CA1256764A - Poppet valve spring retainer with mechanical/hydraulic adjustment means for internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Poppet valve spring retainer with mechanical/hydraulic adjustment means for internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1256764A CA1256764A CA000399668A CA399668A CA1256764A CA 1256764 A CA1256764 A CA 1256764A CA 000399668 A CA000399668 A CA 000399668A CA 399668 A CA399668 A CA 399668A CA 1256764 A CA1256764 A CA 1256764A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- spring retainer
- valve spring
- adjustor
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
POPPET VALVE SPRING RETAINER WITH MECHANICAL/HYDRAULIC
ADJUSTMENT MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
ABSTRACT
A device for the adjustment of the gap between the valve stem and rocker arm or cam shaft of an internal combustion engine having a lower valve spring retainer base and upper cap member with adjustment means associated therewith.
ADJUSTMENT MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
ABSTRACT
A device for the adjustment of the gap between the valve stem and rocker arm or cam shaft of an internal combustion engine having a lower valve spring retainer base and upper cap member with adjustment means associated therewith.
Description
~25~76~L
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The device of this invention resides in the area of valve adjustment means for internal combustion engines having overhead cams or rocker arms and more particularly relates to a valve spring retainer including means for adjustment of the gap between the cam shaEt and/or rocker arm and valve stem, and an hydraulic embodiment oL same.
History of the Prior Art In -typical overhead cam engines the valves are operated by a rocker arm pushing on the valve stem or cam shaft pushing on bucket tappets.
The rocker arm is usually actuated by a cam located in association therewith. In order to provide for the thermal expansion of the valve stem due to the heat created by the fuel combustion within the engine, gaps are usually provided between the valve stem and rocker arm. Most adjustments of the gap mentioned above are accomplished by means of locked screw or the use of shims placed within the bucket member positioned over the valve spring retainer. Although such adjustments are relatively simple, in many instances one must remove the cam shaft 1. $~
76~
from the vehicle in order to place the shims in position under the bucket. In other systems the bucket may be adjusted by providing a tapered screw member threaded across the top of the valve stem so that if it is rotated upward, it raises the bucket or if it is rotated downward, it lowers the bucket. A gap adjustment device that is pertinent to the device of this invention is disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,722,204 issued to Adolph Wente entitled "Means for Adjusting the Lost Motion oE the Valve Actuation in Internal Combustion Engines."
This system provides adjusting means that utilize a threaded valve stem on which a nut-like member is rotatably threaded. Systems such as this must provide means to prevent rotation of the valve stem when the nut is rotated thereon for adjustment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a device for the adjustment of the gap between a valve stem and rocker arm which is substantially lighter in weight to that used in the present art, which is significantly less bulky, which replaces three to four elements now utilized to accomplish the same adjustment, and which removes the point of direct actuation of the valve stem from its top thereby lessening the stress on such stem and allowing it to be lighter in weight. It is a further object that the valve spring's resistance to colnpression not be transferred directly to the top of the valve stem as presently done in the prior art.
The device of the present invention is comprised of a valve spring retainer base which is adapted to fit over the valve spring and has an fi76~
aperture through a central portion thereof for receipt of the valve stem, and lip means for the engagement of an outer and inner valve spring if such is used in the engine. The valve spring retainer base further has a central portion threaded on its inside and an upwardly extending outer portion threaded along its inside. The outer valve spring lip member located below the outer threaded portion of the valve spring retainer base projects downward to fit over, engage and retain the valve's outer spring. At a position along the periphery of the upper portion of the outer section of the valve spring retainer base is a lock bolt receipt aperture whose function will be described below. A
valve adjustor cap is also provided having on its bottom a central projection with threads upon the outer portion thereof adapted to be threadedly engaged into the inner threaded portion of the valve spring retainer base. The valve adjustor cap has along its outer periphery a threaded portion adapted to engage into the outer threaded portion of the valve spring retainer base. The top of the valve adjustor cap has a section thereon which is polygonal and, in a preferred embodiment, is hexagonal adapted to be engaged for the rotation by a wrench within the valve spring retainer base. A lock bolt is provided along with a cap lock member having an aperture there~n through which the lock bolt may pass. The cap lock member has a lip member adapted to engage into a selected one of a plurality of apertures disposed around the periphery of the valve adjustor cap so that when the valve adjustor cap is rotated within the valve spring retainer base to its desired height for the adjustment of the gap between the valve stem and the rocker arm, it may be locked into position by the placement of the cap lock member with the ~Z~;~7~*
lip or lips thereof engaged into the closest of the apertures within the valve adjustor cap. The lock bolt is then passed -through the aperture within the cap lock member and passed into the lock bolt receipt aperture in the valve spring retainer base and is affixed into position by a nut threaded on its extending portion. Within the central portion of the projection centrally located on the underside of the valve adjustor cap is defined an area adapted for receipt of a valve stem spring member which fits therein and a valve stem bushing. The valve stem bushing has a projection upon one side thereof whi~h engages the valve stem spring member. The valve stem bushing is adapted to fit into the valve stem bushing receipt area defined within the valve spring retainer base. The valve stem receipt aperture defined in the valve spring retainer base is constructed somewhat more narrowly at its base than at its top. When the valve stem is positioned therein, a valve keeper key is placed within a groove in the top of the valve stem which is then adapted to move freely in the top of the valve stem receipt aperture but not pass downward out of the valve stem receipt aperture due to the fact that the base of the valve stem receipt aperture is narrower than the valve keeper key positioned on the valve stem. When positioned on the valve stem, this key retains the structure of this invention in place on top of the valve stem, and the valve spring is compressed keeping the valve in an upward position closing its associated port. When the top of the valve adjustor cap is struck by the cam directly or in some cases by the rocker arm, the valve's port will be opened.
It has been found preferable to have the valve adjustor cap ~llZ~S7~
supported at both its center and its periphery rather than merely at one or the other posi~ion to prevent deformation at its center and to help distribute the force load more evenly over the top surface of the valve adjustor cap. It is expected that in the operation of this device the valve stem will be rotated to various positions during use which rotation assists in the distribution of any wear thereon. To prevent any difficulty in threading the valve adjustor cap into the valve spring retainer base due to unmatched threads between the inner and outer threads, one may in an additional embodiment have the valve adjustor cap constructed oE two pieces, one being the outer threaded ring with a lip for the support of the outer portion of the inner cap. This outer threaded ring can have a plurality of projections extending from its top so that when the cap is threaded into the central thread of the valve adjustor base, these projections can be grasped by a tool and the outer threaded ring rotated to raise its lip to support the periphery of the valve cap. The valve adjustor cap may also have an insert aperture defined therein to receive a polygonal hardened steel insert if the valve cap and valve spring retainer base are to be constructed of aluminum or other light material which might wear too easily from the action of the rocker arm or cam.
The spring-loaded bushing has been provided to help keep the valve in place when the device of this invention is depressed. It further assures that the valve stem will move downward at the same time or at an extremely short time after the device of this invention has started its downward movement. It still further allows for the possibility of expansion of the valve stem therein especially when the retainer adjustor is adjusted for a zero gap. Further, it helps eliminate a certain amount of the noise caused by the valve stem striking directly against the valve adjustor cap. It also keeps pressure on the valve stem even when the device of this invention is depressed to prevent or minimize any upward movement of the valve stem on its own as the depressing force of the valve cap is not focused directly upon the stem of the valve but is on the valve spring.
In some embodiments there may be provided one or more holes drilled within the valve spring retainer base as well as the cap that would allow oil to circulate within the chamber formed between the valve spring retainer base and the valve adjustor cap. The oil circulating through these holes will provide lubrication within the chamber and will also assist in decreasing noise by filling the relatively open chamber in which there might tend to be certain resonances. This embodiment will also assist in keeping the valve spring retainer base and valve adjustor cap cooler so that heat from cam friction and heat transferred from the valve head through the valve stem to this invention would be dissipated more quickly.
Also disclosed herein is an embodiment of the valve adjustor base and cap member which can be utilized with hydraulic lifters. Since no adjustments are needed in hydraulic lifters as are needed in mechanical lifters, there are no threaded parts provided between the cap member and the valve spring retainer base. A chamber is provided within the cap member which, when positioned within the valve spring retainer base, is held in position by~semicircular clip which fits within a groove provided in the upper portion of the valve spring retainer base. An ~2~764L
hydraulic piston is positioned above a valve stem bushing and has provided therebetween a preloaded spring and ball combination for the capture of hydraulic fluid therein upon the downward thrust of the cam or the rocker arm. The plunger may be hollowed in its upper portion and have an aperture in its bottom aligned with the ball. The ball operates as an hydraulic valve for the plunger, the plunger being just above the ball, riding in the bore just above the pressure chamber. When the cap member is depressed, it moves the plunger inward toward the center of its chamber, thereby compressing oil within the pressure chamber which action provides the means for transferring the movement of the cap member to the valve spring retainer base due to the minimal compressibility of the oil therein. Upon this increase of pressure on the device of this invention some oil will leak backwards out of the pressure chamber formed by the plunger and corresponding hollow in the valve spring retainer past the wall of the plunger. Oil flow to the pressure chamber is controlled by the ball which closes off the oil return under pressure. The ball and spring allow access of pressurized oil to the hydraulic pressure chamber through the hole in the plunger.
The design of the hydrauliic embodiment of this invention has advantages over the current art which incorporates an hydraulic lifter within a separate housing bored into the top of the cylinder head in that it allows a large percentage of this housing or tappet guide to be eliminated e~cept for a small percentage located on opposite sides of the retainer in line with the cam's direction of rotation. This design lessens the cylinder head weight and the friction between tappet and tappet guide. The hydraulic embodiment of this invention is held in position by the key on the valve , ~2~6764 stem and the pressure of the valve spring upwards against the valve spring retainer base. This embodiment simplifies substantially the construction of hydraulic lifters and lessens significantly their weight. A valve stem bushing acts as a seal and prevents the escape of oil fluid from the pressure chamber down along the valve stem. In some embodiments the valve stem bushing can be threaded into its position to prevent its movement out of its seat or sealed in position by a circlip or be an inserted cup member. In this embodiment at least one hole can be provided within the valve spring retainer body in the midsection which would allow pressurized oil to enter the reservoirs from which the pressure chamber would be fed for its proper operation. It should be no-ted that in this embodiment there is an additional reservoir if the motor should run low on oil, oil would still be provided within the pressure chamber due to its being trapped between the valve spring retainer base and the cap member.
An alternate embodiment of the hydraulic version of this invention utilizes a hardened steel upper cap member with a lower cap member made of aluminum having a reservoir defined therein. Below the reservoir is an inverted hardened steel cup member with an aperture defined therein.
A second hardened steel cup member is placed in the valve spring retainer base and contains a hollow piston member. Within the upwardly facing hollow is the spring cap and ball which control entry of fluid from the reservoir.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the device of this ~L25~
invention incorporating mechanical lifters.
Figure 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the device of this invention utilizing hydraulic lifters.
Figure 3 is an alternate embodiment of the hydraulic version.
Figure 4 is an embodiment having a solid cap.
Figure 5 is an embodiment having a round centrally threaded cap.
Figure 6 is an embodiment having a peripherally threaded cap.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) In Figure 1 spring retainer base lO has on its bot~om portions a protruding outer valve spring retaining lip 12 into which is engaged outer valve spring 20. Also seen in this view are inner valve spring lip 14 into which is engaged inner valve spring 18 and valve stem receipt aperture 16 into which the valve stem passes. Aperture 16 is somewhat narrower at its base than at its top and acts to engage the valve stem due to a small keeper key inserted into a groove at the top of the valve stem. The valve stem is not shown in this illustration for the sake of clarity since such a valve stem and key within a groove are well known in the prior art and are used in the prior art to hold the valve spring retainer in place thereon. Seen in a central portion of the valve spring retainer base 10 is valve stem bushing receipt ledge 52. Proiection 21 is centrally positioned above the valve stem receipt aperture and has a threaded portion 22 along its insides. Valve spring retainer base 10 has an upwardly extending portion 23 along its periphery having along the inside thereof an inner threaded portion 24.
Seen threaded into valve spring retainer base 10 is valve adjustor cap 26 which has positioned on its top a hexagonal member 32 for easy rotation thereof as mentioned below in relation to the valve spring retainer base 10. Such hexagonal member 32 may be constructed as an insert into a cap receipt aperture 33. A portion of the valve adjustor cap 26 protrudes downward at a central portion, its threading 27 engaging central threaded portion 22 of the valve spring retainer base 10. The outer portions of valve adjustor cap 30 can also be threaded to engage into and adjust in an upward and downward fashion as it is rotated within the valve spring retainer base 10. The valve adjustor cap can be constructed having a separate outer threaded ring portion 35 having a lip 37 adapted so that the valve adjustor cap may be supported by the lip around the cap's periphery~ A plurality of adjustment projections 39 extend from the threaded ring portion so that when the cap is centrally threaded, the threaded ring portion 35 can be backed up to it to support it by grasping and rotating such adjustment projections by a tool designed to engage them. Also seen in this view is lock bolt 36 passing through the cap lock member 38 and into the lock bolt receipt aperture 34 defined within the valve spring retainer base 10. The cap lock member is positioned within selected of the plurality of cap lock ~0 member holes 40 seen within the valve adjustor cap. A valve stem bushing 46 is provided and adapted to res-t upon its ledge 52 within the valve spring retainer base, and a spring member 45 is provided to engage both a protruding portion of the valve stem bushing 47 and a projection 42 thereabove on the valve adjustor cap to keep pressure on the valve stem as described above. A plurality of apertures 50 may be provided within the valve spring retainer base and adjustor cap member to allow 10 .
.
~2S67~
for the flow of oil therethrough.
In the hydraulic embodiment of this invention as seen in Figure 2 the valve spring retainer`base 60 has a similar shape as the shape of the valve spring retainer base of the mechanical version except that central portion 62 and the outer portion 64 of the valve spring retainer base are not threaded. Retainer cap 66 is positioned within the valve spring retainer base and held in place by retainer clip 68 which fits within groove 70 within the valve spring retainer base 60. In a first embodiment a valve stem bushing 72 is located at position 74 above the valve stem receipt aperture 76 above which is positioned plunger 78 which rides within pressure chamber 80 formed by projections 82 extending from valve spring retainer base 60. Below the plunger is located ball member 84 and ball check valve plate 86 with spring member 88 positioned therebelow. At least one aperture 90 can be provided to allow for the entrance of oil into reservoir 81 for the hydraulic action as described above and one or more apertures 92 may be positioned within the valve spring retainer body 60 and/or cap 66 to allow for the entrance of pressurized oil therein.
Illustrated in Figure 3 is the second embodiment of the hydraulic version utilizing hardened cap 91 above lower cap 92 which has a reservoir 94 defined therein with oil entrance aperture 96 to allow oil into the reservoir. This embodiment has an upper hardened steel cap 100 with an aperture defined therein positioned below the reservoir and a lower hardened steel cap 102 positioned above the valve stem receipt aperture 101. Within cup 102 is hollow p]unger 104. Within the upward facing hollow portion is ball 108 aligned with the aperture in the upper ~25~7~
cap 100. Below ball 108 is cup 110 and spring 112 which extends to the inside hollow of plunger 104. Cup 102 is a cup-shaped member within which hollow plunger 104 sits.
Figure 4 illustrates another alternate embodiment of the device of C ~his invention having cap member-~B constructed of a solid piece It should be noted that the valve spring retainer base can be constructed of aluminum or other light weight metal and the cap member may be made of the same material or of a harder steel-like material as mentioned above to resist wear.
Figure S illustrates a further alternate embodiment having a cap member with a round top 300 having apertures 302 defined therein for receipt of projections on a tool for the rotation thereof. In this embodiment only the central portion of the engagement between the cap and the valve spring retainer base is threaded and there are no threads or other engagement means at the peripheral areas 306. This embodiment is useful in applications for example when using a rocker arm which strikes only the central portion of the cap member.
Figure 6 illustra~es yet still another embodiment having the cap member only peripherally threaded.
~0 It should be noted that there are many advantages to the utilization of adjustable valve spring retainers of this invention besides their being compact and lighter in weight than the structures that accomplish similar functions in the prior art. One advantage is that the valve spring retainer cap can be set at a zero lash -than is now possible with present gap-adjusting devices without the significant problem of the valve head being forced into the combustion chamber upon 12.
7~D*
the thermal expansion of the valve stem. The gap above the bushing allows the stem to expand therein by upward movement thereof. Since the bushing in the mechanical embodiment herein is not retained rigidly in place, it can allow the valve stem to move somewhat into the valve stem retainer of this invention. This movement would also allow combustion chamber pressure to assist in closing the valve where such pressure would push the valve upwards only against the weaker pressure of the valve bushing spring which would seal the combustion chamber. In the situation where the bushing is constructed of a material of a predetermined strength and the bore above it is of the same dimensions as the valve stem receipt aperture, the valve stem retainer of this invention will advantageously provide a place of movement by its deformation when struck by the valve stem in situations where the engine is over-revved and the valve head is hit by the piston. This destruction or deformation of the bushing dissipates the destructive force, minimizing damage to the valve so that repairs may be made easily to the device of this invention without having to pull the head of~ the engine to reach a damaged valve.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be substituted therefor without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The device of this invention resides in the area of valve adjustment means for internal combustion engines having overhead cams or rocker arms and more particularly relates to a valve spring retainer including means for adjustment of the gap between the cam shaEt and/or rocker arm and valve stem, and an hydraulic embodiment oL same.
History of the Prior Art In -typical overhead cam engines the valves are operated by a rocker arm pushing on the valve stem or cam shaft pushing on bucket tappets.
The rocker arm is usually actuated by a cam located in association therewith. In order to provide for the thermal expansion of the valve stem due to the heat created by the fuel combustion within the engine, gaps are usually provided between the valve stem and rocker arm. Most adjustments of the gap mentioned above are accomplished by means of locked screw or the use of shims placed within the bucket member positioned over the valve spring retainer. Although such adjustments are relatively simple, in many instances one must remove the cam shaft 1. $~
76~
from the vehicle in order to place the shims in position under the bucket. In other systems the bucket may be adjusted by providing a tapered screw member threaded across the top of the valve stem so that if it is rotated upward, it raises the bucket or if it is rotated downward, it lowers the bucket. A gap adjustment device that is pertinent to the device of this invention is disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,722,204 issued to Adolph Wente entitled "Means for Adjusting the Lost Motion oE the Valve Actuation in Internal Combustion Engines."
This system provides adjusting means that utilize a threaded valve stem on which a nut-like member is rotatably threaded. Systems such as this must provide means to prevent rotation of the valve stem when the nut is rotated thereon for adjustment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a device for the adjustment of the gap between a valve stem and rocker arm which is substantially lighter in weight to that used in the present art, which is significantly less bulky, which replaces three to four elements now utilized to accomplish the same adjustment, and which removes the point of direct actuation of the valve stem from its top thereby lessening the stress on such stem and allowing it to be lighter in weight. It is a further object that the valve spring's resistance to colnpression not be transferred directly to the top of the valve stem as presently done in the prior art.
The device of the present invention is comprised of a valve spring retainer base which is adapted to fit over the valve spring and has an fi76~
aperture through a central portion thereof for receipt of the valve stem, and lip means for the engagement of an outer and inner valve spring if such is used in the engine. The valve spring retainer base further has a central portion threaded on its inside and an upwardly extending outer portion threaded along its inside. The outer valve spring lip member located below the outer threaded portion of the valve spring retainer base projects downward to fit over, engage and retain the valve's outer spring. At a position along the periphery of the upper portion of the outer section of the valve spring retainer base is a lock bolt receipt aperture whose function will be described below. A
valve adjustor cap is also provided having on its bottom a central projection with threads upon the outer portion thereof adapted to be threadedly engaged into the inner threaded portion of the valve spring retainer base. The valve adjustor cap has along its outer periphery a threaded portion adapted to engage into the outer threaded portion of the valve spring retainer base. The top of the valve adjustor cap has a section thereon which is polygonal and, in a preferred embodiment, is hexagonal adapted to be engaged for the rotation by a wrench within the valve spring retainer base. A lock bolt is provided along with a cap lock member having an aperture there~n through which the lock bolt may pass. The cap lock member has a lip member adapted to engage into a selected one of a plurality of apertures disposed around the periphery of the valve adjustor cap so that when the valve adjustor cap is rotated within the valve spring retainer base to its desired height for the adjustment of the gap between the valve stem and the rocker arm, it may be locked into position by the placement of the cap lock member with the ~Z~;~7~*
lip or lips thereof engaged into the closest of the apertures within the valve adjustor cap. The lock bolt is then passed -through the aperture within the cap lock member and passed into the lock bolt receipt aperture in the valve spring retainer base and is affixed into position by a nut threaded on its extending portion. Within the central portion of the projection centrally located on the underside of the valve adjustor cap is defined an area adapted for receipt of a valve stem spring member which fits therein and a valve stem bushing. The valve stem bushing has a projection upon one side thereof whi~h engages the valve stem spring member. The valve stem bushing is adapted to fit into the valve stem bushing receipt area defined within the valve spring retainer base. The valve stem receipt aperture defined in the valve spring retainer base is constructed somewhat more narrowly at its base than at its top. When the valve stem is positioned therein, a valve keeper key is placed within a groove in the top of the valve stem which is then adapted to move freely in the top of the valve stem receipt aperture but not pass downward out of the valve stem receipt aperture due to the fact that the base of the valve stem receipt aperture is narrower than the valve keeper key positioned on the valve stem. When positioned on the valve stem, this key retains the structure of this invention in place on top of the valve stem, and the valve spring is compressed keeping the valve in an upward position closing its associated port. When the top of the valve adjustor cap is struck by the cam directly or in some cases by the rocker arm, the valve's port will be opened.
It has been found preferable to have the valve adjustor cap ~llZ~S7~
supported at both its center and its periphery rather than merely at one or the other posi~ion to prevent deformation at its center and to help distribute the force load more evenly over the top surface of the valve adjustor cap. It is expected that in the operation of this device the valve stem will be rotated to various positions during use which rotation assists in the distribution of any wear thereon. To prevent any difficulty in threading the valve adjustor cap into the valve spring retainer base due to unmatched threads between the inner and outer threads, one may in an additional embodiment have the valve adjustor cap constructed oE two pieces, one being the outer threaded ring with a lip for the support of the outer portion of the inner cap. This outer threaded ring can have a plurality of projections extending from its top so that when the cap is threaded into the central thread of the valve adjustor base, these projections can be grasped by a tool and the outer threaded ring rotated to raise its lip to support the periphery of the valve cap. The valve adjustor cap may also have an insert aperture defined therein to receive a polygonal hardened steel insert if the valve cap and valve spring retainer base are to be constructed of aluminum or other light material which might wear too easily from the action of the rocker arm or cam.
The spring-loaded bushing has been provided to help keep the valve in place when the device of this invention is depressed. It further assures that the valve stem will move downward at the same time or at an extremely short time after the device of this invention has started its downward movement. It still further allows for the possibility of expansion of the valve stem therein especially when the retainer adjustor is adjusted for a zero gap. Further, it helps eliminate a certain amount of the noise caused by the valve stem striking directly against the valve adjustor cap. It also keeps pressure on the valve stem even when the device of this invention is depressed to prevent or minimize any upward movement of the valve stem on its own as the depressing force of the valve cap is not focused directly upon the stem of the valve but is on the valve spring.
In some embodiments there may be provided one or more holes drilled within the valve spring retainer base as well as the cap that would allow oil to circulate within the chamber formed between the valve spring retainer base and the valve adjustor cap. The oil circulating through these holes will provide lubrication within the chamber and will also assist in decreasing noise by filling the relatively open chamber in which there might tend to be certain resonances. This embodiment will also assist in keeping the valve spring retainer base and valve adjustor cap cooler so that heat from cam friction and heat transferred from the valve head through the valve stem to this invention would be dissipated more quickly.
Also disclosed herein is an embodiment of the valve adjustor base and cap member which can be utilized with hydraulic lifters. Since no adjustments are needed in hydraulic lifters as are needed in mechanical lifters, there are no threaded parts provided between the cap member and the valve spring retainer base. A chamber is provided within the cap member which, when positioned within the valve spring retainer base, is held in position by~semicircular clip which fits within a groove provided in the upper portion of the valve spring retainer base. An ~2~764L
hydraulic piston is positioned above a valve stem bushing and has provided therebetween a preloaded spring and ball combination for the capture of hydraulic fluid therein upon the downward thrust of the cam or the rocker arm. The plunger may be hollowed in its upper portion and have an aperture in its bottom aligned with the ball. The ball operates as an hydraulic valve for the plunger, the plunger being just above the ball, riding in the bore just above the pressure chamber. When the cap member is depressed, it moves the plunger inward toward the center of its chamber, thereby compressing oil within the pressure chamber which action provides the means for transferring the movement of the cap member to the valve spring retainer base due to the minimal compressibility of the oil therein. Upon this increase of pressure on the device of this invention some oil will leak backwards out of the pressure chamber formed by the plunger and corresponding hollow in the valve spring retainer past the wall of the plunger. Oil flow to the pressure chamber is controlled by the ball which closes off the oil return under pressure. The ball and spring allow access of pressurized oil to the hydraulic pressure chamber through the hole in the plunger.
The design of the hydrauliic embodiment of this invention has advantages over the current art which incorporates an hydraulic lifter within a separate housing bored into the top of the cylinder head in that it allows a large percentage of this housing or tappet guide to be eliminated e~cept for a small percentage located on opposite sides of the retainer in line with the cam's direction of rotation. This design lessens the cylinder head weight and the friction between tappet and tappet guide. The hydraulic embodiment of this invention is held in position by the key on the valve , ~2~6764 stem and the pressure of the valve spring upwards against the valve spring retainer base. This embodiment simplifies substantially the construction of hydraulic lifters and lessens significantly their weight. A valve stem bushing acts as a seal and prevents the escape of oil fluid from the pressure chamber down along the valve stem. In some embodiments the valve stem bushing can be threaded into its position to prevent its movement out of its seat or sealed in position by a circlip or be an inserted cup member. In this embodiment at least one hole can be provided within the valve spring retainer body in the midsection which would allow pressurized oil to enter the reservoirs from which the pressure chamber would be fed for its proper operation. It should be no-ted that in this embodiment there is an additional reservoir if the motor should run low on oil, oil would still be provided within the pressure chamber due to its being trapped between the valve spring retainer base and the cap member.
An alternate embodiment of the hydraulic version of this invention utilizes a hardened steel upper cap member with a lower cap member made of aluminum having a reservoir defined therein. Below the reservoir is an inverted hardened steel cup member with an aperture defined therein.
A second hardened steel cup member is placed in the valve spring retainer base and contains a hollow piston member. Within the upwardly facing hollow is the spring cap and ball which control entry of fluid from the reservoir.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the device of this ~L25~
invention incorporating mechanical lifters.
Figure 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the device of this invention utilizing hydraulic lifters.
Figure 3 is an alternate embodiment of the hydraulic version.
Figure 4 is an embodiment having a solid cap.
Figure 5 is an embodiment having a round centrally threaded cap.
Figure 6 is an embodiment having a peripherally threaded cap.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) In Figure 1 spring retainer base lO has on its bot~om portions a protruding outer valve spring retaining lip 12 into which is engaged outer valve spring 20. Also seen in this view are inner valve spring lip 14 into which is engaged inner valve spring 18 and valve stem receipt aperture 16 into which the valve stem passes. Aperture 16 is somewhat narrower at its base than at its top and acts to engage the valve stem due to a small keeper key inserted into a groove at the top of the valve stem. The valve stem is not shown in this illustration for the sake of clarity since such a valve stem and key within a groove are well known in the prior art and are used in the prior art to hold the valve spring retainer in place thereon. Seen in a central portion of the valve spring retainer base 10 is valve stem bushing receipt ledge 52. Proiection 21 is centrally positioned above the valve stem receipt aperture and has a threaded portion 22 along its insides. Valve spring retainer base 10 has an upwardly extending portion 23 along its periphery having along the inside thereof an inner threaded portion 24.
Seen threaded into valve spring retainer base 10 is valve adjustor cap 26 which has positioned on its top a hexagonal member 32 for easy rotation thereof as mentioned below in relation to the valve spring retainer base 10. Such hexagonal member 32 may be constructed as an insert into a cap receipt aperture 33. A portion of the valve adjustor cap 26 protrudes downward at a central portion, its threading 27 engaging central threaded portion 22 of the valve spring retainer base 10. The outer portions of valve adjustor cap 30 can also be threaded to engage into and adjust in an upward and downward fashion as it is rotated within the valve spring retainer base 10. The valve adjustor cap can be constructed having a separate outer threaded ring portion 35 having a lip 37 adapted so that the valve adjustor cap may be supported by the lip around the cap's periphery~ A plurality of adjustment projections 39 extend from the threaded ring portion so that when the cap is centrally threaded, the threaded ring portion 35 can be backed up to it to support it by grasping and rotating such adjustment projections by a tool designed to engage them. Also seen in this view is lock bolt 36 passing through the cap lock member 38 and into the lock bolt receipt aperture 34 defined within the valve spring retainer base 10. The cap lock member is positioned within selected of the plurality of cap lock ~0 member holes 40 seen within the valve adjustor cap. A valve stem bushing 46 is provided and adapted to res-t upon its ledge 52 within the valve spring retainer base, and a spring member 45 is provided to engage both a protruding portion of the valve stem bushing 47 and a projection 42 thereabove on the valve adjustor cap to keep pressure on the valve stem as described above. A plurality of apertures 50 may be provided within the valve spring retainer base and adjustor cap member to allow 10 .
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~2S67~
for the flow of oil therethrough.
In the hydraulic embodiment of this invention as seen in Figure 2 the valve spring retainer`base 60 has a similar shape as the shape of the valve spring retainer base of the mechanical version except that central portion 62 and the outer portion 64 of the valve spring retainer base are not threaded. Retainer cap 66 is positioned within the valve spring retainer base and held in place by retainer clip 68 which fits within groove 70 within the valve spring retainer base 60. In a first embodiment a valve stem bushing 72 is located at position 74 above the valve stem receipt aperture 76 above which is positioned plunger 78 which rides within pressure chamber 80 formed by projections 82 extending from valve spring retainer base 60. Below the plunger is located ball member 84 and ball check valve plate 86 with spring member 88 positioned therebelow. At least one aperture 90 can be provided to allow for the entrance of oil into reservoir 81 for the hydraulic action as described above and one or more apertures 92 may be positioned within the valve spring retainer body 60 and/or cap 66 to allow for the entrance of pressurized oil therein.
Illustrated in Figure 3 is the second embodiment of the hydraulic version utilizing hardened cap 91 above lower cap 92 which has a reservoir 94 defined therein with oil entrance aperture 96 to allow oil into the reservoir. This embodiment has an upper hardened steel cap 100 with an aperture defined therein positioned below the reservoir and a lower hardened steel cap 102 positioned above the valve stem receipt aperture 101. Within cup 102 is hollow p]unger 104. Within the upward facing hollow portion is ball 108 aligned with the aperture in the upper ~25~7~
cap 100. Below ball 108 is cup 110 and spring 112 which extends to the inside hollow of plunger 104. Cup 102 is a cup-shaped member within which hollow plunger 104 sits.
Figure 4 illustrates another alternate embodiment of the device of C ~his invention having cap member-~B constructed of a solid piece It should be noted that the valve spring retainer base can be constructed of aluminum or other light weight metal and the cap member may be made of the same material or of a harder steel-like material as mentioned above to resist wear.
Figure S illustrates a further alternate embodiment having a cap member with a round top 300 having apertures 302 defined therein for receipt of projections on a tool for the rotation thereof. In this embodiment only the central portion of the engagement between the cap and the valve spring retainer base is threaded and there are no threads or other engagement means at the peripheral areas 306. This embodiment is useful in applications for example when using a rocker arm which strikes only the central portion of the cap member.
Figure 6 illustra~es yet still another embodiment having the cap member only peripherally threaded.
~0 It should be noted that there are many advantages to the utilization of adjustable valve spring retainers of this invention besides their being compact and lighter in weight than the structures that accomplish similar functions in the prior art. One advantage is that the valve spring retainer cap can be set at a zero lash -than is now possible with present gap-adjusting devices without the significant problem of the valve head being forced into the combustion chamber upon 12.
7~D*
the thermal expansion of the valve stem. The gap above the bushing allows the stem to expand therein by upward movement thereof. Since the bushing in the mechanical embodiment herein is not retained rigidly in place, it can allow the valve stem to move somewhat into the valve stem retainer of this invention. This movement would also allow combustion chamber pressure to assist in closing the valve where such pressure would push the valve upwards only against the weaker pressure of the valve bushing spring which would seal the combustion chamber. In the situation where the bushing is constructed of a material of a predetermined strength and the bore above it is of the same dimensions as the valve stem receipt aperture, the valve stem retainer of this invention will advantageously provide a place of movement by its deformation when struck by the valve stem in situations where the engine is over-revved and the valve head is hit by the piston. This destruction or deformation of the bushing dissipates the destructive force, minimizing damage to the valve so that repairs may be made easily to the device of this invention without having to pull the head of~ the engine to reach a damaged valve.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be substituted therefor without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (24)
1. An adjustor for the adjustment of the thermal expansion gap between a valve stem and its operation means within an internal combustion engine of the type having a valve spring retainer member (10) having a valve stem receipt aperture (16) therein, characterized in that said adjustor has a body comprising:
said valve spring retainer member (10) removably retained upon said valve stem by a keeper key;
a cap member (26) adjustably attached to said valve spring retainer member (10); and means (32, 26, 27) for adjustment of a first gap between said cap member (26) and said operation means and as a result, corresponding inverse adjustment of a second gap between said cap member (26) and said valve stem, wherein said means for adjustment (32, 26, 27) include means (32) to raise or lower said cap mem-ber (26) in relation to said valve spring retainer member (10) independent of any relocation of the keeper key along the valve stem, said cap member (26) being arranged to be unattached to said valve stem in normal operation and to have indirect contact with said valve stem.
said valve spring retainer member (10) removably retained upon said valve stem by a keeper key;
a cap member (26) adjustably attached to said valve spring retainer member (10); and means (32, 26, 27) for adjustment of a first gap between said cap member (26) and said operation means and as a result, corresponding inverse adjustment of a second gap between said cap member (26) and said valve stem, wherein said means for adjustment (32, 26, 27) include means (32) to raise or lower said cap mem-ber (26) in relation to said valve spring retainer member (10) independent of any relocation of the keeper key along the valve stem, said cap member (26) being arranged to be unattached to said valve stem in normal operation and to have indirect contact with said valve stem.
2. An adjustor according to claim 1, charac-terized by lip means (12, 14) defined on said valve spring retainer member (10) for lateral retention of said valve spring (18, 20).
3. An adjustor according to claim 1, charac-terized by locking means (34, 36, 38, 40) to retain said cap member (26) in a selected position in rela-tion to said valve spring retainer member (10).
4. An adjustor according to claim 3, charac-terized in that a plurality of apertures (40) are defined within the outer periphery of the top surface of said cap member (26), said locking means (34, 36, 38, 40) being adapted to engage into selected ones of said apertures (40) to lock said cap member (26) into position to prevent rotation of same within said valve spring retainer member (10).
5. An adjustor according to claim 1, charac-terized by means (46) for limiting movement of said valve stem through said valve stem receipt aperture (16).
6. An adjustor according to claim 5, wherein said movement limiting means (46) is characterized by means to allow the thermal expansion and recipro-cating movement of said valve stem within said valve stem receipt aperture (16).
7. An adjustor according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that said movement limiting means comprises a bushing (46) to limit said movement when the bushing is contacted by said cap member (26) and also to limit inward movement of said cap member (26) during adjustment of said cap member.
8. An adjustor according to claim 1, charac-terized by including:
lip means (14) incorporated into said valve spring retainer member (10) for retention of an inner valve spring member (18);
an outer upwardly extended internally threaded portion (23) incorporated in said valve spring retainer member (10);
a central upwardly extended internally threaded portion (22) incorporated in said valve spring retainer member (10), the inner portion of which defines a bushing ledge (52);
a bushing member (46) having a central pro-jection (47) defined on an upper side, said bushing (46) being positioned on said bushing ledge (52);
a lock bolt receipt aperture (34) defined within the periphery of said upwardly extending outer portion (23) of said valve spring retainer member (10); and a spring member (45) positioned between said bushing member (46) and said valve adjustor cap member (26), said cap member including means (24, 30; 22, 27) for engagement of said valve spring retainer member (10), said means (24, 30; 22, 27) being adapted to allow the upward and downward adjustment of said valve adjustor cap (26) within said valve spring retainer member (10).
lip means (14) incorporated into said valve spring retainer member (10) for retention of an inner valve spring member (18);
an outer upwardly extended internally threaded portion (23) incorporated in said valve spring retainer member (10);
a central upwardly extended internally threaded portion (22) incorporated in said valve spring retainer member (10), the inner portion of which defines a bushing ledge (52);
a bushing member (46) having a central pro-jection (47) defined on an upper side, said bushing (46) being positioned on said bushing ledge (52);
a lock bolt receipt aperture (34) defined within the periphery of said upwardly extending outer portion (23) of said valve spring retainer member (10); and a spring member (45) positioned between said bushing member (46) and said valve adjustor cap member (26), said cap member including means (24, 30; 22, 27) for engagement of said valve spring retainer member (10), said means (24, 30; 22, 27) being adapted to allow the upward and downward adjustment of said valve adjustor cap (26) within said valve spring retainer member (10).
9. An adjustor according to claim 8, wherein said valve adjustor cap member is characterized by a threaded outer portion (30) and a threaded central projection (27), both adapted to engage the threaded portions (24, 22) of said valve spring retainer member (10).
10. An adjustor according to claim 9, charac-terized in that said valve adjustor cap member (26) is comprised of an outer threaded ring member (35) adapted threadedly to engage the outer threaded por-tion (24) of said valve spring retainer member (10) having a lip (37) around its inside circumference, said cap member (26) having an inner threaded portion (27) adapted to engage the central threaded portion (22) of the valve spring retainer member (10), and the outer periphery of which is adapted to rest upon said outer threaded ring member's inner lip (37), and means (39) to rotate said threaded ring member (35) independently of said valve adjustor cap member (26).
11. An adjustor according to claim 10, charac-terized in that a manipulable projection (32) is located within a central portion of said valve adjus-tor cap member (26) for facilitating rotation of said valve adjustor cap member within said valve spring retainer member (10).
12. An adjustor according to claim 11, wherein said projection (32) is a member insertable within an aperture defined within said valve adjustor cap mem-ber (26).
13. An hydraulic adjustor of the type used in an internal combustion engine for adjustment of the thermal expansion gap between the valve stem and its operation means, said adjustor comprising a valve spring retainer (60) and being adapted to be inter-posed between its operation means and said engine's valve stem and before said engine's valve spring, said adjustor being characterized in that:
the valve spring retainer (60) has an open top and a valve stem receipt bore (76) defined in its bottom;
a cap member (66) is attached to said valve spring retainer top;
a seal member (72) is positioned in said valve spring retainer (60) interposed between said cap member (66) and said valve stem receipt bore (76);
and in that said valve spring retainer (60), cap member (66) and seal member (72) form an hydraulic pressure chamber (80) within said valve spring retainer (60), said pressure chamber (80) having an open communica-tion (74) into said valve stem receipt bore (76) which in normal operation is closed by said seal member (72) so as to retain hydraulic fluid under pressure within said hydraulic pressure chamber (80).
the valve spring retainer (60) has an open top and a valve stem receipt bore (76) defined in its bottom;
a cap member (66) is attached to said valve spring retainer top;
a seal member (72) is positioned in said valve spring retainer (60) interposed between said cap member (66) and said valve stem receipt bore (76);
and in that said valve spring retainer (60), cap member (66) and seal member (72) form an hydraulic pressure chamber (80) within said valve spring retainer (60), said pressure chamber (80) having an open communica-tion (74) into said valve stem receipt bore (76) which in normal operation is closed by said seal member (72) so as to retain hydraulic fluid under pressure within said hydraulic pressure chamber (80).
14. An adjustor according to claim 13, charac-terized in that said seal member (72) is adapted to be removable from said valve spring retainer (60).
15. An adjustor according to claim 14, charac-terized in that:
a plunger (78) is disposed between said cap member (66) and said seal member (72) in said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) and adapted to create hydraulic fluid pressure within said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) when said cap member (66) is depressed by said operation means; and an hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) adapted to supply hydraulic fluid to said hydraulic pressure chamber (80).
a plunger (78) is disposed between said cap member (66) and said seal member (72) in said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) and adapted to create hydraulic fluid pressure within said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) when said cap member (66) is depressed by said operation means; and an hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) adapted to supply hydraulic fluid to said hydraulic pressure chamber (80).
16. An adjustor according to claim 15, charac-terized by:
lip means (12, 14) on said valve spring retainer (60) for the lateral retention of said valve spring (18, 20);
hydraulic pressure means (78) disposed in said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) for adjustment of the special relation of said cap member (66) to said seal member (72) for adjustment of said thermal expansion.
lip means (12, 14) on said valve spring retainer (60) for the lateral retention of said valve spring (18, 20);
hydraulic pressure means (78) disposed in said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) for adjustment of the special relation of said cap member (66) to said seal member (72) for adjustment of said thermal expansion.
17. An adjustor according to claim 15, character-ized in that said hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) is located within said plunger (78) and said valve spring retainer (60) further includes a secondary fluid reservoir interconnected to said hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) by at least one aperture (90) defined in said cap member (66).
18. An adjustor according to claim 17 and for use in an internal combustion engine having lubricat-ing systems fluid, characterized in that said secondary fluid reservoir has defined therein an aperture (92) for the entry thereinto of hydraulic fluid under pressure from the internal combustion engine's lubri-cating system.
19. An adjustor according to claim 18, charac-terized in that said cap member has defined therein at least one aperture (93) allowing passage of said lubricating system's fluid out of either said hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) or said secondary fluid reser-voirs, and further comprising means to supply said lubricating system's fluid under pressure through said aperture(s) (92, 93) to lubricate the upper surface of said cap member (66).
20. An adjustor according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the or each said aperture (92, 93) in said cap member allows entry of said internal combustion engine's lubricating systems fluid into said secondary fluid reservoir, said fluid then being supplied into said hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) through said aperture(s) (90) interconnecting said secondary reservoir and said hydraulic fluid reservoir (81) by means of said fluid splashing into said aper-ture(s) (90) during their reciprocating motion during the operation of said hydraulic adjustor.
21. An adjustor according to claim 1, wherein said means for adjustment of said cap member (66) in relation to said valve spring retainer member (60) incorporates an hydraulic system characterized by:
a circlip (68) retaining said cap member (66) within an upper portion (70) of said valve spring retainer member (60);
a secondary reservoir defined between said cap member (66) and said valve spring retainer (60);
a seal member (72) affixed above the valve stem receipt bore (76);
a pressure chamber (80) defined above said seal member (72);
a plunger member (78) having a hollow area defined in the upper portion thereof positioned within said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) and said hollow area forming said reservoir (81), said plunger member (78) having an aperture defined therein below said hollow area;
a ball member (84) located below said aper-ture in said plunger member (78);
a cage member (86) located below said ball member (84); and a spring member (88) positioned between said cage member (86) and said seal member (72).
a circlip (68) retaining said cap member (66) within an upper portion (70) of said valve spring retainer member (60);
a secondary reservoir defined between said cap member (66) and said valve spring retainer (60);
a seal member (72) affixed above the valve stem receipt bore (76);
a pressure chamber (80) defined above said seal member (72);
a plunger member (78) having a hollow area defined in the upper portion thereof positioned within said hydraulic pressure chamber (80) and said hollow area forming said reservoir (81), said plunger member (78) having an aperture defined therein below said hollow area;
a ball member (84) located below said aper-ture in said plunger member (78);
a cage member (86) located below said ball member (84); and a spring member (88) positioned between said cage member (86) and said seal member (72).
22. An adjustor according to claim 1, wherein said means for adjustment of said cap member (66) in relation to said valve spring retainer member (60) utilizes an hydraulic system characterized by:
a circlip (68) retaining said cap member (66) within an upper portion (70) of said valve spring retainer member (60), said cap member (66) including an upper portion (191) constructed of a hardened steel-like material and a lower portion (192) of lightweight aluminium-like material and further having defined therein a reservoir (94) with access apertures (96) defined in said cap member (66) to allow entry of oil into said reservoir (94);
the lower cap member (92) being positioned above said valve stem receipt aperture;
a plunger member (100) located within said lower cap member (192) forming a hollow inverted cup having in its upper part an aperture (106) defined therein;
a ball member (108) positioned in alignment below said aperture (106) in said plunger (100);
a cage member (110) positioned below said ball member (108);
a spring member (112) positioned between said cage member (110) and extending into the hollow of said plunger (100); and a hollow plunger (104) located in opposing relation with said plunger member (100) thereabove, said hollow plunger (104) having a seal member (102) at its base of said spring member (112).
a circlip (68) retaining said cap member (66) within an upper portion (70) of said valve spring retainer member (60), said cap member (66) including an upper portion (191) constructed of a hardened steel-like material and a lower portion (192) of lightweight aluminium-like material and further having defined therein a reservoir (94) with access apertures (96) defined in said cap member (66) to allow entry of oil into said reservoir (94);
the lower cap member (92) being positioned above said valve stem receipt aperture;
a plunger member (100) located within said lower cap member (192) forming a hollow inverted cup having in its upper part an aperture (106) defined therein;
a ball member (108) positioned in alignment below said aperture (106) in said plunger (100);
a cage member (110) positioned below said ball member (108);
a spring member (112) positioned between said cage member (110) and extending into the hollow of said plunger (100); and a hollow plunger (104) located in opposing relation with said plunger member (100) thereabove, said hollow plunger (104) having a seal member (102) at its base of said spring member (112).
23. An adjustor according to Claim 1, wherein said means for adjustment is arranged to raise or lower the cap member (66) in relation to said valve spring retainer member (60) and is characterised by being hydraulically operable (Fig 2).
24. An adjustor according to claim 1, characterized by hydraulic fluid pressure regulator means for adjustment of the thermal expansion gap between the valve stem and its operation means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000399668A CA1256764A (en) | 1982-03-29 | 1982-03-29 | Poppet valve spring retainer with mechanical/hydraulic adjustment means for internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000399668A CA1256764A (en) | 1982-03-29 | 1982-03-29 | Poppet valve spring retainer with mechanical/hydraulic adjustment means for internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1256764A true CA1256764A (en) | 1989-07-04 |
Family
ID=4122435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000399668A Expired CA1256764A (en) | 1982-03-29 | 1982-03-29 | Poppet valve spring retainer with mechanical/hydraulic adjustment means for internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1256764A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-03-29 CA CA000399668A patent/CA1256764A/en not_active Expired
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