CA1252481A - Complexes of technetium-99m with propylene amine oximes - Google Patents
Complexes of technetium-99m with propylene amine oximesInfo
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
COMPLEXES OF TECHNETIUM-99m WITH PROPYLENE AMINE OXIMES
A family of propylene amine oxime ligands has the formula 2
COMPLEXES OF TECHNETIUM-99m WITH PROPYLENE AMINE OXIMES
A family of propylene amine oxime ligands has the formula 2
Description
L252~8~
- l - 20388-1585D
This is a divisional application of Application Serial No. 503,659 filed March 10, 1986.
The subject matter of this application is closely rela-ted to that of Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 452, 603.
An aspect of this divis.ional application is directed to a compound of the formula 2 described hereinafte~, which is use-ful as a ligand for preparing a complex claimed in the parent application.
Another aspect of this application is directed to a process for producing the compound of the formula 2. This process comprises:
reacting a dione monoxime of the formula:
R \ ~ O
R N
OH
with a diamine of the formula:
R3 ~ R4 in the presence of an acid dehydration catalyst, thereby producing a diimine of the formula: R ~ / R4 R3 ~ ¦_`~R4 Rl ~ N N ~ R
R N ~N ~ R
OH OH
and then reducing the imino double bonds in the diimine.
` ~5248~
- la - 20388-1585D
It should be understood that the expression "this invention includes the subject matters of the parent application as well as this divisional application.
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m~ is the favoured radio-nuclide for organ imaging and other forms of in vivo diagnosis. Complexes of Tc-99m have been used for investigating most parts of the body.
This invention relates to complexes of Technetium-99m useful as diagnostic pharmaceuticals, and in particular to com-plexes which are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and being retained in the brain for a time to permit diagnosis.
European Patent Specification 123504 provides a lipophi-lic macrocyclic complex of Technetium-99m useful as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical which can be formed by complexing in aqueous solution Tc-99m pertechnetate under reducing conditions with an alkylene amine oxime containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkylene group, which group is unsubstituted or substituted, the complex having a core with a zero net charge, containing an 0-H-0 ring closure bond, and being sufficiently stable for parenteral administration and imaging by scintilation scanning, any alkylene substituents present being of the kind useful for adapting radio-nuclide ligands for body imaging applications. Preferred comple-xes are believed tc have the formula:
5;~8~
~2 R3 H2~ C1~2 R4R5~ / `C R4R5 J~N/ 4N~C~, 0~ 0 where each R1, R4, and R5 is hydrogen or Cl to C12 alkyl, and each of R2 and R3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1 to C12 alkoxyl, C1 to C22 hydrocarbon which may be alkyl, alkenyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl, or tertiary amine with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R2 and R3 form, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a cycloaliphatic group which may be amine substituted.
The present invention relates to a family o~
complexes, and the associated ligands, falling within the scope of the invention of the aforesaid European patent specification but not specifically described therein, which complexes show interesting properties particularly as regards brain retention, An important member of the family is a lipophilic macrocyclic complex, useful as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical, of Technetium-99m with a propylene amine oxime ligand having the formula l:-'~2~
. . ~
H3~ ~H3 ~6~
5 H~C~NH HN~C~t3 H3C I Nl CH3 1-H~ ~H
The compound of formula 1, together with some other propylene amine oximes according to the aforesaid European Patent Specification, have two asymmetric carbon atoms and thus exist in the form of three stereoisomers. Another important aspect of this invention results from the unexpected discovery that there are significant differences between the in vivo properties of Tc-99m complexes of these stereoisomers.
The present invention provides a lipophilic macro-cyclic complex, useful as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical, of Technetium-99m with a propylene amine oxime ligand having the formula 2:-~R4 R~N N~l~ R1 R~ I I ~ R
~H 0~
where R is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, CF3, CONX2 6 ~ 3 R is alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, or R and R together form part of a cycloalkyl .
~Z5~8~L
ring, each of R2, R3 and R4 is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, and s H, CH3, C2H5 or C6H5~
wherein the ligand of formula 2 is in the form of a single stereoisomer or of a mixture of 2 or more such stereoisomers, provided that, where R is methyl and R1 is methyl and R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, a mixture of 3 such stereoisomers contains an artificially high concentration of one of them.
The ligands of general formula 2. include a pair of groups R, a pair of groups Rl, a pair of groups R2, a pair of groups R3 and a pair of groups R4, five pairs in all. The two groups constituting each pair may be the same or different. When they are the same (and when R3 is the same as R4), as is the case with the compound of formula 1., the ligands exist in the form of three stereoisomers, by virtue of the two asymmetric carbon atoms to which the groups R1 are attached.
When the two groups constituting one or more of the five pairs are different from one another (or when R3 is different from R ), the stereochemistry becomes more complex. ~or simplicity hereafter, the two groups constituting each of the five pairs will be treated as being the same. But it should be understood that the invention is not so limited.
There follows, by way of example, a list of compounds which are propylene amine oxime ligands of 3o formula 2 in which the two groups oonstituting each pair are the same (except in the case of compound 11 where the R2's are different; and compound 12 wherein both the R3's and the R4's are different):-~ . ._ .. . .
5 Cu~ d _ ~ R1 ~ R3,R~
- l - 20388-1585D
This is a divisional application of Application Serial No. 503,659 filed March 10, 1986.
The subject matter of this application is closely rela-ted to that of Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 452, 603.
An aspect of this divis.ional application is directed to a compound of the formula 2 described hereinafte~, which is use-ful as a ligand for preparing a complex claimed in the parent application.
Another aspect of this application is directed to a process for producing the compound of the formula 2. This process comprises:
reacting a dione monoxime of the formula:
R \ ~ O
R N
OH
with a diamine of the formula:
R3 ~ R4 in the presence of an acid dehydration catalyst, thereby producing a diimine of the formula: R ~ / R4 R3 ~ ¦_`~R4 Rl ~ N N ~ R
R N ~N ~ R
OH OH
and then reducing the imino double bonds in the diimine.
` ~5248~
- la - 20388-1585D
It should be understood that the expression "this invention includes the subject matters of the parent application as well as this divisional application.
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m~ is the favoured radio-nuclide for organ imaging and other forms of in vivo diagnosis. Complexes of Tc-99m have been used for investigating most parts of the body.
This invention relates to complexes of Technetium-99m useful as diagnostic pharmaceuticals, and in particular to com-plexes which are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and being retained in the brain for a time to permit diagnosis.
European Patent Specification 123504 provides a lipophi-lic macrocyclic complex of Technetium-99m useful as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical which can be formed by complexing in aqueous solution Tc-99m pertechnetate under reducing conditions with an alkylene amine oxime containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkylene group, which group is unsubstituted or substituted, the complex having a core with a zero net charge, containing an 0-H-0 ring closure bond, and being sufficiently stable for parenteral administration and imaging by scintilation scanning, any alkylene substituents present being of the kind useful for adapting radio-nuclide ligands for body imaging applications. Preferred comple-xes are believed tc have the formula:
5;~8~
~2 R3 H2~ C1~2 R4R5~ / `C R4R5 J~N/ 4N~C~, 0~ 0 where each R1, R4, and R5 is hydrogen or Cl to C12 alkyl, and each of R2 and R3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1 to C12 alkoxyl, C1 to C22 hydrocarbon which may be alkyl, alkenyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl, or tertiary amine with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R2 and R3 form, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a cycloaliphatic group which may be amine substituted.
The present invention relates to a family o~
complexes, and the associated ligands, falling within the scope of the invention of the aforesaid European patent specification but not specifically described therein, which complexes show interesting properties particularly as regards brain retention, An important member of the family is a lipophilic macrocyclic complex, useful as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical, of Technetium-99m with a propylene amine oxime ligand having the formula l:-'~2~
. . ~
H3~ ~H3 ~6~
5 H~C~NH HN~C~t3 H3C I Nl CH3 1-H~ ~H
The compound of formula 1, together with some other propylene amine oximes according to the aforesaid European Patent Specification, have two asymmetric carbon atoms and thus exist in the form of three stereoisomers. Another important aspect of this invention results from the unexpected discovery that there are significant differences between the in vivo properties of Tc-99m complexes of these stereoisomers.
The present invention provides a lipophilic macro-cyclic complex, useful as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical, of Technetium-99m with a propylene amine oxime ligand having the formula 2:-~R4 R~N N~l~ R1 R~ I I ~ R
~H 0~
where R is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, CF3, CONX2 6 ~ 3 R is alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, or R and R together form part of a cycloalkyl .
~Z5~8~L
ring, each of R2, R3 and R4 is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, and s H, CH3, C2H5 or C6H5~
wherein the ligand of formula 2 is in the form of a single stereoisomer or of a mixture of 2 or more such stereoisomers, provided that, where R is methyl and R1 is methyl and R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, a mixture of 3 such stereoisomers contains an artificially high concentration of one of them.
The ligands of general formula 2. include a pair of groups R, a pair of groups Rl, a pair of groups R2, a pair of groups R3 and a pair of groups R4, five pairs in all. The two groups constituting each pair may be the same or different. When they are the same (and when R3 is the same as R4), as is the case with the compound of formula 1., the ligands exist in the form of three stereoisomers, by virtue of the two asymmetric carbon atoms to which the groups R1 are attached.
When the two groups constituting one or more of the five pairs are different from one another (or when R3 is different from R ), the stereochemistry becomes more complex. ~or simplicity hereafter, the two groups constituting each of the five pairs will be treated as being the same. But it should be understood that the invention is not so limited.
There follows, by way of example, a list of compounds which are propylene amine oxime ligands of 3o formula 2 in which the two groups oonstituting each pair are the same (except in the case of compound 11 where the R2's are different; and compound 12 wherein both the R3's and the R4's are different):-~ . ._ .. . .
5 Cu~ d _ ~ R1 ~ R3,R~
2 CH3 CH3 H H
3 CH3 C2H5 H H
4 C2H5 CH3 H H
6 C2H5 CH3 CH3; H
CH3 Ph H H
11 CH3 CH3 H,CH3 H
12 CH3 CH3 H CH3~H
13 i-C3H7 CH3 H H
Compound 2 is mentioned in European Patent Specification 123504. The remaining compounds and their Tc-99m complexes are believed new. Additionally, single stereoisomers, and mixtures of two or more such stereoisomers including an artificially high concentration of one of them, of all the compounds (including compound 2), and their Tc-99m complexes are believed new. All the compounds are capable of forming complexes with radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes of metals other than teohnetium, for example, palladium and platinum, which complexes may have useful properties for therapy and diagnosis. The following diagram shows how compound 1, by way of example, exists in the form of an optically inactive meso-diastereoisomer and of optically active d- and l-enantiomers.
~Z~2~
V ~ ., I ~ ~
~ rZ ~--o S~Z Z - o I ~ 5_ ~U ~ O
~ r;z 2--o Z~ o r2 a ~
D \ ~1/\_S z :r o ~, ;~f 2--r ~ ~Z ~
.~
~2~z~a8 The isomerism arises because the 3- and 9- carbon atoms are asymmetric. The meso-diastereoisomer has distinctly different properties from the dl-diastereo-isomer (a racemic mixture of the d- and l-enantiomers).
For example, they have different melting points, and their retention times on HPLC systems can also differ.
The Tc-99m complexes from the two diastereoisomers have markedly different in vivo properties (% i.d. to be taken up in brain of rats). From these observations, it is to be expected that similar differences will occur in other compounds of formula 2 shown above;
i.e. the two diastereoisomers derived from any one compound will have different physical properties, and the Tc-99m complexes derived from the two diastereo-isomers (from a single compound) will display differencesin in vivo distribution.
It has further been determined that the d- and l-enantiomers of compound 1 have properties (physical and biological) which differ from each other, and from a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers, and from the meso-diastereoisomer. Again, it i9 to be expected that similar differences will occur in other compounds of formula 2 shown above.
The different in vivo properties of Tc-99m complexes of the two diastereoisomers is surprising.
These complexes are thought to cross the blood-brain barrier by a passive diffusion mechanism. The ability of molecules to diffuse through membranes is related in a positive way to lipophilicity and in a 3o negative way to molecular weight. On this basis only relatively small differences in the amount of radioactivity in the brain would be anticipated since the molecular weights of the two isomers are identical and the lipophilicities of the Tc-99m complexes are thought to be very similar. Consequently the magnitude of the difference in brain uptake ~25~
of the two isomers is surprising - a factor of 2.3 is involved in the case of compound 1. The better of the two isomers is the dl-isomer.
Similarly, there is a surprising difference in brain uptake of the d- and l-enantiomers of compound 1 - a factor of 1.6 has been found in studies with rats.
~ ach of the three stereoisomers so far mentioned can itself exist in three different isomeric forms by virtue of the restricted rotation about their C=N bonds of the two oxime groups. The isomers may have different physical properties (m.p., b.p.) and can be separated by chromatographic techniques (TLC and HPLC). Their interconversion is generally facile and is catalysed by mineral or Lewis acids, bases or metal ions.
Compound 1 has two oxime groups so 3 isomers are possible:-25 ~ ~ ~N~ ~A~
N N N ~1~ N ~J
I
o~ ~ OH
, EE EZ Z~
j 35 ~25:~8~L
Note that EZ is identical to ZE. The sameconsiderations apply to both 'd' and 'l' isomers, i.e.
each has three (EE, ZZ and EZ) oxime isomers. The thermodynamically preferred isomer is expected to be EE
since that has the maximum separation of the bulkier groups. HPLC analysis of compound 1 (Example 11A) displays two major peaks, identified as the EE oxime isomers of the meso- and d,l-diastereoisomers, plus four minor peaks, provisionally assigned as the EZ and ZZ oxime isomers of each diastereoisomer. It is probable that the EE, EZ and ZZ isomers may form Tc-99m complexes having different biodistribution properties.
The propylene amine oxime ligands may be prepared by standard chemical routes, as generally described in.
the aforesaid European Patent Specification 123504.
A preferred preparative route is described below in Example 1. (When the two groups R, and/or the two groups R1, are different, the ligands can be prepared - by an analogous route involving: reaction of a mono-protected propanediamine with one molar equivalent of a suitable dione monoxime; reduction of the resulting imine; deprotection; reaction of the resulting primary amine with a different dione monoxime followed by reduction of the resulting second imino group.) The compounds are generally obtained in the form of a mixture of all three isomers. The meso-isomer can be separated from the dl-mixture by standard techniques such as repeated fractional crystallisation from a solvent in which their solubilities are 3o different; we have used acetonitrile and ethyl acetate with success. The analytical or preparative separation of the isomers can also be effected by HPLC.
The d- and l-enantiomers can be separated by standard techniques involving the use of optical isomers of an organic acid such as tartaric acid. Separation techniques are detailed in Examples 14 to 20 below.
6 C2H5 CH3 CH3; H
CH3 Ph H H
11 CH3 CH3 H,CH3 H
12 CH3 CH3 H CH3~H
13 i-C3H7 CH3 H H
Compound 2 is mentioned in European Patent Specification 123504. The remaining compounds and their Tc-99m complexes are believed new. Additionally, single stereoisomers, and mixtures of two or more such stereoisomers including an artificially high concentration of one of them, of all the compounds (including compound 2), and their Tc-99m complexes are believed new. All the compounds are capable of forming complexes with radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes of metals other than teohnetium, for example, palladium and platinum, which complexes may have useful properties for therapy and diagnosis. The following diagram shows how compound 1, by way of example, exists in the form of an optically inactive meso-diastereoisomer and of optically active d- and l-enantiomers.
~Z~2~
V ~ ., I ~ ~
~ rZ ~--o S~Z Z - o I ~ 5_ ~U ~ O
~ r;z 2--o Z~ o r2 a ~
D \ ~1/\_S z :r o ~, ;~f 2--r ~ ~Z ~
.~
~2~z~a8 The isomerism arises because the 3- and 9- carbon atoms are asymmetric. The meso-diastereoisomer has distinctly different properties from the dl-diastereo-isomer (a racemic mixture of the d- and l-enantiomers).
For example, they have different melting points, and their retention times on HPLC systems can also differ.
The Tc-99m complexes from the two diastereoisomers have markedly different in vivo properties (% i.d. to be taken up in brain of rats). From these observations, it is to be expected that similar differences will occur in other compounds of formula 2 shown above;
i.e. the two diastereoisomers derived from any one compound will have different physical properties, and the Tc-99m complexes derived from the two diastereo-isomers (from a single compound) will display differencesin in vivo distribution.
It has further been determined that the d- and l-enantiomers of compound 1 have properties (physical and biological) which differ from each other, and from a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers, and from the meso-diastereoisomer. Again, it i9 to be expected that similar differences will occur in other compounds of formula 2 shown above.
The different in vivo properties of Tc-99m complexes of the two diastereoisomers is surprising.
These complexes are thought to cross the blood-brain barrier by a passive diffusion mechanism. The ability of molecules to diffuse through membranes is related in a positive way to lipophilicity and in a 3o negative way to molecular weight. On this basis only relatively small differences in the amount of radioactivity in the brain would be anticipated since the molecular weights of the two isomers are identical and the lipophilicities of the Tc-99m complexes are thought to be very similar. Consequently the magnitude of the difference in brain uptake ~25~
of the two isomers is surprising - a factor of 2.3 is involved in the case of compound 1. The better of the two isomers is the dl-isomer.
Similarly, there is a surprising difference in brain uptake of the d- and l-enantiomers of compound 1 - a factor of 1.6 has been found in studies with rats.
~ ach of the three stereoisomers so far mentioned can itself exist in three different isomeric forms by virtue of the restricted rotation about their C=N bonds of the two oxime groups. The isomers may have different physical properties (m.p., b.p.) and can be separated by chromatographic techniques (TLC and HPLC). Their interconversion is generally facile and is catalysed by mineral or Lewis acids, bases or metal ions.
Compound 1 has two oxime groups so 3 isomers are possible:-25 ~ ~ ~N~ ~A~
N N N ~1~ N ~J
I
o~ ~ OH
, EE EZ Z~
j 35 ~25:~8~L
Note that EZ is identical to ZE. The sameconsiderations apply to both 'd' and 'l' isomers, i.e.
each has three (EE, ZZ and EZ) oxime isomers. The thermodynamically preferred isomer is expected to be EE
since that has the maximum separation of the bulkier groups. HPLC analysis of compound 1 (Example 11A) displays two major peaks, identified as the EE oxime isomers of the meso- and d,l-diastereoisomers, plus four minor peaks, provisionally assigned as the EZ and ZZ oxime isomers of each diastereoisomer. It is probable that the EE, EZ and ZZ isomers may form Tc-99m complexes having different biodistribution properties.
The propylene amine oxime ligands may be prepared by standard chemical routes, as generally described in.
the aforesaid European Patent Specification 123504.
A preferred preparative route is described below in Example 1. (When the two groups R, and/or the two groups R1, are different, the ligands can be prepared - by an analogous route involving: reaction of a mono-protected propanediamine with one molar equivalent of a suitable dione monoxime; reduction of the resulting imine; deprotection; reaction of the resulting primary amine with a different dione monoxime followed by reduction of the resulting second imino group.) The compounds are generally obtained in the form of a mixture of all three isomers. The meso-isomer can be separated from the dl-mixture by standard techniques such as repeated fractional crystallisation from a solvent in which their solubilities are 3o different; we have used acetonitrile and ethyl acetate with success. The analytical or preparative separation of the isomers can also be effected by HPLC.
The d- and l-enantiomers can be separated by standard techniques involving the use of optical isomers of an organic acid such as tartaric acid. Separation techniques are detailed in Examples 14 to 20 below.
5~
, The complexation reaction between the propylene amine oxime ligand and pertechnetate (Tc04 from generator eluate) may be carried out in âqueous or aqueous/organic solution under reducing conditions.
Stannous salts are convenient reducing agents, but other reducing agents are well known for this type of reaction and can be used. Since the complexes of this invention contain Tc-99m bound rather strongly, they can alternatively be prepared by a process of ligand exchange. The preparation of Tc-99m complexes by reducing pertechnetate in the presence of a complexing ligand is well-known; the conditions for such general reactions are also well-known and can be used in the particular instance of this invention. These complexes are presently believed to have the structure 3:-R3~R4 R3~1 R4 . R~ 01~N,~ 3 R N Pll R
O---H--O
The Tc-99m complex of compound 1 (an unseparated dl/meso mixture) displays:
1) Cood uptake in the brain of rats and humans.
2) Slow removal of radioactivity from brain in humans t âllowing tomographic imaging to be performed with conventional rotating gamma camera equipment.
Its advantages over the Tc-99m complex of compound 2 are:-~L25;~
1) Far better in vitro stability (see Example 21 below).
2) Better blood and tissue background clearance of activity in humans.
3) The complex of compound 2 may not be suitable for radiopharmaceutical applications because of rapid in vitro degradation, but the complex of compound 1 is ideally suited as it displays only slow in vitro degradation. (See Example 26 below).
The complex of compound 1 (dl-isomer) is surprisingly superior to the complex of the meso-isomer, so far as brain retention and brain imaging are concerned. ~y contrast, the complexes o~ compound 2 (dl-isomer) and compound 2 (meso-isomer) do not show ~5 any marked difference in brain uptake (see Example 2 below).
The complex of compound 1 (both the unseparated dl/meso mixture and the dl-isomer) also show other interesting and unexpected properties:-- They are good tumour blood flow agents tunpublished article of V.R.McCready et al submitted to Journal of Nuclear Medicine).
- They are good agents for labelling blood cells, particularly leucocytes. (See Example 27 below3.
- The biodistribution properties of compounds 3 to 13 (see Example 22 below) also indicate various uses for these compounds as diagnostic pharmaceuticals, both in the form of their unseparated dl/meso isomer mixtures and in the form of their separated isomers.
- They are useful for myocardial perfusion imaging.
The following Examples illustrate the invention.
:
i2~8~l.
Example 1 Preparation of the Compound 1 N2N IJH2 ~N N~
OH OH OH OH OH
1A. 4,8-Diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-3,~-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime 2,3-Butanedione monoxime (11.66g, 115.4mmol) was dissolved in benzene (50cm3) containing acetic acid - (75~1), and the solution was brought to reflux in an apparatus fitted with a Dean-Stark trap and in a nitrogen atmosphere. To this was added a solution of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (5.00g, 5.B8cm3, 49mmol) in benzene (100cm3) over a period of 5 hours. The resulting yellow-brown solution was refluxed for a further 16 hours under nitrogen, then allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting solid was filtered off under suction and washed with a little cold (-40C) acetonitrile giving the product as a fine white powder. Aftér drying under high vacuum for 2 hours 7.9g t60% yieid) of product was obtained, m.p.
131C 134C. The product thus obtained contains a trace (ca. 2% - 5%) of starting ketooxime (as seen by H NMR), but this can be removed completely by a single recrystallisation from benzene, giving a product melting at 132C - 135C. NMR(1H,60MHz,CDCl3):
- ~3.3(4H,brs,CH2N), 2.1(6H,s,CH3-C=N), 2.0 (6H,s,CH3-C=N), 1.1(6H,s,(CH3)2C)ppm.
~LZ5;~8~
1. 4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundec _e-2,10-dione bis oxime The diimine (75g, 287mmol) was slurried in 95%
aqueous ethanol (690cm3) at 0C. Sodium borohydride (10.9g, 287mmol) was added in portions over ~ hour and the mixture stirred at 0C for 2 hours. Water (230cm3) was added and the mixture stirred well for a further 2 hours. The ethanol was removed in vacuo and more water (140cm3) added. The pH was adjusted to around 11 then the resulting white solid was filtered, washed with a little water and dried in vacuo giving the crude product. Double recrystallisation from hot acetonitrile gave pure product 62.5g, (80%) m.p. 144C.
_ 145C.
NMR (1H,200MHz,DMS0):
~10.24(2H,s,OH)3.13(2H,q,CHMe), 2.12(14,m,CH2N), 1.65(6H,s,MeC=N), 1.07(6H,d,CHMe),0.78(6H,s,CMe2)ppm.
Examples 2 to 13 Preparation of 2,3-pentanedione-3-oxime.
Methyl nitrite was bubbled, at a rate sufficient to maintain vigorous reflux, into a well-stirred mixture of 2-pentanone (102g) ether (400cm3) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (15cm3). The methyl nitrite gas was generated by the dropwise addition of a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid (100cm3) and water (95cm3) onto a stirred slurry of` sodium nitrite (112g), methanol (66g) and water (75cm3). ~fter the addition was complete the mixture was neutralised with 3o saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (32g in 300cm3).
The ether layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with more ether. The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated _ vacuo giving a yellow oil which crystallised on standing. Recrystallisation - 35 from hot hexane gave pure product (67g), m.p. 54-5C.
The following were prepared in a similar manner ~SZ~8~
(yield and melting point given):-2,3-Pentanedione-2-oxime (46%, mp 59-61C) 2,3-Hexanedione-3-oxime (64%, mp 42-3C) 1,2-Propanedione-1-oxime (18%, mp 61-5C) 2-methyl-3,4-pentanedione-3-oxime (45% m.p. 72-75C).
Preparation of Compounds 2A to 13A
The following diimines were prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 (yields and melting points given):-- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-dimethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (2A), (51%, m.p. 91-2C).
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (3A), (68%, m.p. 76-8C).
- 5,9-Diaza-4,10-dimethyl-4,9-tridecadiene-3,11-dione bis oxime (4A), (31%, m.p. 143.5-144.5C).
, The complexation reaction between the propylene amine oxime ligand and pertechnetate (Tc04 from generator eluate) may be carried out in âqueous or aqueous/organic solution under reducing conditions.
Stannous salts are convenient reducing agents, but other reducing agents are well known for this type of reaction and can be used. Since the complexes of this invention contain Tc-99m bound rather strongly, they can alternatively be prepared by a process of ligand exchange. The preparation of Tc-99m complexes by reducing pertechnetate in the presence of a complexing ligand is well-known; the conditions for such general reactions are also well-known and can be used in the particular instance of this invention. These complexes are presently believed to have the structure 3:-R3~R4 R3~1 R4 . R~ 01~N,~ 3 R N Pll R
O---H--O
The Tc-99m complex of compound 1 (an unseparated dl/meso mixture) displays:
1) Cood uptake in the brain of rats and humans.
2) Slow removal of radioactivity from brain in humans t âllowing tomographic imaging to be performed with conventional rotating gamma camera equipment.
Its advantages over the Tc-99m complex of compound 2 are:-~L25;~
1) Far better in vitro stability (see Example 21 below).
2) Better blood and tissue background clearance of activity in humans.
3) The complex of compound 2 may not be suitable for radiopharmaceutical applications because of rapid in vitro degradation, but the complex of compound 1 is ideally suited as it displays only slow in vitro degradation. (See Example 26 below).
The complex of compound 1 (dl-isomer) is surprisingly superior to the complex of the meso-isomer, so far as brain retention and brain imaging are concerned. ~y contrast, the complexes o~ compound 2 (dl-isomer) and compound 2 (meso-isomer) do not show ~5 any marked difference in brain uptake (see Example 2 below).
The complex of compound 1 (both the unseparated dl/meso mixture and the dl-isomer) also show other interesting and unexpected properties:-- They are good tumour blood flow agents tunpublished article of V.R.McCready et al submitted to Journal of Nuclear Medicine).
- They are good agents for labelling blood cells, particularly leucocytes. (See Example 27 below3.
- The biodistribution properties of compounds 3 to 13 (see Example 22 below) also indicate various uses for these compounds as diagnostic pharmaceuticals, both in the form of their unseparated dl/meso isomer mixtures and in the form of their separated isomers.
- They are useful for myocardial perfusion imaging.
The following Examples illustrate the invention.
:
i2~8~l.
Example 1 Preparation of the Compound 1 N2N IJH2 ~N N~
OH OH OH OH OH
1A. 4,8-Diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-3,~-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime 2,3-Butanedione monoxime (11.66g, 115.4mmol) was dissolved in benzene (50cm3) containing acetic acid - (75~1), and the solution was brought to reflux in an apparatus fitted with a Dean-Stark trap and in a nitrogen atmosphere. To this was added a solution of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (5.00g, 5.B8cm3, 49mmol) in benzene (100cm3) over a period of 5 hours. The resulting yellow-brown solution was refluxed for a further 16 hours under nitrogen, then allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting solid was filtered off under suction and washed with a little cold (-40C) acetonitrile giving the product as a fine white powder. Aftér drying under high vacuum for 2 hours 7.9g t60% yieid) of product was obtained, m.p.
131C 134C. The product thus obtained contains a trace (ca. 2% - 5%) of starting ketooxime (as seen by H NMR), but this can be removed completely by a single recrystallisation from benzene, giving a product melting at 132C - 135C. NMR(1H,60MHz,CDCl3):
- ~3.3(4H,brs,CH2N), 2.1(6H,s,CH3-C=N), 2.0 (6H,s,CH3-C=N), 1.1(6H,s,(CH3)2C)ppm.
~LZ5;~8~
1. 4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundec _e-2,10-dione bis oxime The diimine (75g, 287mmol) was slurried in 95%
aqueous ethanol (690cm3) at 0C. Sodium borohydride (10.9g, 287mmol) was added in portions over ~ hour and the mixture stirred at 0C for 2 hours. Water (230cm3) was added and the mixture stirred well for a further 2 hours. The ethanol was removed in vacuo and more water (140cm3) added. The pH was adjusted to around 11 then the resulting white solid was filtered, washed with a little water and dried in vacuo giving the crude product. Double recrystallisation from hot acetonitrile gave pure product 62.5g, (80%) m.p. 144C.
_ 145C.
NMR (1H,200MHz,DMS0):
~10.24(2H,s,OH)3.13(2H,q,CHMe), 2.12(14,m,CH2N), 1.65(6H,s,MeC=N), 1.07(6H,d,CHMe),0.78(6H,s,CMe2)ppm.
Examples 2 to 13 Preparation of 2,3-pentanedione-3-oxime.
Methyl nitrite was bubbled, at a rate sufficient to maintain vigorous reflux, into a well-stirred mixture of 2-pentanone (102g) ether (400cm3) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (15cm3). The methyl nitrite gas was generated by the dropwise addition of a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid (100cm3) and water (95cm3) onto a stirred slurry of` sodium nitrite (112g), methanol (66g) and water (75cm3). ~fter the addition was complete the mixture was neutralised with 3o saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (32g in 300cm3).
The ether layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with more ether. The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated _ vacuo giving a yellow oil which crystallised on standing. Recrystallisation - 35 from hot hexane gave pure product (67g), m.p. 54-5C.
The following were prepared in a similar manner ~SZ~8~
(yield and melting point given):-2,3-Pentanedione-2-oxime (46%, mp 59-61C) 2,3-Hexanedione-3-oxime (64%, mp 42-3C) 1,2-Propanedione-1-oxime (18%, mp 61-5C) 2-methyl-3,4-pentanedione-3-oxime (45% m.p. 72-75C).
Preparation of Compounds 2A to 13A
The following diimines were prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 (yields and melting points given):-- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-dimethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (2A), (51%, m.p. 91-2C).
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (3A), (68%, m.p. 76-8C).
- 5,9-Diaza-4,10-dimethyl-4,9-tridecadiene-3,11-dione bis oxime (4A), (31%, m.p. 143.5-144.5C).
- 6,10-Diaza-5,11-dimethyl-5,10-pentadecadiene-4,12-dione bis oxime (5A), (30%, m.p. 130-1C.
- 5,9-Diaza~4,7,7,10-tetramethyl-4,9-tridecadiene-3,11-dione bis oxime (6A) (49%, m.p. 79-82C).
- 4,8-Diaza-6,6-diethyl-3,9-dimethyl-3,8-undecadiene -2,10-dione bis oxime (7A) (67%, m.p. 168-9C).
- 6,10-Diaza-5,8,8,11-tetramethyl-5,10-pentadecadiene-4,12-dione bis oxime (8A) (32%, m.p. 91-3C).
- 3,7-Diaza-2,8-dimethyl-2,7-nonadiene-1,9-dione bis oxime (9A) (87%, m.p. 124C, dec) - 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diphenyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (lOA) (59%, m.p. 169-172C).
- 4,8-Diaza-3j6,9-trimethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (11A), (70%, oil).
- 4,8-Diaza-3,5,7,9-tetramethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (12A), (98%, oil).
- 5,9-Diaza-2,4,10,12-tetramethyl-4,9-tridecadiene-3,11-dione bis oxime (13A), (27%, m.p. 120C).
~5;~8~
Preparation of Compounds 2 to 13 The following ligands were prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 (yields, melting points and NMR
data given):
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9~dimethylundecane-2~10-dione bis oxime (2), (18%, m.p. 119-122C).
NMR (1H,200MHz, d6-DMSO): 610.2(2H,s,OH), 3.2(2H,q,CH),2.3(4H,t,CH2N) 1.65(6H,s,N=CMe), 1.44(2H,m,CH2),1.04(6H,d,CH)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime ~3), (76%, oil) NMR(1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO:610.28(2H,s,OH),2.90 (2H,m,CH),2.3(4H,brm,CH2N),2.19(4H,q,CH2Me),1.61 (6H,s,N=CMe),1.4(2H,m,CH2),0.98 and 0.76 (6H,t,CH3)ppm - 5,9-Diaza-4,10-dimethyltridecane-3,11-dione bis oxime (4), (59%, oil).
NMR(1H,200MHz,CDCl3): ~3.33(2H,q,CH),2.61 (4H,q,N=CCH2),2.18(4H,m,CH2N), 1.68(2H,m,CH2),1.24 and 1.13(12H,m,CH2)ppm.
6,10-Diaza-5,11-dimethylpentadecane-~1,12-dione bis oxime (5), (57%, oil).
NMR(lH, 200MHz,CDC13):63.31(2H,q,CH), 2.62(4H,m,N=CCH2), 2.40(4H,m,CH2N),1.57(6H,m,CH2CH2).
1.23(6H,m,CHMe), 0.97(6H,t,CH3)ppm.
- 5,9-Diaza-4,7,7,10-tetramethyltridecane-3,11 -dione bis oxime (6), (33%, m.p. 120-1C).
- NMR('H,200MHz, d6-DMSO): ~10.2(2H,s,0H), 3.15(2H,q,CH),2.2(8H,brm,CH2N~N=CCH2),1.13(6H,d,CH3), 1.05(6H,t,CH3), 0.78(6H,s,CMe2)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-6,6-diethyl-3,9-dimethylundecane-2, 10-dione bis oxime (7), (10%, m.p. 142-4C).
NMR(1H,200MHz,CDCl3):~ 3 36(2H,m,CH), 2.39 (4H,s,CH2N),1.85~6H,s,C=NMe),1.25(10H,m,CH2Me+CHCH3), 0.76(6H~m,cH3)ppm~
- 6,10-Diaza-5,8,8,11-tetramethylpentadecane-4,12-~25~8~
., .
dione bis oxime (8), (5%, m.p. 134-5C).
NMR(1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO): ~3.19(2H,q,CH),2.30 (4H,s,CH2N),2.25(4H,m,N=CCH2), 1.49(4H,brm,CH2CH3), 1.13(6H,d,CHMe),0.90(12H,m,CH3)ppm.
- 3,7-Diaza 2,8-dimethylnonane-1,g-dione bis oxime (9), (13%, m.p. 111-4C).
NMR(1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO: 61o~46(2H~brs~oH~ 7.05 and 6.45 (2H,d,N=CH), 3.15(2H,m,CH), 2.44 (4H,brm,CH2N), 1.47t2H,m,CH2CH2~, 1.07(6H,d,Me)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diphenylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime (10), (22%, m.p. 101-5C).
NMR( 1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO): ~10.50(2H,brs,OH),
- 5,9-Diaza~4,7,7,10-tetramethyl-4,9-tridecadiene-3,11-dione bis oxime (6A) (49%, m.p. 79-82C).
- 4,8-Diaza-6,6-diethyl-3,9-dimethyl-3,8-undecadiene -2,10-dione bis oxime (7A) (67%, m.p. 168-9C).
- 6,10-Diaza-5,8,8,11-tetramethyl-5,10-pentadecadiene-4,12-dione bis oxime (8A) (32%, m.p. 91-3C).
- 3,7-Diaza-2,8-dimethyl-2,7-nonadiene-1,9-dione bis oxime (9A) (87%, m.p. 124C, dec) - 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diphenyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (lOA) (59%, m.p. 169-172C).
- 4,8-Diaza-3j6,9-trimethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (11A), (70%, oil).
- 4,8-Diaza-3,5,7,9-tetramethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime (12A), (98%, oil).
- 5,9-Diaza-2,4,10,12-tetramethyl-4,9-tridecadiene-3,11-dione bis oxime (13A), (27%, m.p. 120C).
~5;~8~
Preparation of Compounds 2 to 13 The following ligands were prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 (yields, melting points and NMR
data given):
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9~dimethylundecane-2~10-dione bis oxime (2), (18%, m.p. 119-122C).
NMR (1H,200MHz, d6-DMSO): 610.2(2H,s,OH), 3.2(2H,q,CH),2.3(4H,t,CH2N) 1.65(6H,s,N=CMe), 1.44(2H,m,CH2),1.04(6H,d,CH)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime ~3), (76%, oil) NMR(1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO:610.28(2H,s,OH),2.90 (2H,m,CH),2.3(4H,brm,CH2N),2.19(4H,q,CH2Me),1.61 (6H,s,N=CMe),1.4(2H,m,CH2),0.98 and 0.76 (6H,t,CH3)ppm - 5,9-Diaza-4,10-dimethyltridecane-3,11-dione bis oxime (4), (59%, oil).
NMR(1H,200MHz,CDCl3): ~3.33(2H,q,CH),2.61 (4H,q,N=CCH2),2.18(4H,m,CH2N), 1.68(2H,m,CH2),1.24 and 1.13(12H,m,CH2)ppm.
6,10-Diaza-5,11-dimethylpentadecane-~1,12-dione bis oxime (5), (57%, oil).
NMR(lH, 200MHz,CDC13):63.31(2H,q,CH), 2.62(4H,m,N=CCH2), 2.40(4H,m,CH2N),1.57(6H,m,CH2CH2).
1.23(6H,m,CHMe), 0.97(6H,t,CH3)ppm.
- 5,9-Diaza-4,7,7,10-tetramethyltridecane-3,11 -dione bis oxime (6), (33%, m.p. 120-1C).
- NMR('H,200MHz, d6-DMSO): ~10.2(2H,s,0H), 3.15(2H,q,CH),2.2(8H,brm,CH2N~N=CCH2),1.13(6H,d,CH3), 1.05(6H,t,CH3), 0.78(6H,s,CMe2)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-6,6-diethyl-3,9-dimethylundecane-2, 10-dione bis oxime (7), (10%, m.p. 142-4C).
NMR(1H,200MHz,CDCl3):~ 3 36(2H,m,CH), 2.39 (4H,s,CH2N),1.85~6H,s,C=NMe),1.25(10H,m,CH2Me+CHCH3), 0.76(6H~m,cH3)ppm~
- 6,10-Diaza-5,8,8,11-tetramethylpentadecane-4,12-~25~8~
., .
dione bis oxime (8), (5%, m.p. 134-5C).
NMR(1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO): ~3.19(2H,q,CH),2.30 (4H,s,CH2N),2.25(4H,m,N=CCH2), 1.49(4H,brm,CH2CH3), 1.13(6H,d,CHMe),0.90(12H,m,CH3)ppm.
- 3,7-Diaza 2,8-dimethylnonane-1,g-dione bis oxime (9), (13%, m.p. 111-4C).
NMR(1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO: 61o~46(2H~brs~oH~ 7.05 and 6.45 (2H,d,N=CH), 3.15(2H,m,CH), 2.44 (4H,brm,CH2N), 1.47t2H,m,CH2CH2~, 1.07(6H,d,Me)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,9-diphenylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime (10), (22%, m.p. 101-5C).
NMR( 1H,200MHz,d6-DMSO): ~10.50(2H,brs,OH),
7.3(10H,m,Ph), 4.29~2H,s,CHPh), 2.48(4H,m,CH2N), 1.63(2H,brm,CH2CH2), 1.54(6H,s,CH3)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,6,9-trimethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime (11), (40% oil).
NMR ( H, 200MHz, d6-DMSO): 63.3 (2H, q, CH) 2.4 (4H, m, CH2), 1.8 (6H, s, CH3), 1.16 (6H, d, CH3), 0.7-1.4 (lH, m, CH), 0.85 (3H, d, CH3)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,5,7,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10 bis oxime (12), (5%, m.p. 138-145C).
NMR ( H, 200MHz, d6-DMSO) 62.5 (2H, m, CH), 1.65 (6H, s, CH3), 1.23 (2H, t, CH3), 1.01 (6H, d, CH3), 0.85 (6H, m, CH3)ppm.
- 5,9-Diaza-2,4,10,12-tetramethyltridecane-3,11-dione bis oxime (13), (5.4%, m.p. 127-128C).
NMR (lH, 200MHz, CDC13)~ 3.4-3.6 (2H, 9, CH), 2.5-2.8 (4H, m, CH2), 2.3-2.5 (2H, m, CH), 1.6-1.8 (2H, m, CH2), 1.6-1.8 ~2H~ m, CH2), 1.4 (6H, d, CH3), 1.15 (12H, d, CH3)ppm.
Example 14.
SeDaration of meso- and d,l-stereoisomers of Compound 1 _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ . _ . _ . _ .
. HPLC.
The analytical separation of the meso- and d,l-diastereoisomers was accomplished by normal-phase HPLC
using a 250x4.6mm stainless steel column packed with ~SZ~8 . .
5~m silica gel microspheres connected to a commercial dual pump chromatographic system. Detection was via a variable UV detector set at 210nm, and output from the detector was directed to a chart recorder and microcomputer programmed for peak integration.
The solvent system used throughout consisted of a mixture of 85% methanol and 15% 0 04M aqueous ammonia (v/v ). In order to exclude the possibility Or column degradation using this solvent system, a 1~ precolumn packed with silica gel 15~m -25~m particles was placed in the solvent line before the sample injector. The flow rate used throughout was 1ml min 1.
Samples consisting of a mixture of diastereoisomers of Compound 1 were dissolved in methanol at a concentration of 10mg ml 1, and 10~1 aliquots were analysed.
! Baseline resolution was obtained with no evidence of tailing, and retention times of 8.90 min and 9.87 min were recorded for the meso-E,E- and d,l-E,E-isomers respectively.
B. Fractional Crystallisation.
meso-4,8-Diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime A sample of crude product, obtained direct from the aqueous work up (38g, ratio 60:40, meso:dl) was recrystallised ~our times successively from hot acetonitrile giving pure meso isomer as fine white needles (10.5g), m.p. 149.5-150C.
dl-4t8-Diaza-3L6,6,9-tetramethylundecane~2~10-dione bis oxime A sample of crude product (9.8g, ratio 50:50) wasdoubly recrystallised from hot acetonitrile giving dl-enriched material (4.6g, ratio 47:53 meso:dl). The filtrate from the second crystallisation was set aside at roo~ temperature. A small crop of crystals (220 mg, ratio 20:80, meso:dl) was removed and then the filtrate ~25~8~
. .
- 18 _ concentrated in vacuo giving dl-enriche~ material (1.41g, ratio 22:78, meso:dl). Slow recrystallisation from ethyl acetate gave pure dl isomer as large clear crystals (82mg), m.p. 129-130C.
Example 15 X ray Crystallography.
Crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained by crystallisation of the separated diastereo-isomers from methanol. Details of the structuredetermination are given below. The determinations demonstrate that the diastereoisomer with an HPLC
retention time of 8.90 minutes (Example 14.A) is the meso-diastereoisomer, while the diastereoisomer with a retention time of 9.87 minutes is the dl-diastereoisomer.
In both cases, the configuration of the oxime functionalities is EE.
a) Meso isomer C13H28N402 yLH20~ M=281, orthorhombic, space group P2~212, a = 16.946, b = 15.565, c = 6.318.~, V = 1666.46 A3, Z = 4~ Dc = 1.119 gcm 3, F(000) = 618, ~(Mo-Kx) = 0.47cm 1. 1716 intensities were recorded (3<0<25) on a Philips PW1100 diffractometer. R 0.064 for 1036 reflections with F>6~F.
b) dl isomer C13H28N402, M = 272, monoclinic, space group C2/C, a = 6.763, b = 10.92, c = 23.863a, V = 1600.79A3, ~ = 4~ Dc = 1.128 gcm 3, F(000) = 600, (Mo-K ) =
0.49cm 1 1448 intensities were recorded (3<0<25) on a Philips PW1100 diffractometer. R 0~071 for 861 reflections with F>6~F.
~L25~8~
Exarnple 16.
The 1H and 13~ NMR Spectra of the meso- and dtl-diastereoisomers of Compound 1.
1. 1H NMR Spectra 1H NMR spectra were run in d6-DMSO at 500MHz using a Bruker AM-500 FT NMR spectrometer. The following assignments were made. (For the carbon atom numbering, see the diagram above entitled "Diastereoisome~rs of Compound 1"):-5h1rt Multiplicity Assignment . _ 0.7748 s (CH3)2-C6 (meso~) 0.7779 s 0.7835 s (d,l-) 1.06905 d,J-6.73 CH3-C3+CH3-C9 (d,l-) 1.0660 d,J=6.74 CH3-c3+cH3-c9 (meso-) 1,6437 s CH3-C2+CH3-C10 2.1112 d of AB q's H's at C5~C7 25 3.1235 ABq,br H's at C3~Cg 3.30 s,br NH's 10.2495 s Oxime OH's 10.2511 s In the d,l-diastereoisomer, the methyl groups attached to C6 are in equivalent environments, and so should give a single signal. This has been assigned to the singlet at 0.7835 ppm. In the meso-diastereoisomer, the methyl groups attached to C6 are ~2S2~B~
~ 20 -in different environments, and so two singlets should be seen. These have been assigned to the singlets at 0.774B and 0.7779 ppm.
2.13C NMR Spectra _ '~C NMR spectra were run in d6-DMS0 or dll-MeOH
using a Bruker AM-250 FT NMR spectrometer or a Jeol FX-200 FT NMR spectrometer. The following assignments were made:
Chemical shift/ppm Assignment
- 4,8-Diaza-3,6,9-trimethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime (11), (40% oil).
NMR ( H, 200MHz, d6-DMSO): 63.3 (2H, q, CH) 2.4 (4H, m, CH2), 1.8 (6H, s, CH3), 1.16 (6H, d, CH3), 0.7-1.4 (lH, m, CH), 0.85 (3H, d, CH3)ppm.
- 4,8-Diaza-3,5,7,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10 bis oxime (12), (5%, m.p. 138-145C).
NMR ( H, 200MHz, d6-DMSO) 62.5 (2H, m, CH), 1.65 (6H, s, CH3), 1.23 (2H, t, CH3), 1.01 (6H, d, CH3), 0.85 (6H, m, CH3)ppm.
- 5,9-Diaza-2,4,10,12-tetramethyltridecane-3,11-dione bis oxime (13), (5.4%, m.p. 127-128C).
NMR (lH, 200MHz, CDC13)~ 3.4-3.6 (2H, 9, CH), 2.5-2.8 (4H, m, CH2), 2.3-2.5 (2H, m, CH), 1.6-1.8 (2H, m, CH2), 1.6-1.8 ~2H~ m, CH2), 1.4 (6H, d, CH3), 1.15 (12H, d, CH3)ppm.
Example 14.
SeDaration of meso- and d,l-stereoisomers of Compound 1 _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ . _ . _ . _ .
. HPLC.
The analytical separation of the meso- and d,l-diastereoisomers was accomplished by normal-phase HPLC
using a 250x4.6mm stainless steel column packed with ~SZ~8 . .
5~m silica gel microspheres connected to a commercial dual pump chromatographic system. Detection was via a variable UV detector set at 210nm, and output from the detector was directed to a chart recorder and microcomputer programmed for peak integration.
The solvent system used throughout consisted of a mixture of 85% methanol and 15% 0 04M aqueous ammonia (v/v ). In order to exclude the possibility Or column degradation using this solvent system, a 1~ precolumn packed with silica gel 15~m -25~m particles was placed in the solvent line before the sample injector. The flow rate used throughout was 1ml min 1.
Samples consisting of a mixture of diastereoisomers of Compound 1 were dissolved in methanol at a concentration of 10mg ml 1, and 10~1 aliquots were analysed.
! Baseline resolution was obtained with no evidence of tailing, and retention times of 8.90 min and 9.87 min were recorded for the meso-E,E- and d,l-E,E-isomers respectively.
B. Fractional Crystallisation.
meso-4,8-Diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime A sample of crude product, obtained direct from the aqueous work up (38g, ratio 60:40, meso:dl) was recrystallised ~our times successively from hot acetonitrile giving pure meso isomer as fine white needles (10.5g), m.p. 149.5-150C.
dl-4t8-Diaza-3L6,6,9-tetramethylundecane~2~10-dione bis oxime A sample of crude product (9.8g, ratio 50:50) wasdoubly recrystallised from hot acetonitrile giving dl-enriched material (4.6g, ratio 47:53 meso:dl). The filtrate from the second crystallisation was set aside at roo~ temperature. A small crop of crystals (220 mg, ratio 20:80, meso:dl) was removed and then the filtrate ~25~8~
. .
- 18 _ concentrated in vacuo giving dl-enriche~ material (1.41g, ratio 22:78, meso:dl). Slow recrystallisation from ethyl acetate gave pure dl isomer as large clear crystals (82mg), m.p. 129-130C.
Example 15 X ray Crystallography.
Crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained by crystallisation of the separated diastereo-isomers from methanol. Details of the structuredetermination are given below. The determinations demonstrate that the diastereoisomer with an HPLC
retention time of 8.90 minutes (Example 14.A) is the meso-diastereoisomer, while the diastereoisomer with a retention time of 9.87 minutes is the dl-diastereoisomer.
In both cases, the configuration of the oxime functionalities is EE.
a) Meso isomer C13H28N402 yLH20~ M=281, orthorhombic, space group P2~212, a = 16.946, b = 15.565, c = 6.318.~, V = 1666.46 A3, Z = 4~ Dc = 1.119 gcm 3, F(000) = 618, ~(Mo-Kx) = 0.47cm 1. 1716 intensities were recorded (3<0<25) on a Philips PW1100 diffractometer. R 0.064 for 1036 reflections with F>6~F.
b) dl isomer C13H28N402, M = 272, monoclinic, space group C2/C, a = 6.763, b = 10.92, c = 23.863a, V = 1600.79A3, ~ = 4~ Dc = 1.128 gcm 3, F(000) = 600, (Mo-K ) =
0.49cm 1 1448 intensities were recorded (3<0<25) on a Philips PW1100 diffractometer. R 0~071 for 861 reflections with F>6~F.
~L25~8~
Exarnple 16.
The 1H and 13~ NMR Spectra of the meso- and dtl-diastereoisomers of Compound 1.
1. 1H NMR Spectra 1H NMR spectra were run in d6-DMSO at 500MHz using a Bruker AM-500 FT NMR spectrometer. The following assignments were made. (For the carbon atom numbering, see the diagram above entitled "Diastereoisome~rs of Compound 1"):-5h1rt Multiplicity Assignment . _ 0.7748 s (CH3)2-C6 (meso~) 0.7779 s 0.7835 s (d,l-) 1.06905 d,J-6.73 CH3-C3+CH3-C9 (d,l-) 1.0660 d,J=6.74 CH3-c3+cH3-c9 (meso-) 1,6437 s CH3-C2+CH3-C10 2.1112 d of AB q's H's at C5~C7 25 3.1235 ABq,br H's at C3~Cg 3.30 s,br NH's 10.2495 s Oxime OH's 10.2511 s In the d,l-diastereoisomer, the methyl groups attached to C6 are in equivalent environments, and so should give a single signal. This has been assigned to the singlet at 0.7835 ppm. In the meso-diastereoisomer, the methyl groups attached to C6 are ~2S2~B~
~ 20 -in different environments, and so two singlets should be seen. These have been assigned to the singlets at 0.774B and 0.7779 ppm.
2.13C NMR Spectra _ '~C NMR spectra were run in d6-DMS0 or dll-MeOH
using a Bruker AM-250 FT NMR spectrometer or a Jeol FX-200 FT NMR spectrometer. The following assignments were made:
Chemical shift/ppm Assignment
8.9485 CH3-c2+cH3-clo 19.3809 CH3-C3+CH3_C9 (meso-) 19.4037 3 3 3 9 (d,l ) 1525.0265 ) CH3-C6 (meso-) 25.0421 25.0794 CH3-C6 (d,l-) 35.3182 C6 (d,l-) 35.3731 C6 (meso-) 2057.8070 C5+C7 (meso-) 58.3569 C5-~C7 (d~1-) 58.9974 C3+Cg (meso-) 59 .0111 C3+Cg (d,l-) 161.3406 C2+C10 (d,l-) 25161.4497 C2~C10 (meso-) The assigments were supported by off-resonance and selective proton decoupling experiments.
As with the proton spectrum, the signals for the gem-dimethyl groups at C6 are distinct for the two isomers. The clearest distinction between the isomers can be seen in the signals for the carbons C5 and C7, the signal for the d,l-diastereoisomer being seen approximately 0.55ppm downfield of the corresponding signal for the meso-diastereoisomer. The relative integrations for these signals corresponded closely to ~l2~i;2~8~
.
the values obtained for the isomer ratios by HPLC for a wide variety of samples.
Example 17 SEPARATION OF d- and l- ENANTIOMERS OF COMPOUND 1 The diastereoisomer of Compound 1 was treated with an equivalent of L-(+)-tartaric acid in hot ethanolic solution. The solution was allowed to cool, and the white solid was filtered off and recrystallised three times to give a (+)-tartrate salt of one enantiomer [~]D25 _ 28 .o8 (c=2.5,H20). M.p. 173-175C.
The filtrate from the above preparation was concentrated, and the salt was decomposed to give Compound 1 (of unknown enantiomer proportions) by dissolving in water, basifying to pH9, and filtering off the white solid. This was recrystallised from ethyl acetate to give white crystals. This sample was treated with an equivalent of D-~-)-tartaric acid in hot ethanolic solution, and the resulting white solid was recrystallised three times to give the (-)-tartrate of the other enantiomer, [~]D25 = 27.67 (c=2.5,H20). M.pt. 167.5-168 C.
The samples of the tartrate salts thus obtained were converted into the free bases by the method given above to give samples of d- and l- Compound 1. The (+)-tartrate salt gave l-Compound 1, [~D25 = -2.52 (c=4, MeOH), and the (-)-tartrate salt gave d-Compound t, [~]D25 = +2.51 (c=4, MeOH).
Example 18 SEPARATION OF COMPOUND 2 INTO ITS meso- AND d,l FORMS
_ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The meso- and d,l- forms of Compound 2 were separated by HPLC using a modification of the H~LC
conditions employed in Example 14. The only differences were t~at the solvent composition was 98%
MeOH and 2% ( 0.04 M ) aqueous ammonia, instead Or 85%
~L~52~8~
and 15% respectively, and that the flow rate was 2ml min 1 with a preparative column. Under these conditions the faster-running isomer had a retention time of approximately 24 minutes, and that of the slower-running isomer was approximately 26 minutes.
The isomers were separated by preparative HPLC, giving samples of approximately 90% purity as estimated by HPLC. From the H NMR spectra the diastereoisomer eluted first was designated meso-, and the fraction is the d,l-form.
Example 19 SEPARATION OF THE d,l and the meso ISOMERS OF
.
Partial separation of the d,l- and meso-isomers of Compound 4 was achieved using HPLC with the same conditions as were used for Compound 2. The results indicated that although the isomer separation was poor, samples of -70%:30% proportions were obtained.
As oxime isomerism occurred very rapidly t it was not possible to isolate samples of greater purity.
Example 20 -Due to rapid equilibration effects, the (E,Z)-oxime isomer of Compound 1 had proved impossible to characterize as an isolated component. However, the labelling of the (E,Z) oxime isomer was studied, by isolation of the HPLC peak corresponding to the (E,Z) oxime isomer with immediate labelling of the resulting solution. Experiments using the (E,E) isomer showed that labelling under these conditions proceeded smoothly. Using the (E,Z)-isomer it was not possible to obtain consistent results, due in part to irreproducibility of the HPLC method and in part to the equilibration process; however, a number of complexes were obtained, including a lipophilic species (usually ~5Z~8~
, ~20%, and probably derived from the (E,E)-isomer from re-equilibration of the (E,Z)-isomer) and several more hydrophilic species.
Example ? 1 Formation of the Tc-99m Complex of Compound 1 A sterile freeze dried formulation of 1.0mg of the compound 1 (a dl/meso mixture) and 15 mg of stannous tartrate in a sealed 10 ml glass vial containing a nitrogen atmosphere, was reconstituted with 3-8 ml of eluate of Tc-99m pertechnetate, obtained from a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator system. Analysis of the resultant mixture indicated that reduction of pertechnetate (to a lower oxidation form of technetium), and complexation of the reduced technetium by the ligand is complete after standing at ambient temperatures for 1 minute.
The Tc-99m complexes of Compounds 2 to 13 and individual isomers and enantiomers thereof were formed similarly~
An alternative and currently preferred formulation consists of 0.5mg of compound 1 (dl-isomer), Il.5mg of sodium chloride, and 7.6mg of stannous chloride dihydrate.
Analysis of the Tc-99m complexes Thin Layer Chromatography .
Glass fibre strips impregnated with silica gel form the stationary phase of a fast and accurate analytical system. Two strips, each measuring 20 cm x 2 cm were used in each analysis. Approximately five microlitres of the solution containing the complex was applied 1 cm from the base of each strip, and one strip developed with saline, the other with methylethyl~
ketone (MEK).
Determination of the distribution of radioactivity - ~2S2~
along each strip was conducted by means of a 100 channel analysis system interfaced to a Nova computer, programmed for peak integration. The Table below indicates the RE values of the major components of the Tc-99m solutions.
The observed radiochemical purity of the Tc-99m complexes was generally greater than 80%.
Silica gel on glass fibre chromatography Observed RF values Eluent: MEK Saline Tc-99m colloid O O
Tc-99m pertechnetate 1.01.0 15 Tc-99m complexes 0.9-1.00.0-0.2 Stability of the complexes Radiochemical purity determinations by thin layer chromatography were carried out at several time points following formation of the technetium complexes of compounds 1 and 2 (a dl/meso mixture in each case) to determine the stability of the complexes. Typical results are shown in the table below.
% of the desired Tc-99m complex Time post formation . .
!
Tc-99m complex of: 2 min 60 mln 120 min 3o Compound 1 92 87 79 Compound 2 82 60 47 _ __ The in vitro stability of the complex of compound 2 is seen to be greatly inferior to that of the complex of compound 1. These differences are important.
The percent of the Tc-99m not in the form of the 2~a8~
; complex is at all times more than twice as great with Compound 2 as with Compound 1. This radiochemical impurity would increase the background radiation in vivo to a point at which useful information would be more difficult or even impossible to obtain.
Example 22 Animal biodistribution data 0.1 ml of the Tc-99m complex solution was administered by intravenous injection (lateral tail vein) to each of five or six rats (140-220g). The injected dose was equivalent to approximately lmCi of Tc-99m. Three rats were sacrificed at 2 minutes post in~ection, and 3 at 1 hour or 2 at 2 hours post injection. At dissection, the organs and blood samples shown in the following table were taken, and assayed for radioactivity. The uptake in each organ or tissue was calculated as a percentage of the total activity recovered, The ratio of diastereoisomers in the Tc-99m complexes used in this experiment is not known.
5~
Biodistribl~tion data o~ ~c-99m conplexes o~ Iigands (no ssparation of stereoisomers ) _ _ _ _ Tc-99m % id/or~al In rats on plex Df 2 min pi 1 Dr 2 hr pi l OL ig and Nr ain de~rt LI . er Gl ood NraIc Neart Li ver B I ~d 1 1.50.4 ~.4 16 .7 1.20.2 5.4 19.6 (lhr ) 2 1.60.5 10 .914 .6 1.40 .S~ .912 .~ (lhr ) 3 1.10.2 27.~ 6.8 0.70.117.0 2.1 (2hr ) 4 1.6 _ 15 .613 .4 1.5 _ 12 .7 5.7 (lhr ) 0.8 _ la.0 10.5 O.6 _ 12.1 2.8 ~1hr ) 6 1.20.4 19.6 5.a 0.~0.213.5 2.6 (2hr ) 7 1.0 _ 20.6 7.4 0.5 _ 36.5 3.3 (lhr ) 0 .4 o .5 32 .9 1~ .0 0 .6 0 .3 16 .9 2 .7 (2hr ) 20 11 1.30.8 12.~ 11.9 1.00.410.2 4 .7 (lhr ) 12 1.00.5 23.9 8.6 0.90.319.7 6 .0 (lhr ) 13 0 .5 0 .6 15.9 15 .Z 0 .Z 0 .2 12 .5 7 .2 (1hr ) 2rj The results at 2 minutes and 1 hour p.i. are the mean of 3 animal~.
The results at 2 hours p.i. are the mean of 2 animals.
The experiment of Example 22 was repeated using the ~eparated diastereoisomers of compound 1. The results are given in the Table below and should be compared to thoAe ror compound 1 (the mixture) in the Table in Example 15.
2 ~ 8 Biodistribution data on the Tc-99m complexes rrom r ; d,l- and meso-diastereoisomers Or compound 1.
. ... .
% id/organ in rats Tc-99m 2 min p.i. 1 hour p.i.
complexes of ~rain Liver Blood Brain Liver Blood I
d.l 1.99 9.42 11.42 1.90 9.25 10.17 meso- 0.78 26.86 5.33 0.53 24.24 3.17 The reasons for the differences in brain uptake and retention are not understood, but do not appear to result from any difference in lipophilicity between the Tc-99m complexes of the two isomers. We have compared the lipophilicities o~ the two complexes, by a special HPLC method developed by ourselves for this purpose, and have concluded that they are indistin~uishable.
Example 24 RAT BIODISTRIBUTION DATA ON THE Tc-99m COMPLEXES FROM
ISOLATED STEREOISOMERS
a) dI and meso diastereoisomers %id/o~ninrats BompDund Ster~o 2 ~ins pi 1 hr pl ~o. Iso~er Brain Heart Llver 310Od Brain ~p~er ~IQQd 1 aeso 1.1 0.6 19.9 5.0 0.7 0.223.7 3.1 dl 2.1 1.2 11 3 1100 1.6 0,711.9 8.6 2 eSD 1.7 0.6 17.9 6.9 1.4 0.220.7 ?~8 dl ~.a 1.1 11.6 10.5 1.5 0.7 9.~ 7.~
2 ~
b) d and l enantiomers of Compound 1 _ . . . .
% id/organ in rats .
2 min pi 1 hr Pi 5 Enantiomer Brain Liver Blood Brain Liver Blood d 1.6 13.4 11.4 1.4 9.7 10.2 l 2.6 9.6 11.0 2.2 7.7. 11.1 Data in Tables (a) and (b) are the mean from 3 animals at each time point. They were obtained at a different time and using different formulations from the data in Example 23.
Example 25 CLINICAL STUDIES
All clinical studies, involving comparisons between the Tc-99m complexes of dl and meso, and d,l and dl stereoisomers of Compound 1 were conducted in normal volunteer subjects at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.
a) Comparison of dl and meso diastereoisomers of Compound 1 This study was published:
99mTc HM-PA0 Stereoisomers as Potential Agents for Imaging Regional Cerebral Blood Flow - Human Volunteer ~5 Studies. Sharp PF, Smith FW, Cemmell HC et al.
J.Nucl.Med., 1986, 27, pages 171-177.
The following table demonstrates the mean percentage of total activity injected per organ at 20 minutes p.i. Data is then taken from area of interest studies employing a whole body scanning device.
- ~2SZ~
- 29 _ Tc-99m complex of % injected activity Stereoisomer of Bladder Compound 1 Brain Liver Kidneys +Urine meso 1.85 16.6 1.3 0.6 dl 4.22 10.22 3.50 2.28 Mixture 1.95 13.0 1.95 1.1l b) Comparison of d,l and dl stereoisomers of Compound . _ The following table gives the mean of three studies for each stereoisomer, of percentage of injected dose in normal volunteers at 30 minutes p.i.
BrainBiver Kidney d 3.7612.66 1.46 l 4.308.o6 4.0 dl 4.1610.73 3.03 Clinical studies in normal volunteer sub~ects -The following data allows comparison of the relative performance of the complexes of compounds 1 and 2 (an unseparated dl/meso mixture in each case) in 30 human volunteer subjects.
~2SZ~
i) Blood clearance Time post% id in blood injection (minutes)Compound lCompound 2 14 9.54 11.06 7.73 6.9 6.38 5.93 250 5.26 3.9 ii) Whole body distribution Whole body distribution at 2 hrs p.i.
Compound 1 Compound 2 Brain 3.70 3.48 Liver 23.35 13.21 Bladder 3.9 21.02 Tomographic Imaging Studies in man rromographic images o~ the brain were determined using the same complexes in normal volunteers. The device used was a single head rotating gamma camera and minicomputer system. 64 25-second images were accumulated by the gamma camera during ~Z5;~
360 circular ro-tation of the head and shoulders of the volunteer.
Good quality tomographic images of the brain were obtained by the reconstruction of the images obtained using -the complex of Compound 1 by the minicomputer. The images ob-tained using the complex of Compound 2 were less good, due to a higher level of background radiation, resulting from a higher uptake in soft tissue regions.
Example 27 _n vitro labelling of leucocytes A solution of the technetium-99m complex of compound 1 was made as follows. A vial contained 0.5mg compound 1; 7.5mg stannous chloride dihydrate; and 4.5mg sodium chloride;
freeze-dried and sealed under nitrogen. To this was added 5.0ml of sodium pertechnetate eluate from a 135mCi technetium generator.
Mixed leucocytes were obtained from 34ml of acid citrate an-ticoagulated blood by dextran sedimentation. These were washed twice and resuspended in 2.Oml phosphate buffered saline containing approximately 0.25mg/ml prostaglandin El. The suspension was incuba-ted with 0.2ml of the solution of the technetium-99m complex of compound 1. Incubation was at ambient temperature, and samples were removed at intervals for analysis.
After two minutes, 60% of the radioactivity was associated with blood cells; after 5 minutes, 83% and after 10 minutes, 89%.
Tc-99m labelled leucocytes prepared by this method were in~ected into rats bearing abscesses produced by implantation of sponge impregnated with faecal extract. Abscess uptake was identical to that for In-lll labelled leucocytes.
As with the proton spectrum, the signals for the gem-dimethyl groups at C6 are distinct for the two isomers. The clearest distinction between the isomers can be seen in the signals for the carbons C5 and C7, the signal for the d,l-diastereoisomer being seen approximately 0.55ppm downfield of the corresponding signal for the meso-diastereoisomer. The relative integrations for these signals corresponded closely to ~l2~i;2~8~
.
the values obtained for the isomer ratios by HPLC for a wide variety of samples.
Example 17 SEPARATION OF d- and l- ENANTIOMERS OF COMPOUND 1 The diastereoisomer of Compound 1 was treated with an equivalent of L-(+)-tartaric acid in hot ethanolic solution. The solution was allowed to cool, and the white solid was filtered off and recrystallised three times to give a (+)-tartrate salt of one enantiomer [~]D25 _ 28 .o8 (c=2.5,H20). M.p. 173-175C.
The filtrate from the above preparation was concentrated, and the salt was decomposed to give Compound 1 (of unknown enantiomer proportions) by dissolving in water, basifying to pH9, and filtering off the white solid. This was recrystallised from ethyl acetate to give white crystals. This sample was treated with an equivalent of D-~-)-tartaric acid in hot ethanolic solution, and the resulting white solid was recrystallised three times to give the (-)-tartrate of the other enantiomer, [~]D25 = 27.67 (c=2.5,H20). M.pt. 167.5-168 C.
The samples of the tartrate salts thus obtained were converted into the free bases by the method given above to give samples of d- and l- Compound 1. The (+)-tartrate salt gave l-Compound 1, [~D25 = -2.52 (c=4, MeOH), and the (-)-tartrate salt gave d-Compound t, [~]D25 = +2.51 (c=4, MeOH).
Example 18 SEPARATION OF COMPOUND 2 INTO ITS meso- AND d,l FORMS
_ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The meso- and d,l- forms of Compound 2 were separated by HPLC using a modification of the H~LC
conditions employed in Example 14. The only differences were t~at the solvent composition was 98%
MeOH and 2% ( 0.04 M ) aqueous ammonia, instead Or 85%
~L~52~8~
and 15% respectively, and that the flow rate was 2ml min 1 with a preparative column. Under these conditions the faster-running isomer had a retention time of approximately 24 minutes, and that of the slower-running isomer was approximately 26 minutes.
The isomers were separated by preparative HPLC, giving samples of approximately 90% purity as estimated by HPLC. From the H NMR spectra the diastereoisomer eluted first was designated meso-, and the fraction is the d,l-form.
Example 19 SEPARATION OF THE d,l and the meso ISOMERS OF
.
Partial separation of the d,l- and meso-isomers of Compound 4 was achieved using HPLC with the same conditions as were used for Compound 2. The results indicated that although the isomer separation was poor, samples of -70%:30% proportions were obtained.
As oxime isomerism occurred very rapidly t it was not possible to isolate samples of greater purity.
Example 20 -Due to rapid equilibration effects, the (E,Z)-oxime isomer of Compound 1 had proved impossible to characterize as an isolated component. However, the labelling of the (E,Z) oxime isomer was studied, by isolation of the HPLC peak corresponding to the (E,Z) oxime isomer with immediate labelling of the resulting solution. Experiments using the (E,E) isomer showed that labelling under these conditions proceeded smoothly. Using the (E,Z)-isomer it was not possible to obtain consistent results, due in part to irreproducibility of the HPLC method and in part to the equilibration process; however, a number of complexes were obtained, including a lipophilic species (usually ~5Z~8~
, ~20%, and probably derived from the (E,E)-isomer from re-equilibration of the (E,Z)-isomer) and several more hydrophilic species.
Example ? 1 Formation of the Tc-99m Complex of Compound 1 A sterile freeze dried formulation of 1.0mg of the compound 1 (a dl/meso mixture) and 15 mg of stannous tartrate in a sealed 10 ml glass vial containing a nitrogen atmosphere, was reconstituted with 3-8 ml of eluate of Tc-99m pertechnetate, obtained from a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator system. Analysis of the resultant mixture indicated that reduction of pertechnetate (to a lower oxidation form of technetium), and complexation of the reduced technetium by the ligand is complete after standing at ambient temperatures for 1 minute.
The Tc-99m complexes of Compounds 2 to 13 and individual isomers and enantiomers thereof were formed similarly~
An alternative and currently preferred formulation consists of 0.5mg of compound 1 (dl-isomer), Il.5mg of sodium chloride, and 7.6mg of stannous chloride dihydrate.
Analysis of the Tc-99m complexes Thin Layer Chromatography .
Glass fibre strips impregnated with silica gel form the stationary phase of a fast and accurate analytical system. Two strips, each measuring 20 cm x 2 cm were used in each analysis. Approximately five microlitres of the solution containing the complex was applied 1 cm from the base of each strip, and one strip developed with saline, the other with methylethyl~
ketone (MEK).
Determination of the distribution of radioactivity - ~2S2~
along each strip was conducted by means of a 100 channel analysis system interfaced to a Nova computer, programmed for peak integration. The Table below indicates the RE values of the major components of the Tc-99m solutions.
The observed radiochemical purity of the Tc-99m complexes was generally greater than 80%.
Silica gel on glass fibre chromatography Observed RF values Eluent: MEK Saline Tc-99m colloid O O
Tc-99m pertechnetate 1.01.0 15 Tc-99m complexes 0.9-1.00.0-0.2 Stability of the complexes Radiochemical purity determinations by thin layer chromatography were carried out at several time points following formation of the technetium complexes of compounds 1 and 2 (a dl/meso mixture in each case) to determine the stability of the complexes. Typical results are shown in the table below.
% of the desired Tc-99m complex Time post formation . .
!
Tc-99m complex of: 2 min 60 mln 120 min 3o Compound 1 92 87 79 Compound 2 82 60 47 _ __ The in vitro stability of the complex of compound 2 is seen to be greatly inferior to that of the complex of compound 1. These differences are important.
The percent of the Tc-99m not in the form of the 2~a8~
; complex is at all times more than twice as great with Compound 2 as with Compound 1. This radiochemical impurity would increase the background radiation in vivo to a point at which useful information would be more difficult or even impossible to obtain.
Example 22 Animal biodistribution data 0.1 ml of the Tc-99m complex solution was administered by intravenous injection (lateral tail vein) to each of five or six rats (140-220g). The injected dose was equivalent to approximately lmCi of Tc-99m. Three rats were sacrificed at 2 minutes post in~ection, and 3 at 1 hour or 2 at 2 hours post injection. At dissection, the organs and blood samples shown in the following table were taken, and assayed for radioactivity. The uptake in each organ or tissue was calculated as a percentage of the total activity recovered, The ratio of diastereoisomers in the Tc-99m complexes used in this experiment is not known.
5~
Biodistribl~tion data o~ ~c-99m conplexes o~ Iigands (no ssparation of stereoisomers ) _ _ _ _ Tc-99m % id/or~al In rats on plex Df 2 min pi 1 Dr 2 hr pi l OL ig and Nr ain de~rt LI . er Gl ood NraIc Neart Li ver B I ~d 1 1.50.4 ~.4 16 .7 1.20.2 5.4 19.6 (lhr ) 2 1.60.5 10 .914 .6 1.40 .S~ .912 .~ (lhr ) 3 1.10.2 27.~ 6.8 0.70.117.0 2.1 (2hr ) 4 1.6 _ 15 .613 .4 1.5 _ 12 .7 5.7 (lhr ) 0.8 _ la.0 10.5 O.6 _ 12.1 2.8 ~1hr ) 6 1.20.4 19.6 5.a 0.~0.213.5 2.6 (2hr ) 7 1.0 _ 20.6 7.4 0.5 _ 36.5 3.3 (lhr ) 0 .4 o .5 32 .9 1~ .0 0 .6 0 .3 16 .9 2 .7 (2hr ) 20 11 1.30.8 12.~ 11.9 1.00.410.2 4 .7 (lhr ) 12 1.00.5 23.9 8.6 0.90.319.7 6 .0 (lhr ) 13 0 .5 0 .6 15.9 15 .Z 0 .Z 0 .2 12 .5 7 .2 (1hr ) 2rj The results at 2 minutes and 1 hour p.i. are the mean of 3 animal~.
The results at 2 hours p.i. are the mean of 2 animals.
The experiment of Example 22 was repeated using the ~eparated diastereoisomers of compound 1. The results are given in the Table below and should be compared to thoAe ror compound 1 (the mixture) in the Table in Example 15.
2 ~ 8 Biodistribution data on the Tc-99m complexes rrom r ; d,l- and meso-diastereoisomers Or compound 1.
. ... .
% id/organ in rats Tc-99m 2 min p.i. 1 hour p.i.
complexes of ~rain Liver Blood Brain Liver Blood I
d.l 1.99 9.42 11.42 1.90 9.25 10.17 meso- 0.78 26.86 5.33 0.53 24.24 3.17 The reasons for the differences in brain uptake and retention are not understood, but do not appear to result from any difference in lipophilicity between the Tc-99m complexes of the two isomers. We have compared the lipophilicities o~ the two complexes, by a special HPLC method developed by ourselves for this purpose, and have concluded that they are indistin~uishable.
Example 24 RAT BIODISTRIBUTION DATA ON THE Tc-99m COMPLEXES FROM
ISOLATED STEREOISOMERS
a) dI and meso diastereoisomers %id/o~ninrats BompDund Ster~o 2 ~ins pi 1 hr pl ~o. Iso~er Brain Heart Llver 310Od Brain ~p~er ~IQQd 1 aeso 1.1 0.6 19.9 5.0 0.7 0.223.7 3.1 dl 2.1 1.2 11 3 1100 1.6 0,711.9 8.6 2 eSD 1.7 0.6 17.9 6.9 1.4 0.220.7 ?~8 dl ~.a 1.1 11.6 10.5 1.5 0.7 9.~ 7.~
2 ~
b) d and l enantiomers of Compound 1 _ . . . .
% id/organ in rats .
2 min pi 1 hr Pi 5 Enantiomer Brain Liver Blood Brain Liver Blood d 1.6 13.4 11.4 1.4 9.7 10.2 l 2.6 9.6 11.0 2.2 7.7. 11.1 Data in Tables (a) and (b) are the mean from 3 animals at each time point. They were obtained at a different time and using different formulations from the data in Example 23.
Example 25 CLINICAL STUDIES
All clinical studies, involving comparisons between the Tc-99m complexes of dl and meso, and d,l and dl stereoisomers of Compound 1 were conducted in normal volunteer subjects at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.
a) Comparison of dl and meso diastereoisomers of Compound 1 This study was published:
99mTc HM-PA0 Stereoisomers as Potential Agents for Imaging Regional Cerebral Blood Flow - Human Volunteer ~5 Studies. Sharp PF, Smith FW, Cemmell HC et al.
J.Nucl.Med., 1986, 27, pages 171-177.
The following table demonstrates the mean percentage of total activity injected per organ at 20 minutes p.i. Data is then taken from area of interest studies employing a whole body scanning device.
- ~2SZ~
- 29 _ Tc-99m complex of % injected activity Stereoisomer of Bladder Compound 1 Brain Liver Kidneys +Urine meso 1.85 16.6 1.3 0.6 dl 4.22 10.22 3.50 2.28 Mixture 1.95 13.0 1.95 1.1l b) Comparison of d,l and dl stereoisomers of Compound . _ The following table gives the mean of three studies for each stereoisomer, of percentage of injected dose in normal volunteers at 30 minutes p.i.
BrainBiver Kidney d 3.7612.66 1.46 l 4.308.o6 4.0 dl 4.1610.73 3.03 Clinical studies in normal volunteer sub~ects -The following data allows comparison of the relative performance of the complexes of compounds 1 and 2 (an unseparated dl/meso mixture in each case) in 30 human volunteer subjects.
~2SZ~
i) Blood clearance Time post% id in blood injection (minutes)Compound lCompound 2 14 9.54 11.06 7.73 6.9 6.38 5.93 250 5.26 3.9 ii) Whole body distribution Whole body distribution at 2 hrs p.i.
Compound 1 Compound 2 Brain 3.70 3.48 Liver 23.35 13.21 Bladder 3.9 21.02 Tomographic Imaging Studies in man rromographic images o~ the brain were determined using the same complexes in normal volunteers. The device used was a single head rotating gamma camera and minicomputer system. 64 25-second images were accumulated by the gamma camera during ~Z5;~
360 circular ro-tation of the head and shoulders of the volunteer.
Good quality tomographic images of the brain were obtained by the reconstruction of the images obtained using -the complex of Compound 1 by the minicomputer. The images ob-tained using the complex of Compound 2 were less good, due to a higher level of background radiation, resulting from a higher uptake in soft tissue regions.
Example 27 _n vitro labelling of leucocytes A solution of the technetium-99m complex of compound 1 was made as follows. A vial contained 0.5mg compound 1; 7.5mg stannous chloride dihydrate; and 4.5mg sodium chloride;
freeze-dried and sealed under nitrogen. To this was added 5.0ml of sodium pertechnetate eluate from a 135mCi technetium generator.
Mixed leucocytes were obtained from 34ml of acid citrate an-ticoagulated blood by dextran sedimentation. These were washed twice and resuspended in 2.Oml phosphate buffered saline containing approximately 0.25mg/ml prostaglandin El. The suspension was incuba-ted with 0.2ml of the solution of the technetium-99m complex of compound 1. Incubation was at ambient temperature, and samples were removed at intervals for analysis.
After two minutes, 60% of the radioactivity was associated with blood cells; after 5 minutes, 83% and after 10 minutes, 89%.
Tc-99m labelled leucocytes prepared by this method were in~ected into rats bearing abscesses produced by implantation of sponge impregnated with faecal extract. Abscess uptake was identical to that for In-lll labelled leucocytes.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A propylene amine oxime having the formula 2:
2 (wherein each group may be the same or different at different positions in the molecule and where R is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, CF3, CONX2 or C6H4OCH3, R1 is alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, or R and R1 together form part of a cycloalkyl ring, each of R2, R3 and R4 is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, and X is H, CH3, C2H5 or C6H5, wherein the ligand of formula 2 is in the form of a single stereoisomer or of a mixture of two or three such stereoisomers, provided that, where R is methyl and R1 is methyl and R2 is hydrogen or methyl, a mixture of three such stereoisomers contains an artificially high concentration of one of them).
2 (wherein each group may be the same or different at different positions in the molecule and where R is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, CF3, CONX2 or C6H4OCH3, R1 is alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, or R and R1 together form part of a cycloalkyl ring, each of R2, R3 and R4 is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or CF3, and X is H, CH3, C2H5 or C6H5, wherein the ligand of formula 2 is in the form of a single stereoisomer or of a mixture of two or three such stereoisomers, provided that, where R is methyl and R1 is methyl and R2 is hydrogen or methyl, a mixture of three such stereoisomers contains an artificially high concentration of one of them).
2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is 4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime.
3. A compound as claimed in claim 2 in the form of the dl-diastereoisomer.
4. A compound as claimed in claim 2 in the form of the l-enantiomer.
5. A compound as claimed in claim 2 in the form of the d-enantiomer.
6. A compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 is C1-4 alkyl or phenyl, and each of R, R2, R3 and R4 is H or C1-4 alkyl
7. A compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as follows:
8, A process for producing a propylene amine oxime of the formula 2 as defined in claim 1, which process comprises:
reacting a dione monoxime of the formula:
with a diamine of the formula:
in the presence of an acid dehydration catalyst, thereby producing a diimine of the formula:
and then reducing the imino double bonds in the diimine.
reacting a dione monoxime of the formula:
with a diamine of the formula:
in the presence of an acid dehydration catalyst, thereby producing a diimine of the formula:
and then reducing the imino double bonds in the diimine.
9, A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein acetic acid is used as the dehydroation catalyst and sodium borohydride is used in the reduction of the imino double bonds.
10. A process for producing 4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bis oxime, which comprises:
reacting 2,3-butanedione monoxime with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in the presence of acetic acid, thereby producing 4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime, and reducing the produced undecadienedione bis oxime with sodium borohydride.
reacting 2,3-butanedione monoxime with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in the presence of acetic acid, thereby producing 4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-3,8-undecadiene-2,10-dione bis oxime, and reducing the produced undecadienedione bis oxime with sodium borohydride.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB858506249A GB8506249D0 (en) | 1985-03-11 | 1985-03-11 | Complexes of technetium-99m |
| GB8506249 | 1985-03-11 | ||
| GB8509368 | 1985-04-12 | ||
| GB858509368A GB8509368D0 (en) | 1985-04-12 | 1985-04-12 | Complexes of technetium ggm |
| CA000503659A CA1243329A (en) | 1985-03-11 | 1986-03-10 | Complexes of technetium-99m with propylene amine oximes |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000503659A Division CA1243329A (en) | 1985-03-11 | 1986-03-10 | Complexes of technetium-99m with propylene amine oximes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1252481A true CA1252481A (en) | 1989-04-11 |
Family
ID=27167592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000572735A Expired CA1252481A (en) | 1985-03-11 | 1988-07-20 | Complexes of technetium-99m with propylene amine oximes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1252481A (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-07-20 CA CA000572735A patent/CA1252481A/en not_active Expired
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