CA1233698A - Print head actuator for an ink jet printer - Google Patents
Print head actuator for an ink jet printerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1233698A CA1233698A CA000471180A CA471180A CA1233698A CA 1233698 A CA1233698 A CA 1233698A CA 000471180 A CA000471180 A CA 000471180A CA 471180 A CA471180 A CA 471180A CA 1233698 A CA1233698 A CA 1233698A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- sheet
- insulating material
- electrodes
- ink
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract:
The illustrated ink jet includes a chamber containing a quantity of ink discharged through a nozzle orifice in the form of droplets. The ink is discharged in response to movement of an actuator positioned over a chamber opening. The actuator includes a piezoceramic plate, the surfaces of which are covered by electrodes.
Soldered to the electrode is a bending plate which is secured by adhesive to a flexible sheet of insulating material. Control signals are fed through conductors to the electrodes.
The illustrated ink jet includes a chamber containing a quantity of ink discharged through a nozzle orifice in the form of droplets. The ink is discharged in response to movement of an actuator positioned over a chamber opening. The actuator includes a piezoceramic plate, the surfaces of which are covered by electrodes.
Soldered to the electrode is a bending plate which is secured by adhesive to a flexible sheet of insulating material. Control signals are fed through conductors to the electrodes.
Description
6~i8 I
A Print read Actuator For An Ink Jet Printer DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to an actuator for the print head of an ink jet printer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
During the operation of an ink jet printer, droplets of ink are forced from a storage chamber through 10 a nozzle orifice and deposited on a recording medium. One wall of the chamber has an opening which is covered with an actuator. The actuator may be an electromechanical transducer which produces short duration pressure increases in the ink within the chamber forcing droplets of ink 15 through the nozzle orifice. One such actuator is described in U. S. Patent No. 3,747,120 entitled "Arrangement Of Writing mechanisms For Writing On Paper With A Colored Liquid", by N. Stemmer and issued July 17, 1973. As shown in this patent, a metal plate is bonded to a piezoelectric 20 crystal plate. The metal plate is positioned to seal one wall of a chamber containing a small quantity of ink. An electrical field is applied across the thickness of the piezoelectric crystal plate which causes it to radially contract and the composite structure to bend. A large 25 number of such actuators and corresponding chambers are placed in an array to form a print head. The construction of such a print head is particularly difficult since, in accordance with prior teaching, each metal plate and - nl~rkee I
I
piezoelectric crystal combination must be carefully positioned with respect to its cooperating chamber opening.
Conductors are subsequently attached. The ink used is somewhat corrosive and often electrically conductive. The metal plate may corrode when positioned adjacent to the ink contained in the chamber. Further, there is a possibility that ink may leak from the chamber shorting the conductors As described in the aforementioned reference, the bending force of the metal plate is transmitted directly to the ink. The transfer efficiency of energy between the two media is often low due to the large difference in the acoustic impedance of the two media. To overcome such losses, relatively high energy levels must be supplied.
It is an object of this invention to provide an actuator for an ink jet printer which is efficient, readily fabricated and is highly resistive to the corrosive action of ink.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided an actuator for a print head of an ink jet printer in which droplets of ink are discharged through a nozzle orifice in a wall of a chamber for containing a small quantity of ink, the actuator comprising: a piezoelectric crystal plate having first and second opposing surfaces, said piezoelectric plate experiencing a dimensional change when placed in an I I 33~q~
electrical field; first and second electrodes covering portions of said first and second opposing surfaces of said piezoelectric crystal plate; a bending plate with a first surface bonded to the surface of said first conductive electrode; a thin flexible sheet of insulating material having first and second surfaces; a first surface of said sheet of insulating material bonded to a second surface of said bending plate, said bending plate resisting deformation by said piezoelectric crystal plate in response to an electrical potential difference applied to said electrodes; said sheet of insulating material being positioned so that said second surface of said sheet of insulating material is disposed over an opening in the wall of said chamber; and means for securing said second It surface of said sheet of insulating material to the wall of said chamber around the periphery of said opening whereby the actuator decreases the volume of the chamber in response to an electrical potential difference applied across said first and second electrodes causing the discharge of droplets of ink through said nozzle orifice.
THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a portion of an ink jet printer including a print head assembly embodying certain features of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the portion of the print head assembly taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 illustrating a first operating condition of a component of the print head assembly of FIG. l;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 3 illustrating a second operating condition of a component of the print head assembly of FIG. l; and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of certain of the components ox the print head assembly of FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An ink jet printer 10, illustrated in FIG. 1, includes a drum 12 supporting and transporting a recording medium 13. The printer 10 also includes a frame 16 carrying a print head assembly 18 including a plurality of ink jets 19. The frame 16 is supported by a pair of guide rails 21 for movement along a predetermined path. For a more complete description of the illustrated frame 16 and drum 12, the reader is directed to cop ending Canadian Patent Application No. 445,897 filed January 23, 1984 entitled "Ink Jet Printer" by D. B. Derek et at and having a common assignee with this application. The print head assembly 18 includes a cavity block 20 having a plurality of open ended cylindrical chambers 22 in communication through passages 24 with ink supply reservoirs 26. The chambers 22 are arranged in a linear array with the axis of each chamber 22 normal to the surfaces of the cavity block 20.
-pa-One of the ink jets 19 is illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. As shown, the end of the chamber 22, disposed toward the drum 12, is covered with a nozzle 29 including a nozzle plate 25 having a tapered passage 27 terminating in a nozzle orifice 28. The nozzle plate 25 is secured to the cavity block by an adhesive 30. A polysulfide rubber compound has been found to be a suitable adhesive. The exposed surface of the nozzle plate 25 is covered with a layer of anti-wetting film 32 which prevents the ink droplets from wetting the surface of the nozzle plate 25 thus assuring movement of the droplets toward the print medium 13 after passing through the nozzle orifice 28.
The opposite end of the chamber 22 is covered with an actuator 50 which has a layered construction. The first I
1 layer of the actuator 50 is a single, thin sheet of insulate in material 52. A suitable insulating material is a polyamide material sold under the trademark KITTEN by I Dupont DeNemours and Company. Other suitable material 5 include a wide range of polymers such as polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and polytetra-fluoroethylene. KITTEN is particularly suitable due to its ability to efficiently transmit movement to the ink 54 with-out generating excessive reflected waves. The acoustic 10 impedance characteristics of KITTEN are quite similar to the acoustic impedance characteristics of liquid ink thus pro-voiding efficient energy transfer between the two media. A
bending plate 56 is bonded with an adhesive layer 58 to the surface of the sheet of insulating material 52 and is post-15 toned over the opening in the chamber 22. One material among many which are suitable for the bending plate 56 is nickel. Nickel provides desired stiffness, conductivity, and solder~bility. Connected to the bending plate So, continuing over the surface of the insulated sheet 52 and 20 secured thereto by the adhesive layer 58, it a ribbon conductor 59 which is also connected to a printer control circuit (not shown). The bending plate 56 and ribbon conductor 59 may be integral, that is, both may be formed of the same material.
The actuator 50 additionally includes a pus-electric crystal plate 60 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is piezoceramic. The surfaces of the pus-electric plate 60 are coated with a thin metallic film Derek 2-1-1 3~3 1 providing two opposing electrodes 62, 64. Electroless nickel has been found to be a satisfactory material for the electrodes. The first electrode 62 is secured with solder 66 to the bending plate 56. Conductive epoxy has also been 5 found suitable The print head assembly 18 also includes a second conductor 72 having a plurality of fingers 81, aye, and 81b.
One of the fingers 81 is bonded by solder 80 to the second electrode 64 of the actuator 50. The conductor 72 is post-10 toned to allow connection of each actuator 50, aye, and50b to its respective fingers 81, aye, and 81b as shown in FIG. 2. The opposite end of the conductor 72 is connected to the previously mentioned control unit snot shown). An insulating spacer 70 it positioned to prevent shorting of 15 the conductor 72 with the solder layer 66. The spacer is bonded to the solder layer 66 by a layer of adhesive 73.
The end of the conductor 72 is attached to the spacer 70 by an adhesive fillet 74, and the combination forms a flat cable 83 which may be conveniently routed within the printer 20 10.
The cable 83 and the actuators 50, aye, and 50b are preferably fabricated as a complete unit. Thereafter, the actuators 50, aye, and 50b are aligned to their respective chambers 22, aye, and ~2b. The exposed surface 25 of the flexible insulating sheet 52 is bonded to the surface of the cavity block 20 by adhesive 82. In practice, the surface of the cavity hock 20 is covered with a thin layer of adhesive and the insulating sheet 52 subsequently Derek I
I
1 positioned. This procedure assures that the actuators 50, aye, and 50b are accurately positioned and that the bending and piezoceramic plates associated with each of the act-atoms are protected from the corrosive action of the ink 54.
The rest position of the actuator 50 is shown in FIG. 3. The surface tension of the ink 54, at the nozzle orifice 28, is sufficient to keep the ink 54 within the chamber 22. In response to the application of an electrical potential across the electrodes 62, 64, an electric field is 10 produced in the piezoceramic plate 60 causing a slight increase in its thickness and a reduction in the surface area of the plate 60. The bending plate 56, bonded to the piezoceramic plate 60, resists dimensional changes in the surface area of the piezoceramic plate 60. Thus, when the 15 piezoceramic plate contracts, the actuator 50 bulges into the chamber 22 (FIG. 4). The pressure and volumetric displacement generated by the actuator 50, in the chamber 22, forces ink droplets 84 out of the nozzle orifice 28 toward the recording medium 13.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described in connection with an illustrated embodiment, it will be understood that various changes in form and detail will be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims:
Derek 2
A Print read Actuator For An Ink Jet Printer DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to an actuator for the print head of an ink jet printer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
During the operation of an ink jet printer, droplets of ink are forced from a storage chamber through 10 a nozzle orifice and deposited on a recording medium. One wall of the chamber has an opening which is covered with an actuator. The actuator may be an electromechanical transducer which produces short duration pressure increases in the ink within the chamber forcing droplets of ink 15 through the nozzle orifice. One such actuator is described in U. S. Patent No. 3,747,120 entitled "Arrangement Of Writing mechanisms For Writing On Paper With A Colored Liquid", by N. Stemmer and issued July 17, 1973. As shown in this patent, a metal plate is bonded to a piezoelectric 20 crystal plate. The metal plate is positioned to seal one wall of a chamber containing a small quantity of ink. An electrical field is applied across the thickness of the piezoelectric crystal plate which causes it to radially contract and the composite structure to bend. A large 25 number of such actuators and corresponding chambers are placed in an array to form a print head. The construction of such a print head is particularly difficult since, in accordance with prior teaching, each metal plate and - nl~rkee I
I
piezoelectric crystal combination must be carefully positioned with respect to its cooperating chamber opening.
Conductors are subsequently attached. The ink used is somewhat corrosive and often electrically conductive. The metal plate may corrode when positioned adjacent to the ink contained in the chamber. Further, there is a possibility that ink may leak from the chamber shorting the conductors As described in the aforementioned reference, the bending force of the metal plate is transmitted directly to the ink. The transfer efficiency of energy between the two media is often low due to the large difference in the acoustic impedance of the two media. To overcome such losses, relatively high energy levels must be supplied.
It is an object of this invention to provide an actuator for an ink jet printer which is efficient, readily fabricated and is highly resistive to the corrosive action of ink.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided an actuator for a print head of an ink jet printer in which droplets of ink are discharged through a nozzle orifice in a wall of a chamber for containing a small quantity of ink, the actuator comprising: a piezoelectric crystal plate having first and second opposing surfaces, said piezoelectric plate experiencing a dimensional change when placed in an I I 33~q~
electrical field; first and second electrodes covering portions of said first and second opposing surfaces of said piezoelectric crystal plate; a bending plate with a first surface bonded to the surface of said first conductive electrode; a thin flexible sheet of insulating material having first and second surfaces; a first surface of said sheet of insulating material bonded to a second surface of said bending plate, said bending plate resisting deformation by said piezoelectric crystal plate in response to an electrical potential difference applied to said electrodes; said sheet of insulating material being positioned so that said second surface of said sheet of insulating material is disposed over an opening in the wall of said chamber; and means for securing said second It surface of said sheet of insulating material to the wall of said chamber around the periphery of said opening whereby the actuator decreases the volume of the chamber in response to an electrical potential difference applied across said first and second electrodes causing the discharge of droplets of ink through said nozzle orifice.
THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a portion of an ink jet printer including a print head assembly embodying certain features of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the portion of the print head assembly taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 illustrating a first operating condition of a component of the print head assembly of FIG. l;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 3 illustrating a second operating condition of a component of the print head assembly of FIG. l; and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of certain of the components ox the print head assembly of FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An ink jet printer 10, illustrated in FIG. 1, includes a drum 12 supporting and transporting a recording medium 13. The printer 10 also includes a frame 16 carrying a print head assembly 18 including a plurality of ink jets 19. The frame 16 is supported by a pair of guide rails 21 for movement along a predetermined path. For a more complete description of the illustrated frame 16 and drum 12, the reader is directed to cop ending Canadian Patent Application No. 445,897 filed January 23, 1984 entitled "Ink Jet Printer" by D. B. Derek et at and having a common assignee with this application. The print head assembly 18 includes a cavity block 20 having a plurality of open ended cylindrical chambers 22 in communication through passages 24 with ink supply reservoirs 26. The chambers 22 are arranged in a linear array with the axis of each chamber 22 normal to the surfaces of the cavity block 20.
-pa-One of the ink jets 19 is illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. As shown, the end of the chamber 22, disposed toward the drum 12, is covered with a nozzle 29 including a nozzle plate 25 having a tapered passage 27 terminating in a nozzle orifice 28. The nozzle plate 25 is secured to the cavity block by an adhesive 30. A polysulfide rubber compound has been found to be a suitable adhesive. The exposed surface of the nozzle plate 25 is covered with a layer of anti-wetting film 32 which prevents the ink droplets from wetting the surface of the nozzle plate 25 thus assuring movement of the droplets toward the print medium 13 after passing through the nozzle orifice 28.
The opposite end of the chamber 22 is covered with an actuator 50 which has a layered construction. The first I
1 layer of the actuator 50 is a single, thin sheet of insulate in material 52. A suitable insulating material is a polyamide material sold under the trademark KITTEN by I Dupont DeNemours and Company. Other suitable material 5 include a wide range of polymers such as polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and polytetra-fluoroethylene. KITTEN is particularly suitable due to its ability to efficiently transmit movement to the ink 54 with-out generating excessive reflected waves. The acoustic 10 impedance characteristics of KITTEN are quite similar to the acoustic impedance characteristics of liquid ink thus pro-voiding efficient energy transfer between the two media. A
bending plate 56 is bonded with an adhesive layer 58 to the surface of the sheet of insulating material 52 and is post-15 toned over the opening in the chamber 22. One material among many which are suitable for the bending plate 56 is nickel. Nickel provides desired stiffness, conductivity, and solder~bility. Connected to the bending plate So, continuing over the surface of the insulated sheet 52 and 20 secured thereto by the adhesive layer 58, it a ribbon conductor 59 which is also connected to a printer control circuit (not shown). The bending plate 56 and ribbon conductor 59 may be integral, that is, both may be formed of the same material.
The actuator 50 additionally includes a pus-electric crystal plate 60 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is piezoceramic. The surfaces of the pus-electric plate 60 are coated with a thin metallic film Derek 2-1-1 3~3 1 providing two opposing electrodes 62, 64. Electroless nickel has been found to be a satisfactory material for the electrodes. The first electrode 62 is secured with solder 66 to the bending plate 56. Conductive epoxy has also been 5 found suitable The print head assembly 18 also includes a second conductor 72 having a plurality of fingers 81, aye, and 81b.
One of the fingers 81 is bonded by solder 80 to the second electrode 64 of the actuator 50. The conductor 72 is post-10 toned to allow connection of each actuator 50, aye, and50b to its respective fingers 81, aye, and 81b as shown in FIG. 2. The opposite end of the conductor 72 is connected to the previously mentioned control unit snot shown). An insulating spacer 70 it positioned to prevent shorting of 15 the conductor 72 with the solder layer 66. The spacer is bonded to the solder layer 66 by a layer of adhesive 73.
The end of the conductor 72 is attached to the spacer 70 by an adhesive fillet 74, and the combination forms a flat cable 83 which may be conveniently routed within the printer 20 10.
The cable 83 and the actuators 50, aye, and 50b are preferably fabricated as a complete unit. Thereafter, the actuators 50, aye, and 50b are aligned to their respective chambers 22, aye, and ~2b. The exposed surface 25 of the flexible insulating sheet 52 is bonded to the surface of the cavity block 20 by adhesive 82. In practice, the surface of the cavity hock 20 is covered with a thin layer of adhesive and the insulating sheet 52 subsequently Derek I
I
1 positioned. This procedure assures that the actuators 50, aye, and 50b are accurately positioned and that the bending and piezoceramic plates associated with each of the act-atoms are protected from the corrosive action of the ink 54.
The rest position of the actuator 50 is shown in FIG. 3. The surface tension of the ink 54, at the nozzle orifice 28, is sufficient to keep the ink 54 within the chamber 22. In response to the application of an electrical potential across the electrodes 62, 64, an electric field is 10 produced in the piezoceramic plate 60 causing a slight increase in its thickness and a reduction in the surface area of the plate 60. The bending plate 56, bonded to the piezoceramic plate 60, resists dimensional changes in the surface area of the piezoceramic plate 60. Thus, when the 15 piezoceramic plate contracts, the actuator 50 bulges into the chamber 22 (FIG. 4). The pressure and volumetric displacement generated by the actuator 50, in the chamber 22, forces ink droplets 84 out of the nozzle orifice 28 toward the recording medium 13.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described in connection with an illustrated embodiment, it will be understood that various changes in form and detail will be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims:
Derek 2
Claims (15)
1. An actuator for a print head of an ink jet printer in which droplets of ink are discharged through a nozzle orifice in a wall of a chamber for containing a small quantity of ink, the actuator comprising:
a piezoelectric crystal plate having first and second opposing surfaces, said piezoelectric plate experiencing a dimensional change when placed in an electrical field;
first and second electrodes covering portions of said first and second opposing surfaces of said piezo-electric crystal plate;
a bending plate with a first surface bonded to the surface of said first conductive electrode;
a thin flexible sheet of insulating material having first and second surfaces;
a first surface of said sheet of insulating material bonded to a second surface of said bending plate, said bending plate resisting deformation by said piezo-electric crystal plate in response to an electrical potential difference applied to said electrodes;
said sheet of insulating material being positioned so that said second surface of said sheet of insulating material is disposed over an opening in the wall of said chamber; and means or securing said second surface of said sheet of insulating material to the wall of said chamber around the periphery of said opening whereby the actuator decreases the volume of the chamber in response to an electrical potential difference applied across said first and second electrodes causing the discharge of droplets of ink through said nozzle orifice.
a piezoelectric crystal plate having first and second opposing surfaces, said piezoelectric plate experiencing a dimensional change when placed in an electrical field;
first and second electrodes covering portions of said first and second opposing surfaces of said piezo-electric crystal plate;
a bending plate with a first surface bonded to the surface of said first conductive electrode;
a thin flexible sheet of insulating material having first and second surfaces;
a first surface of said sheet of insulating material bonded to a second surface of said bending plate, said bending plate resisting deformation by said piezo-electric crystal plate in response to an electrical potential difference applied to said electrodes;
said sheet of insulating material being positioned so that said second surface of said sheet of insulating material is disposed over an opening in the wall of said chamber; and means or securing said second surface of said sheet of insulating material to the wall of said chamber around the periphery of said opening whereby the actuator decreases the volume of the chamber in response to an electrical potential difference applied across said first and second electrodes causing the discharge of droplets of ink through said nozzle orifice.
2. The actuator of claim 1 wherein said securing means is a flexible adhesive.
3. The actuator of claim 1 wherein said bending plate is metallic and which further includes a first conductor bonded to said first surface of said insulating sheet and connected to said metallic bending plate.
4. The actuator of claim 2 wherein said piezoelectrical crystal is piezoceramic.
5. The actuator of claim 2 wherein said metallic bending plate is bonded to said first electrode with solder.
6. The actuator of claim 2 wherein said insulating sheet is a polyamide material.
7. The actuator of claim 5 wherein said metallic bending plate is nickel.
8. The actuator of claim 2 wherein said flexible adhesive is a polysulfide rubber.
9. An actuator for a print head of an ink jet printer in which droplets of ink are discharged through a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle covers an opening in the wall of one of a plurality of chambers in a cavity block, each of said chambers has an opening with the opening being arranged in an array on a first surface of said cavity block, said actuator comprising:
a thin flexible sheet of insulating material having first and second surfaces;
a plurality of piezoelectric crystal plates having first and second electrodes bonded to the surfaces of each of said plates;
a plurality of bending plates, each bending plate being bonded to a corresponding first electrode of one of said piezoceramic plates, said bending plates being bonded to said first surface of said first sheet of insulating material and arranged into an array, the shape of which corresponds to the configuration of said chamber openings;
and a flexible adhesive applied to the surface of said cavity block around the periphery of each of said openings, said sheet of insulating material being positioned on a surface of said cavity block so that the second surface of said sheet of insulating material is secured to the surface of said cavity block by said adhesive.
a thin flexible sheet of insulating material having first and second surfaces;
a plurality of piezoelectric crystal plates having first and second electrodes bonded to the surfaces of each of said plates;
a plurality of bending plates, each bending plate being bonded to a corresponding first electrode of one of said piezoceramic plates, said bending plates being bonded to said first surface of said first sheet of insulating material and arranged into an array, the shape of which corresponds to the configuration of said chamber openings;
and a flexible adhesive applied to the surface of said cavity block around the periphery of each of said openings, said sheet of insulating material being positioned on a surface of said cavity block so that the second surface of said sheet of insulating material is secured to the surface of said cavity block by said adhesive.
10. The actuator of claim 9 wherein said bending plate is metallic and which further includes a plurality of first conductors bonded to said first surface of said sheet of insulating material, each of said first conductors is connected to one of said metallic bending plates thereby providing a separate conductive path to each of said first electrodes.
11. The actuator of claim 9 which further includes a second conductor positioned to provide electrical connections to each of said second electrodes and means for connecting said second conductor to said electrodes.
12. The actuator of claim 11 wherein said metallic bending plates are soldered to said first electrodes.
13. The actuator of claim 11 wherein said sheet of insulating material is constructed of a polyimide material.
14. The actuator of claim 11 wherein said metallic bending plates are nickel.
15. The actuator of claim 11 wherein said flexible adhesive is polysulfide rubber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000471180A CA1233698A (en) | 1984-12-28 | 1984-12-28 | Print head actuator for an ink jet printer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000471180A CA1233698A (en) | 1984-12-28 | 1984-12-28 | Print head actuator for an ink jet printer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1233698A true CA1233698A (en) | 1988-03-08 |
Family
ID=4129480
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000471180A Expired CA1233698A (en) | 1984-12-28 | 1984-12-28 | Print head actuator for an ink jet printer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1233698A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-12-28 CA CA000471180A patent/CA1233698A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |