CA1253383A - Apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheet - Google Patents
Apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1253383A CA1253383A CA000516786A CA516786A CA1253383A CA 1253383 A CA1253383 A CA 1253383A CA 000516786 A CA000516786 A CA 000516786A CA 516786 A CA516786 A CA 516786A CA 1253383 A CA1253383 A CA 1253383A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- compartments
- compartment
- valve
- pair
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000011195 Profilin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050001408 Profilin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100225969 Aquifex aeolicus (strain VF5) era gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710083262 Ectin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N amlodipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/008—Steam showers
Landscapes
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheet that passes beneath the apparatus in a direction from a leading edge to a trailing edge of the apparatus. The direction is referred to as the 'Machine Direction' Steam is directed towards the sheet from two separate zones.
The first zone being closest to the leading edge of the apparatus and the second zone being closest to the trailing edge of the apparatus.
Each zone is equally divided into a number of compartments across the width of the sheet. The direction across the sheet width is referred as the 'Cross Machine Direction', A
compartment in the first zone will, generally, line up with a compartment in the second zone. Each pair of corresponding first and second zone compartments has a single valve arrangement regulating steam from a common supply header.
The valve is designed such that steam is supplied to a compartment in the first zone from 0 - 100% of the compartment design flow before any steam is supplied to the corresponding compartment in the second zone.
Further opening of the valve supplies steam to the second zone compartment form 0 - 100% of the design flow for the Page -1-second zone compartment while maintaining full flow to the corresponding first zone compartment.
Page -2-
The first zone being closest to the leading edge of the apparatus and the second zone being closest to the trailing edge of the apparatus.
Each zone is equally divided into a number of compartments across the width of the sheet. The direction across the sheet width is referred as the 'Cross Machine Direction', A
compartment in the first zone will, generally, line up with a compartment in the second zone. Each pair of corresponding first and second zone compartments has a single valve arrangement regulating steam from a common supply header.
The valve is designed such that steam is supplied to a compartment in the first zone from 0 - 100% of the compartment design flow before any steam is supplied to the corresponding compartment in the second zone.
Further opening of the valve supplies steam to the second zone compartment form 0 - 100% of the design flow for the Page -1-second zone compartment while maintaining full flow to the corresponding first zone compartment.
Page -2-
Description
~25;33~33 ~pecificati~n Applic~tic.n c,f steam tc. the p~per sheet in ti-,e pa.per m~ir,~
proces~ deriues ~enefits (~hich ~re well ~no~ln to the indwctr~ te~.m condensinc! ir, the si-,eet. ~au5es temper~ture ircrease of the IAlet web resultincy in impro~ed cir~inac~e in the dewaterincl proceC.s.
Selecti~e ~pplicatic,n c.f thic principle in the cross machine direction ~.110ws control of the cros~ m~chine moi~ture ~riation of the finisheci paper sheet.
The appanatus is ~n impr~ement 4~en e~istin~ sy~tems wh ich can ~e cate~orized intc, one of the follc,wincl tl~c, group=..
A~ Units equipped with single zone m~chine directic~n compar-tments.
These units ha~e fixed discharge openings pro~idin~ low ste~m ~elocities ~.t low steam flows. These low velocitie~ ~.re insufficient to preuent ~ir tr~lelling with the ~heet from entering the condensing zone thu~
m~ing the he~t tr~nsfer process inefficierlt.
B3 Units equipped with prehe~t zoneC which supply steam ur,ifo~ml~ t~ the sheet in the cr~ss ~chine directic~n ce,~ a~n~ tal;~e~
follc,wed ~ ~ zone C~...re. l.n~lr~ in the cnoC~s machine direction.
P~cJe -~-~ZS3383 Thæ wea~;r~e~ of thi~ de~ign i~.
- Ur,de~.irahle heat.ir,g of o-.Jerdr;~ areas of the sheet;
ar,d - Total temperature gain in the paper sheet is di ~J ided ~etween the preheat ~nd profiling 20nes.
Since the total sheet temFer~.ture ~ain is limited, the uniform prehe~ting of the sheet reduces the r~.nge ! cf remaining a~ailatle sheet temperature increase, of the profilin~ 20ne.
It c~n te ccncluded th~t t.y di~iding the apparatus into twc.
separate machine direction profilin~ zones, that:
1. Steam ~elocities reach effecti~e le~els at much lower flow rates than units in group ~. i.e. ~t 10~ of tot~l ste~m flow, discharge velocities wil1 ~e ~pproximating ~5~. of maximum ~elocity whereas ~ro~p ~ units will operate ~t 10~. of the steam ~elocity.
. Ste~m can te completely shut off on the sheet dry areas unli~e units in ~roup S equipped with preheat ~ones.
3. The full temperature gain in the p~per sheet ~n be used for cross machine moisture profile (~ri~tior,?
control. Units in ~roup B preheat the sheet~ with the preheat 20nes! thus re~ucing the amount of the total heat gain a~aila~le for cross machine moisture control.
Page -4-~l2533~33 In dr~ in~ hi~h illu-.tr~.te the em~~diment~ ~f the inventic,rl;
- Figure 1 i~. a ger,era1 ~liew of the apparatus placed over a paper ~heet~
~ Fi~ure ~ is a crc~e o-et ion 'f the apparatus c.hc,wr, in Fi~ure 1, - Figure ~ j e, details of rc,tating valve design.
- Figure 4 is details of recipro,~ating ~alve design.
Referrirll to Figures 1 ~c 2~ the apparatus ~I~ is po~itic.necl ~o~e the ~heet ~ a~ it pa~es under the apparatus i~
direction c,f travel 'X'.
The appar~tu~ on~i~t~ cf;
- Leadir,4 edge ~2~ and trailing edge ~
- ~team inlet t4~ ~upplying the main steam passa~e ~5~.
- Two ~tructural mem~ers ~pipe~? ~ and ~ forming twc, wall~ of the main passage ~5~.
- Two plates ~ and ~? enclosing the main p~ssage ~5~.
PacJe -5-Hole~ ~10.~ ~r,d ~ to internall~f integrate the ~tructur~l memt.er~ ar,d ~ with the main C.t~m p~sage ~5~
Plur~ of fir~t ~c,ne chamt.erc. clo~.es~ t,-, t"e le~ding edQe ~ formed t.y the structur~l m~mber ~.?~ formed pl~te ~12~, p~rtitic,r, p1~te ~ .e~ling pl~te ~i4~ ~nd P i ,~
~ischarge Plate ~15? to direct steam towards the sheet Plur~.lit;~ c.f -.econd ~or,e ch~m,~ers rlosest to the tr~iling ed~e ~ formecl ~y the structural membe~
formed pl~te ~I~) and p~rtitic~n pl~te ~l7).
ch~rge p1~te ~ to direct ste~m tow~rcls the sheet ~A~.
Plur~lity of ~lve ~ssem~lies ~1~) to ccntrol the ste~m ~low from the m~in ste~m p~ss~ge ~5) to the first ~nd second ~one cham~ers ~ia conr,ectin~ pipes ~20) and ~21~.
~ondensate taps ~ ? located at the l0W point~ to remo~e condensate from the appar~tus.
~eated le~ding edge ~2) ~y me~ns of ste~m c~rrying pipe ~23).
Page -~-~2533~
- Heated trailir,~ e~e t~.~ b~ me~ns of ste~m c~rryin~
mem~er formed ~y plates ~ ar,d ~,4~.
- ~nsula~ic.n t25~.
- Cl~cldir,~ -.heet ~2~?.
- Encl pl~te~ ~27~.
The ~ e ~ssem~l~ Fi~ure 8~ rc.t~ting type pro~ides the nece~r~ two ~t~ge cc.ntrol o~ the flow to the ~pp~r~tus ~nd consists of;
- ~a)~e ~ody ~28? with first ~c.r,e outlet t~? to ccnnect with connecting pipe ~21? ~nd second ~one outlet t80 tc. connect with connectinc~ pipe <20~.
- Plug t81? with ~perture ~3~) which when rotated will line up with ~ e t.od~ outlet t2~) ~nd ~perture ~8~?
which when rot~ted will line up with v~l~e body outlet ~0?.
- ~al~/e stem ~85) complete with se~l t8~) to connect plug t3~) to rot~ting de~ice ~42~.
- CouplincJ ~40).
- Position indicator (88?.
P~c~e -7-3L2S~3~33 ~lt~rn~tely the ~ e ~em~ly 'it~re 4 reCiproc~tirr~ t~p pro~ide~ the nece~C~r~ twc,-~t~.c~e cc.rltro1 cf the flow to th~
.~pp~r~tus ~ncl con~i~t~ ofi e ~c.d,~ C4~ ith ~ir~t ~or,e out.let ~44~ tc. ccnr~ect with connectintj pjpt, t;~1S ~ncd ~ecord .on~ outlet t45 to cc.nnect ~ith conhectin~ pipe t;,~
- Plut~ t;47.S which when reciprcc~tecl expo~e~ th~ outlet~
~44? ~nd ~4~ in ~J~ /e t.od~ to ~ required ~quenced ~te~m flow.
.e ~tem ~.5l~ ccmplete with ~.e~l ~4S~ tc, connect plu~
t~4~ to neCiproc~tint~ dt;~ict~ ~50s~
P~e -~-
proces~ deriues ~enefits (~hich ~re well ~no~ln to the indwctr~ te~.m condensinc! ir, the si-,eet. ~au5es temper~ture ircrease of the IAlet web resultincy in impro~ed cir~inac~e in the dewaterincl proceC.s.
Selecti~e ~pplicatic,n c.f thic principle in the cross machine direction ~.110ws control of the cros~ m~chine moi~ture ~riation of the finisheci paper sheet.
The appanatus is ~n impr~ement 4~en e~istin~ sy~tems wh ich can ~e cate~orized intc, one of the follc,wincl tl~c, group=..
A~ Units equipped with single zone m~chine directic~n compar-tments.
These units ha~e fixed discharge openings pro~idin~ low ste~m ~elocities ~.t low steam flows. These low velocitie~ ~.re insufficient to preuent ~ir tr~lelling with the ~heet from entering the condensing zone thu~
m~ing the he~t tr~nsfer process inefficierlt.
B3 Units equipped with prehe~t zoneC which supply steam ur,ifo~ml~ t~ the sheet in the cr~ss ~chine directic~n ce,~ a~n~ tal;~e~
follc,wed ~ ~ zone C~...re. l.n~lr~ in the cnoC~s machine direction.
P~cJe -~-~ZS3383 Thæ wea~;r~e~ of thi~ de~ign i~.
- Ur,de~.irahle heat.ir,g of o-.Jerdr;~ areas of the sheet;
ar,d - Total temperature gain in the paper sheet is di ~J ided ~etween the preheat ~nd profiling 20nes.
Since the total sheet temFer~.ture ~ain is limited, the uniform prehe~ting of the sheet reduces the r~.nge ! cf remaining a~ailatle sheet temperature increase, of the profilin~ 20ne.
It c~n te ccncluded th~t t.y di~iding the apparatus into twc.
separate machine direction profilin~ zones, that:
1. Steam ~elocities reach effecti~e le~els at much lower flow rates than units in group ~. i.e. ~t 10~ of tot~l ste~m flow, discharge velocities wil1 ~e ~pproximating ~5~. of maximum ~elocity whereas ~ro~p ~ units will operate ~t 10~. of the steam ~elocity.
. Ste~m can te completely shut off on the sheet dry areas unli~e units in ~roup S equipped with preheat ~ones.
3. The full temperature gain in the p~per sheet ~n be used for cross machine moisture profile (~ri~tior,?
control. Units in ~roup B preheat the sheet~ with the preheat 20nes! thus re~ucing the amount of the total heat gain a~aila~le for cross machine moisture control.
Page -4-~l2533~33 In dr~ in~ hi~h illu-.tr~.te the em~~diment~ ~f the inventic,rl;
- Figure 1 i~. a ger,era1 ~liew of the apparatus placed over a paper ~heet~
~ Fi~ure ~ is a crc~e o-et ion 'f the apparatus c.hc,wr, in Fi~ure 1, - Figure ~ j e, details of rc,tating valve design.
- Figure 4 is details of recipro,~ating ~alve design.
Referrirll to Figures 1 ~c 2~ the apparatus ~I~ is po~itic.necl ~o~e the ~heet ~ a~ it pa~es under the apparatus i~
direction c,f travel 'X'.
The appar~tu~ on~i~t~ cf;
- Leadir,4 edge ~2~ and trailing edge ~
- ~team inlet t4~ ~upplying the main steam passa~e ~5~.
- Two ~tructural mem~ers ~pipe~? ~ and ~ forming twc, wall~ of the main passage ~5~.
- Two plates ~ and ~? enclosing the main p~ssage ~5~.
PacJe -5-Hole~ ~10.~ ~r,d ~ to internall~f integrate the ~tructur~l memt.er~ ar,d ~ with the main C.t~m p~sage ~5~
Plur~ of fir~t ~c,ne chamt.erc. clo~.es~ t,-, t"e le~ding edQe ~ formed t.y the structur~l m~mber ~.?~ formed pl~te ~12~, p~rtitic,r, p1~te ~ .e~ling pl~te ~i4~ ~nd P i ,~
~ischarge Plate ~15? to direct steam towards the sheet Plur~.lit;~ c.f -.econd ~or,e ch~m,~ers rlosest to the tr~iling ed~e ~ formecl ~y the structural membe~
formed pl~te ~I~) and p~rtitic~n pl~te ~l7).
ch~rge p1~te ~ to direct ste~m tow~rcls the sheet ~A~.
Plur~lity of ~lve ~ssem~lies ~1~) to ccntrol the ste~m ~low from the m~in ste~m p~ss~ge ~5) to the first ~nd second ~one cham~ers ~ia conr,ectin~ pipes ~20) and ~21~.
~ondensate taps ~ ? located at the l0W point~ to remo~e condensate from the appar~tus.
~eated le~ding edge ~2) ~y me~ns of ste~m c~rrying pipe ~23).
Page -~-~2533~
- Heated trailir,~ e~e t~.~ b~ me~ns of ste~m c~rryin~
mem~er formed ~y plates ~ ar,d ~,4~.
- ~nsula~ic.n t25~.
- Cl~cldir,~ -.heet ~2~?.
- Encl pl~te~ ~27~.
The ~ e ~ssem~l~ Fi~ure 8~ rc.t~ting type pro~ides the nece~r~ two ~t~ge cc.ntrol o~ the flow to the ~pp~r~tus ~nd consists of;
- ~a)~e ~ody ~28? with first ~c.r,e outlet t~? to ccnnect with connecting pipe ~21? ~nd second ~one outlet t80 tc. connect with connectinc~ pipe <20~.
- Plug t81? with ~perture ~3~) which when rotated will line up with ~ e t.od~ outlet t2~) ~nd ~perture ~8~?
which when rot~ted will line up with v~l~e body outlet ~0?.
- ~al~/e stem ~85) complete with se~l t8~) to connect plug t3~) to rot~ting de~ice ~42~.
- CouplincJ ~40).
- Position indicator (88?.
P~c~e -7-3L2S~3~33 ~lt~rn~tely the ~ e ~em~ly 'it~re 4 reCiproc~tirr~ t~p pro~ide~ the nece~C~r~ twc,-~t~.c~e cc.rltro1 cf the flow to th~
.~pp~r~tus ~ncl con~i~t~ ofi e ~c.d,~ C4~ ith ~ir~t ~or,e out.let ~44~ tc. ccnr~ect with connectintj pjpt, t;~1S ~ncd ~ecord .on~ outlet t45 to cc.nnect ~ith conhectin~ pipe t;,~
- Plut~ t;47.S which when reciprcc~tecl expo~e~ th~ outlet~
~44? ~nd ~4~ in ~J~ /e t.od~ to ~ required ~quenced ~te~m flow.
.e ~tem ~.5l~ ccmplete with ~.e~l ~4S~ tc, connect plu~
t~4~ to neCiproc~tint~ dt;~ict~ ~50s~
P~e -~-
Claims (16)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheet moving beneath it, said apparatus having a leading edge and a trailing edge relative to the direction of motion of said sheet, said apparatus having a first heating zone adjacent said leading edge and a second heating zone between said first heating zone and said trailing edge, said apparatus comprising:
a) means extending along the length of said apparatus for providing a supply of steam;
b) a plurality of first compartments through which steam may pass into said first heating zone;
c) a plurality of second compartments through which steam may pass to said second heating zone, each of said second compartments being aligned generally with one of said first compartments in the direction of motion of said paper sheet, each said first and second compartments so aligned forming a pair of steam-supplying compartments; and d) a single control means associated with each said pair of steam-supplying compartments for varying the supply of steam from said steam-supplying means to said pair of compart-ments, wherein said control. means for varying the supply of steam to said pair of compart-ments is adapted to vary the amount of steam supplied to said first compartment within a range from zero to a substantial percentage of the potential steam flow through said first compartment before providing any steam to said second compartment.
a) means extending along the length of said apparatus for providing a supply of steam;
b) a plurality of first compartments through which steam may pass into said first heating zone;
c) a plurality of second compartments through which steam may pass to said second heating zone, each of said second compartments being aligned generally with one of said first compartments in the direction of motion of said paper sheet, each said first and second compartments so aligned forming a pair of steam-supplying compartments; and d) a single control means associated with each said pair of steam-supplying compartments for varying the supply of steam from said steam-supplying means to said pair of compart-ments, wherein said control. means for varying the supply of steam to said pair of compart-ments is adapted to vary the amount of steam supplied to said first compartment within a range from zero to a substantial percentage of the potential steam flow through said first compartment before providing any steam to said second compartment.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control means for varying the supply of steam to said pair of compartments is adapted to vary the amount of steam supplied to said first compartment within a range of 0 to 100 percent of the potential steam flow through said first compartment while the amount of steam provided to said second compartment remains 0, and to provide 100 percent of the potential steam flow through said first compartment while the steam supplied to said second compartment is varied within a range from 0 to 100 percent of the potential steam flow through said second compartment.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control means comprises a valve body having first and second passageways communicating with said first and second compartments respectively and a valve having first and second apertures and which is adapted to rotate within said valve body to vary the opening or closing of said first and second passageways, and means for rotating said valve.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said control means comprises a valve body having first and second passageways communicating with said first and second compartments respectively and a valve having first and second apertures and which is adapted to rotate within said valve body to vary the opening or closing of said first and second passageways, and means for rotating said valve.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control means comprises a valve body having first and second passageways communicating with said first and second compartments respectively and a valve adapted to reciprocate along the axis of said valve body to vary the opening or closing of said first and second passage-ways, and means to reciprocate said valve within said valve body.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said control means comprises a valve body having first and second passageways communicating with said first and second compartments respectively and a valve adapted to reciprocate along the axis of said valve body to vary the opening or closing of said first and second passage-ways, and means to reciprocate said valve within said valve body.
7. The apparatus of claims 1 or 2 further compri-sing a steam-carrying pipe along said leading edge of said apparatus.
8. The apparatus of claims 1 or 2 further compri-sing means for carrying steam adjacent the trailing edge of said apparatus.
9. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising two centrally-located rigid, parallel elements running along the length of said apparatus.
10. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising two centrally-located rigid, parallel elements running along the length of said apparatus.
11. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising two centrally-located rigid, parallel elements running along the length of said apparatus.
12. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising two centrally-located rigid, parallel elements running along the length of said apparatus.
13. The apparatus of claims 9, 10 or 11 wherein said means for supplying steam is located between said rigid longitudinal elements and communicates therewith.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said means for supplying steam is located between said rigid longi-tudinal elements and communicates therewith.
15. A method of supplying steam to a paper sheet comprising the steps of:
a) providing an apparatus having a leading edge and a trailing edge relative to the direc-tion of motion of said sheet; said apparatus having a first heating zone adjacent said leading edge and a second heating zone between said first heating zone and said trailing edge, said apparatus further comprising means exten-ding along the length of said apparatus for providing a supply of steam, a plurality of first compartments through which steam may pass into said first heating zone, a plurality of second compartments through which steam may pass to said second heating zone, each of said second compartments being aligned generally with one of said first compartments in the direction of motion of said paper sheet, each said first and second compartments so aligned forming a pair of steam-supplying compartments, and a single control means associated with each said pair of steam-supplying compartments for varying the supply of steam from said steam-supplying means to said pair of compartments;
and b) varying the supply of steam to said pair of compartments whereby the amount of steam supplied to said first compartment is supplied within a range from 0 to a substantial percentage of the potential steam flow through said first compartment before providing any steam to said second compartment.
a) providing an apparatus having a leading edge and a trailing edge relative to the direc-tion of motion of said sheet; said apparatus having a first heating zone adjacent said leading edge and a second heating zone between said first heating zone and said trailing edge, said apparatus further comprising means exten-ding along the length of said apparatus for providing a supply of steam, a plurality of first compartments through which steam may pass into said first heating zone, a plurality of second compartments through which steam may pass to said second heating zone, each of said second compartments being aligned generally with one of said first compartments in the direction of motion of said paper sheet, each said first and second compartments so aligned forming a pair of steam-supplying compartments, and a single control means associated with each said pair of steam-supplying compartments for varying the supply of steam from said steam-supplying means to said pair of compartments;
and b) varying the supply of steam to said pair of compartments whereby the amount of steam supplied to said first compartment is supplied within a range from 0 to a substantial percentage of the potential steam flow through said first compartment before providing any steam to said second compartment.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the supply of steam to said pair of compartments is varied so that steam is supplied to said first compartment within a range from 0 to 100 percent of the potential steam flow through said first compartment before providing any steam to said second compartment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000516786A CA1253383A (en) | 1986-08-26 | 1986-08-26 | Apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000516786A CA1253383A (en) | 1986-08-26 | 1986-08-26 | Apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1253383A true CA1253383A (en) | 1989-05-02 |
Family
ID=4133802
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000516786A Expired CA1253383A (en) | 1986-08-26 | 1986-08-26 | Apparatus to supply steam to a paper sheet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1253383A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0609544A1 (en) * | 1993-01-16 | 1994-08-10 | V.I.B. Apparatebau GmbH | Process and apparatus for improving the gloss and/or smoothness of a web |
-
1986
- 1986-08-26 CA CA000516786A patent/CA1253383A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0609544A1 (en) * | 1993-01-16 | 1994-08-10 | V.I.B. Apparatebau GmbH | Process and apparatus for improving the gloss and/or smoothness of a web |
| US5914008A (en) * | 1993-01-16 | 1999-06-22 | V.I.B. Apparatebau Gmbh | Method for increasing the gloss and smoothness of a web of material |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |