CA1247382A - Wave generating apparatus - Google Patents
Wave generating apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1247382A CA1247382A CA000476134A CA476134A CA1247382A CA 1247382 A CA1247382 A CA 1247382A CA 000476134 A CA000476134 A CA 000476134A CA 476134 A CA476134 A CA 476134A CA 1247382 A CA1247382 A CA 1247382A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- paddle
- water
- paddle blade
- wave
- blade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
- E04H4/0006—Devices for producing waves in swimming pools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/02—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor from ice otherwise than according to E02B1/003
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A machine for making (gravity) waves on the free surface of a body of water comprises a platform for machinery having a deck level which is raised above the surface of the water, driving machinery located on the platform for generating reciprocating hoist action, a weighted paddle blade suspended below the surface of the water in a horizontal attitude alongside the machinery platform, suspension means extending from the driving machinery to the weighted paddle blade for imparting ver-tical oscillations to the paddle blade while maintaining the generally horizontal attitude of the paddle blade.
A machine for making (gravity) waves on the free surface of a body of water comprises a platform for machinery having a deck level which is raised above the surface of the water, driving machinery located on the platform for generating reciprocating hoist action, a weighted paddle blade suspended below the surface of the water in a horizontal attitude alongside the machinery platform, suspension means extending from the driving machinery to the weighted paddle blade for imparting ver-tical oscillations to the paddle blade while maintaining the generally horizontal attitude of the paddle blade.
Description
~621~1 This invention relate~ to wave generating mach~nes.
The usefullne~s of machine gener~ted wave a~tioD for ice management in har~ours and waterway~ was di~clo~ed in my U~S. patent NoO 3,4779233.
~he above patent, as well as U.B. patent ~o. 4,201j496 deal~ with wave making machinery which would be afloat during ~ave making operation~ and there-fore would readily adjust to water level changes caused by tide and wind piling.
The present invention deals with wave making machines that need not be water borne to perform during water lev~l changes but will nontheless perform ~a~isfac-torily ~ithin a fair range of ~ater levels.
The invention provides wave making apparatus for deployment adjacent a body of water and for generating wave motions in the body of water, comprising shore~mounted means for generating a vertical recipro-cating motion above the body o~ water; horizontal paddle mean~ for deployment in the body of water adjacent ~he generating means; and means $or suspending the paddle means from the generating means, whereby operation of the generating means ~auses vertical travel of the paddle means to generate wave motion.
The ~nvention will be more clearly understood ~fter reference to the following d~t~iled spec~fica~ion read ln con~unction wi~h ~he drawing wherein:
~ igure 1 i8 a perspec~ive vlew of a harbour environment ~howing installation~ of waYe making machines accoxding to the invention;
Figure 2 iB a perspectiv2 view of two identical wave making machines, according to a first embodimen of the invention, in use;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the motions carried out by a wave makin~ plunging device according to the invention and of the generated ~urface and sub-surfPce particle motions;
Figure 4 is a perspectiYe Yiew of a wave making machine according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a wave making machine according to a further embodiment of the invention; and Figure 6 is a perspective view oiE a wave making machine according to a ~till furth4r embodiment of the invention installed at the head of a ferry slip.
In respect to the drawings certain reference numerals will apply in general as follows:
The numeral 10 refers to a wave making machine constructed in accordance with the invention.
3 ~
~be aumeral 11 refers to a plunging devi~e encompas~ing the portion~ of the wave machine wh~ch ex~rude below wa~er level.
The numer~l 12 refers to the driving ma~hinery of the wave making machine in general~
The numeral 13 reers to upper ~uspension means for the plunging device.
The numeral 14 refers to the platfo~m ~tructure required for supporting the driving machinery.
The numeral 15 refers to a back board structure required for generation of one-directional wave dction.
Furthermore like numerals hav~ been used throughout the description for like parts.
Referring now to Figure 1 showing a harbour with typical harbour features, the installation of wave machines 10 according to the invention at the head of a car ferry slip 101 behind the leading edge of the transfer bridge 104 will make i~ possible to generate a wave train extPnding from the head of the slip ~eawards, thereby preventing ice buildup in the slip and allowing accurate berthing of ferry ships to take place in the slip .
Similarly the installation of wave machines 10 at the head of a harbour basin 102 will make it possible to control ice conditions in the harbour basinL The installation of wave machines 10 at a harbour location ~ 3 ~2 103 not in ~he road~ c~n be useful in controlllng Lce cond~ions in cert~in harbour areas, for example ~he har-bour ex~rance axea ~f covered by the generated wave train.
Figure 2 shows two identical wave Machines.
Each machine 10 has a plunglng device 11 and driving machinery 12~ upper ~uspension means 139 platform struc-ture 14 and backboard ~tructure ~5.
~he plunging device 11 comprises a paddle blade ~s~embly 20 made up of a blade plate 21 and a supporting blade tru~s 22.
The paddle blade assembly 20 is supported by an upper blade stem 24. ~he upper blade stem is fixed rela-tive to the paddle blade by being bolted to the blade truss 22. ~allast 26 is secured to the ballast support beam 27 attached to the lower end of the lower blade stem 25 so that the ballast will be located below the paddle - blade~ The upper blade stem is capped by a ~arrier bracket 28. A lifting bolt 29 has also been attached to the upper end of the blade stem to serve during the installation of the wave machine. To protect the paddle blade during wave making operations and to retain its.
lateral orienta~ion the paddle blade assembly is equipped with wing bumpers 23 facing the back board structure lS.
The driving machinery 12 is a beam unit mounted on a base plate 33 and includes a reciprocating drive ~2~ 32 mechanism 30, ~am~on post 34 with centre bearlng 35, walk~ng beam 31 wi~h counter weight 32 ~nd hor~e head ~2 The rec~proca~ing driv~ mechani~m 30 comprises a prime mover 36, drive belt 37, double reduction gear 38, cxank 39 and connecting rods with cro~s beam 40 and cro~s bea~ bearing 41 which conveys seasaw motion ~o the walking beam.
The upper suspension means 13 compr~es a wire-line sling 44 ~xtending from the horsehead ~2 of the driving machinery to a pin 45 attached to the carrier bar 28 of the plunging device. A bracket 43 attached to the horsehead guards the wire line sling 44 against misalign- ¦
ment~
The platform structure 14 comprises pilings 51 and a pile cap which forms the deck of the platform.
The back board structure lS comprises a back board 52 supported by verti~al piling 54 and horizontal brace members 53. Rubbing plates 55 aligned with the wing bumpers 23 is attached to the back board.
When the prime mover is operating, the driving machinery will produce a pumping action causing vertical reciprocating motion of the plunging device and the resulting perpendicular oscillation of the paddle blade will generate wave action. Whereas the upstroke of the plunging device is powered the force for the downstroke is delivered by the plunger's own weight plus the ballast weight ~nd i~ i~ characteriatic or the invention that the ~usperlsion mean~" here including a ~ire 1 ine sling, will remain in tension at all time~.
~or ef f icient wave generation ~nd power u~e it is i~:nportant that ~che balla~t 18 large enough to effec'c a r~p~d down stroke and that the total weight o the plunging device including the ballast i~ balanced by the counterweight 32.
The location of the balla t 26 well below ~he paddle blade tends to reduce un~esirable pendulum motion of the plunging device by lowering it a S centre of gravity and reduced water particle motion at depth allows the ballast body to act as a stabilizing vane With several wave machines operating ~ide by side in close proximity adjacent plungers having motions not in phase with each other would receive uneven drag forces and superimposea erratic motions. By installing partition structures 56 as back board projec~ions between plungers, mutual interference between plungers can be avoided. In the arrangement ~hown on Figure 2 a cutaway portion of a partition structure 56 has been shown to include a brace member 58~ j Figure 3 show~ in perpendicular section the relative position of a plunging device 11, the back board structure 15 and the free ~urface 60 of a water body on which waves are to be generated.
3~ 3 During wave ma~ing operations the plunging device 11 w~ arry out vertical oscilla~ion~ whereby the hori~ontal paddle blade w~ll oscillate between a lower position 61 ~nd an upper position 62 and generate wave action travelling ~n direction 65~ as al80 ~hown in Figure 3 by consecutive wave profiles 63 and 64 roughly corresponding ~o paddle blade positions 61 and 62 respec-tively.
It i~ generally known that wave action will produce oscillatory particle motion in the water and 66 points to a ~escriptive approximation often depicted in text books showing orbital particle motions; however, actual particle traces 67 show progressive motion of water in the direction of wave travel and it will be found that the steeper the waves, the more expre~s and thorough will be the upper layer water transportation u~ually called mass transpor~. ¦
In addition the apparatus will provide mixing of upper water layers due to differential particle velo-cities with depth and it will be understood that machinegenerated wave action can provide long distance transpor-tation of floating matter and effect surface mixing over very large areas.
In Figure 3 ~he various dimen~ions and data pertaining to or affecting wave generation have been denoted by letters as follows:
'~ Z 47 38 d ~ water depth 1 ~ depth of b~ck ~oard f ~ width of paddle blade 1 ~ length of paddle blade b e depth of plunger below paddle blade ballaxt clearance ~ - stroke length T ~ wave period ~ - crank period) L G wave length H = wave height W = total weight of plunging device For a wave making machine having an elongated paddle blade of uniform width of meters and length 1 meter~ and being part of a plunging device with a total weight of W metric tons the generation of ~teep waves will occur if approximately W = 0.5 lf2, s = O.S f and T ~ 1.7 f~-5 seconds. The generated wave action will appro~imately have L = 407 f, ~ = 0.5 f and represent a wave energy of = 0.5 f2-5 1 horsepower, but the prime mover of the wave making machiDe should be capable of energy output in suitable excess of the generated wave energy.
Both the dimensions i and a will be variable~
in most case~. For efficient wave generation preferably i should not fall be~ow a valu~ of 2 f and d Ib+c~ not be less than 0. 25 f .
Referr~ng now to ~igure 4 a ~ave making mach~ne 10 present~ng an alternative embodiment of the inven~on h~s a platform ~tructure 14, bac~ board 3tructure 15, drlv~ng machlnery 12 ~nd plunging dev~ce 11. ~he plunging device 11 has an upper blade ~tem 24 and a paddle blade assembly 20 including paddle blade 21, blade BUp~
port bea~ 72 and ribs 73, ~nd a lower blade s~em 25 8Up-porting ballast 26 below the paddle blade. Diagonal brackets 74 complete the paddle blade a~sembly. The suspension means connecting the driving machinery and the plunging device here consist of a universal joint 71.
By this arrangement the motion imparted at the top of the blade stem duriDg operations will only be approximately rectilinear. The lateral orientation of the elongation of the paddle blade is ensured by wing bumpers 23.
The back board structure 15 consists of a back board 68 and a baffle board 69 held together by brace members 77. The back board structure has been suspended from the platform structure by means of wire rope slings 76 extending from bollards 75 on the platform deck to the top of the brace members 77 of the back board. During wave making operations, the general stability of the back board will depend on the hinged support exerted by the platform ~tructure at the top of the brace members 77 and on the resistance to perpendicular motion exerted by the _g_ weight ~nd l~teral expan~e of ~he baffle board 69.
~ igure 5 ~how a wave mak$ng machine 10 pre-~enting ~ further ~lterna iYe embodiment of the lnYen ~ion b ~he machine compri~iDg pla~for~ ~tructure 14, back board structure 15~ driving machinery 12 and plung~ng dev~ce 11. ~he driving machinery 12 comprises two iden-tical beam unit~ mounted side by ~de and unified by coupling structures 78 and 79 rigidly connecting amson poæts 34 and parallel walking beams 31 respectively. A
single reciprocating drive mechanism 30 will opera~e the parallel walking beams by means of a central driving beam 80. ~he plunging device 11 here coin~iding with the paddle blade assembly 20 consi~t~ of upper and lower blade plates 84 and 85, blade support beams 86 and ribs 87, ballast support structures 88 and ballast 26 including ballast containing case 89.
~ he paddle blade suspension means consists 6f two parallel rod hangers 32 attached to the walking beams 31 by universal joints 81 at their upper ends and at their lower ends by hinges 92 on top of the paddle blade assembly 20.
During ~ave making operations the horizontal orientation of the paddle blade elongation parallelling the back board is retained by the double ~uspension ~ystem. The back board 15 here i5 the face of the plat form structure 14.
Figure 6 18 ~ pictor~l v$ew of ~ wave making ~achine according t9 a ~till further embodiment of the inv~ntion installed at the head of a ferry 81ip. The machine compr;se~ platform ~tructure 14, back board ~tructure 1~, driving machinery 12 and plunging device 11.
The driving machlnery 12 is composed of two identical beam units sæaced apart and located on either ide of the transfer bridge pit 99 to operate either end of the paddle blade assembly ~which constitutes the plunging device 11) but having their operatisns synchro nized ~o that they will operate in unison.
The transfer bridge has been omitted from the picture on Figure 6, but its arrangement can be conceived from Figure 1, which shows a ferry slip 101 with a transfer bridge 104, and it will be understood that the roll-sn roll-off traffic will pass over the paddle blade assembly ~and between the beam units).
~he plunging device 11 compri~es ~lade plate 21, blade truss ~2 and two ballast cases 94 suspended from the blade truss by hinged rod hangers 93. The blade plate assembly is protected by end bumpers 95~ The suspension means for the blade plate assembly consists of two identical assemblies suspended from the horse heads 42 of the driving machinery, each consisting of a wire line sling 44, carrier pin 45, carrier bracket 28 and rod h~ngers 91 connected ~o hinge~ 92 on top of the blade pl~te 21 The arrangement o the su~pension ~y~tem allows the driving un~t~ to fall out of ~tep without dolng damage to the plunging device.
The coordina~ion of the two beam uni~ of ~he ~riving machinery can be att~ined by the use of ~ynchro- ¦
nous electric motors and no~ched belt drives for both driving units assumi~g that bo~h mo~ors are powered from the same generator~
In natural waters water level ~hanges will always occur. In inland waters such changes would often fall within the operating range of the wave making machi- I
nery of the invention or may take place over an extended period to allow for infrequent manual adjustments to the equipment~
In tidal waters in~ermittent operation of the wave making machinery within a limited tid~l range, for example coinciding with maximum tidal outflow, might pro-vide the most economical mode of operation.
The various embodiments of the invention pre-~ented in the foregoing have in ~ommon that the driving machinery for generating the vertical reciprocating motion i~ shore mounted. In existing harbours and sites of potential employment of machinery of the invention it would often be possible to incorporate exi~ting struc--12- .
L~ra~ 73~3~?d ture6 to pr~vlde pl~tform ~nd b~ck board ~acllltles for the wave ~aki~g machineryD In other ca~es the machinery ~ust be ~upported ~nd backed by specta11y ~on~truc~ed '~
shore fa~i1itles for examp1e plled p1atform structure~
mounted in the ~ea bed.
In ~11 of the embodiments of the invention a variety of construction material~ ~an be used. The p1at-form structure may include ~ructura1 steel, concrete and timber~ the back board ~ou1d be built of ~tee1, aluminum or timber 9 the driving machinery would generally be made of stee1 and the plunging device made from stee1, stain1ess steel or aluminum. Wing bumpers on the paddle ~f b1ade assembly denoted 23 and 95 on the drawings would consist of nylon cylinders mounted on stee1 shafts and brackets attached o the paddle blade support truss.
The usefu1ness of wave making machinery of the invention for ice management in harbour and waterways ~f have been emphasized in the foregoing but their use- ¦
fulness for other purposes and in other 1Ocations where shore based wave making machinery is desirable must be recognized for Pxamp1e for overcoming stagnation in water reservoirs, for entertainment in swimming poo1s or for ~ave makiny in hydraulic studies etc~
The usefullne~s of machine gener~ted wave a~tioD for ice management in har~ours and waterway~ was di~clo~ed in my U~S. patent NoO 3,4779233.
~he above patent, as well as U.B. patent ~o. 4,201j496 deal~ with wave making machinery which would be afloat during ~ave making operation~ and there-fore would readily adjust to water level changes caused by tide and wind piling.
The present invention deals with wave making machines that need not be water borne to perform during water lev~l changes but will nontheless perform ~a~isfac-torily ~ithin a fair range of ~ater levels.
The invention provides wave making apparatus for deployment adjacent a body of water and for generating wave motions in the body of water, comprising shore~mounted means for generating a vertical recipro-cating motion above the body o~ water; horizontal paddle mean~ for deployment in the body of water adjacent ~he generating means; and means $or suspending the paddle means from the generating means, whereby operation of the generating means ~auses vertical travel of the paddle means to generate wave motion.
The ~nvention will be more clearly understood ~fter reference to the following d~t~iled spec~fica~ion read ln con~unction wi~h ~he drawing wherein:
~ igure 1 i8 a perspec~ive vlew of a harbour environment ~howing installation~ of waYe making machines accoxding to the invention;
Figure 2 iB a perspectiv2 view of two identical wave making machines, according to a first embodimen of the invention, in use;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the motions carried out by a wave makin~ plunging device according to the invention and of the generated ~urface and sub-surfPce particle motions;
Figure 4 is a perspectiYe Yiew of a wave making machine according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a wave making machine according to a further embodiment of the invention; and Figure 6 is a perspective view oiE a wave making machine according to a ~till furth4r embodiment of the invention installed at the head of a ferry slip.
In respect to the drawings certain reference numerals will apply in general as follows:
The numeral 10 refers to a wave making machine constructed in accordance with the invention.
3 ~
~be aumeral 11 refers to a plunging devi~e encompas~ing the portion~ of the wave machine wh~ch ex~rude below wa~er level.
The numer~l 12 refers to the driving ma~hinery of the wave making machine in general~
The numeral 13 reers to upper ~uspension means for the plunging device.
The numeral 14 refers to the platfo~m ~tructure required for supporting the driving machinery.
The numeral 15 refers to a back board structure required for generation of one-directional wave dction.
Furthermore like numerals hav~ been used throughout the description for like parts.
Referring now to Figure 1 showing a harbour with typical harbour features, the installation of wave machines 10 according to the invention at the head of a car ferry slip 101 behind the leading edge of the transfer bridge 104 will make i~ possible to generate a wave train extPnding from the head of the slip ~eawards, thereby preventing ice buildup in the slip and allowing accurate berthing of ferry ships to take place in the slip .
Similarly the installation of wave machines 10 at the head of a harbour basin 102 will make it possible to control ice conditions in the harbour basinL The installation of wave machines 10 at a harbour location ~ 3 ~2 103 not in ~he road~ c~n be useful in controlllng Lce cond~ions in cert~in harbour areas, for example ~he har-bour ex~rance axea ~f covered by the generated wave train.
Figure 2 shows two identical wave Machines.
Each machine 10 has a plunglng device 11 and driving machinery 12~ upper ~uspension means 139 platform struc-ture 14 and backboard ~tructure ~5.
~he plunging device 11 comprises a paddle blade ~s~embly 20 made up of a blade plate 21 and a supporting blade tru~s 22.
The paddle blade assembly 20 is supported by an upper blade stem 24. ~he upper blade stem is fixed rela-tive to the paddle blade by being bolted to the blade truss 22. ~allast 26 is secured to the ballast support beam 27 attached to the lower end of the lower blade stem 25 so that the ballast will be located below the paddle - blade~ The upper blade stem is capped by a ~arrier bracket 28. A lifting bolt 29 has also been attached to the upper end of the blade stem to serve during the installation of the wave machine. To protect the paddle blade during wave making operations and to retain its.
lateral orienta~ion the paddle blade assembly is equipped with wing bumpers 23 facing the back board structure lS.
The driving machinery 12 is a beam unit mounted on a base plate 33 and includes a reciprocating drive ~2~ 32 mechanism 30, ~am~on post 34 with centre bearlng 35, walk~ng beam 31 wi~h counter weight 32 ~nd hor~e head ~2 The rec~proca~ing driv~ mechani~m 30 comprises a prime mover 36, drive belt 37, double reduction gear 38, cxank 39 and connecting rods with cro~s beam 40 and cro~s bea~ bearing 41 which conveys seasaw motion ~o the walking beam.
The upper suspension means 13 compr~es a wire-line sling 44 ~xtending from the horsehead ~2 of the driving machinery to a pin 45 attached to the carrier bar 28 of the plunging device. A bracket 43 attached to the horsehead guards the wire line sling 44 against misalign- ¦
ment~
The platform structure 14 comprises pilings 51 and a pile cap which forms the deck of the platform.
The back board structure lS comprises a back board 52 supported by verti~al piling 54 and horizontal brace members 53. Rubbing plates 55 aligned with the wing bumpers 23 is attached to the back board.
When the prime mover is operating, the driving machinery will produce a pumping action causing vertical reciprocating motion of the plunging device and the resulting perpendicular oscillation of the paddle blade will generate wave action. Whereas the upstroke of the plunging device is powered the force for the downstroke is delivered by the plunger's own weight plus the ballast weight ~nd i~ i~ characteriatic or the invention that the ~usperlsion mean~" here including a ~ire 1 ine sling, will remain in tension at all time~.
~or ef f icient wave generation ~nd power u~e it is i~:nportant that ~che balla~t 18 large enough to effec'c a r~p~d down stroke and that the total weight o the plunging device including the ballast i~ balanced by the counterweight 32.
The location of the balla t 26 well below ~he paddle blade tends to reduce un~esirable pendulum motion of the plunging device by lowering it a S centre of gravity and reduced water particle motion at depth allows the ballast body to act as a stabilizing vane With several wave machines operating ~ide by side in close proximity adjacent plungers having motions not in phase with each other would receive uneven drag forces and superimposea erratic motions. By installing partition structures 56 as back board projec~ions between plungers, mutual interference between plungers can be avoided. In the arrangement ~hown on Figure 2 a cutaway portion of a partition structure 56 has been shown to include a brace member 58~ j Figure 3 show~ in perpendicular section the relative position of a plunging device 11, the back board structure 15 and the free ~urface 60 of a water body on which waves are to be generated.
3~ 3 During wave ma~ing operations the plunging device 11 w~ arry out vertical oscilla~ion~ whereby the hori~ontal paddle blade w~ll oscillate between a lower position 61 ~nd an upper position 62 and generate wave action travelling ~n direction 65~ as al80 ~hown in Figure 3 by consecutive wave profiles 63 and 64 roughly corresponding ~o paddle blade positions 61 and 62 respec-tively.
It i~ generally known that wave action will produce oscillatory particle motion in the water and 66 points to a ~escriptive approximation often depicted in text books showing orbital particle motions; however, actual particle traces 67 show progressive motion of water in the direction of wave travel and it will be found that the steeper the waves, the more expre~s and thorough will be the upper layer water transportation u~ually called mass transpor~. ¦
In addition the apparatus will provide mixing of upper water layers due to differential particle velo-cities with depth and it will be understood that machinegenerated wave action can provide long distance transpor-tation of floating matter and effect surface mixing over very large areas.
In Figure 3 ~he various dimen~ions and data pertaining to or affecting wave generation have been denoted by letters as follows:
'~ Z 47 38 d ~ water depth 1 ~ depth of b~ck ~oard f ~ width of paddle blade 1 ~ length of paddle blade b e depth of plunger below paddle blade ballaxt clearance ~ - stroke length T ~ wave period ~ - crank period) L G wave length H = wave height W = total weight of plunging device For a wave making machine having an elongated paddle blade of uniform width of meters and length 1 meter~ and being part of a plunging device with a total weight of W metric tons the generation of ~teep waves will occur if approximately W = 0.5 lf2, s = O.S f and T ~ 1.7 f~-5 seconds. The generated wave action will appro~imately have L = 407 f, ~ = 0.5 f and represent a wave energy of = 0.5 f2-5 1 horsepower, but the prime mover of the wave making machiDe should be capable of energy output in suitable excess of the generated wave energy.
Both the dimensions i and a will be variable~
in most case~. For efficient wave generation preferably i should not fall be~ow a valu~ of 2 f and d Ib+c~ not be less than 0. 25 f .
Referr~ng now to ~igure 4 a ~ave making mach~ne 10 present~ng an alternative embodiment of the inven~on h~s a platform ~tructure 14, bac~ board 3tructure 15, drlv~ng machlnery 12 ~nd plunging dev~ce 11. ~he plunging device 11 has an upper blade ~tem 24 and a paddle blade assembly 20 including paddle blade 21, blade BUp~
port bea~ 72 and ribs 73, ~nd a lower blade s~em 25 8Up-porting ballast 26 below the paddle blade. Diagonal brackets 74 complete the paddle blade a~sembly. The suspension means connecting the driving machinery and the plunging device here consist of a universal joint 71.
By this arrangement the motion imparted at the top of the blade stem duriDg operations will only be approximately rectilinear. The lateral orientation of the elongation of the paddle blade is ensured by wing bumpers 23.
The back board structure 15 consists of a back board 68 and a baffle board 69 held together by brace members 77. The back board structure has been suspended from the platform structure by means of wire rope slings 76 extending from bollards 75 on the platform deck to the top of the brace members 77 of the back board. During wave making operations, the general stability of the back board will depend on the hinged support exerted by the platform ~tructure at the top of the brace members 77 and on the resistance to perpendicular motion exerted by the _g_ weight ~nd l~teral expan~e of ~he baffle board 69.
~ igure 5 ~how a wave mak$ng machine 10 pre-~enting ~ further ~lterna iYe embodiment of the lnYen ~ion b ~he machine compri~iDg pla~for~ ~tructure 14, back board structure 15~ driving machinery 12 and plung~ng dev~ce 11. ~he driving machinery 12 comprises two iden-tical beam unit~ mounted side by ~de and unified by coupling structures 78 and 79 rigidly connecting amson poæts 34 and parallel walking beams 31 respectively. A
single reciprocating drive mechanism 30 will opera~e the parallel walking beams by means of a central driving beam 80. ~he plunging device 11 here coin~iding with the paddle blade assembly 20 consi~t~ of upper and lower blade plates 84 and 85, blade support beams 86 and ribs 87, ballast support structures 88 and ballast 26 including ballast containing case 89.
~ he paddle blade suspension means consists 6f two parallel rod hangers 32 attached to the walking beams 31 by universal joints 81 at their upper ends and at their lower ends by hinges 92 on top of the paddle blade assembly 20.
During ~ave making operations the horizontal orientation of the paddle blade elongation parallelling the back board is retained by the double ~uspension ~ystem. The back board 15 here i5 the face of the plat form structure 14.
Figure 6 18 ~ pictor~l v$ew of ~ wave making ~achine according t9 a ~till further embodiment of the inv~ntion installed at the head of a ferry 81ip. The machine compr;se~ platform ~tructure 14, back board ~tructure 1~, driving machinery 12 and plunging device 11.
The driving machlnery 12 is composed of two identical beam units sæaced apart and located on either ide of the transfer bridge pit 99 to operate either end of the paddle blade assembly ~which constitutes the plunging device 11) but having their operatisns synchro nized ~o that they will operate in unison.
The transfer bridge has been omitted from the picture on Figure 6, but its arrangement can be conceived from Figure 1, which shows a ferry slip 101 with a transfer bridge 104, and it will be understood that the roll-sn roll-off traffic will pass over the paddle blade assembly ~and between the beam units).
~he plunging device 11 compri~es ~lade plate 21, blade truss ~2 and two ballast cases 94 suspended from the blade truss by hinged rod hangers 93. The blade plate assembly is protected by end bumpers 95~ The suspension means for the blade plate assembly consists of two identical assemblies suspended from the horse heads 42 of the driving machinery, each consisting of a wire line sling 44, carrier pin 45, carrier bracket 28 and rod h~ngers 91 connected ~o hinge~ 92 on top of the blade pl~te 21 The arrangement o the su~pension ~y~tem allows the driving un~t~ to fall out of ~tep without dolng damage to the plunging device.
The coordina~ion of the two beam uni~ of ~he ~riving machinery can be att~ined by the use of ~ynchro- ¦
nous electric motors and no~ched belt drives for both driving units assumi~g that bo~h mo~ors are powered from the same generator~
In natural waters water level ~hanges will always occur. In inland waters such changes would often fall within the operating range of the wave making machi- I
nery of the invention or may take place over an extended period to allow for infrequent manual adjustments to the equipment~
In tidal waters in~ermittent operation of the wave making machinery within a limited tid~l range, for example coinciding with maximum tidal outflow, might pro-vide the most economical mode of operation.
The various embodiments of the invention pre-~ented in the foregoing have in ~ommon that the driving machinery for generating the vertical reciprocating motion i~ shore mounted. In existing harbours and sites of potential employment of machinery of the invention it would often be possible to incorporate exi~ting struc--12- .
L~ra~ 73~3~?d ture6 to pr~vlde pl~tform ~nd b~ck board ~acllltles for the wave ~aki~g machineryD In other ca~es the machinery ~ust be ~upported ~nd backed by specta11y ~on~truc~ed '~
shore fa~i1itles for examp1e plled p1atform structure~
mounted in the ~ea bed.
In ~11 of the embodiments of the invention a variety of construction material~ ~an be used. The p1at-form structure may include ~ructura1 steel, concrete and timber~ the back board ~ou1d be built of ~tee1, aluminum or timber 9 the driving machinery would generally be made of stee1 and the plunging device made from stee1, stain1ess steel or aluminum. Wing bumpers on the paddle ~f b1ade assembly denoted 23 and 95 on the drawings would consist of nylon cylinders mounted on stee1 shafts and brackets attached o the paddle blade support truss.
The usefu1ness of wave making machinery of the invention for ice management in harbour and waterways ~f have been emphasized in the foregoing but their use- ¦
fulness for other purposes and in other 1Ocations where shore based wave making machinery is desirable must be recognized for Pxamp1e for overcoming stagnation in water reservoirs, for entertainment in swimming poo1s or for ~ave makiny in hydraulic studies etc~
Claims (16)
1. Wave making apparatus for deployment adjacent a body of water and for generating wave motions in the body of water, comprising:
shore-mounted means for generating a vertical reciprocating motion above the body of water;
horizontally-oriented paddle means for complete immersion in the body of water adjacent the generating means;
ballast means attached to and located below the horizontally oriented paddle means;
means for freely suspending the paddle means and the ballast means from the generating means, whereby generation of the generating means causes vertical travel of the paddle means and the ballast meanns to generate wave motion, the motion of the paddle means being moderated by the complete immersion in the body of water.
shore-mounted means for generating a vertical reciprocating motion above the body of water;
horizontally-oriented paddle means for complete immersion in the body of water adjacent the generating means;
ballast means attached to and located below the horizontally oriented paddle means;
means for freely suspending the paddle means and the ballast means from the generating means, whereby generation of the generating means causes vertical travel of the paddle means and the ballast meanns to generate wave motion, the motion of the paddle means being moderated by the complete immersion in the body of water.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 further including a back board for deployment adjacent the paddle means and facing the body of water.
3, The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the shore-mounted means is a beam comprising a walking beam pivoted to rock about a horizontal axis and a prime mover con-nected by crank means to the walking beam, the suspension means being secured to the outer end of the walking beam for suspending the paddle means.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein ballast means are secured to the paddle means, and in which a counterweight is provided on the inner end of the walking beam.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the paddle means comprises a braced horizontal planar element beneath which ballast means is disposed.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the means for suspending the paddle means comprises a wire sling secured to a horsehead on the outer end of the walking beam, and a stem secured to the wire sling and to the paddle means.
7. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the means for suspending the paddle means includes a universal joint connecting the outer end of the walking beam to a stem secured to the paddle means.
8. Wave making apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the paddle means is provided with bumpers facing the back board.
9. Wave making apparatus comprising a pair of beam units as defined in claim 3 connected to a single paddle.
10. Wave making apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein the walking beams of the pair of beam units are con-nected together and are driven by a single prime mover.
11. A machine for making waves on the surface of a body of water comprises a platform for machinery having a deck level which is raised, above the surface of the water, driving means located on the platform for generating reciprocating hoist action;
a backboard adjacent the platform and extending into the water;
a weighted paddle blade freely suspended and totally immersed below the surface of the water in a horizontal atti-tude alongside the backboard;
suspension means extending from the driving means to the weighted paddle blade for imparting vertical oscillations to the paddle blade while maintaining the generally horizontal attitude of the paddle blade, said suspension means including a joint freely suspending the weighted paddle blade.
a backboard adjacent the platform and extending into the water;
a weighted paddle blade freely suspended and totally immersed below the surface of the water in a horizontal atti-tude alongside the backboard;
suspension means extending from the driving means to the weighted paddle blade for imparting vertical oscillations to the paddle blade while maintaining the generally horizontal attitude of the paddle blade, said suspension means including a joint freely suspending the weighted paddle blade.
12. The apparatus defined in claim 11 where the backboard is suspended from hinges on the platform.
13. The apparatus defined in claim 11 which the driving means comprises a beam unit counterweighted to balance the weight of the weighted paddle blade and its suspension means.
14. The apparatus defined in claim 11 in which the suspension means comprises a rigid stem perpendicular to the paddle blade with a flexible connection at the driving means and a fixed connection at the paddle blade.
15. The apparatus defined in claim 14 including bumpers on the paddle blade facing the backboard.
16. The apparatus defined in claim 11 in which the suspension means consists of twin hanger rods with flexible connections at the driving means and hinged joints at the paddle blade.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000476134A CA1247382A (en) | 1985-03-08 | 1985-03-08 | Wave generating apparatus |
| US06/837,406 US4705428A (en) | 1985-03-08 | 1986-03-07 | Wave generating apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000476134A CA1247382A (en) | 1985-03-08 | 1985-03-08 | Wave generating apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1247382A true CA1247382A (en) | 1988-12-28 |
Family
ID=4129991
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000476134A Expired CA1247382A (en) | 1985-03-08 | 1985-03-08 | Wave generating apparatus |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4705428A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1247382A (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3743385A1 (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-07-06 | Rexroth Mannesmann Gmbh | HYDROSTATIC DRIVE FOR WAVE MACHINES IN SWIMMING POOLS |
| BE1011083A6 (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 1999-04-06 | Inan Mehmet Zahit | Wave generator for liquids. |
| DE102004023708A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-12-15 | Tunze Aquarientechnik Gmbh | Method and device for generating waves in an aquarium container |
| US20110209280A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2011-09-01 | Justin Enjo | Orientation of Wave Generating Devices for Generating Plunging Breakers in a Pool |
| US8523483B2 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2013-09-03 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Ice break-up using artificially generated waves |
| US20120285898A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-11-15 | Nedwed Timothy J | Dispersion of Oil Using Artificially Generated Waves |
| US20110289913A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Welch Jr Kenneth W | Wave energy transfer system |
| US8786121B1 (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-07-22 | Sheng-Po Peng | Wave-making and power-generating system |
| US8907514B2 (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-12-09 | Sheng-Po Peng | Wave-driven power generation system |
| US9198403B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-12-01 | Richard W. Carter | Removable wavemaker |
| US9920544B1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-03-20 | Walter Judson Bennett | Plunger wave generator apparatus for efficiently producing waves in a body of water |
| US10519679B1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-12-31 | Walter Judson Bennett | Plunger artificial wave making apparatus |
| CN109972872A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-07-05 | 定州康拓科技有限公司 | Unrestrained system is manually made with bilateral suspension protective device |
| US11255098B1 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2022-02-22 | Swell Manufacturing, LLC | Surfable wave generator and displacer |
| US11686116B2 (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2023-06-27 | Walter Judson Bennett | Plunger wave making generator system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2002043A (en) * | 1933-11-16 | 1935-05-21 | Price Owen Alfred | Means for producing artificial waves |
| US3350724A (en) * | 1964-07-07 | 1967-11-07 | Walter J Leigh | Method and apparatus for generating artificial waves in a body of water |
-
1985
- 1985-03-08 CA CA000476134A patent/CA1247382A/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-03-07 US US06/837,406 patent/US4705428A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4705428A (en) | 1987-11-10 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |