CA1249219A - Servicing device for oil well rod pumps - Google Patents
Servicing device for oil well rod pumpsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1249219A CA1249219A CA000563380A CA563380A CA1249219A CA 1249219 A CA1249219 A CA 1249219A CA 000563380 A CA000563380 A CA 000563380A CA 563380 A CA563380 A CA 563380A CA 1249219 A CA1249219 A CA 1249219A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- sleeve
- polish rod
- polish
- pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
- F04B47/02—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
- F04B47/026—Pull rods, full rod component parts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a device for use in servicing an oil well rod pump.
The pump has a rod string with a rod clamp secured thereto above the polish rod. The device comprises an elongated, weight-supporting polish rod-receiving cylindrical sleeve. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A slot in the side of the sleeve extends along its length. The width of the slot is slightly greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A flange extends outwardly from each side of the slot. Releasable securing means extend between the flanges to secure the sleeve in position about the polish rod. The sleeve is to receive, resting thereon when in position about the polish rod, the rod clamp to permit servicing work on the pump above the rod clamp. In using the device according to the present invention, it is no longer necessary to unclamp and reposition the lower rod clamp on the polish rod, and then reposition it after servicing of the pump equipment. Scarring of the working part of the polish rod due to clamping is avoided. At the same time, the task of readying an oil well pump for servicing is greatly simplified and the time for so doing is greatly reduced.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a device for use in servicing an oil well rod pump.
The pump has a rod string with a rod clamp secured thereto above the polish rod. The device comprises an elongated, weight-supporting polish rod-receiving cylindrical sleeve. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A slot in the side of the sleeve extends along its length. The width of the slot is slightly greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A flange extends outwardly from each side of the slot. Releasable securing means extend between the flanges to secure the sleeve in position about the polish rod. The sleeve is to receive, resting thereon when in position about the polish rod, the rod clamp to permit servicing work on the pump above the rod clamp. In using the device according to the present invention, it is no longer necessary to unclamp and reposition the lower rod clamp on the polish rod, and then reposition it after servicing of the pump equipment. Scarring of the working part of the polish rod due to clamping is avoided. At the same time, the task of readying an oil well pump for servicing is greatly simplified and the time for so doing is greatly reduced.
Description
~$"~
BACK~ROU~D OF THE INNENTION
The present invention relates to a device to facilitate the servicing of oil well rod pumps.
~ conventional oil well pump used in pumping oil Erom an operating well consists primarily of a horizontal main beam or shaft which pivots in the cen-ter (like a teeter totter) with one end of the main beam being driven up and down by a motor.
The other end of the main beam, or "head", has attached to it a steel rod known as a "polish rod" which is moved up and down in the valve mechanism of the oil well by the head of the main beam moving -through an arc of approximately lO feet on each recipLocation of the main beam.
~t its lower end, the polish rod is restrained from movin~ too deeply into the well head by a collar-type clamp.
A-t its upper end, the polish rod is attached to the head of the main beam by a hinged, U-shaped bridle and by a second clamp.
The bridle allows the polish rod to constantly remain in a vertical position while it is moved up and down in the oil well valve mechanism.
In order to service the bridle, rod or motor powering the beam, it is essential that the weight of the rod string be supported. Conventionally, it is supported by moving -the clamps on the bridle and -the lower end of the polish rod so that the lower clamp ultimately rests on the oil well valve, thereby supporting the entire weight of the rod strin~. This creates problems since the surface oE the polish rod must be kept extremely smooth because of the manufacturing -tolerances between the eolish rod and the oil well valve through which it reciprocates. The movement of the clamps and the necessity of securing them tightly against this smooth, lubricated surface of ths polish Lod in order to bear the entire weight of the rod string inevitably causes scarring and deformation of the polish rod surface. This action in turn rapidly damages the oil well valve mechanism and its packing, requiring frequent replacement thereof. An additional problem with using such clamps to hold the weigbt of the rod string of the oil well pump is that the clamps may slip, allowing -the polish rod to fall into the oil well valve mechanism, causing both damage to the oil well valve mechanism and a substantial safety problem for servicing personnel.
Canadian Patent No. gO0,843 of Lodynski issued May 23, 197Z, of general background interest, describes and illustrates an hydraulic cylinder apparatus which is attached to the polish rod of an oil well pump to permit controlled movement of that rod and assist in setting the suspension means of a deep well pump ins-tallation during operation. Canadian Patent No.
530,257 describes and illustra-tes a polish rod clamp and Canadian Patent No. 995,131 describes and illustrates a cable device to remove parts from a polish rod.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device which may be used in servicing such an oil well pump ulrem~lt. ~ undoin~ and relocating clamps on the polish rod to permit servicing to take place.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a device Eor use in servicing an oil well rod pump.
The pump has a rod string with a rod clamp secured thereto above the polish rod. The device compr;ses an elongated, weight-supporting polish rod-receiving cylindrical sleeve. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A slot in the side o~ the sleeve extends along its length. The width of the slot is slightly greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A ~lange e~tends outwardly from each side o~ the slot. Releasable securing means extend between the flanges to secuee the sleeve in position about the polish rod. The sleeve is to receive. resting thereon when in position about the polish rod, the rod clamp to permit servicing work on equipmen-t such as -the bridle, main shaft, head or motor, above the rod clamp.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a cap, which is provided at the end of each sleeve, has a central circular rod-receiving hole and, communicating therewith, a rod-receiving slot coincident wi-th that of the sleeve.
It ~ill be unders-tood tha~, in using a device in accordance with the preserlt invention, the various rod clamps J ~r~
do no-t need -to be moved to service the various par~s of the equipment, thereby avoiding the type of damage to the polish rod which had occurred previously, when moving the rod clamps to service the equipment. The use of the device according to the present invention also forestalls the possibility of the polish rod and the valves to which it is attached being droeped into the inground portion of the oil well as would occur for example if both rod clamps were to slip while being moved.
Because use of the device according to the present invention 10 minimizes scarring of polish rods, i-t leads to decreased stuffing box eacking wear. There is also a substantial saving of time in the servicing of each well, which allows ~he well ~o be back in production quickly, in using the device according to the present invention.
~RIEF D~SCRIPTION OF TH~ DRAWINGS
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon referring -to the drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a device in accordance with the presen-t invention; and F'IGURE 2 is a schematic elevation view of the head portion of an oil well rod pump, to a portion of which the device of FIGURE 1 has been fitted, to illustrate -the manner of use of that device.
While the invention will be described in conjunction with an example embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to such embodimen-t. On -the con-trary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the drawings similar features have been given similar reference numerals.
Turnin~ to the drawings, there is illustrated in FIG~RE 1 a rod saver device 2 in accordance with the present invention, the device comprising a sleeve 4 adap-ted to carry fairly significant weights. The sleeve is of elongated, cylindrical construction and has an inner diameter which is greater than the diameteL of the ~olish rod 6 (FIGURE 2) about which it is to fit. An elongated slot 8 extends along the length of sleeve 4 in its side, the width of the slot being slightly greater than the diameter oE polish rod 6. A pair of confronting flanges lO extend outwardly, as illustrated, from each side of slot 8. Pins 12 are releasably securable, as 4 ~
illustLated, through aligned holes 14 in flanges 10 -to hold device 2 in position on eolish rod 6 when in use.
To the ends of sleeve ~ are secured end caps 16, each of the caps having a central circular, polish ro-l-receiving hole 18 and a slot 20 communicating therewith, slot 20 having a width similar to that of slot ~ and being aligned therewith.
In this manner, device 2 can be pushed into place around polish rod 6 and secured by pins 12.
As seen in FIGURE 2, rod string 22, of which polish 10 rod 6 is a portion, is suspended from and driven by the head 24 at the f ront of main beam 26 of the oil well pump. This is accomplished by means of carrier bar 28, secured to head 24 by means oE rods 30. The weight of rod s-tring 22 is on carrier bar 28. Upper rod clamp 32 and lower rod clamp 34 secure rod 15 string 22 to carrier bar 28 and prevent the possibility of polish rod 6 being dropped into the inground portion of an oil well when secured in eosition. Rod string 22, at polish rod portion 6, extends into the oil well through stuffing box 36.
~s previously in~icated, -to service oil well pump 20 equipment located above lower rod clamp 34, lower rod clamp 34 previously had to be undone and moved down -the polish rod to a position immediately above stuffing box 36 where it would be resecured. The Lod string 22 would then be lowered until this clamp 34 was resting on stuffing box 36 and service work above 25 clamp 34 then carried out. When the service work was f ~
eompleted, lower rod clamp 34 would -~hen be reeosi-tioned at its original position.
When a device 2 is used in aceordance with the present invention, polish rod 6 is inserted into sleeve 4 between clamp 3~ and stuffing box 36. Rod string 22 is then lowered until clamp 34 rests on the ueper cap 16 of sleeve 4. In this manner, the rod string weight iB on device 2. Servicing may then be carried on above clamp 34 in the usual manner. ~s well, as ereviously stated, use of the deviee aecording to the eresent invention has significantly reduced stuffing box paeking wear which previously oceurred because of scarred polish rods.
Because, in using the device according to the present invention, it is no longer necessary to unclamp and reposition lower rod clamp 34 on polish rod 6, and then reposi~ion it after servicing of the pume equipment, scarring of the working part o~ eolish rod 6 due to clameing is avoided. ~s well, where the rod string 22 must be unelameed so that it is no longer sueported by carrier bar 28, since lower rod clamp 34 remains clamped in position, the likelihood of clamp 34 slipping to allow the eolish rod 6 to fall into the oil well valve mechanism is significantly reduced. ~-t the same time, the task of readying an oil well pump for servicing is greatly simplified and the time for so doing is greatly ~educed.
Thus it is apparent that there has been erovided in accordance with the invention a servicing device for oil well rod eumps that fully satisfies the objects, aims and advan-tages set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modiEications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the ar-t in light of the Eoregoing descLiption. Acco~dingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the invention.
BACK~ROU~D OF THE INNENTION
The present invention relates to a device to facilitate the servicing of oil well rod pumps.
~ conventional oil well pump used in pumping oil Erom an operating well consists primarily of a horizontal main beam or shaft which pivots in the cen-ter (like a teeter totter) with one end of the main beam being driven up and down by a motor.
The other end of the main beam, or "head", has attached to it a steel rod known as a "polish rod" which is moved up and down in the valve mechanism of the oil well by the head of the main beam moving -through an arc of approximately lO feet on each recipLocation of the main beam.
~t its lower end, the polish rod is restrained from movin~ too deeply into the well head by a collar-type clamp.
A-t its upper end, the polish rod is attached to the head of the main beam by a hinged, U-shaped bridle and by a second clamp.
The bridle allows the polish rod to constantly remain in a vertical position while it is moved up and down in the oil well valve mechanism.
In order to service the bridle, rod or motor powering the beam, it is essential that the weight of the rod string be supported. Conventionally, it is supported by moving -the clamps on the bridle and -the lower end of the polish rod so that the lower clamp ultimately rests on the oil well valve, thereby supporting the entire weight of the rod strin~. This creates problems since the surface oE the polish rod must be kept extremely smooth because of the manufacturing -tolerances between the eolish rod and the oil well valve through which it reciprocates. The movement of the clamps and the necessity of securing them tightly against this smooth, lubricated surface of ths polish Lod in order to bear the entire weight of the rod string inevitably causes scarring and deformation of the polish rod surface. This action in turn rapidly damages the oil well valve mechanism and its packing, requiring frequent replacement thereof. An additional problem with using such clamps to hold the weigbt of the rod string of the oil well pump is that the clamps may slip, allowing -the polish rod to fall into the oil well valve mechanism, causing both damage to the oil well valve mechanism and a substantial safety problem for servicing personnel.
Canadian Patent No. gO0,843 of Lodynski issued May 23, 197Z, of general background interest, describes and illustrates an hydraulic cylinder apparatus which is attached to the polish rod of an oil well pump to permit controlled movement of that rod and assist in setting the suspension means of a deep well pump ins-tallation during operation. Canadian Patent No.
530,257 describes and illustra-tes a polish rod clamp and Canadian Patent No. 995,131 describes and illustrates a cable device to remove parts from a polish rod.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device which may be used in servicing such an oil well pump ulrem~lt. ~ undoin~ and relocating clamps on the polish rod to permit servicing to take place.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a device Eor use in servicing an oil well rod pump.
The pump has a rod string with a rod clamp secured thereto above the polish rod. The device compr;ses an elongated, weight-supporting polish rod-receiving cylindrical sleeve. The inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A slot in the side o~ the sleeve extends along its length. The width of the slot is slightly greater than the diameter of the polish rod. A ~lange e~tends outwardly from each side o~ the slot. Releasable securing means extend between the flanges to secuee the sleeve in position about the polish rod. The sleeve is to receive. resting thereon when in position about the polish rod, the rod clamp to permit servicing work on equipmen-t such as -the bridle, main shaft, head or motor, above the rod clamp.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a cap, which is provided at the end of each sleeve, has a central circular rod-receiving hole and, communicating therewith, a rod-receiving slot coincident wi-th that of the sleeve.
It ~ill be unders-tood tha~, in using a device in accordance with the preserlt invention, the various rod clamps J ~r~
do no-t need -to be moved to service the various par~s of the equipment, thereby avoiding the type of damage to the polish rod which had occurred previously, when moving the rod clamps to service the equipment. The use of the device according to the present invention also forestalls the possibility of the polish rod and the valves to which it is attached being droeped into the inground portion of the oil well as would occur for example if both rod clamps were to slip while being moved.
Because use of the device according to the present invention 10 minimizes scarring of polish rods, i-t leads to decreased stuffing box eacking wear. There is also a substantial saving of time in the servicing of each well, which allows ~he well ~o be back in production quickly, in using the device according to the present invention.
~RIEF D~SCRIPTION OF TH~ DRAWINGS
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon referring -to the drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a device in accordance with the presen-t invention; and F'IGURE 2 is a schematic elevation view of the head portion of an oil well rod pump, to a portion of which the device of FIGURE 1 has been fitted, to illustrate -the manner of use of that device.
While the invention will be described in conjunction with an example embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to such embodimen-t. On -the con-trary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the drawings similar features have been given similar reference numerals.
Turnin~ to the drawings, there is illustrated in FIG~RE 1 a rod saver device 2 in accordance with the present invention, the device comprising a sleeve 4 adap-ted to carry fairly significant weights. The sleeve is of elongated, cylindrical construction and has an inner diameter which is greater than the diameteL of the ~olish rod 6 (FIGURE 2) about which it is to fit. An elongated slot 8 extends along the length of sleeve 4 in its side, the width of the slot being slightly greater than the diameter oE polish rod 6. A pair of confronting flanges lO extend outwardly, as illustrated, from each side of slot 8. Pins 12 are releasably securable, as 4 ~
illustLated, through aligned holes 14 in flanges 10 -to hold device 2 in position on eolish rod 6 when in use.
To the ends of sleeve ~ are secured end caps 16, each of the caps having a central circular, polish ro-l-receiving hole 18 and a slot 20 communicating therewith, slot 20 having a width similar to that of slot ~ and being aligned therewith.
In this manner, device 2 can be pushed into place around polish rod 6 and secured by pins 12.
As seen in FIGURE 2, rod string 22, of which polish 10 rod 6 is a portion, is suspended from and driven by the head 24 at the f ront of main beam 26 of the oil well pump. This is accomplished by means of carrier bar 28, secured to head 24 by means oE rods 30. The weight of rod s-tring 22 is on carrier bar 28. Upper rod clamp 32 and lower rod clamp 34 secure rod 15 string 22 to carrier bar 28 and prevent the possibility of polish rod 6 being dropped into the inground portion of an oil well when secured in eosition. Rod string 22, at polish rod portion 6, extends into the oil well through stuffing box 36.
~s previously in~icated, -to service oil well pump 20 equipment located above lower rod clamp 34, lower rod clamp 34 previously had to be undone and moved down -the polish rod to a position immediately above stuffing box 36 where it would be resecured. The Lod string 22 would then be lowered until this clamp 34 was resting on stuffing box 36 and service work above 25 clamp 34 then carried out. When the service work was f ~
eompleted, lower rod clamp 34 would -~hen be reeosi-tioned at its original position.
When a device 2 is used in aceordance with the present invention, polish rod 6 is inserted into sleeve 4 between clamp 3~ and stuffing box 36. Rod string 22 is then lowered until clamp 34 rests on the ueper cap 16 of sleeve 4. In this manner, the rod string weight iB on device 2. Servicing may then be carried on above clamp 34 in the usual manner. ~s well, as ereviously stated, use of the deviee aecording to the eresent invention has significantly reduced stuffing box paeking wear which previously oceurred because of scarred polish rods.
Because, in using the device according to the present invention, it is no longer necessary to unclamp and reposition lower rod clamp 34 on polish rod 6, and then reposi~ion it after servicing of the pume equipment, scarring of the working part o~ eolish rod 6 due to clameing is avoided. ~s well, where the rod string 22 must be unelameed so that it is no longer sueported by carrier bar 28, since lower rod clamp 34 remains clamped in position, the likelihood of clamp 34 slipping to allow the eolish rod 6 to fall into the oil well valve mechanism is significantly reduced. ~-t the same time, the task of readying an oil well pump for servicing is greatly simplified and the time for so doing is greatly ~educed.
Thus it is apparent that there has been erovided in accordance with the invention a servicing device for oil well rod eumps that fully satisfies the objects, aims and advan-tages set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modiEications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the ar-t in light of the Eoregoing descLiption. Acco~dingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for use in servicing an oil well rod pump, the pump having a rod string with a rod clamp secured thereto above the polish rod, the device comprising an elongated.
weight supporting, polish rod-receiving cylindrical sleeve, the inner diameter of the sleeve being greater than the diameter of the polish rod, a slot in the side of the sleeve extending along its length, the width of the slot being slightly greater than the diameter of the polish rod, a flange extending outwardly from each side of the slot, and releasable securing means when in position extending between the flanges to secure the sleeve in position about the polish rod, the sleeve to receive, resting thereon when in position about the polish rod, the rod clamp to permit service work on the pump above the rod clamp.
weight supporting, polish rod-receiving cylindrical sleeve, the inner diameter of the sleeve being greater than the diameter of the polish rod, a slot in the side of the sleeve extending along its length, the width of the slot being slightly greater than the diameter of the polish rod, a flange extending outwardly from each side of the slot, and releasable securing means when in position extending between the flanges to secure the sleeve in position about the polish rod, the sleeve to receive, resting thereon when in position about the polish rod, the rod clamp to permit service work on the pump above the rod clamp.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein each end of the sleeve is provided with a cap, each cap having a central circular rod-receiving hole and, communicating therewith, a rod-receiving slot coincident with that of the sleeve.
3. A device according to claim 1 wherein the securing means comprises pins releasably securable to extend between the flanges through aligned holes therein.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000563380A CA1249219A (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Servicing device for oil well rod pumps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000563380A CA1249219A (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Servicing device for oil well rod pumps |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1249219A true CA1249219A (en) | 1989-01-24 |
Family
ID=4137779
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000563380A Expired CA1249219A (en) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-04-06 | Servicing device for oil well rod pumps |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1249219A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016165020A1 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-20 | 1904296 Alberta Ltd. | Tool and method for use in supporting a sucker rod string in an oil or gas well |
-
1988
- 1988-04-06 CA CA000563380A patent/CA1249219A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016165020A1 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-20 | 1904296 Alberta Ltd. | Tool and method for use in supporting a sucker rod string in an oil or gas well |
| US10138689B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2018-11-27 | 1904296 Alberta Ltd. | Tool and method for use in supporting a sucker rod string in an oil or gas well |
| US10907422B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2021-02-02 | 1904296 Alberta Ltd. | Tool and method for use in supporting a sucker rod string in an oil or gas well |
| US11674360B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2023-06-13 | 1904296 Alberta Ltd. | Tool and method for use in supporting a sucker rod string in an oil or gas well |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |