CA1246119A - Balanced latch bolt keeper support system - Google Patents
Balanced latch bolt keeper support systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1246119A CA1246119A CA000562274A CA562274A CA1246119A CA 1246119 A CA1246119 A CA 1246119A CA 000562274 A CA000562274 A CA 000562274A CA 562274 A CA562274 A CA 562274A CA 1246119 A CA1246119 A CA 1246119A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- door
- structural member
- jamb
- latch
- bolt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/02—Striking-plates; Keepers; Bolt staples; Escutcheons
- E05B15/0205—Striking-plates, keepers, staples
Landscapes
- Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
- Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb of a door and serving as an engagement surface for the latch or dead bolt of the door. The device comprises an elongated flat structural member of large lateral cross-sectional area, having a large, flat longitudinally extending engagement surface for the latch or bolt and long common fasteners to extend through the structural member in a direction perpendicular to the engagement surface and into the door jamb to hold the structural member firmly in place in the jamb. A thin surface-mounted combination of cover plate and strike is releasably fixed to the structural member to form an integral assembly.
The device distributes its load carying resistance to impact forces symmetrically in the vertical and horizontal planes, by means of a strong member fastened on center lines that are coincident with the centers of support given by the large common fasteners, and thereby provides a balanced high resistance in direct opposition an attack force against a closed door.
A device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb of a door and serving as an engagement surface for the latch or dead bolt of the door. The device comprises an elongated flat structural member of large lateral cross-sectional area, having a large, flat longitudinally extending engagement surface for the latch or bolt and long common fasteners to extend through the structural member in a direction perpendicular to the engagement surface and into the door jamb to hold the structural member firmly in place in the jamb. A thin surface-mounted combination of cover plate and strike is releasably fixed to the structural member to form an integral assembly.
The device distributes its load carying resistance to impact forces symmetrically in the vertical and horizontal planes, by means of a strong member fastened on center lines that are coincident with the centers of support given by the large common fasteners, and thereby provides a balanced high resistance in direct opposition an attack force against a closed door.
Description
;~Z~ l9 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the bolt (e.g. latch bolt or dead bolt) of a door.
Conventional strike plates and dead bolt keepers provide a narrow latching or engagement sur~ace which will often bend or tear when a closed door is subject to an attack force. When the strike plate bends or tears, very little additional force on the door may be required to cause the latch bolt or dead bolt to come loose from the receptacle in the door jamb located behind the strike, thereby enabling the door to be opened.
Patents of general background intecest describing reinforcing means for keepers or strike plates include U.S.
Patent No. 2,533,396 issued December 12, 1950 of Payne, U.S.
Patent No. 4,186,954 issued February 5, 1980 of Detlefs and U.S. Patent No. 4,211,422 issued July 8, 1980 of ~lansen. The keepers and lock strike plate assemblies of these devices require special, relatively complicated constructions. U.S.
Patent No. 4,369,994 of Vorves issued January 25, 1983 describes and illustrates a strike elate support comprising a U-shaped, two-piece connection which bolts into a door jamb, to circumscribe the upper, lower and outer peripheries of the receptacle for the door latch or bolt. ~ stcike plate fits ~LZ4~ 9 over this device and is secured to the door jamb by normal wood screws. The device illustrated in this patent, in operation produces significant bending stresses on the door latch or bolt. Also, the hinge pin ~hich joins elements forming the "U"
is a ~oint at which the unit may structurally fail if subjected to high impact forces.
Other patents of general background interest are Canadian Patent No. 1,119,640 issued March 9, 1982, U.S. Patent No. 3,767,245 issued October 23, 1973, U.S. Patent No.
4,195,780 issued April 1, 1980 and U.S. Patent Wo. ~,~7~,39~
issued October 2, 1984. Many of the strike plate sup~ort assemblies of these patents have reinforcement means extending in a direction perpendicular to the jamb surface and hence per~endicular to the direction in which an attacking force to the door might be applied.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the latch bolt of a door. The device comprises an elongated flat structural member of large lateral cross-sectional area. The member has a laege flat longitudinally extending engagement surface for the bolt to extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the member. It is mounted in the door jamb so that the engagement surface is ~LZ4~
properly positioned with respect to the bolt receptacle in the door jamb and with respect to the latch bolt, to maintain proper door closure. Long common fasteners extend through the structural member in a direction ~erpendicular to the engagement surface and into the door jamb, preferably at locations equally spaced from the position of the latch or bolt when seated in the bolt receptacle to hold the structural member firmly in place in the jamb.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises a thin sheet metal combination of cover plate and strike, to be secured ~o the structural member by securing means thereby to form an integral assembly.~
The device according to the present invention provides a high strength universal type of replacement device for strike plates and dead bolt keepers. The device, in a preferred construction, forms an integral assembly with the cover plate and strike, that is adjustably attached to a door jamb by means of the long common fasteners. The device in addition to serving as a very effective door jamb reinforcement, gives a balanced high resistance in direct opposition to any attack force against the door, when located close to the mounting surface of the jamb. It is easily installed and economically manufactured.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a low cost high strength universal type of securing mechanism applicable to most common frame jambs in new or ~246~
existing housing, requiring only the simelest oE modifications to the jamb itself for installation.
Another object is to provide a replacement aeparatus tha~ will allow the removal and discarding of an existing strike plate, and be surface mounted to completely cover the cavity of the old strike plate.
Another object is to provide a mechanical design which does not depend on the resistance-to--shearing st~esses in fasteners or other small sections, for sueport against impact forces.
Another object is to provide a cover plate that serves in a way that is similar to a conventional strike, but does not itself provide the latch engagement function to maintain door closure. A further object of the cover plate is to conceal the internal security mechanism and its jamb cavity.
A further object of the invention is to provide a device which requires only a moderate degree of skill for installation, and which may be quickly installed.
Another object is to provide an apparatus which is capable of a simple readjustment at any time for optimum door closure.
~ still further object for one embodiment of the invention is to provide a strong body structure for the attachment of a door chain during installation, or at a later time as required by the user.
~6~g Yet another object of this invention is to erovide a simple mechanical assembly for easy manufacture, which may be included in a package as part of a common lock installation kit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR~WINGS
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon referring to the drawings in which:
FIGURE l i5 an e~ploded perspective view of a device in accordance with the present invention mounted in a door jamb;
FIGURE 2 is a section view of the device taken through ~he door jamb, immediately above the device, along line II-II
of FIGURE 3; and FIGURE 3 is an elevation view, partially broken away, of the device of FIGURE l.
While the invention will be described in conjunction with an example embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to such embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
~;~4L6~19 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following description, similar features in the drawings have been given similar reference numerals.
Turning to FIGURE 1 there is illustrated a device 2 for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the latch or bolt thereof, mounted in a door jamb 4. Device 2 comprises an elongated flat structural member 6, having a relatively large cross-sectional area in the lateral direction. ~ large flat longitudinally extènding engagement surface 8 extends along one side of member 6, engagement surface 8 to be mounted in the door jamb, as illustrated in FIGURES 2 and 3, so that it is properly positioned, with respect to the latch or bolt receptacle 12 in the door jamb 4, so that when the door is closed, it holds the bolt or latch properly within the receptacle.
Member 6 is held in position by means of long common fas~eners 14 which, in the illustrated embodimen~, are elongated wood screws. These fasteners 14 extend through structural member 6 in a direction perpendicular to engagement sueface 8 into jamb 4 to hold structural member 6 firmly in place in the jamb and resist any forces which might be applied to the door ~o open it while closed or locked. Member 6, when, thus held ~n position, distributes its load-carrying resistance to impact forces symmetrically in the vertical and horizontal planes. ~his is achieved, in the vertical plane, by the ~2~
fasteners 14 having their center lines coincident with the vertical center line of the structural member 6, and horizontally by fasteners 14 being positioned, in member 6 at locations equally spaced from the position of the latch or bolt when positioned in the bolt receptacle 12 to give a balanced resistance to an attacking force on the door (transmitted to it by the latch or bolt).
~ cover plate and strike 16, comprising a thin piece of sheet metal, is surface mounted on jamb 4 as illustra-ted, using machine screws 18 extending through holes in cover 16 into threaded holes 19 in member 6. The heel corners of cover 16 are simply fastened to jamb 4 by means of ordinary wood screws 20 as illustrated.
Flexible washers 22, mounted on fasteners 14 and positioned between member 6 and adjacent portion of jamb 4, are used to provide a resilient means for achieving a continuously adjustable asse~bly for optimum door closure. ~fter adjusting the lateral positioning of engagement surface 8 with respect to receptacle 12, by means of appropriately rotating fasteners 14, structural member 6 is then held firmly in place. If necessary, plastic wood (not illustrated) may be forced into the spaces between confronting surfaces oE jamb 4 and engagement surface 8 in the vicinity of the compLessed rubber washers 22.
For further security, a pluLality o~ wall pins 24 (FIGU~E 3) may be driven into pilot holes through jamb 4 into ~246~L l9 studs 25 to provide extra support and strength from the wall structure.
Installation of the device is readlly achieved by simply routing out a small portion of the front edge of door jamb 4 and frame-to-wall cover strip 28 as illustrated in FIGURE 1, for example with the aid of an appropriate guide template, and drilling of horizontal eilot holes deep in the door jamb for long Gommon fasteners 14. Holes in structural member 6 may be used as a hole template for drilling these pilot holes, while the assembly is hand held in place. Using the small rubber washers 22 as previously described, the structural member 6 may be appropriately laterally positioned with respect to receptacle 12 for optimum door closure, and plastic wood applied as previously described, if desired.
Cover plate and strike 16 is then connected in fixed relation to structural member 6 with machine screws 18 and finally the heel corners of cover 16 are fastened to the jamb by means of wood screws ZO.
If desired, member 6 may be provided with a chain-receiving fastener 30 or other such securing means, to which a conventional interior door lock safety chain (not illustrated~
may be anchored.
Impact testing in general accordance with ASTM
F-476-76, of the device in accordance with the present invention, has shown that, in addition to seLving as a very effective door jamb reinforcement, the long common fasteners 14 ~Z~6~1~
in conjunction with member 6 and its engagement surface ~ give a balanced high resis-tance in direct opposition to any attack force against the door, when the device is located close to the mounting surface of the jamb.
Thus it is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the invention a balanced latch bolt keeper support system that fully satisfies the objects, aims and advantages set forth above. While the inven-tion has been described in ~onjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the invention.
The present invention relates to a device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the bolt (e.g. latch bolt or dead bolt) of a door.
Conventional strike plates and dead bolt keepers provide a narrow latching or engagement sur~ace which will often bend or tear when a closed door is subject to an attack force. When the strike plate bends or tears, very little additional force on the door may be required to cause the latch bolt or dead bolt to come loose from the receptacle in the door jamb located behind the strike, thereby enabling the door to be opened.
Patents of general background intecest describing reinforcing means for keepers or strike plates include U.S.
Patent No. 2,533,396 issued December 12, 1950 of Payne, U.S.
Patent No. 4,186,954 issued February 5, 1980 of Detlefs and U.S. Patent No. 4,211,422 issued July 8, 1980 of ~lansen. The keepers and lock strike plate assemblies of these devices require special, relatively complicated constructions. U.S.
Patent No. 4,369,994 of Vorves issued January 25, 1983 describes and illustrates a strike elate support comprising a U-shaped, two-piece connection which bolts into a door jamb, to circumscribe the upper, lower and outer peripheries of the receptacle for the door latch or bolt. ~ stcike plate fits ~LZ4~ 9 over this device and is secured to the door jamb by normal wood screws. The device illustrated in this patent, in operation produces significant bending stresses on the door latch or bolt. Also, the hinge pin ~hich joins elements forming the "U"
is a ~oint at which the unit may structurally fail if subjected to high impact forces.
Other patents of general background interest are Canadian Patent No. 1,119,640 issued March 9, 1982, U.S. Patent No. 3,767,245 issued October 23, 1973, U.S. Patent No.
4,195,780 issued April 1, 1980 and U.S. Patent Wo. ~,~7~,39~
issued October 2, 1984. Many of the strike plate sup~ort assemblies of these patents have reinforcement means extending in a direction perpendicular to the jamb surface and hence per~endicular to the direction in which an attacking force to the door might be applied.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the latch bolt of a door. The device comprises an elongated flat structural member of large lateral cross-sectional area. The member has a laege flat longitudinally extending engagement surface for the bolt to extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the member. It is mounted in the door jamb so that the engagement surface is ~LZ4~
properly positioned with respect to the bolt receptacle in the door jamb and with respect to the latch bolt, to maintain proper door closure. Long common fasteners extend through the structural member in a direction ~erpendicular to the engagement surface and into the door jamb, preferably at locations equally spaced from the position of the latch or bolt when seated in the bolt receptacle to hold the structural member firmly in place in the jamb.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises a thin sheet metal combination of cover plate and strike, to be secured ~o the structural member by securing means thereby to form an integral assembly.~
The device according to the present invention provides a high strength universal type of replacement device for strike plates and dead bolt keepers. The device, in a preferred construction, forms an integral assembly with the cover plate and strike, that is adjustably attached to a door jamb by means of the long common fasteners. The device in addition to serving as a very effective door jamb reinforcement, gives a balanced high resistance in direct opposition to any attack force against the door, when located close to the mounting surface of the jamb. It is easily installed and economically manufactured.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a low cost high strength universal type of securing mechanism applicable to most common frame jambs in new or ~246~
existing housing, requiring only the simelest oE modifications to the jamb itself for installation.
Another object is to provide a replacement aeparatus tha~ will allow the removal and discarding of an existing strike plate, and be surface mounted to completely cover the cavity of the old strike plate.
Another object is to provide a mechanical design which does not depend on the resistance-to--shearing st~esses in fasteners or other small sections, for sueport against impact forces.
Another object is to provide a cover plate that serves in a way that is similar to a conventional strike, but does not itself provide the latch engagement function to maintain door closure. A further object of the cover plate is to conceal the internal security mechanism and its jamb cavity.
A further object of the invention is to provide a device which requires only a moderate degree of skill for installation, and which may be quickly installed.
Another object is to provide an apparatus which is capable of a simple readjustment at any time for optimum door closure.
~ still further object for one embodiment of the invention is to provide a strong body structure for the attachment of a door chain during installation, or at a later time as required by the user.
~6~g Yet another object of this invention is to erovide a simple mechanical assembly for easy manufacture, which may be included in a package as part of a common lock installation kit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR~WINGS
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon referring to the drawings in which:
FIGURE l i5 an e~ploded perspective view of a device in accordance with the present invention mounted in a door jamb;
FIGURE 2 is a section view of the device taken through ~he door jamb, immediately above the device, along line II-II
of FIGURE 3; and FIGURE 3 is an elevation view, partially broken away, of the device of FIGURE l.
While the invention will be described in conjunction with an example embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to such embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
~;~4L6~19 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following description, similar features in the drawings have been given similar reference numerals.
Turning to FIGURE 1 there is illustrated a device 2 for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the latch or bolt thereof, mounted in a door jamb 4. Device 2 comprises an elongated flat structural member 6, having a relatively large cross-sectional area in the lateral direction. ~ large flat longitudinally extènding engagement surface 8 extends along one side of member 6, engagement surface 8 to be mounted in the door jamb, as illustrated in FIGURES 2 and 3, so that it is properly positioned, with respect to the latch or bolt receptacle 12 in the door jamb 4, so that when the door is closed, it holds the bolt or latch properly within the receptacle.
Member 6 is held in position by means of long common fas~eners 14 which, in the illustrated embodimen~, are elongated wood screws. These fasteners 14 extend through structural member 6 in a direction perpendicular to engagement sueface 8 into jamb 4 to hold structural member 6 firmly in place in the jamb and resist any forces which might be applied to the door ~o open it while closed or locked. Member 6, when, thus held ~n position, distributes its load-carrying resistance to impact forces symmetrically in the vertical and horizontal planes. ~his is achieved, in the vertical plane, by the ~2~
fasteners 14 having their center lines coincident with the vertical center line of the structural member 6, and horizontally by fasteners 14 being positioned, in member 6 at locations equally spaced from the position of the latch or bolt when positioned in the bolt receptacle 12 to give a balanced resistance to an attacking force on the door (transmitted to it by the latch or bolt).
~ cover plate and strike 16, comprising a thin piece of sheet metal, is surface mounted on jamb 4 as illustra-ted, using machine screws 18 extending through holes in cover 16 into threaded holes 19 in member 6. The heel corners of cover 16 are simply fastened to jamb 4 by means of ordinary wood screws 20 as illustrated.
Flexible washers 22, mounted on fasteners 14 and positioned between member 6 and adjacent portion of jamb 4, are used to provide a resilient means for achieving a continuously adjustable asse~bly for optimum door closure. ~fter adjusting the lateral positioning of engagement surface 8 with respect to receptacle 12, by means of appropriately rotating fasteners 14, structural member 6 is then held firmly in place. If necessary, plastic wood (not illustrated) may be forced into the spaces between confronting surfaces oE jamb 4 and engagement surface 8 in the vicinity of the compLessed rubber washers 22.
For further security, a pluLality o~ wall pins 24 (FIGU~E 3) may be driven into pilot holes through jamb 4 into ~246~L l9 studs 25 to provide extra support and strength from the wall structure.
Installation of the device is readlly achieved by simply routing out a small portion of the front edge of door jamb 4 and frame-to-wall cover strip 28 as illustrated in FIGURE 1, for example with the aid of an appropriate guide template, and drilling of horizontal eilot holes deep in the door jamb for long Gommon fasteners 14. Holes in structural member 6 may be used as a hole template for drilling these pilot holes, while the assembly is hand held in place. Using the small rubber washers 22 as previously described, the structural member 6 may be appropriately laterally positioned with respect to receptacle 12 for optimum door closure, and plastic wood applied as previously described, if desired.
Cover plate and strike 16 is then connected in fixed relation to structural member 6 with machine screws 18 and finally the heel corners of cover 16 are fastened to the jamb by means of wood screws ZO.
If desired, member 6 may be provided with a chain-receiving fastener 30 or other such securing means, to which a conventional interior door lock safety chain (not illustrated~
may be anchored.
Impact testing in general accordance with ASTM
F-476-76, of the device in accordance with the present invention, has shown that, in addition to seLving as a very effective door jamb reinforcement, the long common fasteners 14 ~Z~6~1~
in conjunction with member 6 and its engagement surface ~ give a balanced high resis-tance in direct opposition to any attack force against the door, when the device is located close to the mounting surface of the jamb.
Thus it is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the invention a balanced latch bolt keeper support system that fully satisfies the objects, aims and advantages set forth above. While the inven-tion has been described in ~onjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for simultaneously reinforcing a door jamb and serving as an engagement surface for the latch or bolt of a door comprising:
(a) an elongated flat structural member of large lateral cross-sectional area, the member having a large flat longitudinally extending engagement surface for the bolt extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the member, the member to be mounted in the door jamb so that the engagement surface of the member is properly positioned with respect to the latch or bolt receptacle in that door jamb and with respect to said latch or bolt, when the door is closed, to hold the latch or dead bolt securely in place in the receptacle: and (b) long common fasteners to extend through the structural member in a direction perpendicular to the engagement surface and into the door jamb to hold the structural member firmly in place in the jamb.
(a) an elongated flat structural member of large lateral cross-sectional area, the member having a large flat longitudinally extending engagement surface for the bolt extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the member, the member to be mounted in the door jamb so that the engagement surface of the member is properly positioned with respect to the latch or bolt receptacle in that door jamb and with respect to said latch or bolt, when the door is closed, to hold the latch or dead bolt securely in place in the receptacle: and (b) long common fasteners to extend through the structural member in a direction perpendicular to the engagement surface and into the door jamb to hold the structural member firmly in place in the jamb.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein a pair of common fasteners extend through the structural member at locations centered with respect to the vertical center line of the member and equally spaced from the position of the latch or bolt when positioned in the latch or bolt receptacle to give a balanced resistance to an attacking force on the door.
3. A device according to claim 2 wherein the common fasteners are elongated wood screws.
4. A device according to claim 2 further comprising a thin sheet metal cover plate and strike, to be secured to the structural member by securing means thereby to form an integral assembly.
5. A device according to claim 4 wherein the plate and strike is constructed so as to be surface mounted when secured to the structural member and in position on a jamb.
6. A device according to claim 4 wherein the plate and strike securing means comprise machine screws passing through holes in the plate and strike to threadably engage in holes in the structural member.
7. A device according to claim 1 wherein flexible washers are positioned on the common fasteners between the structural member and the jamb when the device is mounted in a jamb to permit adjustably positioning the engagement surface with respect to the latch or bolt receptacle for optimum door closure.
8. A device according to claim 1 further comprising securing means attached to the structural member for securing in position one end of an interior door lock safety chain.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000562274A CA1246119A (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | Balanced latch bolt keeper support system |
| US07/410,962 US5016930A (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1989-09-22 | Balanced latch bolt keeper support system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000562274A CA1246119A (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | Balanced latch bolt keeper support system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1246119A true CA1246119A (en) | 1988-12-06 |
Family
ID=4137714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000562274A Expired CA1246119A (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | Balanced latch bolt keeper support system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1246119A (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-03-23 CA CA000562274A patent/CA1246119A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |