the gliding movement becomes eliminated.
A noticeably reduced gliding resistence and the associated increase of the gliding speed of the ski in all snow types, which are suitable for the ski sport, will be the result of such arrangement of the profiling elements.
Such object becomes accomplished in the simplest fashion by a statistical arrangement of the profiling elements in the region S, at which the mean value bn is constant and will thereby correspond to the simplest practical example.
A third advantage of the shaping of the profiling zone according to the invention resides in that the traveling noises and the whistling sound are suppressed, which in the profiling having periodically following spacings will appear negatively.
For an appropriate changing of the climbing characteristics -the edge lengths bn can be varied in dependence from the length of profiling region (Fig. 1.
The ebodiments according to Figs. 5-7 illustrat~ three possibilities for the execution of the mean spacing bn~
According to Fig. 5, in an embodiment the mean edge length bn is varied from the middle of the profiling region in the direction of the ski tip ~ZS78~33 and the ski end acording to the curve shown in Fig. 5. The statistical distribution of the profiling elements becomes analagous to the above described manner.
The reason for the narrowing of the bn in the push-off region A (Fig.
1) is to improve the climbing effect. By the reduction of the edge length bn the specific pressure falling on a climbing aid element will increase, thereby the climbing effect on hard snow, especially, on crusted snow, becomes increased.
A similar effect can be accomplished with the embodiments by a corres-ponding selection of the distribution in va1ue of the spacing bn according to Figs. ~ and 7.
Another possibility for improving the climbing effect resides in theutilization of practical experience, namely, during the push-ofF, respectively, climbing, the ski inner region will become loaded more than the outer region.
Therefore, in a further embodiment the possibilities are present, that the variations of bn according to Figs. S, 6 and 7 should be arranged only onto the inner side and, on the outer side the bn in the climbing aiding region should not be varied.
Claims (3)
1. Running surface for cross-country skis with or without a guide groove running in a longitudinal direction of the ski as well as with a profiling arranged in the middle longitudinal region of the ski, which exclusively comprises straight, vertical and parallel edges with respect to the direction of running, characterized in that the climbing profile formed in such manner in the plane of the contact of the ski with the snow, is arranged statistically and two-dimensionally and, wherein the pairs of climbing edge rows following each other are arranged on a gliding arch.
2. Running sole for cross-country ski according to claim 1, characterized in that the mean edge length (?n) in the push-off region (A) is the smallest and increases continuously and/or discontinuously in a direction of the ski tip, respectively, ski end, and wherein in the end region of the longitudinal extent of the profiling the maximum value of mean edge length (?n) is attained.
3. Running surface for a cross-country ski according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the mean edge length (?n) is smallest on the inner edge of the ski and increases continuously and/or discontinuously in the direction of the outer edge of the ski, wherein such variation of the mean edge length ?n over the entire region of the longitudinal extent of the profiling or also over partial regions thereof can be made continuous and/or discontinuous.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000495391A CA1257883A (en) | 1985-11-14 | 1985-11-14 | Running surface construction for skis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000495391A CA1257883A (en) | 1985-11-14 | 1985-11-14 | Running surface construction for skis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1257883A true CA1257883A (en) | 1989-07-25 |
Family
ID=4131898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000495391A Expired CA1257883A (en) | 1985-11-14 | 1985-11-14 | Running surface construction for skis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1257883A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-11-14 CA CA000495391A patent/CA1257883A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |