CA1233423A - Salvage drum - Google Patents
Salvage drumInfo
- Publication number
- CA1233423A CA1233423A CA000473178A CA473178A CA1233423A CA 1233423 A CA1233423 A CA 1233423A CA 000473178 A CA000473178 A CA 000473178A CA 473178 A CA473178 A CA 473178A CA 1233423 A CA1233423 A CA 1233423A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- salvage
- flange
- polyethylene
- salvage drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT A one piece, molded leak and impact resistant polyethylene salvage drum for transporting, storing, or encapsulating chemical or toxic and hazardous waste, having means to be sealed temporarily or permanently.
Description
~33~3 SALVAGE DRUM
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The present application relates to a molded, one piece polyethylene storage or salvage drum, adapted to be closed either permanently or temporarily, by means of suitable covers, for shipping, storing or disposing of chemicals or toxic and hazardous industrial waste.
Toxic and hazardous industrial waste has commonly been stored or disposed of by putting the waste into drums, most commonly standard 55 gallon metal drums, which are then transported to treatment, storage or landfill facilities for disposal or burial. Over time, however, metal drums can corrode, either as a result of exterior damage or from the corrosive substance within the drums, and the contents can leak through the ground and contaminate the groundwater or volatile components can escape into the atmosphere, causing severe risks to public health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that more than 90~
of all hazardous industrial chemical wastes were disposed of improperly. Recently, more stringent new federal and state legislation has been enacted in an attempt to minimize the risks incident to the transportation, , :~233~Z3 storage and disposal of toxic or dangerous wastes-in metal drums One response by industry to such ].egislation has been to encapsulate or overpack the standard 55 gallon metal drums when such drums show signs of corrosion puncture, or other damage The overpack drums are generally made of steel with specialized coatings, have a gasket attached to the top and can be closed by a bolted ring with drop-forged lugs and a bolt and nut Such overpack drums offer very high resistance to the further leakage of hazardous waste from the encapsulated drums They also prolong the period of safe disposal or storage Although the steel overpack drums are not specifically intended for reuse, it has been found that they can be reused from three to five times in the temporary transportation and storage of hazardous waste, and then must be discarded However, in many cases, the overpack steel drums, even if coated with rust-inhibiting metal primer and enamel, have a finite life and are also subject to eventual deterioration and failure, especially if dented or punctured during handling, or if left in a landfill, exposed to the elements, or buried Another response to the problem has been to permanently encapsulate damaged drums by using essentially straight-sided, rotationally molded, cylindrical polyethylene containers adapted to accommodate 55 gallon drums After placing the damaged drum into the polyethylene receiver, a cover which is slightly larger in diameter than the cylindrical container and which has been cut from extruded flat high density polyethylene stock, is welded by means of the application of heat to the top rim, thereby permanently encapsulating the contents The welding technique is I, :~33~3 similar to the technique employed in polyethylene pipe welding, and employs a heat source which soiEtens the mating surfaces. When the polyethylene has softened sufficiently, the cover is pressed onto the container and held in place until the joint cools and hardens.
This method, however, has the disadvantage that the container can only be used for permanently enclosing the content and lacks the flexibility desired by many industries, or by waste management facilities for future treatment of the material and reuse of the container.
In view of the above, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved leak resistant salvage drum having a flange at the top, or open end, which allows optionally either closing the drum with a standard drum clamp and cover, or with a polyethylene cover which can be bolted to the flange, or with a cover which can be spin welded to the flange.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a salvage drum that will readily receive and maintain a standard drum in a stable, centralized position and permit the insertion of absorbent material in the space around the contained drum.
It is another object of the invention to provide a drum which can be employed for a variety of purposes, including (a) the storage of chemical substances temporarily or essentially permanently;
~b) the transportation of chemical substances safely to avoid spill episodes; a the storage of damaged metal drums or other containers, either temporarily or essentially permanently; or (d) for ultimately disposing of chemical toxic and hazardous waste safely.
It is also an object of this invention to provide an overpack or salvage drum which can be safely reused over and over again.
~33~3 It is an additional purpose ox this invçntion to provide a salvage or overpack drum which meets the V~ So Department of Transportation Specification 173~3 for transporting leaking metal or plastic drums SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above and other beneficial objectives and advantages are attained in accordance with the present invention by providing a polyethylene drum comprising a rotationally molded one-piece polyethylene body member with a generally cylindrical wall and a generally flat bottom The top end of the wall is slightly tapered and orms a short neck which defines an access opening to the drum interior The neck terminates in an integral flange member which allows a choice of closures for the drum: a standard drum clamp and cover can be attached; a generally flat polyethylene cover with yasket can be bolted to the flange; or a polyethylene cover can be spin welded Jo the flange The bottom of the polyethylene drum can be flat, but the preferred embodiment includes a raised annular section in the interior of the drum, adapted to provide stability for a metal drum when the polyethylene drum is used for either temporary or permanent storage or disposal of a metal drum The raised annular section in the interior of the polyethylene drum is so contoured as to engage the bottom rim of a standard metal drum, thereby enabling the metal drum to remain centered when transported or stored in a vertical position This configuration also provides additional strength and rigidity to the base of the salvage drum ~33~23 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG 1 is an elevational view of an improved salvage drum in accordance with the present inven~ion~
FIG 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG 1, illustrating various closure means FIG 3 is a bottom view of one preferred embodiment FIG 4 is a fragmentary sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG l DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein the same elements bear identical reference numerals throughout the different views Accordingly, the present salvage drum 10 comprises a generally cylindrical body member 12 closed at its bottom end The cylindrical body member is rotationally molded and is made from either linear low or high density polyethylene, or high density crosslinked polyethylene The wall 14 of the cylindrical body member a the top is tapered inwardly at about a 45 angle, forming inclined shoulder 15 and a short neck 16 which terminates in outwardly extending integral flange 18a The upper flange surface 20 is smooth and is adapted to receive one of several different types of covers The underside 21 of the flange 18 is generally flat Flange surfaces 20 and 21 can be contoured and adapted to facilitate the accomodation of sealing and closure means, as described below The neck 16 is of sufficient height to accom-modate the optional closure means, described in detail below Referring to FIG 3 and FIG 41 it is noted that the bottom 20 has a raised annular section 22/
which on the inside of the drum lO is adapted to engage the bottom rim of a standard metal drum when such drum is being transported, stored or encapsulated A This is an important feature of the present invention since it provides for centrally positioning the inserted drum In addition, the raised annular section 22 provides a concave region on the outside of the bottom 20 to facilitate stacking of the drums with mating drum covers having an appropriate raised contour. As illustrated in FIG 2A, conventional clamp closure means 31 can be used to secure a reusable cover 30 to the flange 18~ Cover 30, suitable for sealing off the contents temporarily, can be made of high density polyethylene, cut from sheet material, and vacuum formed, or, alternatively the cover can be molded ln the embodiment of FIG 2A, the general1y flat cover 30 has a raised segmented annular section 32 comprising four segments, adapted to engage the raised section 22 of the bottom ll of another similar salvage drum, as described above with reference to FIGS 3 and 4~ The raised segmented annular section 22 o the cover 30 adds rigidity to the cover and, in addition, permits the drums to be stacked with an added degree of stability Alternatively, the drum may be sealed by using a generally flat cover 36 as is illustrated in FIG 2B, wherein the flange is provided with about 6 or more smooth-sided or tapped holes 24~ The cover can be fabricated from polyethylene of the types described above, or from other suitably resistant material A
chemical resistant gasket 37 is inserted between the flange and the cover and serves as a sealing means ~334;~3 The gasket can be formed from expanded, closed cell polyethylene foam, or such other suitable materials which are chemically resistant The cover 36 is provided with holes 34 corresponding to those in the flange 18, whlch holes are adapted to accept bolts 33 for bolting the cover 36 to the flange 18 by either threading them into the tapped holes 24 in the flange or by insertion through smooth-sided holes and securing them with nuts 35~ To provide additional stability upon stacking, and to improve the rigidity of the cover itself, the reusable cover is provided with a segmented raised annular section as described above with reference-to FIG 2A~
A third type of cover 38 is illustrated in FIG 2C and comprises a generally flat, linear low density polyethylene cover of a diameter slightly larger than the flange This cover is fabricated by rotational molding and can be friction welded, or spin welded, to the flange to provide a permanent, air-tight bond between the salvage drum and the cover To accomplish this method of sealing the salvage drum, the cover, while spinning, is forced onto the flange under sufficient pressure to create substantial frictional heat which melts the interface and fuses the cover to the flangeO When the spinning is stopped, the interface cools off and the cover is welded to the flange Equipment for spinning the covers to obtain the welded joint has been developed under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency This friction or spin welding closure method offers the maximum leak resistance and is advantageous for permanent storage and disposal When spin welded closures are to be employed, it is preferred to use drums made of linear high or low density polyethylene For other closures, the drum can either be made of linear high or low density, or cros~linked polyethylene -~33~23 The capacity of the polyethylene drum can range from about one-half pint ~OA5 liter up to about 110-120 gallons (416-45q livers), (All metric conversions are approxima~e~) r~ypical dimensions for a preferred embodiment suitable for containing a standard 55 gallon drum result in a salvage drum having a volume of about 85 gallon ~322 liters This drum has an outer flange and outer wall diameter of about 27 ~69 cm3; the inside diameter of the flan9e 18 and neck lÇ are about 24 1/2~
(62~2 am which is wide enough to accept a standard 55 gallon ~208 liters) drum; the neck height is about 3 1~2~ t8~9 cm), which includes the area where the wall tapers off at a 45 angle to form the shoulder l and neck 16. The total height of the drum is about 38~
l 96~ 6 cm) The annular section at the bottom of the pslyethylene drum has an outside diameter of about 22~
(55~9 am the inside diameter of 12 1/2~ (3108 cm), and the height of this raised section is 3/4" ~1~9 am . salvage drum of these approximate dimensions with a wall thickness of one-quarter inch weighs about 43 pounds (18~2 kg); a wall thickness of three-ei~hts inches results in a weight of about 60 pounds After a ~$andard 55 gallon (208 liters) drum is inserted, there is still sufficient space in the interior of the salvage drum to add filler or absorbent material to minimize movement of the drum during tranSportatioQ~ and to absorb any liquid waste which may leak from a damaged drum duriny transportation and storage The larger drum is particularly useful to accommodate dented or deformed drums that are not perfectly cylindricala A salvage drum having a capacity of 85 gallons and containing a 55 gallon steel drum filled with. water was sealed usiny a vacuum formed cover, polyethylene foam gasket and conventional drum closuxe clumping means . .
~33~'~3 as described a3bove~ A completely water-tight sea1 was maintained when the salvage drum was drop-tested from four feet After a fifteen foot drop-test the salvage drum and cover were unaffected; the steel drum, however, had ruptured and the conventional clamp had partially failed resulting in some leakage When the cover is secured with nuts and bolts, the salvage drums survives the fifteen foot drop test without leakage or failure of any type This test far exceeds the performance of any known salvage drums, and of any current governmental requirements for such drums
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The present application relates to a molded, one piece polyethylene storage or salvage drum, adapted to be closed either permanently or temporarily, by means of suitable covers, for shipping, storing or disposing of chemicals or toxic and hazardous industrial waste.
Toxic and hazardous industrial waste has commonly been stored or disposed of by putting the waste into drums, most commonly standard 55 gallon metal drums, which are then transported to treatment, storage or landfill facilities for disposal or burial. Over time, however, metal drums can corrode, either as a result of exterior damage or from the corrosive substance within the drums, and the contents can leak through the ground and contaminate the groundwater or volatile components can escape into the atmosphere, causing severe risks to public health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that more than 90~
of all hazardous industrial chemical wastes were disposed of improperly. Recently, more stringent new federal and state legislation has been enacted in an attempt to minimize the risks incident to the transportation, , :~233~Z3 storage and disposal of toxic or dangerous wastes-in metal drums One response by industry to such ].egislation has been to encapsulate or overpack the standard 55 gallon metal drums when such drums show signs of corrosion puncture, or other damage The overpack drums are generally made of steel with specialized coatings, have a gasket attached to the top and can be closed by a bolted ring with drop-forged lugs and a bolt and nut Such overpack drums offer very high resistance to the further leakage of hazardous waste from the encapsulated drums They also prolong the period of safe disposal or storage Although the steel overpack drums are not specifically intended for reuse, it has been found that they can be reused from three to five times in the temporary transportation and storage of hazardous waste, and then must be discarded However, in many cases, the overpack steel drums, even if coated with rust-inhibiting metal primer and enamel, have a finite life and are also subject to eventual deterioration and failure, especially if dented or punctured during handling, or if left in a landfill, exposed to the elements, or buried Another response to the problem has been to permanently encapsulate damaged drums by using essentially straight-sided, rotationally molded, cylindrical polyethylene containers adapted to accommodate 55 gallon drums After placing the damaged drum into the polyethylene receiver, a cover which is slightly larger in diameter than the cylindrical container and which has been cut from extruded flat high density polyethylene stock, is welded by means of the application of heat to the top rim, thereby permanently encapsulating the contents The welding technique is I, :~33~3 similar to the technique employed in polyethylene pipe welding, and employs a heat source which soiEtens the mating surfaces. When the polyethylene has softened sufficiently, the cover is pressed onto the container and held in place until the joint cools and hardens.
This method, however, has the disadvantage that the container can only be used for permanently enclosing the content and lacks the flexibility desired by many industries, or by waste management facilities for future treatment of the material and reuse of the container.
In view of the above, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved leak resistant salvage drum having a flange at the top, or open end, which allows optionally either closing the drum with a standard drum clamp and cover, or with a polyethylene cover which can be bolted to the flange, or with a cover which can be spin welded to the flange.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a salvage drum that will readily receive and maintain a standard drum in a stable, centralized position and permit the insertion of absorbent material in the space around the contained drum.
It is another object of the invention to provide a drum which can be employed for a variety of purposes, including (a) the storage of chemical substances temporarily or essentially permanently;
~b) the transportation of chemical substances safely to avoid spill episodes; a the storage of damaged metal drums or other containers, either temporarily or essentially permanently; or (d) for ultimately disposing of chemical toxic and hazardous waste safely.
It is also an object of this invention to provide an overpack or salvage drum which can be safely reused over and over again.
~33~3 It is an additional purpose ox this invçntion to provide a salvage or overpack drum which meets the V~ So Department of Transportation Specification 173~3 for transporting leaking metal or plastic drums SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above and other beneficial objectives and advantages are attained in accordance with the present invention by providing a polyethylene drum comprising a rotationally molded one-piece polyethylene body member with a generally cylindrical wall and a generally flat bottom The top end of the wall is slightly tapered and orms a short neck which defines an access opening to the drum interior The neck terminates in an integral flange member which allows a choice of closures for the drum: a standard drum clamp and cover can be attached; a generally flat polyethylene cover with yasket can be bolted to the flange; or a polyethylene cover can be spin welded Jo the flange The bottom of the polyethylene drum can be flat, but the preferred embodiment includes a raised annular section in the interior of the drum, adapted to provide stability for a metal drum when the polyethylene drum is used for either temporary or permanent storage or disposal of a metal drum The raised annular section in the interior of the polyethylene drum is so contoured as to engage the bottom rim of a standard metal drum, thereby enabling the metal drum to remain centered when transported or stored in a vertical position This configuration also provides additional strength and rigidity to the base of the salvage drum ~33~23 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG 1 is an elevational view of an improved salvage drum in accordance with the present inven~ion~
FIG 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG 1, illustrating various closure means FIG 3 is a bottom view of one preferred embodiment FIG 4 is a fragmentary sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG l DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein the same elements bear identical reference numerals throughout the different views Accordingly, the present salvage drum 10 comprises a generally cylindrical body member 12 closed at its bottom end The cylindrical body member is rotationally molded and is made from either linear low or high density polyethylene, or high density crosslinked polyethylene The wall 14 of the cylindrical body member a the top is tapered inwardly at about a 45 angle, forming inclined shoulder 15 and a short neck 16 which terminates in outwardly extending integral flange 18a The upper flange surface 20 is smooth and is adapted to receive one of several different types of covers The underside 21 of the flange 18 is generally flat Flange surfaces 20 and 21 can be contoured and adapted to facilitate the accomodation of sealing and closure means, as described below The neck 16 is of sufficient height to accom-modate the optional closure means, described in detail below Referring to FIG 3 and FIG 41 it is noted that the bottom 20 has a raised annular section 22/
which on the inside of the drum lO is adapted to engage the bottom rim of a standard metal drum when such drum is being transported, stored or encapsulated A This is an important feature of the present invention since it provides for centrally positioning the inserted drum In addition, the raised annular section 22 provides a concave region on the outside of the bottom 20 to facilitate stacking of the drums with mating drum covers having an appropriate raised contour. As illustrated in FIG 2A, conventional clamp closure means 31 can be used to secure a reusable cover 30 to the flange 18~ Cover 30, suitable for sealing off the contents temporarily, can be made of high density polyethylene, cut from sheet material, and vacuum formed, or, alternatively the cover can be molded ln the embodiment of FIG 2A, the general1y flat cover 30 has a raised segmented annular section 32 comprising four segments, adapted to engage the raised section 22 of the bottom ll of another similar salvage drum, as described above with reference to FIGS 3 and 4~ The raised segmented annular section 22 o the cover 30 adds rigidity to the cover and, in addition, permits the drums to be stacked with an added degree of stability Alternatively, the drum may be sealed by using a generally flat cover 36 as is illustrated in FIG 2B, wherein the flange is provided with about 6 or more smooth-sided or tapped holes 24~ The cover can be fabricated from polyethylene of the types described above, or from other suitably resistant material A
chemical resistant gasket 37 is inserted between the flange and the cover and serves as a sealing means ~334;~3 The gasket can be formed from expanded, closed cell polyethylene foam, or such other suitable materials which are chemically resistant The cover 36 is provided with holes 34 corresponding to those in the flange 18, whlch holes are adapted to accept bolts 33 for bolting the cover 36 to the flange 18 by either threading them into the tapped holes 24 in the flange or by insertion through smooth-sided holes and securing them with nuts 35~ To provide additional stability upon stacking, and to improve the rigidity of the cover itself, the reusable cover is provided with a segmented raised annular section as described above with reference-to FIG 2A~
A third type of cover 38 is illustrated in FIG 2C and comprises a generally flat, linear low density polyethylene cover of a diameter slightly larger than the flange This cover is fabricated by rotational molding and can be friction welded, or spin welded, to the flange to provide a permanent, air-tight bond between the salvage drum and the cover To accomplish this method of sealing the salvage drum, the cover, while spinning, is forced onto the flange under sufficient pressure to create substantial frictional heat which melts the interface and fuses the cover to the flangeO When the spinning is stopped, the interface cools off and the cover is welded to the flange Equipment for spinning the covers to obtain the welded joint has been developed under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency This friction or spin welding closure method offers the maximum leak resistance and is advantageous for permanent storage and disposal When spin welded closures are to be employed, it is preferred to use drums made of linear high or low density polyethylene For other closures, the drum can either be made of linear high or low density, or cros~linked polyethylene -~33~23 The capacity of the polyethylene drum can range from about one-half pint ~OA5 liter up to about 110-120 gallons (416-45q livers), (All metric conversions are approxima~e~) r~ypical dimensions for a preferred embodiment suitable for containing a standard 55 gallon drum result in a salvage drum having a volume of about 85 gallon ~322 liters This drum has an outer flange and outer wall diameter of about 27 ~69 cm3; the inside diameter of the flan9e 18 and neck lÇ are about 24 1/2~
(62~2 am which is wide enough to accept a standard 55 gallon ~208 liters) drum; the neck height is about 3 1~2~ t8~9 cm), which includes the area where the wall tapers off at a 45 angle to form the shoulder l and neck 16. The total height of the drum is about 38~
l 96~ 6 cm) The annular section at the bottom of the pslyethylene drum has an outside diameter of about 22~
(55~9 am the inside diameter of 12 1/2~ (3108 cm), and the height of this raised section is 3/4" ~1~9 am . salvage drum of these approximate dimensions with a wall thickness of one-quarter inch weighs about 43 pounds (18~2 kg); a wall thickness of three-ei~hts inches results in a weight of about 60 pounds After a ~$andard 55 gallon (208 liters) drum is inserted, there is still sufficient space in the interior of the salvage drum to add filler or absorbent material to minimize movement of the drum during tranSportatioQ~ and to absorb any liquid waste which may leak from a damaged drum duriny transportation and storage The larger drum is particularly useful to accommodate dented or deformed drums that are not perfectly cylindricala A salvage drum having a capacity of 85 gallons and containing a 55 gallon steel drum filled with. water was sealed usiny a vacuum formed cover, polyethylene foam gasket and conventional drum closuxe clumping means . .
~33~'~3 as described a3bove~ A completely water-tight sea1 was maintained when the salvage drum was drop-tested from four feet After a fifteen foot drop-test the salvage drum and cover were unaffected; the steel drum, however, had ruptured and the conventional clamp had partially failed resulting in some leakage When the cover is secured with nuts and bolts, the salvage drums survives the fifteen foot drop test without leakage or failure of any type This test far exceeds the performance of any known salvage drums, and of any current governmental requirements for such drums
Claims (6)
1. An improved salvage drum suitable for receiving an inner drum which inner drum is suitable for containing chemicals or toxic and hazardous industrial waste, said salvage drum comprising a rotationally molded one piece polyethylene body, having a normally vertical, straight generally cylindrical side wall section with an integral, generally flat closed bottom, an open top adapted to receive said inner drum, the cylindrical side walls adjacent the top being tapered inwardly to form a cylindrical neck portion extending upwardly and said neck portion terminating in an integral outwardly extending horizontal flange having essentially flat upper and lower surfaces, said salvage drum produced from a thermosetting molding composition selected from the group consisting of a linear low density polyethylene, linear high density polyethylene and high density cross linked polyethylene, said drum having a nominal wall thickness of from about one-quarter to three-eighths of an inch.
2. The salvage drum of claim 1, wherein the inside diameter of the flange and the inside diameter of the neck are approximately equal.
3. The salvage drum of claim 2, wherein the outside diameter of the flange and the outside diameter of the cylindrical side wall are approximately equal.
4. The salvage drum of claim 1, wherein the generally flat closed bottom comprises a raised annular section on its interior side, adapted to engage and centrally position said inner drum when contained within the salvage drum.
5. The salvage drum of claim 1, wherein the horizontal flange has a plurality of holes equally distributed on the same diameter, whereby a cover can be bolted to the flange.
6. The salvage drum of claim 5, wherein the holes are tapered.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65644284A | 1984-10-01 | 1984-10-01 | |
| US656,442 | 1984-10-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1233423A true CA1233423A (en) | 1988-03-01 |
Family
ID=24633052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000473178A Expired CA1233423A (en) | 1984-10-01 | 1985-01-30 | Salvage drum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1233423A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-01-30 CA CA000473178A patent/CA1233423A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20050301 |