CA1235030A - Apparatus for focused use of sun rays - Google Patents
Apparatus for focused use of sun raysInfo
- Publication number
- CA1235030A CA1235030A CA000425251A CA425251A CA1235030A CA 1235030 A CA1235030 A CA 1235030A CA 000425251 A CA000425251 A CA 000425251A CA 425251 A CA425251 A CA 425251A CA 1235030 A CA1235030 A CA 1235030A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- mirror
- concave mirror
- space
- concave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A concave mirror, cooperating with a convex mirror on its focus line, is hingedly mounted on one side of a slot in the top wall of a heat-insulated space. The concave mirror has the shape of a surface described by a straight line which moves parallel with said slot on a directrix which forms at the most half of a parabola. The hinge axis of said mirror passes by the parabola vertex.
A second concave mirror is hingedly mounted on the other side of the slot and cooperates with a horizontal plane mirror and a small pivotable mirror.
A concave mirror, cooperating with a convex mirror on its focus line, is hingedly mounted on one side of a slot in the top wall of a heat-insulated space. The concave mirror has the shape of a surface described by a straight line which moves parallel with said slot on a directrix which forms at the most half of a parabola. The hinge axis of said mirror passes by the parabola vertex.
A second concave mirror is hingedly mounted on the other side of the slot and cooperates with a horizontal plane mirror and a small pivotable mirror.
Description
I
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to an apparatus for focused use of sun rays, which apparatus comprises a heat-insulated closed space with opaque walls, which is provided on the upper side thereof with at least one slot for the sun rays, an oblong concave mirror for receiving and reflecting said sun rays, which extends mainly on one side of the slot with its lengthwise direction in parallel relationship with said slot and which is hingedly mounted above said space, around a hinge axis which lies near the lowermost lengthwise edge thereon, and an oblong additional mirror which is arranged substantially on the locus line of said concave mirror and with the reflecting surface thereof facing the reflecting surface of said concave mirror and said slot -to reflect par-t at least of those sun rays collected and reflected by said concave mirror, -through said slot into said space.
In apparatus of this kind, the concave mirror receives the sun rays which are then further focused at Yeast by the additional mirror and fed through the slot into the hollow space where they may for example be spree to irradiate plants grown inside said space.
The invention has for object to provide an apparatus for using focused sun rays owe the above mentioned kind which can collect in all conditions an optimized amount of sun rays into said space.
I
3 I; ho Tie INVENTION
For this purpose, the concave minor is in the shape of a surface which is described by a straight line which moves Lo parallel relationship with said slot on a directrix which forms at the most half of a parabola.
Preferably said concave mirror is hingedly mounted above said space about a hinge axis which extends in parallel relationship with the slot and passes by the parabola vertex.
In a remarkable embodiment of -the invention, the apparatus comprises a second oblong concave mirror for collecting and reflecting indirect sun radiation, which is mounted opposite said first concave mirror above said space, extends with the lengthwise direction -thereof 15 in parallel relationship with said slot, faces with the reflecting surface thereon said slot, and is hingedly mounted relative to said space about a hinge axis which runs in parallel relationship with said slot near the lowermost eye thereof and on the other slot side as 20 the side along which said first concave mirror mainly Issue.
In this embodiment, not only direct sun radiation but also indirect sun radiation, for example with an overcast sky, can be reflected through said slot in-to said 25 space. The amount of sun energy brought into the space ~2~5~
can be considerably increased, particularly in certain countries with a limited number of sunny days.
l'he.apparatus preferably comprises further a plane mirror cooperating with the second concave mlrror,which plane mirror is mounted above said space on the same side as the hinge axis ox the second concave mirror relative to the slot, underneath said second concave mirror, and the reflecting surface thereon races the concave reflecting surface ox said second concave mirror.
In a preferred embodiment ox the invention, the apparatus comprises in the slot two mirrors err collecting that radiation reflected towards the slot and leading same through the slot to the space inner side, said mirrors extending opposite one another aloncJ the slot lenythwlse direction, reflecting towards one another end converging towards the space inner side.
In this embodiment, the concave mirror and possibly the second concave mirror do not have necessarily to be mounted directly on the top space side. When said mirrors are mounted sum distance above said space also, the mirrors inside the 510t which may possibly extend above -the top space side, insure that the radiation still reaches the winner side of said space.
Other details and advantages owe the invention will stand out from the following description ox an apparatus for focused use ox sun rays according to the I
invention; this description is only given by way of example and does not limit the invention; the reference numerals pertain to the accompanying drawings.
THE D RAW IN S
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side view of an apparatus for focused use of sun rays, according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-section along line II-II
in figure 1, but drawn on a larger scale.
Figure 3 shows a detail from the cross-section in figure 2, but on a still larger scale and with parts cut-away.
Figt,lre 4 is a cross-section along line IV-IV
in figure 1, also drawn on a larger scale.
Figure 5 is a cross-section along line V-V in figure 1, drawn on the same scale as figure 3.
In the various figures the same reference numerals pertain to the same elements.
I
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The apparatus for focused use of sun rays as shown inn the figures comprises a beam-like hea-t-insulatec'l closed spook l Wil:i.CIl it bourlclod by a bittern 2, two ~Ipstand:i.rlcJ
walls 3 thereon and a horizontal top wall 4. The bottom 2 I
its made from the ground proper or as shown in the figures, from a floor of heat-lnsulating material, such as insulation concrete. The upstanding walls 3 and the top wall 4 are made Eros opaque insulating material, such as polystyrene.
Said walls 3 and 4 are supported by or made fast -to a metal frame 5 which is anchored in the ground. On the inner side thereof the walls 3 and 4 are reflecting and are coated therefore for example with mirrors or aluminum foil. Said walls 3 and 4 spread those sun rays entering the closed space l, in all directions.
The Sloan rays can enter said space 1 but through a slot 6 which extends along the lengthwise direction of space 1, in the center of top wall 4, over the whole length thereof. The sun rays have consequently to be collected, focused and lead to slot 6, which is obtained with a number of oblong mirrors which are mounted above said space 1 and which extend with the lengthwise direction thereof in parallel relationship with slot 6, that is thus along the lengthwise direction of space 1.
A first mirror 7 is a concave mirror in the Norm of a surface which is described by a straight line which moves in parallel relationship with slot I, on a directrix which forms substantially half a parabola. Said parabola may be refined with formula y = x . cm, whereby x is the tangent to the parabola in the vertex thereof, I I
and y is the symmetry axis of said parabola. Said kink mirror is mace fast to a frame 8 from metal tubes which extend respectively along tune lengthwise direction and the parclholic.llly-cllrved cross direction of mirror one the lower side thereof. The mirror 7 is for example formed by a foil from polished aluminum. Said frame is then preferably made from aluminum tubes and the foil is welded to said frame or fastened by means of rivets. Those two parabolically-curved tubes from frame 8 which lie at the lo end, project somewhat outside the lowermost lengthwise edge of mirror 7. By means of said projecting tube ends, the concave mirror 7 is hingedly mounted about a geometrical hinge axis ') which extends in parallel relationship with slot 6 and through the parabola vertex. On -the projecting end of each said latter tubes from frame stand therefore an outwarclly-directed journal 10 which runs along the lengthwise direction of mirror 7 and is supported in a support if which is borne by a pillar 12. At each short end of said space l, such a pillar 12 is hastened with the foot thereof, by means ox two clamps lo, -to a section from frame 5 which extends along the cross-wise direction below top wall I.
Lowe hinge axis 9 lies some distance above top wall I, directly above slot 6. To avoid concave mirror 7 hampering or preventing access to slot 6 for part of Jo 3 5 the sun rays, said mirror 7 ends a short distance away from hinge axis 9.
Hinging and retaining in required position of said concave mirror 7 occurs by means of two jack devices, one at each end from mirror 7. Mach jack device comprises screw-threaded rod I which is screwed next to a lengthwise tube from frame 8, through a small block 15 which rotatable surrounds said lengthwise tube. The lower-most end of rod 14 is connected to the axle of a motor 19, the house of which it provided with a journal 16 which runs in parallel relationship with the hinge axis 9 and which bears in a support 17 which is mounted on a pillar 18 in the same way as said support 11. me motors 19 for both jack devices are so synchronized that both rods 14 are driven at the same time and in the corresponding direction. The pillars I are made fast in the same way a the pillars 12 on frame 5, but some distance away from pillars 12 on that side the concave mirror extends along.
Sail pillars I extend through top wall 4. When both rods 14 are driven, -the small blocks 15 move over said rods 14 whereby thus frame and consequently also concave mirror 7 tilts about hinge axis 9. The concave mirror 7 is naturally always so located as to direct the parabola symmetry axis towards the sun.
The concave mirror 7 cooperates with a convex I
mirror 20 which is arranged substanticllly on -the focus line o-f mirror 7, namely accurately on said focus line or somewhat on the side of mirror 7 Thor. Those sun wrier collected by concave mirror 7 are thus convergently relocated towards convex mirror 20 which in turn reflects said rays in parallel relationship with one another or converging towards slot 6. The convex mirror 20 is formed by a curved reflecting plate, for instance an aluminum plate which is provided on the concave top side thereof with strengthening ribs. Said convex mirror 20 is retained in the suitable position relative -to concave mirror 7 my means of two battens 21, one on each short end of mirrors 7 and 20. Each batten 21 is hingedly secured with the laurels end t~lereo~, by means of a hinge pin I to an outermost cross-tube of Lame I, and it is hinged fastened with the other end thereof, by means of a hinge pin 23, to the one end of convex mirror 20. The bat-ten 21 is somewhat clamped on the hinge pins 22 and 23, in such a way that without external forces on batten 21 or mirror 20, said batten will not swing about said pins. The convex mirror 20 is thus actually adjustable relative to concave mirror 7 for reflecting the maximum amount of sun rays towards slot 6, or when required to adjust the amount of sun rays falling into slot 6, but without acting either on convex mirror 20 or bat-tens 21, the convex mirror So 3 - Jo -will always take -the same position relative to concave mirror 7. Adjusting of convex mirror 20 may occur once and owe all by hind, For example when assembling the apparatus.
When an adju3temen-t is also desired during the operation of the apparatus, such adjustment may occur from the round for example by means of an electric motor, cables or similar, not shown in the Figures.
Said concave mirror 7 and convex mirror 20 insure collecting and reflecting to slot 6 of the direct sun radiation. To be able to use also indirect sun radiation, for example with an overcast sky, a second concave mirror 24 has further been arranged above space 1. Said second concave mirror is in the shape of a small portion namely somewhat less than 1/8 of a cylinder surface with a long radius, Lo which preferably reaches about 220 cm. Said concave mirror 24 it similar in structure to concave mirror 7 and is also made vast in the same way -to a frame 25 which is formed by round metal tubes. Said concave mirror 24 is for example also made Eros aluminum foil which is welded or secured with rivets on an aluminum tube frame 25. The concave mirror I lies on the bottom side of frame 25 and the reflecting surface thereof faces downwards, that is -towards slot I Said concave mirror I is also hingedly mounted about a geometrical axis 26 which runs in parallel relation-whip with slot 6 and lies next to the lowermost edge ox said I
mirror I The hinged mounting of mirror I is obtained duo to cross-tubes from frame 25 lying at -the short ends of mirror I projecting outside the lowermost lengthwise edge of mirror I and being provided on the end thereof with outwardly directed journals 27 which bear in the same way as journals 10 in a support 2~3. Both supports I
are borne in the same way us supports 11, by a pillar 29.
On each short end of space l stands, a-t a distance prom a pillar 12, such a pillar 29 which is identical with a pillar 12 and is made fast in the same way by means of clamps 13, on the same cross-wise section of frame 5.
Said pillar 29 extends outside above top wall I. On each short end of the apparatus lies a support 28 level with a support if. Both said supports if and 28 are further connected together by a horizontal section 30.
Said concave mirror 24 is mechanically connected at both short ends thereof, by means of a batten 31, -to the corresponding short end of said concave mirror 7.
Mach batten 31 is Handel connected by means ox a hinge pin 32, to frame 25 adjacent the uppermost edge of concave mirror I and is hingedly connected by means of a hinge pin 33 some distance away from the uppermost edge of concave mirror 7, to a lengthwise tube Erom:.~rame 8. Said concave mirror 24 is consequently swung about the hinge US axis 26 thereof each time the concave mirror 7 is swung about the hinge axis 9 thereof by said jack devices 1~--19.
I I
Said concave mirror 24 cooperates with a flat mirror I which is arranged horizontally on the side of said concave mirror relative to slot 6 anal thus below said concave mirror 24, and is secured to the top side of two sockets 30.
The slot 6 converges downwards. Inside said riot 6 are lounged two slat mirrors 35 and 36 running along the slot lengthwise direction and the reflecting sides ox which face one another. Both mirrors 35 and 36 project on the lo top side above top wall respectively up to against said concave mirror 7 when same has been swung to the lowermost position thereon, and nearly to against the horizontal flat mirror 34. The *fat mirror 35 is made fast against that flat side wall of slot 6 lying on the side of concave mirror 7, for instance by gluing. In ye lowermost position thereof, that is the position as shown in the figures said mirror 7 extends barely past the uppermost edge of said fixed mirror 35. The other flat mirror 36 is made fast with the lowermost eye thereof, by means of hinges Tao tile cruises sections of name 5 and the angle thereon inside slot 6 is thus adjustable. adjusting of mirror 36 may occur once and -or all during the assembly, in which case the top wall may reach up to against said mirror Andy said mirror 36 may be secured to said -top wall I, for I instills by gluing. The flat mirror 36 may also remain I .3 adjustable during the operation of the apparatus. The hinges 37 are then of a type which opposes enough resistance to retain said mirror 36 in position once the mirror has been adjusted, but still let said mirror hinge when a strong encage errs is exerted. Both top wall and horizontal flat mirror 34 are so arranged as to reach against or nearly against said flat mirror 36 when said mirror 36 lies at the smallest angle thereof, as shown in dotted finest in figure 1.
In any case both mirrors 35 and 36 form a funnel which leads those sun rays reflected by convex mirror 20 and second concave mirror 24, through slot 6 into space 1.
In some cases, for instance in Northern countries, entering of that sun radiation reflected by the second I concave mirror I in-to said slot 6 is further enhanced by a small flat mirror 38 which runs with the lengthwise direction -thereof in parallel relationship with said slot and the reflecting surface of which peaces both -the second concave mirror I and the elite mirror 36~ The mirror 38 which may be made as well as horizontal mirror I of a rl:.tElecting foil, for example an aluminum foil, is adjustable yin the angle Thor about a hinge axis 39 running along the lengthwise direction of the slot, to be able to reelect always according to the position of said concave mirror I
that radiation reelected by mirror I -towards the flat ~3.~3~
mirror 36. Said hinge axis 39 is formed by a rod which is made fast to the back side of mirror 38 and which bears with both ens thereof in both supports 11, in the immediate vicinity of hinge axis of concave mirror 7.
Toe hinge axis 39 thus lies precisely above slot button the uppermost ends of both flat mirrors 35 and 36.
With -the above described apparatus it is possible to bring a maximum amount of sun radiation into space 1 substantially in all conditions. Due to the first concave mirror 7 forming in the cross-wise direction but half a parabola and being hingedly mounted adjacent the lowermost edge thereof above space 1, said mirror can collect a maximum amount of sun rays substantially in every position of the sun and thus even with a very low sun. Said space 1 Lo cannot hamper the tilting of concave mirror 7 an said concave mirror may even be mounted kowtow low above space 1, in such a way -that the complete apparatus is relatively low. Due to the shape and the specific mounting of conclave mirror 7, there is also room enough to mount the second concave mirror I and the flat mirror I in such a way that indirect sun radiation may also be collected. In view of the above, the efficiency of the apparatus is kowtow high and said apparatus may also be used in countries Ear away from the equator.
The space 1 is preferably so designed as to have so the slot extend along an East-West direction.
Said space 1 may form as well a greenhouse wherein vulture Budweiser arranged as a par of a heating apparatus or eludes, in which case in said space 1 are mounted one or pa plurality of heat-transfer fluid lines.
Ire invention is in no way limited to the above embodiments and within the scope of the invention many changes may be brought to the described forms of embodiment, notably as regards the shape, composition, arrangement and lo nature of those components being used for embodying the invention.
For instance the mirror which receives -those rays reflected by the firs-t concave mirror to reflect same towards the slot, does not have necessarily to be a convex mirror. When said mirror is mounted accurately on the locus line from -the concave mirror, it may be flat and when said mirror is mounted somewhat on that side no-moved from the concave mirror of said ekes lunate may be concave. When the mirror is convey, the mirror cross-section is preferably in the shape of flattened parabola.
The second concave mirror does not have necessarily to form a portion of a cylinder. Said mirror may also have a parabolic cross-section or such a cross-sec-ticn as to connect with the lowermost Ed whereof to the uppermost edge of a flat mirror inside said slot.
:~35~
When mention it made hereinabove of a concave or convex mirror, this should no-t be construed as meaninct necessarily a mirror with a geometrically perfect curved surface. The mirror may also he comprised of segments and but approxima~0 said curved shape. The mirror may thus have a cross-sectlon which forms a polygon which inscribes or circumscribes the ~eometrically-perfect arc shape, for example the parabola.
In the top wall of the space, a plurality of slots may also be provided. To bring a maximized indirect radiation into said space, all of the slots are preferably coated with down-conver~ing mirrors.
Above said space a plurality of concave mirrors for the direct radiation may also be mounted. In some cases, for example on the equator, two such mirrors may be arranged on either side of one and the same slot with the reflecting sides thereof opposite one another, whereby then both concave mirrors cooperate with one and the same convex mirror, but at any moment but one concave mirror I is beincJ used. An additional concave mirror for indirect radiation is then naturally it provided.
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to an apparatus for focused use of sun rays, which apparatus comprises a heat-insulated closed space with opaque walls, which is provided on the upper side thereof with at least one slot for the sun rays, an oblong concave mirror for receiving and reflecting said sun rays, which extends mainly on one side of the slot with its lengthwise direction in parallel relationship with said slot and which is hingedly mounted above said space, around a hinge axis which lies near the lowermost lengthwise edge thereon, and an oblong additional mirror which is arranged substantially on the locus line of said concave mirror and with the reflecting surface thereof facing the reflecting surface of said concave mirror and said slot -to reflect par-t at least of those sun rays collected and reflected by said concave mirror, -through said slot into said space.
In apparatus of this kind, the concave mirror receives the sun rays which are then further focused at Yeast by the additional mirror and fed through the slot into the hollow space where they may for example be spree to irradiate plants grown inside said space.
The invention has for object to provide an apparatus for using focused sun rays owe the above mentioned kind which can collect in all conditions an optimized amount of sun rays into said space.
I
3 I; ho Tie INVENTION
For this purpose, the concave minor is in the shape of a surface which is described by a straight line which moves Lo parallel relationship with said slot on a directrix which forms at the most half of a parabola.
Preferably said concave mirror is hingedly mounted above said space about a hinge axis which extends in parallel relationship with the slot and passes by the parabola vertex.
In a remarkable embodiment of -the invention, the apparatus comprises a second oblong concave mirror for collecting and reflecting indirect sun radiation, which is mounted opposite said first concave mirror above said space, extends with the lengthwise direction -thereof 15 in parallel relationship with said slot, faces with the reflecting surface thereon said slot, and is hingedly mounted relative to said space about a hinge axis which runs in parallel relationship with said slot near the lowermost eye thereof and on the other slot side as 20 the side along which said first concave mirror mainly Issue.
In this embodiment, not only direct sun radiation but also indirect sun radiation, for example with an overcast sky, can be reflected through said slot in-to said 25 space. The amount of sun energy brought into the space ~2~5~
can be considerably increased, particularly in certain countries with a limited number of sunny days.
l'he.apparatus preferably comprises further a plane mirror cooperating with the second concave mlrror,which plane mirror is mounted above said space on the same side as the hinge axis ox the second concave mirror relative to the slot, underneath said second concave mirror, and the reflecting surface thereon races the concave reflecting surface ox said second concave mirror.
In a preferred embodiment ox the invention, the apparatus comprises in the slot two mirrors err collecting that radiation reflected towards the slot and leading same through the slot to the space inner side, said mirrors extending opposite one another aloncJ the slot lenythwlse direction, reflecting towards one another end converging towards the space inner side.
In this embodiment, the concave mirror and possibly the second concave mirror do not have necessarily to be mounted directly on the top space side. When said mirrors are mounted sum distance above said space also, the mirrors inside the 510t which may possibly extend above -the top space side, insure that the radiation still reaches the winner side of said space.
Other details and advantages owe the invention will stand out from the following description ox an apparatus for focused use ox sun rays according to the I
invention; this description is only given by way of example and does not limit the invention; the reference numerals pertain to the accompanying drawings.
THE D RAW IN S
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side view of an apparatus for focused use of sun rays, according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-section along line II-II
in figure 1, but drawn on a larger scale.
Figure 3 shows a detail from the cross-section in figure 2, but on a still larger scale and with parts cut-away.
Figt,lre 4 is a cross-section along line IV-IV
in figure 1, also drawn on a larger scale.
Figure 5 is a cross-section along line V-V in figure 1, drawn on the same scale as figure 3.
In the various figures the same reference numerals pertain to the same elements.
I
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The apparatus for focused use of sun rays as shown inn the figures comprises a beam-like hea-t-insulatec'l closed spook l Wil:i.CIl it bourlclod by a bittern 2, two ~Ipstand:i.rlcJ
walls 3 thereon and a horizontal top wall 4. The bottom 2 I
its made from the ground proper or as shown in the figures, from a floor of heat-lnsulating material, such as insulation concrete. The upstanding walls 3 and the top wall 4 are made Eros opaque insulating material, such as polystyrene.
Said walls 3 and 4 are supported by or made fast -to a metal frame 5 which is anchored in the ground. On the inner side thereof the walls 3 and 4 are reflecting and are coated therefore for example with mirrors or aluminum foil. Said walls 3 and 4 spread those sun rays entering the closed space l, in all directions.
The Sloan rays can enter said space 1 but through a slot 6 which extends along the lengthwise direction of space 1, in the center of top wall 4, over the whole length thereof. The sun rays have consequently to be collected, focused and lead to slot 6, which is obtained with a number of oblong mirrors which are mounted above said space 1 and which extend with the lengthwise direction thereof in parallel relationship with slot 6, that is thus along the lengthwise direction of space 1.
A first mirror 7 is a concave mirror in the Norm of a surface which is described by a straight line which moves in parallel relationship with slot I, on a directrix which forms substantially half a parabola. Said parabola may be refined with formula y = x . cm, whereby x is the tangent to the parabola in the vertex thereof, I I
and y is the symmetry axis of said parabola. Said kink mirror is mace fast to a frame 8 from metal tubes which extend respectively along tune lengthwise direction and the parclholic.llly-cllrved cross direction of mirror one the lower side thereof. The mirror 7 is for example formed by a foil from polished aluminum. Said frame is then preferably made from aluminum tubes and the foil is welded to said frame or fastened by means of rivets. Those two parabolically-curved tubes from frame 8 which lie at the lo end, project somewhat outside the lowermost lengthwise edge of mirror 7. By means of said projecting tube ends, the concave mirror 7 is hingedly mounted about a geometrical hinge axis ') which extends in parallel relationship with slot 6 and through the parabola vertex. On -the projecting end of each said latter tubes from frame stand therefore an outwarclly-directed journal 10 which runs along the lengthwise direction of mirror 7 and is supported in a support if which is borne by a pillar 12. At each short end of said space l, such a pillar 12 is hastened with the foot thereof, by means ox two clamps lo, -to a section from frame 5 which extends along the cross-wise direction below top wall I.
Lowe hinge axis 9 lies some distance above top wall I, directly above slot 6. To avoid concave mirror 7 hampering or preventing access to slot 6 for part of Jo 3 5 the sun rays, said mirror 7 ends a short distance away from hinge axis 9.
Hinging and retaining in required position of said concave mirror 7 occurs by means of two jack devices, one at each end from mirror 7. Mach jack device comprises screw-threaded rod I which is screwed next to a lengthwise tube from frame 8, through a small block 15 which rotatable surrounds said lengthwise tube. The lower-most end of rod 14 is connected to the axle of a motor 19, the house of which it provided with a journal 16 which runs in parallel relationship with the hinge axis 9 and which bears in a support 17 which is mounted on a pillar 18 in the same way as said support 11. me motors 19 for both jack devices are so synchronized that both rods 14 are driven at the same time and in the corresponding direction. The pillars I are made fast in the same way a the pillars 12 on frame 5, but some distance away from pillars 12 on that side the concave mirror extends along.
Sail pillars I extend through top wall 4. When both rods 14 are driven, -the small blocks 15 move over said rods 14 whereby thus frame and consequently also concave mirror 7 tilts about hinge axis 9. The concave mirror 7 is naturally always so located as to direct the parabola symmetry axis towards the sun.
The concave mirror 7 cooperates with a convex I
mirror 20 which is arranged substanticllly on -the focus line o-f mirror 7, namely accurately on said focus line or somewhat on the side of mirror 7 Thor. Those sun wrier collected by concave mirror 7 are thus convergently relocated towards convex mirror 20 which in turn reflects said rays in parallel relationship with one another or converging towards slot 6. The convex mirror 20 is formed by a curved reflecting plate, for instance an aluminum plate which is provided on the concave top side thereof with strengthening ribs. Said convex mirror 20 is retained in the suitable position relative -to concave mirror 7 my means of two battens 21, one on each short end of mirrors 7 and 20. Each batten 21 is hingedly secured with the laurels end t~lereo~, by means of a hinge pin I to an outermost cross-tube of Lame I, and it is hinged fastened with the other end thereof, by means of a hinge pin 23, to the one end of convex mirror 20. The bat-ten 21 is somewhat clamped on the hinge pins 22 and 23, in such a way that without external forces on batten 21 or mirror 20, said batten will not swing about said pins. The convex mirror 20 is thus actually adjustable relative to concave mirror 7 for reflecting the maximum amount of sun rays towards slot 6, or when required to adjust the amount of sun rays falling into slot 6, but without acting either on convex mirror 20 or bat-tens 21, the convex mirror So 3 - Jo -will always take -the same position relative to concave mirror 7. Adjusting of convex mirror 20 may occur once and owe all by hind, For example when assembling the apparatus.
When an adju3temen-t is also desired during the operation of the apparatus, such adjustment may occur from the round for example by means of an electric motor, cables or similar, not shown in the Figures.
Said concave mirror 7 and convex mirror 20 insure collecting and reflecting to slot 6 of the direct sun radiation. To be able to use also indirect sun radiation, for example with an overcast sky, a second concave mirror 24 has further been arranged above space 1. Said second concave mirror is in the shape of a small portion namely somewhat less than 1/8 of a cylinder surface with a long radius, Lo which preferably reaches about 220 cm. Said concave mirror 24 it similar in structure to concave mirror 7 and is also made vast in the same way -to a frame 25 which is formed by round metal tubes. Said concave mirror 24 is for example also made Eros aluminum foil which is welded or secured with rivets on an aluminum tube frame 25. The concave mirror I lies on the bottom side of frame 25 and the reflecting surface thereof faces downwards, that is -towards slot I Said concave mirror I is also hingedly mounted about a geometrical axis 26 which runs in parallel relation-whip with slot 6 and lies next to the lowermost edge ox said I
mirror I The hinged mounting of mirror I is obtained duo to cross-tubes from frame 25 lying at -the short ends of mirror I projecting outside the lowermost lengthwise edge of mirror I and being provided on the end thereof with outwardly directed journals 27 which bear in the same way as journals 10 in a support 2~3. Both supports I
are borne in the same way us supports 11, by a pillar 29.
On each short end of space l stands, a-t a distance prom a pillar 12, such a pillar 29 which is identical with a pillar 12 and is made fast in the same way by means of clamps 13, on the same cross-wise section of frame 5.
Said pillar 29 extends outside above top wall I. On each short end of the apparatus lies a support 28 level with a support if. Both said supports if and 28 are further connected together by a horizontal section 30.
Said concave mirror 24 is mechanically connected at both short ends thereof, by means of a batten 31, -to the corresponding short end of said concave mirror 7.
Mach batten 31 is Handel connected by means ox a hinge pin 32, to frame 25 adjacent the uppermost edge of concave mirror I and is hingedly connected by means of a hinge pin 33 some distance away from the uppermost edge of concave mirror 7, to a lengthwise tube Erom:.~rame 8. Said concave mirror 24 is consequently swung about the hinge US axis 26 thereof each time the concave mirror 7 is swung about the hinge axis 9 thereof by said jack devices 1~--19.
I I
Said concave mirror 24 cooperates with a flat mirror I which is arranged horizontally on the side of said concave mirror relative to slot 6 anal thus below said concave mirror 24, and is secured to the top side of two sockets 30.
The slot 6 converges downwards. Inside said riot 6 are lounged two slat mirrors 35 and 36 running along the slot lengthwise direction and the reflecting sides ox which face one another. Both mirrors 35 and 36 project on the lo top side above top wall respectively up to against said concave mirror 7 when same has been swung to the lowermost position thereon, and nearly to against the horizontal flat mirror 34. The *fat mirror 35 is made fast against that flat side wall of slot 6 lying on the side of concave mirror 7, for instance by gluing. In ye lowermost position thereof, that is the position as shown in the figures said mirror 7 extends barely past the uppermost edge of said fixed mirror 35. The other flat mirror 36 is made fast with the lowermost eye thereof, by means of hinges Tao tile cruises sections of name 5 and the angle thereon inside slot 6 is thus adjustable. adjusting of mirror 36 may occur once and -or all during the assembly, in which case the top wall may reach up to against said mirror Andy said mirror 36 may be secured to said -top wall I, for I instills by gluing. The flat mirror 36 may also remain I .3 adjustable during the operation of the apparatus. The hinges 37 are then of a type which opposes enough resistance to retain said mirror 36 in position once the mirror has been adjusted, but still let said mirror hinge when a strong encage errs is exerted. Both top wall and horizontal flat mirror 34 are so arranged as to reach against or nearly against said flat mirror 36 when said mirror 36 lies at the smallest angle thereof, as shown in dotted finest in figure 1.
In any case both mirrors 35 and 36 form a funnel which leads those sun rays reflected by convex mirror 20 and second concave mirror 24, through slot 6 into space 1.
In some cases, for instance in Northern countries, entering of that sun radiation reflected by the second I concave mirror I in-to said slot 6 is further enhanced by a small flat mirror 38 which runs with the lengthwise direction -thereof in parallel relationship with said slot and the reflecting surface of which peaces both -the second concave mirror I and the elite mirror 36~ The mirror 38 which may be made as well as horizontal mirror I of a rl:.tElecting foil, for example an aluminum foil, is adjustable yin the angle Thor about a hinge axis 39 running along the lengthwise direction of the slot, to be able to reelect always according to the position of said concave mirror I
that radiation reelected by mirror I -towards the flat ~3.~3~
mirror 36. Said hinge axis 39 is formed by a rod which is made fast to the back side of mirror 38 and which bears with both ens thereof in both supports 11, in the immediate vicinity of hinge axis of concave mirror 7.
Toe hinge axis 39 thus lies precisely above slot button the uppermost ends of both flat mirrors 35 and 36.
With -the above described apparatus it is possible to bring a maximum amount of sun radiation into space 1 substantially in all conditions. Due to the first concave mirror 7 forming in the cross-wise direction but half a parabola and being hingedly mounted adjacent the lowermost edge thereof above space 1, said mirror can collect a maximum amount of sun rays substantially in every position of the sun and thus even with a very low sun. Said space 1 Lo cannot hamper the tilting of concave mirror 7 an said concave mirror may even be mounted kowtow low above space 1, in such a way -that the complete apparatus is relatively low. Due to the shape and the specific mounting of conclave mirror 7, there is also room enough to mount the second concave mirror I and the flat mirror I in such a way that indirect sun radiation may also be collected. In view of the above, the efficiency of the apparatus is kowtow high and said apparatus may also be used in countries Ear away from the equator.
The space 1 is preferably so designed as to have so the slot extend along an East-West direction.
Said space 1 may form as well a greenhouse wherein vulture Budweiser arranged as a par of a heating apparatus or eludes, in which case in said space 1 are mounted one or pa plurality of heat-transfer fluid lines.
Ire invention is in no way limited to the above embodiments and within the scope of the invention many changes may be brought to the described forms of embodiment, notably as regards the shape, composition, arrangement and lo nature of those components being used for embodying the invention.
For instance the mirror which receives -those rays reflected by the firs-t concave mirror to reflect same towards the slot, does not have necessarily to be a convex mirror. When said mirror is mounted accurately on the locus line from -the concave mirror, it may be flat and when said mirror is mounted somewhat on that side no-moved from the concave mirror of said ekes lunate may be concave. When the mirror is convey, the mirror cross-section is preferably in the shape of flattened parabola.
The second concave mirror does not have necessarily to form a portion of a cylinder. Said mirror may also have a parabolic cross-section or such a cross-sec-ticn as to connect with the lowermost Ed whereof to the uppermost edge of a flat mirror inside said slot.
:~35~
When mention it made hereinabove of a concave or convex mirror, this should no-t be construed as meaninct necessarily a mirror with a geometrically perfect curved surface. The mirror may also he comprised of segments and but approxima~0 said curved shape. The mirror may thus have a cross-sectlon which forms a polygon which inscribes or circumscribes the ~eometrically-perfect arc shape, for example the parabola.
In the top wall of the space, a plurality of slots may also be provided. To bring a maximized indirect radiation into said space, all of the slots are preferably coated with down-conver~ing mirrors.
Above said space a plurality of concave mirrors for the direct radiation may also be mounted. In some cases, for example on the equator, two such mirrors may be arranged on either side of one and the same slot with the reflecting sides thereof opposite one another, whereby then both concave mirrors cooperate with one and the same convex mirror, but at any moment but one concave mirror I is beincJ used. An additional concave mirror for indirect radiation is then naturally it provided.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for focused use of sun rays, which apparatus comprises :
- a heat-insulated closed space with opaque walls,which is provided on the upper side thereof with at least one slot for the sun rays, - an oblong concave mirror presenting a reflecting surface for receiving and reflecting said sun rays, which mirror extends mainly on one side of the slot with its lengthwise direction in parallel relationship with said slot, which mirror is hingedly mounted above said space, around a hinge axis which lies near its lowermost lengthwise edge, and which mirror is in the shape of a surface which is described by a straight line which moves in parallel relationship with said slot on a directrix which forms at the most half of a para-bola,and - an oblong additional mirror which is arranged substantial-ly on the focus line of said concave mirror and comprises a reflecting surface facing the reflecting surface of said concave mirror and said slot to reflect part at least of those sun rays collected and reflected by said concave mirror, through said slot into said space.
- a heat-insulated closed space with opaque walls,which is provided on the upper side thereof with at least one slot for the sun rays, - an oblong concave mirror presenting a reflecting surface for receiving and reflecting said sun rays, which mirror extends mainly on one side of the slot with its lengthwise direction in parallel relationship with said slot, which mirror is hingedly mounted above said space, around a hinge axis which lies near its lowermost lengthwise edge, and which mirror is in the shape of a surface which is described by a straight line which moves in parallel relationship with said slot on a directrix which forms at the most half of a para-bola,and - an oblong additional mirror which is arranged substantial-ly on the focus line of said concave mirror and comprises a reflecting surface facing the reflecting surface of said concave mirror and said slot to reflect part at least of those sun rays collected and reflected by said concave mirror, through said slot into said space.
2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1,in which said concave mirror is hingedly mounted above said space about a hinge axis which extends in parallel relationship with said slot and passes by the parabola vertex.
3 An apparatus as defined in claim 1, which further comprises a second oblong concave mirror for collecting and reflecting indirect sun radiaton, which second concave mirror is mounted opposite said first concave mirror above said space, extends with the lengthwise direction thereof in parallel relationship with said slot, comprises a reflecting surface facing said slot,and is hingedly mounted relative to said space about a hinge axis which runs in parallel relationship with said slot near the lowermost edge therof and on the other slot side as the side along which said first concave mirror mainly lies.
4. An apparatus as defined in claim 3,which further comprises a plane mirror presenting a reflecting surface and cooperating with said second concave mirror, which plane mirror is mounted above said space on the same side as the hinge axis of said second concave mirror relative to said slot,underneath said second concave mirror, and the reflecting surface thereof faces the concave reflecting surface of said second concave mirror.
5. An apparatus as defined in claim 4, in which said flat mirror is arranged horizontally substantially level with the hinge axis of said second concave mirror, the hinge axes of both said concave mirrors lying substantially level.
6. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, which further comprises a mechanical connection connecting together both said concave mirrors, which connection is hinged relative to both mirrors, in such a way that said mirrors swing together relative to said space.
7. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, in which said second concave mirror is in the shape of a cylinder surface.
8. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, which further comprises a small oblong mirror which is hingedly mounted with the lengthwise direction thereof in parallel relationship with said slot above said slot, to reflect into said slot those sun rays which are collected and reflected by said second concave mirror.
9. An apparatus as defined in claim 1,which further comprises in the slot two mirrors for collecting that radiation reflected towards the slot and leading same through the slot to the space inner side, said mirrors extending opposite one another along the slot lengthwise direction, reflecting towards one another and converging towards the space inner side.
10. An apparatus as fined in claim 9, in which at least one of said converging mirrors is adjustable in the angle thereof inside said slot.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX192225A MX156519A (en) | 1981-04-14 | 1982-04-12 | IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FOCUS ON THE SUN RAYS, FOR EXAMPLE IN THE CULTIVATION OF THE PIANTAS |
| MX192.225 | 1982-04-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1235030A true CA1235030A (en) | 1988-04-12 |
Family
ID=19747961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000425251A Expired CA1235030A (en) | 1982-04-12 | 1983-04-05 | Apparatus for focused use of sun rays |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5969653A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1235030A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK157883A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI831058L (en) |
| GR (1) | GR78824B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO831105L (en) |
| OA (1) | OA08314A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-03-28 NO NO831105A patent/NO831105L/en unknown
- 1983-03-29 FI FI831058A patent/FI831058L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-04-05 CA CA000425251A patent/CA1235030A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-08 GR GR71032A patent/GR78824B/el unknown
- 1983-04-11 JP JP58063525A patent/JPS5969653A/en active Pending
- 1983-04-11 DK DK157883A patent/DK157883A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-12 OA OA57970A patent/OA08314A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI831058L (en) | 1983-10-13 |
| NO831105L (en) | 1983-10-13 |
| DK157883A (en) | 1983-10-13 |
| JPS5969653A (en) | 1984-04-19 |
| DK157883D0 (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| OA08314A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| GR78824B (en) | 1984-10-02 |
| FI831058A0 (en) | 1983-03-29 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |