CA1252148A - Electrically conductive table or floor covering - Google Patents
Electrically conductive table or floor coveringInfo
- Publication number
- CA1252148A CA1252148A CA000485978A CA485978A CA1252148A CA 1252148 A CA1252148 A CA 1252148A CA 000485978 A CA000485978 A CA 000485978A CA 485978 A CA485978 A CA 485978A CA 1252148 A CA1252148 A CA 1252148A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- upper layer
- under layer
- electrically conductive
- floor covering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
- H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
- H05F3/02—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of earthing connections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/025—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G11/00—Table linen
- A47G11/003—Table-cloths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0005—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface
- D06N7/0039—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface characterised by the physical or chemical aspects of the layers
- D06N7/0042—Conductive or insulating layers; Antistatic layers; Flame-proof layers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
- H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
- H05F3/02—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of earthing connections
- H05F3/025—Floors or floor coverings specially adapted for discharging static charges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
Electrically conductive table or floor covering, comprising an under layer of electrically conductive rubber or plastic connected by a metallic conductor to a ground wire, and having an upper layer located on top of the under layer. The upper layer has a higher electrical resistance than the under layer, and the under layer has projections extending therefrom in closely adjacent surface regions, such projections completely penetrating the upper layer to the surface thereof. The under layer is covered on its surface opposite the upper layer with an isolating layer of relatively high electrical resistance, and the metallic conductor having adjustably variable resistance.
This construction provides a standardized, electrically conductive table or floor covering, which is impervious to the effects of water and abrasive wear and tear and meets the safety standard applicable to rooms wherein antistatic coverings are required. It is also possible to provide the table or floor covering with a light-coloured or colourful upper surface, if desired.
Electrically conductive table or floor covering, comprising an under layer of electrically conductive rubber or plastic connected by a metallic conductor to a ground wire, and having an upper layer located on top of the under layer. The upper layer has a higher electrical resistance than the under layer, and the under layer has projections extending therefrom in closely adjacent surface regions, such projections completely penetrating the upper layer to the surface thereof. The under layer is covered on its surface opposite the upper layer with an isolating layer of relatively high electrical resistance, and the metallic conductor having adjustably variable resistance.
This construction provides a standardized, electrically conductive table or floor covering, which is impervious to the effects of water and abrasive wear and tear and meets the safety standard applicable to rooms wherein antistatic coverings are required. It is also possible to provide the table or floor covering with a light-coloured or colourful upper surface, if desired.
Description
l4~
~l ctricallv Conductive T _ _e r _loor Cover ng The invention relates to an electrically conductive table or floor covering which ;ncludes an under layer of conductive rubber or plastic which 1s appropriately shaped and electrically connected to ground by means of a metallic conductor, and an upper layer having a greater resistance than the under layer.
A floor covering of this type is described, for example, in DE-OS 28 24 739, the upper layer of which is continuously formed snd covers the under layer over its entire surface. Electrical charge accumulated at the surface of the upper layer MUSt be shunted through the material of the upper layer to the under layer, which is extremely difficult to achieve in a reliable manner.
Antistatic floor coverings are needed, for example, in operating rooms and rooms in which electrical data processing systems or explosive materials are stor0d. The discharge capacity is normally defined by the resistance thereto. According to the area of application, this has a varying magnitude and should, in accordance with regulations, be between 2 x 10 and 10 Ohms for operating rooms; in rooms in which electrical data processing systems are stored, less than 10 Ohms; and in storerooms for explosive materials, less than 10 Ohms. The equipping of these various rooms thus necessitates floor coverings of varying construction, which is clearly unsatisfactory from the viewpoint of production and storage costs.
The adjustment of the discharge resistance is achieved in the case of floor coverings according to DE-OS 28 24 739 by the incorporation of selected amounts of chemical substances effective as antistatic agents in the material used to produce the upper or lower layer. Alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, quaternary nitrogen bases, ethoxylated fatty amines, alkyloamines, phosphoric acid esters, polyglycol esters and soots are mentioned in this publication as being suitable antistatic agents. However, these have the disadvantage of being easily washed out by water used in washing the floor covering or that of darkening the floor covering, which i9 equally unsatiseactory. Nevertheless, the achievement of a selected discharge resistance of the entire floor covering only by the application of a suitably modified material mixture is extremely difficult in that the discharge resistance is, among other things, ultimately determined by the thickness of the individual layers as well as by the hygroscopicity of the material used, and therefore by the dimensions ~5~
which, during the subsequent use of the floor covering, are subject to considerable change.
The present invention addresses the problem of providing a standardized, electrically conductive table or floor covering, which is impervious to the effects of water and abrasive wear and tear and meets the safety stanclards applicable to rooms wherein antistatic coverings are required. It should also be possible to provide the table or floor covering with a light-coloured or colourful upper surEace, if desired.
Our Canadian patent application No. 438,649, filed October 7, 1983, describes a process for joining together the individual layers of an electrically conductive floor covering. Such process, as described below, may be applied to the production of table and floor coverings according to the present invention. In this process, the upper and lower layers are pressed together and the upper layer has regularly or randomly distributed perforations therethrough, these being of a minimum diameter of 1 mm and so disposed that the smallest distance between them is no less than 2 mm and the largest no more than 40 mm. The pressing process is such that the material of the under layer fills the perforations made in the upper layer right up to the surface of the upper layer.
This process is particularly suited to the present invention because the upper and lower layers and the isolation layer can be compressed and bonded together simultaneously.
The upper layer is produced from any material that, when pressed together with the under layer, will display a higher flow viscosity and which, because of its type, is suitable for forming a solid bond with the material that makes up the under layer. Such a coordination of the viscosities of the upper layer and the under layer is achieved by the choice of correspondingly different materials for both layers. The under layer may for instance consist of a rubber-elastic material, the upper layer of a thermoplastic material.
Polyesters and polyamides are particularly suitable, wh0reas sheets such as woven fabrics, knits or bonded fabrics can be used to produce the upper layer. Insofar as the thermal conditions of the pressing process bring about a softening effect in the upper layer, it is simply necessary to ensure that the flow viscosity of the upper layer material is greater than the flow viscosity of the material in the uncler layer that is softened at the same 65~2-1 time. This will lead to sood contour sharpness between the variously coloured areas constituted by the projections of the under layer seen in the perforated regions of the upper layer. The flow viscosity that is referred to is that which is designated "Mooney viscosity" in the case of rubber-elastic materials It is necessary to ensure a sufficiently stable bond between the upper and under layers and this can be improved if necessary by incorporating a layer of adhesive agent, for example, a polyurethane adhesive, a polychloroprene adhesive, a resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex adhesive, or a chlorine-rubber solution. In the case of open-weave layers - for example, a net or a fleece -a layer of this kind will simultaneously hinder the penetration of the poresof the upper layer by the rubber-~lastic material that is softened during the vulcanization process.
Where the under and the upper layers are of the same eeneral type of material - for e~ample, a rubber-elastic material - it is possible to achieve an increase in the flow viscosity of the material in the upper layer during the pressing process by mixing iD a relatively large amount of a mineral filler. In the same way, the flow viscosity of the material in the lower layer can be reduced by using or mixing in a copolymer material of especially low viscosity, or by usin~ another type of vulcanization material. It is also possible to produce the upper and the under layers of identical rubber-elastic materials ~the conductive additives and/or amounts thereof will be different~, if the upper layer is vulcanized and synchronous softening during pressing together of the upper layer with the lower layer is hindered thereby.
Because of the electrically isolating layer forming the bottom of the table or floor covering according to the invention, the discharge resistance can be adjusted to a precise value entirely independently of the resistances of the table or floor. This is accomplished by means of a variable resistance element arranged in the metal].ic conductor, which connects the under layer with the ground wire. Subsequent adjustments can be carried out by unskilled help, if necessary, and can also be achieved automatically if the variQble resistance element is connected to Q self-activQting control device - such systems being commercially available.
The advantages realized by the table or floor covering according to this invention are mostly due to the fact that the electrical resistance can be adjusted to any desired value by activating the variable resistance element ~2:5~
with raspect to the requirements of each individual case. It is thereby sufficient to have a standardized embodiment of the table or floor covering of the invention for most applications and the storage heretofore required is thereby greatly reduced and the production much simplified. A further sdvantage is due to the fact that the table or floor covering of the invention can be designed to have light colours, which is very desirable if attractively equipped rooms are required.
The invention will now be described further by reference to the following example.
EXAMPLE _ A rubber mixture A (see below) is homogenised in an internal mixer. The mixture is then passed to a calender and rolled out to a sheet 0.5 to 1.0 mm thick. The sheet is rolled and subsequently passed to a strip calender in which it is prevulcanized at a surface temperature of 180 deg. C at a throughput rate of 80 m/h for a period of approximately 3 minutes.
The components listed as mixture I below are introduced to the mixer and after homogenisation has been completed, the mixture is rolled out to form a sheet 1.5 to 2.0 mm thick.
A portion of the sheet of composition A is provided with perforations which penetrate it completely, in a roll punch. These perforations are cylindrical and are 1.8 mm in diameter and are arranged 20 mm apart in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The perforations as a whole form a mosaic that is reminiscent of a tile pattern. In the sense of the present invention, this sheet constitutes the upper layer. It is inherently strong to the point that it can be handled without any danger of damage or tearing the pattern formed by the perforations.
The sheet produced from the mixture according to Mixture I is then taken and covered on its upper side with the perforated upper layer and on its underside with the unperforated remaining portion of the sheet of mixture A.
The three-layered laminate so obtained is then transferred to a heated calender. The upper layer with the blanks is directed to the polished calender roller; at a surface temperature of 180 C, this has a running speed of 36 m/h, which corresponds to a residence time of 6 minutes for the triple-layered construction. During this period, the three layers are vulcanized and inseparably joined together. The surface i5 characterized by a ~:5~
full, continuous vulcani~ation skin whose colour pattern is broken only by the material of the under l~yer pressed into the blanks.
A similar result may be obtained i instead of the polished calender roller, a roller is used having a waffle or leather-like surface. Other suitable pressing tools may also be used.
The under layer is then connected to a metallic conductor having a variable resistance, whereby the discharge resistance can be varied from 5 x 10 to 5 x 10 Ohms.
MIXTURE A MIXTURE I
SBR-rubber 15 10ll . 8 %
High styrol resin (6570 block-styrol~ 2.4 %O 5.6 %
Kaolin 60.0 % qO
Carbon black 61.5 %
Chalk 8.5 qO 14.9 %
Softener 1.7 % 3.35 qO
TiO2 2.5 7O
Lithopone 6.7 %
ZnO 0.7 % 0.7 %
Stearic acid 0.35 qO 0.35 %
Triethanolamine 0.35 %
Paraffin 0.35 % 0.35 7O
Anti-aging agent 0.2 % 0.2 %
~l ctricallv Conductive T _ _e r _loor Cover ng The invention relates to an electrically conductive table or floor covering which ;ncludes an under layer of conductive rubber or plastic which 1s appropriately shaped and electrically connected to ground by means of a metallic conductor, and an upper layer having a greater resistance than the under layer.
A floor covering of this type is described, for example, in DE-OS 28 24 739, the upper layer of which is continuously formed snd covers the under layer over its entire surface. Electrical charge accumulated at the surface of the upper layer MUSt be shunted through the material of the upper layer to the under layer, which is extremely difficult to achieve in a reliable manner.
Antistatic floor coverings are needed, for example, in operating rooms and rooms in which electrical data processing systems or explosive materials are stor0d. The discharge capacity is normally defined by the resistance thereto. According to the area of application, this has a varying magnitude and should, in accordance with regulations, be between 2 x 10 and 10 Ohms for operating rooms; in rooms in which electrical data processing systems are stored, less than 10 Ohms; and in storerooms for explosive materials, less than 10 Ohms. The equipping of these various rooms thus necessitates floor coverings of varying construction, which is clearly unsatisfactory from the viewpoint of production and storage costs.
The adjustment of the discharge resistance is achieved in the case of floor coverings according to DE-OS 28 24 739 by the incorporation of selected amounts of chemical substances effective as antistatic agents in the material used to produce the upper or lower layer. Alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, quaternary nitrogen bases, ethoxylated fatty amines, alkyloamines, phosphoric acid esters, polyglycol esters and soots are mentioned in this publication as being suitable antistatic agents. However, these have the disadvantage of being easily washed out by water used in washing the floor covering or that of darkening the floor covering, which i9 equally unsatiseactory. Nevertheless, the achievement of a selected discharge resistance of the entire floor covering only by the application of a suitably modified material mixture is extremely difficult in that the discharge resistance is, among other things, ultimately determined by the thickness of the individual layers as well as by the hygroscopicity of the material used, and therefore by the dimensions ~5~
which, during the subsequent use of the floor covering, are subject to considerable change.
The present invention addresses the problem of providing a standardized, electrically conductive table or floor covering, which is impervious to the effects of water and abrasive wear and tear and meets the safety stanclards applicable to rooms wherein antistatic coverings are required. It should also be possible to provide the table or floor covering with a light-coloured or colourful upper surEace, if desired.
Our Canadian patent application No. 438,649, filed October 7, 1983, describes a process for joining together the individual layers of an electrically conductive floor covering. Such process, as described below, may be applied to the production of table and floor coverings according to the present invention. In this process, the upper and lower layers are pressed together and the upper layer has regularly or randomly distributed perforations therethrough, these being of a minimum diameter of 1 mm and so disposed that the smallest distance between them is no less than 2 mm and the largest no more than 40 mm. The pressing process is such that the material of the under layer fills the perforations made in the upper layer right up to the surface of the upper layer.
This process is particularly suited to the present invention because the upper and lower layers and the isolation layer can be compressed and bonded together simultaneously.
The upper layer is produced from any material that, when pressed together with the under layer, will display a higher flow viscosity and which, because of its type, is suitable for forming a solid bond with the material that makes up the under layer. Such a coordination of the viscosities of the upper layer and the under layer is achieved by the choice of correspondingly different materials for both layers. The under layer may for instance consist of a rubber-elastic material, the upper layer of a thermoplastic material.
Polyesters and polyamides are particularly suitable, wh0reas sheets such as woven fabrics, knits or bonded fabrics can be used to produce the upper layer. Insofar as the thermal conditions of the pressing process bring about a softening effect in the upper layer, it is simply necessary to ensure that the flow viscosity of the upper layer material is greater than the flow viscosity of the material in the uncler layer that is softened at the same 65~2-1 time. This will lead to sood contour sharpness between the variously coloured areas constituted by the projections of the under layer seen in the perforated regions of the upper layer. The flow viscosity that is referred to is that which is designated "Mooney viscosity" in the case of rubber-elastic materials It is necessary to ensure a sufficiently stable bond between the upper and under layers and this can be improved if necessary by incorporating a layer of adhesive agent, for example, a polyurethane adhesive, a polychloroprene adhesive, a resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex adhesive, or a chlorine-rubber solution. In the case of open-weave layers - for example, a net or a fleece -a layer of this kind will simultaneously hinder the penetration of the poresof the upper layer by the rubber-~lastic material that is softened during the vulcanization process.
Where the under and the upper layers are of the same eeneral type of material - for e~ample, a rubber-elastic material - it is possible to achieve an increase in the flow viscosity of the material in the upper layer during the pressing process by mixing iD a relatively large amount of a mineral filler. In the same way, the flow viscosity of the material in the lower layer can be reduced by using or mixing in a copolymer material of especially low viscosity, or by usin~ another type of vulcanization material. It is also possible to produce the upper and the under layers of identical rubber-elastic materials ~the conductive additives and/or amounts thereof will be different~, if the upper layer is vulcanized and synchronous softening during pressing together of the upper layer with the lower layer is hindered thereby.
Because of the electrically isolating layer forming the bottom of the table or floor covering according to the invention, the discharge resistance can be adjusted to a precise value entirely independently of the resistances of the table or floor. This is accomplished by means of a variable resistance element arranged in the metal].ic conductor, which connects the under layer with the ground wire. Subsequent adjustments can be carried out by unskilled help, if necessary, and can also be achieved automatically if the variQble resistance element is connected to Q self-activQting control device - such systems being commercially available.
The advantages realized by the table or floor covering according to this invention are mostly due to the fact that the electrical resistance can be adjusted to any desired value by activating the variable resistance element ~2:5~
with raspect to the requirements of each individual case. It is thereby sufficient to have a standardized embodiment of the table or floor covering of the invention for most applications and the storage heretofore required is thereby greatly reduced and the production much simplified. A further sdvantage is due to the fact that the table or floor covering of the invention can be designed to have light colours, which is very desirable if attractively equipped rooms are required.
The invention will now be described further by reference to the following example.
EXAMPLE _ A rubber mixture A (see below) is homogenised in an internal mixer. The mixture is then passed to a calender and rolled out to a sheet 0.5 to 1.0 mm thick. The sheet is rolled and subsequently passed to a strip calender in which it is prevulcanized at a surface temperature of 180 deg. C at a throughput rate of 80 m/h for a period of approximately 3 minutes.
The components listed as mixture I below are introduced to the mixer and after homogenisation has been completed, the mixture is rolled out to form a sheet 1.5 to 2.0 mm thick.
A portion of the sheet of composition A is provided with perforations which penetrate it completely, in a roll punch. These perforations are cylindrical and are 1.8 mm in diameter and are arranged 20 mm apart in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The perforations as a whole form a mosaic that is reminiscent of a tile pattern. In the sense of the present invention, this sheet constitutes the upper layer. It is inherently strong to the point that it can be handled without any danger of damage or tearing the pattern formed by the perforations.
The sheet produced from the mixture according to Mixture I is then taken and covered on its upper side with the perforated upper layer and on its underside with the unperforated remaining portion of the sheet of mixture A.
The three-layered laminate so obtained is then transferred to a heated calender. The upper layer with the blanks is directed to the polished calender roller; at a surface temperature of 180 C, this has a running speed of 36 m/h, which corresponds to a residence time of 6 minutes for the triple-layered construction. During this period, the three layers are vulcanized and inseparably joined together. The surface i5 characterized by a ~:5~
full, continuous vulcani~ation skin whose colour pattern is broken only by the material of the under l~yer pressed into the blanks.
A similar result may be obtained i instead of the polished calender roller, a roller is used having a waffle or leather-like surface. Other suitable pressing tools may also be used.
The under layer is then connected to a metallic conductor having a variable resistance, whereby the discharge resistance can be varied from 5 x 10 to 5 x 10 Ohms.
MIXTURE A MIXTURE I
SBR-rubber 15 10ll . 8 %
High styrol resin (6570 block-styrol~ 2.4 %O 5.6 %
Kaolin 60.0 % qO
Carbon black 61.5 %
Chalk 8.5 qO 14.9 %
Softener 1.7 % 3.35 qO
TiO2 2.5 7O
Lithopone 6.7 %
ZnO 0.7 % 0.7 %
Stearic acid 0.35 qO 0.35 %
Triethanolamine 0.35 %
Paraffin 0.35 % 0.35 7O
Anti-aging agent 0.2 % 0.2 %
2-Mercaptobenzothiazol0.2 % 0.2 qO
Dibenzothiazyldisulfide0.2 qO 0.2 %
Sulfur 0.85 qO 0.85 %
100.00 7O 100.00 %
Figures given in percent, relative to the total weight of the mi~ture.
_ 5 _
Dibenzothiazyldisulfide0.2 qO 0.2 %
Sulfur 0.85 qO 0.85 %
100.00 7O 100.00 %
Figures given in percent, relative to the total weight of the mi~ture.
_ 5 _
Claims (6)
IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Electrically conductive table or floor covering, comprising an under layer of electrically conductive rubber or plastic connected by a metallic conductor to a ground wire, and an upper layer located on top of the under layer, said upper layer having a higher electrical resistance than said under layer, and said under layer having projections extending therefrom in closely adjacent surface regions, said projections completely penetrating said upper layer to the surface thereof, said under layer being covered on its surface opposite said upper layer with an isolating layer of relatively high electrical resistance, and said metallic conductor having adjustably variable resistance.
2. A covering according to claim 1, wherein said layers are inseparably joined.
3. A covering according to claim 1, wherein said layers are covered around their edges with a non-conductive border.
4. A covering according to claim 3, in that said border is bonded to said layers.
5. A covering according to claim 1 wherein said layers consist of rubber.
6. A covering according to claim 1, wherein said resistance is self-regulating.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3440572.0 | 1984-11-07 | ||
| DE19843440572 DE3440572A1 (en) | 1984-11-07 | 1984-11-07 | ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE TABLE OR FLOORING |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1252148A true CA1252148A (en) | 1989-04-04 |
Family
ID=6249658
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000485978A Expired CA1252148A (en) | 1984-11-07 | 1985-06-28 | Electrically conductive table or floor covering |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0181426B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61113963A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900000506B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE40913T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1252148A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3440572A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK136585A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES286566Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI851372L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19948406A1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-26 | Dlw Ag | Linoleum flooring |
| DE20100843U1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-01-24 | Witex Ag | Anti-static flooring |
| DE10112246C1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-08-08 | Freudenberg Carl Kg | Flooring |
| DE10156635B4 (en) | 2001-11-17 | 2007-03-01 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Table or workbench covering, method of manufacture and use |
| KR101720347B1 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2017-03-27 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Adaptive multi redundant ring topology system and Method for selecting the detour |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5265892A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1977-05-31 | Shinetsu Polymer Co | Nonnisotropic conductiveesheet type composite materials and method of manufacture thereof |
| AT364136B (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1981-09-25 | Semperit Ag | DOUBLE-LAYER PLASTIC FLOORING |
| DE3237633C2 (en) * | 1982-10-11 | 1985-04-11 | Freudenberg, Carl, 6940 Weinheim | Process for the production of an elastic and electrically conductive floor covering |
-
1984
- 1984-11-07 DE DE19843440572 patent/DE3440572A1/en active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-03-14 DE DE8585102944T patent/DE3568365D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-14 EP EP85102944A patent/EP0181426B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-14 AT AT85102944T patent/ATE40913T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-03-26 DK DK136585A patent/DK136585A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-04-04 FI FI851372A patent/FI851372L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-05-07 ES ES1985286566U patent/ES286566Y/en not_active Expired
- 1985-06-28 CA CA000485978A patent/CA1252148A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-23 JP JP60237166A patent/JPS61113963A/en active Pending
- 1985-11-05 KR KR1019850008231A patent/KR900000506B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES286566Y (en) | 1987-07-16 |
| DK136585A (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| DE3440572A1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| KR860004564A (en) | 1986-06-23 |
| ES286566U (en) | 1986-11-16 |
| ATE40913T1 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
| EP0181426B1 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
| DK136585D0 (en) | 1985-03-26 |
| JPS61113963A (en) | 1986-05-31 |
| FI851372L (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| DE3568365D1 (en) | 1989-03-30 |
| EP0181426A3 (en) | 1987-05-13 |
| KR900000506B1 (en) | 1990-01-31 |
| EP0181426A2 (en) | 1986-05-21 |
| DE3440572C2 (en) | 1987-02-26 |
| FI851372A0 (en) | 1985-04-04 |
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