CA1246053A - Rotating tumbler operating about substantially mutually orthogonal axes - Google Patents
Rotating tumbler operating about substantially mutually orthogonal axesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1246053A CA1246053A CA000457839A CA457839A CA1246053A CA 1246053 A CA1246053 A CA 1246053A CA 000457839 A CA000457839 A CA 000457839A CA 457839 A CA457839 A CA 457839A CA 1246053 A CA1246053 A CA 1246053A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- axis
- container
- wheel
- raceway
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
- B01F29/10—Mixers with rotating receptacles with receptacles rotated about two different axes, e.g. receptacles having planetary motion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
- B01F29/40—Parts or components, e.g. receptacles, feeding or discharging means
- B01F29/403—Disposition of the rotor axis
- B01F29/4035—Disposition of the rotor axis with a receptacle rotating around two or more axes
- B01F29/40353—Disposition of the rotor axis with a receptacle rotating around two or more axes being perpendicular axes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device for mixing materials in a container, said device providing rotation of the container about two axes perpendicular to one another. The device comprises a first frame mounted rotatably on a pedestal and a second frame mounted rotatably within said first frame and provided with a wheel-like element being in engagement with a circular raceway so positioned that the second frame rotates about a second axis which is generally perpendicular to the first axis. The design of the frames makes it possible to position one or more containers within the second, internal frame so that additional centripetal acceleration of the material to be mixed is created whereby vibration and balance problems are reduced. The device thus provides greater versatility and simpler design than that of known devices.
A device for mixing materials in a container, said device providing rotation of the container about two axes perpendicular to one another. The device comprises a first frame mounted rotatably on a pedestal and a second frame mounted rotatably within said first frame and provided with a wheel-like element being in engagement with a circular raceway so positioned that the second frame rotates about a second axis which is generally perpendicular to the first axis. The design of the frames makes it possible to position one or more containers within the second, internal frame so that additional centripetal acceleration of the material to be mixed is created whereby vibration and balance problems are reduced. The device thus provides greater versatility and simpler design than that of known devices.
Description
~2~6~53 This invention relates to an apparatus for mixing various materials as liquids or solids and more particularly to a device for rotating the material to be homogenized, in a container whereby the container is rotated about two axes disposed generally at right angles to each other.
a~
There ~s a number of mechanical mixers or churns employed in mixing operations, the design and construction of the devices usually adapted to obtain the homogenization of material be it liquid, semi-liquid, a mixture of liquids and/or solids, or granular ma-terial.
For the purpose of mixing a suspension, for example paint, a quick rotation, preferably about two axes has been heretofore employed. A material tumbler with non-perpendicular rotation axes is disclosed in Canadian Patent No. 1,132,534 issued September 28, 1982 to Gall. Another Canadian Patent No. 983,912 issued February 17, 1976 to Karjalainen describes an agitator with two perpendicular axes of rotation. Another device, especially useful for mixing granular material where free-falling of the material must be maintained, is known from U.S. Patent No.
3,229,96~ issued January 18, 1966 to Wiseman.
The Gall patent includes an embodiment wherein the non-perpendicular axes are offset from one another a small amount.
There is little discussion of the benefit of such an offset while it is made clear that in the case of a quick rotation, considerable vibration and imbalance can be encountered.
For the purpose of mixing some granular solids it is advisable to rotate the container about two axes, at least one of ~'s -- " , ~ ~
g3 53 them being non-congruent with the sentre of gravity of the container.
The centripetal acceleration thus created, combined wit~
a speed of rotation selected to permit ~ree-falling of the material in the container favourably affects the homogenization of materials of different specific gravity.
An object of the present invention is the provision of a versatile mixer of a simple mechanical design, capable of mixing materials by rotation thereof about two axes whereby vibration and imbalance problems are substantially reduced.
In one broad aspect, the present invention relates to a device for mixing materials within a container comprising: a base, a first frame mounted on said base to rotate relative thereto about a first axis, drive means in engagement with said first frame for rotating same, a second frame pivotally secured to the first frame to rotate relative to the first frame about a second axis extending generally perpendicularly with respect to said first axis, a wheel-like member fixedly secured to the second frame coaxially to said second axis to rotate therewith about the ~o second axis, a circular raceway with a plane is perpendicular to said first axis, said wheel-like member bearing against said raceway.
Either one or both the frames may be of open construction, that is r not defining a closed polygon. The second frame is provided with means to attach one or more containers thereto either symmetrically with respect to the axes of rotation or at any other place within said second frame. Either rolling engagement or a positive engagement between the wheel-like element
a~
There ~s a number of mechanical mixers or churns employed in mixing operations, the design and construction of the devices usually adapted to obtain the homogenization of material be it liquid, semi-liquid, a mixture of liquids and/or solids, or granular ma-terial.
For the purpose of mixing a suspension, for example paint, a quick rotation, preferably about two axes has been heretofore employed. A material tumbler with non-perpendicular rotation axes is disclosed in Canadian Patent No. 1,132,534 issued September 28, 1982 to Gall. Another Canadian Patent No. 983,912 issued February 17, 1976 to Karjalainen describes an agitator with two perpendicular axes of rotation. Another device, especially useful for mixing granular material where free-falling of the material must be maintained, is known from U.S. Patent No.
3,229,96~ issued January 18, 1966 to Wiseman.
The Gall patent includes an embodiment wherein the non-perpendicular axes are offset from one another a small amount.
There is little discussion of the benefit of such an offset while it is made clear that in the case of a quick rotation, considerable vibration and imbalance can be encountered.
For the purpose of mixing some granular solids it is advisable to rotate the container about two axes, at least one of ~'s -- " , ~ ~
g3 53 them being non-congruent with the sentre of gravity of the container.
The centripetal acceleration thus created, combined wit~
a speed of rotation selected to permit ~ree-falling of the material in the container favourably affects the homogenization of materials of different specific gravity.
An object of the present invention is the provision of a versatile mixer of a simple mechanical design, capable of mixing materials by rotation thereof about two axes whereby vibration and imbalance problems are substantially reduced.
In one broad aspect, the present invention relates to a device for mixing materials within a container comprising: a base, a first frame mounted on said base to rotate relative thereto about a first axis, drive means in engagement with said first frame for rotating same, a second frame pivotally secured to the first frame to rotate relative to the first frame about a second axis extending generally perpendicularly with respect to said first axis, a wheel-like member fixedly secured to the second frame coaxially to said second axis to rotate therewith about the ~o second axis, a circular raceway with a plane is perpendicular to said first axis, said wheel-like member bearing against said raceway.
Either one or both the frames may be of open construction, that is r not defining a closed polygon. The second frame is provided with means to attach one or more containers thereto either symmetrically with respect to the axes of rotation or at any other place within said second frame. Either rolling engagement or a positive engagement between the wheel-like element
-2-ii3 and the raceway may be provid~d.
In drawings which illustrate exemplary ernbodiments of theinvention:
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of one embodiment .
Figure 2 is a perspective, fragmentary view of the embodiment as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of ano-ther embodiment, and Figure 4 is an elevational view of yet another embodiment of the invention.
The mixing device shown in Figure 1 comprises a support pedestal 10 with a wooden plate 11 fastened thereto by means of bolts, rivets or similar elements. The plate 11 is further kept in place by means of flat-bars 12 which in turn are rigidly secured to the pedestal 10. A shaft 13 is rotatably mounted on the pedestal 10, a pulley 14 being fastened to the shaft 13 to transmit driving force from an electric motor 15 provided with a speed reducing means not shown in the drawings. A ~irst frame 16 made of steel bars is mounted on the shaft 13 which defines the axis of rotation A-A of the frame 16. In the frame 16, two bearing housings 17 are provided to receive a second shaft with a second frame 18 rigidly fastened thereto. ~he frame 18 is provided with hinges 19 which hold clamping rings 20 divided each into two parts, one of them fixed and the other part movable pivotally. A pneumatic wheel 37 being in rolling engagement with the plate 11 is secured to the shaft of the second frame 18.
~2~ 3 Figure 2 shows the p~destal 10 with reinforcing and stabilizing framework el~men-ts 21 which are omitted in Figure 1 for clarity. A wooden plate 11 is fas-tened to the pedestal 10 by means of flat-bars 12 which are rigidly secured to the pedestal 10 .
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3 the pedestal 22 is built as an angular rigid structure having a base plate 23 (which may be substituted by two horizontally disposed legs) which supports, via an oblique member 24, a bearing bushing 25 with two bearings mounted therein, the bushing providing support for a shaft 26 with a pulley 27, a plate 11 and a first frame 28 fastened thereto. The second, internal frame 29 is rotatably mounted in two bearing housings 30 with its shaft extending through one of the housings 30. The pulley receives driving force frorn an electric motor 15.
In this embodiment both frames 28 and 29 are of open, C-shape thereby providing an easy access to containers 31, 32 and 33 which are secured to the second frame 29. The containers 31 and 32 are secured to the second frarne by means of hinges 19 and clamping rings 20, similar in construction to those shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, two supporting plates 34 are fastened to the second frame 29 and provide an extension thereof to support the "additional" container 33, which is secured to the second frame ~9 via at least one support.ing plate 34 by means of -three or more tie rods 35. In order to make it easy -to secure the container 33 to the plate or plates 34, the plates 34 are provided with a plurality of openings whereby the container may be t53 positioned in various places.
An auxiliary plate 36 is provided to fasten the container 33 to the plates 34 and thereby to the second frame 29.
A pneumatic wheel 37, corresponding to that shown in Figure 1 is mounted on the shaft of the second frame 29 in rolling engagement with the plate 11. Preferably, a bicycle wheel can be used in both the embodiments shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3. By controlling the air prssure within the tire of the wheel 37, the pressure exerted by the wheel 37 on the plate 11 can easily be adjusted.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 4 the device comprises a pedestal 38 supporting two fixed shafts 39. A frame 40, whose part is adapted to serve as a pulley 41 is mounted rotatably on the shafts 39 by means of bearings 42. The shafts have each a cylindrical portion 43 with a recess in which precompressed helical springs 44 are locatéd. The outer surfaces of the cylindrical portions 43 have splines which provide slidable engagement between the portions 43 and discs 45, whereby preventing the discs 45 from rotating. The discs are lined with ~0 friction layers 46 preferably made of rubber.
Two internal frames 47, 48 are mounted pivotally within the frame 40 by means of bearings 51, 52. Each frame 47, 48 has a disc-like part 49, 50 which is in rolling engagement with -the friction layers 46 of the discs 45. Two containers 53, 54 are mounted to the frames 47, 48 correspondingly and secured by means of set screws 55, 56. An electric motor 57 provides driving force for the pulley 41.
It is to be noted tha-t the containers by no means constitute a part of the mixing ~evice and are illustrated for bet-ter understanding only.
Instead of a friction or rolliny engagemen-t, a forced drive of the second frame can be employed, for instance by providing a toothed raceway and a mating toothed disc.
The provision of the frame with various Eastening means as clamping rings 20 and tie rods 35 with plates 34 and 36 enables the user to position one or more containers with their centres of gravity each either congruent with one or both axes of rotation or offset from one or two axes. For example, by positioning the containers 31 and 32 (Figure 3) each offset from the horizon-tal axis of rotation, a relatively good balance is provided. The container 33 makes the whole arrangement substantially balanced with respect to the second axis o~ rotation which is shown as vertical in Figure 3.
In operation, a container wi-th material to be mixed is mounted to the second internal frame 18 by means of clamp rings 20 (Figure 1). A plurality of interchangeable clamp rings can be provided thereby enabling to use containers of different sizes.
Power is provided to the motor 15 whereupon -the frame 16 is rotated via a V-belt (not shown) and the pulley 1~ about axis A-A.
With the frame 16 rotating, the wheel 37 starts rolling over a circular raceway defined by the plate 11 thereby causing the rotation of the frame 9 about axis B-B which is perpendicular to axis A-A.
The device shown in Figure 3 operates in a way similar to ~2~S~3 that of the device shown in Figure 1. As explained above, by selecting the size o:E clamping rings 20 and the location of set screws with respect to the perforated plates 34 the user has a possibility to arrange the containers 31, 32, 33 to reduce vibration and balance problems inevitable especially when mixing substantial amounts of solids.
The embodiment shown in Figure 4 operates virtually in the same way as those shown in Figures 1 and 3, the difference being that during the rotation of frame 40, two separate internal frames 47, 48 are rotated due to the engagement of their respective disc-~like parts 49, 50 with two separate discs 45. In order to adjust the pressure between the parts being in rolling engagement, the discs 4S are constantly urged against the disc-like elements 49, 50 due to the compression force exerted by the springs 44.
For specific applications, especially for mixing solids, the two-frame arrangement may be positioned at an angle with respect to a horizontal plane, the angle selected depending on specific needs. Of course, both the respective axes of rotation remain perpendicular.
The above described embodiments do not present all the possible modification of the mixing device of this invention, the modifications being obvious to those skilled in the art~
In drawings which illustrate exemplary ernbodiments of theinvention:
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of one embodiment .
Figure 2 is a perspective, fragmentary view of the embodiment as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of ano-ther embodiment, and Figure 4 is an elevational view of yet another embodiment of the invention.
The mixing device shown in Figure 1 comprises a support pedestal 10 with a wooden plate 11 fastened thereto by means of bolts, rivets or similar elements. The plate 11 is further kept in place by means of flat-bars 12 which in turn are rigidly secured to the pedestal 10. A shaft 13 is rotatably mounted on the pedestal 10, a pulley 14 being fastened to the shaft 13 to transmit driving force from an electric motor 15 provided with a speed reducing means not shown in the drawings. A ~irst frame 16 made of steel bars is mounted on the shaft 13 which defines the axis of rotation A-A of the frame 16. In the frame 16, two bearing housings 17 are provided to receive a second shaft with a second frame 18 rigidly fastened thereto. ~he frame 18 is provided with hinges 19 which hold clamping rings 20 divided each into two parts, one of them fixed and the other part movable pivotally. A pneumatic wheel 37 being in rolling engagement with the plate 11 is secured to the shaft of the second frame 18.
~2~ 3 Figure 2 shows the p~destal 10 with reinforcing and stabilizing framework el~men-ts 21 which are omitted in Figure 1 for clarity. A wooden plate 11 is fas-tened to the pedestal 10 by means of flat-bars 12 which are rigidly secured to the pedestal 10 .
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3 the pedestal 22 is built as an angular rigid structure having a base plate 23 (which may be substituted by two horizontally disposed legs) which supports, via an oblique member 24, a bearing bushing 25 with two bearings mounted therein, the bushing providing support for a shaft 26 with a pulley 27, a plate 11 and a first frame 28 fastened thereto. The second, internal frame 29 is rotatably mounted in two bearing housings 30 with its shaft extending through one of the housings 30. The pulley receives driving force frorn an electric motor 15.
In this embodiment both frames 28 and 29 are of open, C-shape thereby providing an easy access to containers 31, 32 and 33 which are secured to the second frame 29. The containers 31 and 32 are secured to the second frarne by means of hinges 19 and clamping rings 20, similar in construction to those shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, two supporting plates 34 are fastened to the second frame 29 and provide an extension thereof to support the "additional" container 33, which is secured to the second frame ~9 via at least one support.ing plate 34 by means of -three or more tie rods 35. In order to make it easy -to secure the container 33 to the plate or plates 34, the plates 34 are provided with a plurality of openings whereby the container may be t53 positioned in various places.
An auxiliary plate 36 is provided to fasten the container 33 to the plates 34 and thereby to the second frame 29.
A pneumatic wheel 37, corresponding to that shown in Figure 1 is mounted on the shaft of the second frame 29 in rolling engagement with the plate 11. Preferably, a bicycle wheel can be used in both the embodiments shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3. By controlling the air prssure within the tire of the wheel 37, the pressure exerted by the wheel 37 on the plate 11 can easily be adjusted.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 4 the device comprises a pedestal 38 supporting two fixed shafts 39. A frame 40, whose part is adapted to serve as a pulley 41 is mounted rotatably on the shafts 39 by means of bearings 42. The shafts have each a cylindrical portion 43 with a recess in which precompressed helical springs 44 are locatéd. The outer surfaces of the cylindrical portions 43 have splines which provide slidable engagement between the portions 43 and discs 45, whereby preventing the discs 45 from rotating. The discs are lined with ~0 friction layers 46 preferably made of rubber.
Two internal frames 47, 48 are mounted pivotally within the frame 40 by means of bearings 51, 52. Each frame 47, 48 has a disc-like part 49, 50 which is in rolling engagement with -the friction layers 46 of the discs 45. Two containers 53, 54 are mounted to the frames 47, 48 correspondingly and secured by means of set screws 55, 56. An electric motor 57 provides driving force for the pulley 41.
It is to be noted tha-t the containers by no means constitute a part of the mixing ~evice and are illustrated for bet-ter understanding only.
Instead of a friction or rolliny engagemen-t, a forced drive of the second frame can be employed, for instance by providing a toothed raceway and a mating toothed disc.
The provision of the frame with various Eastening means as clamping rings 20 and tie rods 35 with plates 34 and 36 enables the user to position one or more containers with their centres of gravity each either congruent with one or both axes of rotation or offset from one or two axes. For example, by positioning the containers 31 and 32 (Figure 3) each offset from the horizon-tal axis of rotation, a relatively good balance is provided. The container 33 makes the whole arrangement substantially balanced with respect to the second axis o~ rotation which is shown as vertical in Figure 3.
In operation, a container wi-th material to be mixed is mounted to the second internal frame 18 by means of clamp rings 20 (Figure 1). A plurality of interchangeable clamp rings can be provided thereby enabling to use containers of different sizes.
Power is provided to the motor 15 whereupon -the frame 16 is rotated via a V-belt (not shown) and the pulley 1~ about axis A-A.
With the frame 16 rotating, the wheel 37 starts rolling over a circular raceway defined by the plate 11 thereby causing the rotation of the frame 9 about axis B-B which is perpendicular to axis A-A.
The device shown in Figure 3 operates in a way similar to ~2~S~3 that of the device shown in Figure 1. As explained above, by selecting the size o:E clamping rings 20 and the location of set screws with respect to the perforated plates 34 the user has a possibility to arrange the containers 31, 32, 33 to reduce vibration and balance problems inevitable especially when mixing substantial amounts of solids.
The embodiment shown in Figure 4 operates virtually in the same way as those shown in Figures 1 and 3, the difference being that during the rotation of frame 40, two separate internal frames 47, 48 are rotated due to the engagement of their respective disc-~like parts 49, 50 with two separate discs 45. In order to adjust the pressure between the parts being in rolling engagement, the discs 4S are constantly urged against the disc-like elements 49, 50 due to the compression force exerted by the springs 44.
For specific applications, especially for mixing solids, the two-frame arrangement may be positioned at an angle with respect to a horizontal plane, the angle selected depending on specific needs. Of course, both the respective axes of rotation remain perpendicular.
The above described embodiments do not present all the possible modification of the mixing device of this invention, the modifications being obvious to those skilled in the art~
Claims (7)
1. A device for mixing materials within a container comprising: a base, a first frame mounted on said base to rotate relative thereto about a first axis, drive means in engagement with said first frame for rotating same, a second frame pivotally secured to the first frame to rotate relative to the first frame about a second axis extending generally perpendicularly with respect to said first axis, a wheel-like member fixedly secured to the second frame coaxially to said second axis to rotate therewith about the second axis, a circular raceway with a plane is perpendicular to said first axis, said wheel-like member bearing against said raceway.
2. A device as defined in Claim 1 in which said second frame is provided with means to secure at least one container within same.
3. A device as defined in Claim 1 or 2 wherein said securing means permits positioning the container in various places.
4. A device as defined in Claim 1 in which said wheel-like member is in frictional engagement with said raceway.
5. A device as defined in Claims 1 - 4 in which said wheel-like member constitutes an integral part of said second frame which is adapted to support a container thereon.
6. A device as defined in Claim 1, in which at least one of said frames is of open design.
7. A device as claimed in Claims 1, 2 or 6 in which one of said axes of rotation is inclined to a horizontal plane.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA000457839A CA1246053A (en) | 1984-06-29 | 1984-06-29 | Rotating tumbler operating about substantially mutually orthogonal axes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA000457839A CA1246053A (en) | 1984-06-29 | 1984-06-29 | Rotating tumbler operating about substantially mutually orthogonal axes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1246053A true CA1246053A (en) | 1988-12-06 |
Family
ID=4128206
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000457839A Expired CA1246053A (en) | 1984-06-29 | 1984-06-29 | Rotating tumbler operating about substantially mutually orthogonal axes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA1246053A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990002002A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Bacra Technology Pty Ltd | Bi-axial iso container rotating apparatus |
US11883359B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2024-01-30 | Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc. | Adapter for use in a planetary mixer |
-
1984
- 1984-06-29 CA CA000457839A patent/CA1246053A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990002002A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Bacra Technology Pty Ltd | Bi-axial iso container rotating apparatus |
US11883359B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2024-01-30 | Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc. | Adapter for use in a planetary mixer |
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