CA1230703A - Sanitary napkin and a method of its manufacture - Google Patents
Sanitary napkin and a method of its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1230703A CA1230703A CA000465835A CA465835A CA1230703A CA 1230703 A CA1230703 A CA 1230703A CA 000465835 A CA000465835 A CA 000465835A CA 465835 A CA465835 A CA 465835A CA 1230703 A CA1230703 A CA 1230703A
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- fluff pulp
- layer
- compression layer
- fibers
- width
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
There is disclosed a sanitary napkin having a compression layer of compressed but virtually not entwined fluff pulp fibers. The compression layer is folded to provide a first ply and a second ply. A method of making the napkin is also disclosed.
There is disclosed a sanitary napkin having a compression layer of compressed but virtually not entwined fluff pulp fibers. The compression layer is folded to provide a first ply and a second ply. A method of making the napkin is also disclosed.
Description
~3~ )3 This invention concerns a sanitary napkin mainly made of fluff pulp which is most effective in absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid with few material elements and a method of manufacturing such a napkin.
In the attached drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are perspec-tive views of the conventional napkins with part thereof removed to show their structures, Fig. 3 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a sanitary napkin of the invention with parts thereof cut off, Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial longitudinal-ly sectioned view of the napkin of the invention to illustratethe actions of absorbing, diffusing and retaining the menstrual fluid, and Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the apparatus used in carrying out the method of the invention during the initial stage of operation and Fig. 6 is a partial plan view of said apparatus to illustrate several steps of the method of the invention subsequent to said initial stage.
Each typical example of a sanitary napkin marketed so far are structured as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows a sample which is a representative or standard Japanese product, and Fig. 2 one that is generally used in Canada and the United States of Arnerica. E~ch oE these Eigur:es ls ~ persp~ctive view of a napkin with various layered materials being successively cut off or removed to show the layer structure clearly.
Referring first to E`ig. 1 the shown sanitary napkin is wrapped with an outermost nonwoven fabric 1, and edges lb and end portions la are heat sealed. When the upper portion of the nonwoven fabric 1 is ripped off, there appears a staple cotton .,~ ,~,~
~L23~703 layer 2. This layer 2 is provided so that the napkin touches a user's skin softly when it is applied. There is an absorbent paper 3 under the staple cotton layer 2, and under the absorbent paper 3 there is provided a thin ply of fluff pulp 4 under which there is another absorbent paper 5. For absorbent papers 3 and 5, crepe papers having crinkles running in longitudinal directions and the like are used to - la -~;:3~03 cause menstrual fluid which easily leaks in lateral or widthwise direction W as shown in the drawing to be guided in longitudinal directions L as shown. Here, the term menstrual fluid is used to mean such fluid from a female body that is a mixture of mucous membrane lining the uterus, mucus, liquid and a small amount of menstrual blood.
Menstrual blood is dark red colored~ is different from normal blood and does not coagulate. Hereinafter, menstrual fluid will be used in the sense just given. Under the absorbent paper 5, there is a high polymer absorbent material 6 having high polymer absorbant 6a. High polymer absorbant 6a is generally capable of absorbing water 60 times its own weight, and has the characteristic of being gelled while retaining water without diffusing it. Finally, there is a waterproof paper 7 between high polymer absorbent material 6 and the nonwoven fabric 1. The waterproof paper 7 is made of material such as polylaminate sheet or polyvinyl sheet that resists permeation of the menstrual fluid.
A sanitary napkin shown in Fig. 2 is wrapped with an external nonwoven fabric 1 and its sides and cnd portions are heat sealed as the one showll in l~i~. 1, but has a simple structure of a water absorbent paper 8 and a relatively thick ply 9 of fluff pulp, for example the thickness of 1.7 to
In the attached drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are perspec-tive views of the conventional napkins with part thereof removed to show their structures, Fig. 3 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a sanitary napkin of the invention with parts thereof cut off, Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial longitudinal-ly sectioned view of the napkin of the invention to illustratethe actions of absorbing, diffusing and retaining the menstrual fluid, and Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the apparatus used in carrying out the method of the invention during the initial stage of operation and Fig. 6 is a partial plan view of said apparatus to illustrate several steps of the method of the invention subsequent to said initial stage.
Each typical example of a sanitary napkin marketed so far are structured as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows a sample which is a representative or standard Japanese product, and Fig. 2 one that is generally used in Canada and the United States of Arnerica. E~ch oE these Eigur:es ls ~ persp~ctive view of a napkin with various layered materials being successively cut off or removed to show the layer structure clearly.
Referring first to E`ig. 1 the shown sanitary napkin is wrapped with an outermost nonwoven fabric 1, and edges lb and end portions la are heat sealed. When the upper portion of the nonwoven fabric 1 is ripped off, there appears a staple cotton .,~ ,~,~
~L23~703 layer 2. This layer 2 is provided so that the napkin touches a user's skin softly when it is applied. There is an absorbent paper 3 under the staple cotton layer 2, and under the absorbent paper 3 there is provided a thin ply of fluff pulp 4 under which there is another absorbent paper 5. For absorbent papers 3 and 5, crepe papers having crinkles running in longitudinal directions and the like are used to - la -~;:3~03 cause menstrual fluid which easily leaks in lateral or widthwise direction W as shown in the drawing to be guided in longitudinal directions L as shown. Here, the term menstrual fluid is used to mean such fluid from a female body that is a mixture of mucous membrane lining the uterus, mucus, liquid and a small amount of menstrual blood.
Menstrual blood is dark red colored~ is different from normal blood and does not coagulate. Hereinafter, menstrual fluid will be used in the sense just given. Under the absorbent paper 5, there is a high polymer absorbent material 6 having high polymer absorbant 6a. High polymer absorbant 6a is generally capable of absorbing water 60 times its own weight, and has the characteristic of being gelled while retaining water without diffusing it. Finally, there is a waterproof paper 7 between high polymer absorbent material 6 and the nonwoven fabric 1. The waterproof paper 7 is made of material such as polylaminate sheet or polyvinyl sheet that resists permeation of the menstrual fluid.
A sanitary napkin shown in Fig. 2 is wrapped with an external nonwoven fabric 1 and its sides and cnd portions are heat sealed as the one showll in l~i~. 1, but has a simple structure of a water absorbent paper 8 and a relatively thick ply 9 of fluff pulp, for example the thickness of 1.7 to
2.5 cm, under the paper 8, a waterproof paper 10 being arranged under the fluff pulp ply 9.
The common problem foundin these sanitary napkins is that the menstrual fluid issued locally or at a spot on the upper surface of the napkin settles downwardly, within the range of said spot, from the upper layer towards the bottom layer, and is unable to diffuse in the longitudinal direction L. Because of this, where volume of the fluid is large, it tends to leak in a lateral or widthwise direction W.
In the napkin shown in Fig. 1, absorbent papers 3, 5 such as crepe papers explained before are used for the purpose of drawing the fluid in a longitudinal direction. Nevertheless, the abovedescribed tendency of the fluid to settle down locally cannot be eliminated. As a result, the fluid is only retained by the high polymer absorbant within a limited area of the above explained spot and its surrounding part. The fluid beyond the limited retaining capacity of the high polymer absorbant that settles downwardly is not moved or transferred to those parts that still remain dry near the ends of the napkin and high polymer absorbant contained therein, and thus it leaks laterally or in the widthwise direction W. For the purpose of preventing such lateral leaking of the fluid, waterproof papers 7, 10 placecl a~ the bottom layer hclve their edges bent or curved upwardly as shown by reEerences 7e, lOe, but without much success.
The tendency of the menstrual fluid to settle downwardly locally is particularly manifest with the sanitary napkin of the kind shown in Fig. 2. In Fig. 2, a circle 9s in broken lines on the surface of fluff pulp 9 schematically 12307~)3 shows a spot or location of the napkin where the fluid is locally released. The fluid received within this range hardly diffuses longitudinally and laterally, and settles downwardly and goes through straight from the top layer to the bottom one. Therefore, the retention capacity of the napkin of this type depends primarily on the thickness of fluff pulp. The fluid that moved through the thickness of fluff pulp locally collects on the waterproof paper 10 with a strong possibility of flowing out of the napkin along edges lOe.
Another problem found in the conventional sanitary napkins is that, even in a deteriorated condition wherein there is lateral leaking of the menstrual fluid, there are substantial portions of the napkin materials that remain unused and dry. This means a gross waste of the napkin materials. The napkin of Fig. 1 which utilizes several materials has the disadvantage that the cost of its manufacture is high to which is added the waste of costly high polymer absorbent paper not fully utilized along its longitudinal length. The materials in the region apart from the location where the fluid was received often does not serve the purpose of absorbing and retaining the 1uid. Tl~e l~apkin of Fig. 2 is also wasteful in that, of thc whole fluff pulp gathered thick and long, only limited portion 9s actually contributes to absorbing and retaining the fluid. Even side edges of the napkin have been found not utilized and dry in use.
~;~3~ 3 It is an object of the present invention to address the problems described so far by offering an economical sanitary napkin of low cost made of few materials yet capable of absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid to a large extent.
It is another object of the invention to offer a low cost sanitary napkin of which longitudinal length is bigger than its widthwise length, of which main material is one kind, and of which efficiency to absorb and retain menstrual fluid is enhanced by diffusing it longitudinally.
More specifically, a sanitary napkin according to the invention has a thick intermediate layer to diffuse the menstrual fluid so that substantial portion of the surface to contact with the human body is kept in a dry condition without causing any wet feeling. Physical elements such as mucous membrane, mucus, red corpuscles,- etc. are trapped between fibers during diffusion of the fluid, so that when the diffused fluid reaches side edges, it is clear filtered li~uid with no or little danger of soiling the clothing.
The sanitary napkin according to the invention which solves the problems illustrated above comprises a compression layer as its principal element (a sole absorption and retention member) of compressed but not entwined or little entwined fluff pulp fibers, with said compression layer folded to provide a first ply and a second ply. Such a compression layer has never existed in the conventional napkins.
The first and second plies are formed of a continuous belt like layer of fluff pulp in which fibers are not entwined, and the width of said belt like layer is the sum of widths of the first and second plies. Deodorant agent is applied onto a half width of the belt like layer to form the first ply, and the deodorant agent gets in between fibers and held there. Suitable volume of minute water particles obtained by splashing water drops from sprayers is applied onto the remaininghalf width forming the second ply to moisten the pulp of a certain thickness near the surface. A compression force substantially in the longitudinal direction of the belt like layer is applied to the moistened pulp fibers to orient the moistened fibers in said longitudinal direction as much, and as predominantly, as possible and to reduce the distances between the fibers.
Moistened fibers thus obtained are heated and dried to enhance entwining of fibers and to stabilize the orientation conferred by said application of pressure. A hard and skin like layer thus formed near the surface of the second ply shall herein-after referred to as a crust layer. The crust layer has been conferred a capillary act:ion morc predomillallt ln the longitudinal direction tharl :in the Lateral or widthwise direction.
Then, the first ply containing the deodorant agent is folded over the crust layer of the second ply along the longitudinal center line, and thus the first and the second plies are superposed with the layer containing deodorant agent and the crust layer abutting, or making contact with, each other. In the sanitary napkin according to the invention, the fluff pulp ply is so structured that it alone functions as a member to retain the fluid.
The sanitary napkin of the invention structured as described above has the crust layer which is conferred with the capillary action predominantly strong in the longitudinal direction, so that the menstrual fluid received locally on the napkin settles downwardly within said locality through the fluff pulp of the first ply and reaches the crust layer. Whereupon, the fluid is caused to be diffused by the crust layer predominantly in the longitudinal direction within the crust layer although a small amount of fluid may be diffused in the widthwise direction. The fluid does not thereafter settle downwardly within the same locality as was the case with the first ply. The fluid diffused in the crust layer makes close contact with the layer contzining the deodorant agent in contact with the crust layer to receive strong and effective deodorizing action. The fluid, while being diffused in the crust layer and deodorized, permeates into the thickness of the ~luff pulp of the second ply integral with the crust layer if there is a large quantity of fluid received successively. This permeation takes place throughout the whole of the surface area of the ~230~703 second ply in contact with the crust layer, and the area of the fluff pulp in the second ply that remains untouched and dry is small. And thus, the material used in the formation of the napkin is utilized well. The fluff pulp of the first ply outside the locality where the fluid was received remains dry. Since the surface of the first ply is the part that makes contact with the human body, the dry fluff pulp just mentioned serves the purpose of alleviating unpleasant feeling when the napkin is used.
Further, since the spot of the first ply that receives the fluid somewhat sinks down from the surface of the first ply, there is much less contact of the wet portion with the human skin which helps in avoiding unpleasant feeling. As the fluid received and retained by the second ply is deodorized, it does not generate unpleasant smell, rendering the napkin pleasant to use.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described referring to the attached drawings.
Referring to Fig. 3, a sanitary napkin according to the present invention is shown in a perspective view partially removed and sectioned with a laterally sectioned part marked CS and a longitudinally sectioned part marked LS. The napkin generally marked 11 is covered with an external wrapper 12 made of nonwoven fabric, for example, and one side edge 12a and end portions 12b of the wrapper are heat sealed. Inside the wrapper 12, there is enclosed a compressi.on layer 14 of Eolded plies of fluff pulp, and the compression layer 1~ is wrapped by a tissue paper 13 which was used as a stopper sheet when the compression layer 14 was formed.
.` ~ ~ ,r ~230703 The ,-ompressi.on layer 14 of fluff pulp is made of fluff pulp that has been compressed but not entwined, and the layer is folded to offer a first or upper ply 15 and a second or lower ply 18. Bottom part of the first ply that is in contact with an interface 17 of the first and second plies is a layer that contains deodorant agent marked 16, with a crust layer 19 being formed at the upper part of the second ply integral with said ply. The crust layer is a layer in which pulp fibers are oriented predominantly in a longitudinal direction L and in which the fibers are strongly entwined, so that a capillary action to move menstrual fluid ~; `,` ' ~
3l230703 along the interface 17 is predominantly enhanced in a iongitudinal direction. Such orientated capillary structure is schematically shown in Fig. 3 by black dots arranged regularly on the lateral cross section CS of the second ply 18 and by short thick lines on the longitudinal cross section LS.
Small dots placed at random on the interface 17 show schemati-cally a layer containing the deodorant agent.
A tissue paper 13 covers the upper surface of the first ply 15, side faces of the first and second plies and the lower surface of the second ply 18, and there is placed a waterproof paper 20 under the tissue paper covering the lower surface of the second ply. The waterproof paper 20 may be any ~ne of the conventional products. In the invention, a large quantity of menstrual fluid does not leak onto the waterproof paper after se~tling downwardly through the fluff pulp of the second ply, so that side edges.of the paper 20 need not be bent upwardly as done in the examples of Figures 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged partially longitudinally sectioned view to illustrate the action of absorbing, diffusing and retaining the menstrual fluid in the napkin 11 of the invention. The fluid received at a spot on the upper surface of the napkin settles clownwarclly within a certain location as shown ~y a hatched part 15s and reaches the crust layer 19 at the upper part of the second ply 18. There, the fluid is diffused in the crust layer 19 predominantly in 123~ 3 the longitudinal direction by a capillary action of the crust layer 19 which has been developed predominantly in the longitudinal direction, with a very small amount of fluid diffusing in the lateral direction. The mode of this diffusion, as shown in the hatched part along the crust layer 19~ was not seen in the conventional napkins.
Diffused fluid makes close contact with the deodorant agent 1~ in contact with the crust layer 19 and peculiar smell of the fluid is removed thereby. Fluid that cannot be retained by the crust layer 19 permeates little by little into the fluff pulp of the second ply 18. This permeation takes place substantially throughout the whole of the surface of the second ply 18 or the surface of the interface 17, so that the amount of fluid retained by the napkin of the invention is larger- than experienced in conventional napkins. Since the fluid thus retained is subjected to the deodorizing action at the interface 17, unpleasant smell is not generated.
Thus, in the sanitary napkin of the invention, substantially whole part of the fluid retaining member, particularly the fluff pulp of the second ply 18, is utilized to absorb and retain the Eluid with only a small part thereof remainin~ unu~ed~ so that eE;Ecctivc and economical utilizatioll oE the material is realized. ~urther, the napkin of the invention is almost entirely made of low cost fluff pulp and does not require any expensive high polymer absorbant, yet it performs the function of retaining the fluid more securely and surely.
Next, a method of manufacturing the sanitary napkin of the invention will be explained reference being made to Figures 5 and 6.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of an apparatus illustrating the initial stage of the manufacturing process.
First, a tissue paper 13 to be used as a stopper is rolled out of a tissue paper roll 21 to be fed onto a conveyer belt 22. The conveyer belt 22 is an air permeable belt running in a direction shown by an arrow A by several (three in the shown embodiment) rolls. There is provided above an upper run of the belt 22 a loader 23 in which is stored fluff pulp P. Under said upper run of the belt, there is provided a suction box 24 opposite the bottom of the loader 23. A pair of belts 25 are provided in the loader 23 in such a way that belts are tapered downwardly, and there are provided brushes 26 rotatable in the direction shown by an arrow. By rotation of the brushes, carding of the fluff pulp is carried out.
Fluff pulp that has gone through the carding continuously falls down on, or is supplied to, the tissue paper 13 on the belt 22. Since air is suctioned through the fluff pulp, the tissue paper ancl thc air permeable belt by the action of the suction box 24, the fluff pulp forms a compression layer in which the ~luff pulp is compressed but ]ittle entwined. A continuous belt like compression layer ~23~703 thus formed is fed continuously in a direction shown by an arrow A to a next stage, for example to a next conveyer 27.
The width of the belt like compression layer 14 is the sum of the width of the first ply and that of the second ply shown in Fig. 3. The tissue paper 13 remains in a condition closely adhering to the bottom of the belt like compression layer 14, and serves the purpose of keeping the compression layer intact so that the fluff pulp will not fall down or disintegrated when the compression layer is transferred from one stage to a next one.
Fig. 6 is a partial plan view of the apparatus to illustrate some steps subsequent to the initial stage shown in Fig. 5, the continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp being continuously fed in a direction shown by an arrow A on some conveyer belts not shown in Fig. 6.
The first step in connection with Fig. 6 is to apply minute particles of water on that part of the compression layer 14 to form a second ply 18 (Fig. 3). Minute particles of water are applied under a certain pressure by a suitab]e sprayer 28, and moisten the pulp fiber near the surface of the half width part oE the compressiorl ]aycr to Eorm the second ply 18. ~n Fig. 6, an array 29 of small dots schemati-cally shows the surface of the fluff pulp layer thus moistened.
Volume of water and/or the pressure to be applied determine the depth of the moistened pulp fiber and consequently the thickness of the crust layer to be formed later. The larger the quantity of water and the pressure applied, the thicker becomes the crust layer. In this regard, water of the weight 1/10 to 1/3 the weight of fluff pulp may be added to fluff pulp which is then subjected to a pressure within the range of 5 to 60 kg/cm2.
~owever, care should be taken not to apply such quantity of water that reduces the thickness of the half width part to such an extent that can visually be noted. In Figure 6, reference numeral 30 denotes a partition member that covers the remaining half width of the compression layer from minute water particles.
The partition member 30 may be omitted if the sprayer 28 can adequately control the orientation of water particles.
The moistened surface 29 is next subjected to an oriented application of pressure. This application of pressure may be carried out by causing a roll 31 which is lightly pressed against the surface 29 to be rotated in a direc-tion of an arrow.
Such an application of pressure has the effect of aligning moistened pulp fibers along the surface oE the half width part (18) and in the longitudinal direction (shown by the arrow A) to reduce the distances between Eibers and to bring about en-twining and/or bonding of fibers. In Figure 6, the arrange-ment of short ]ines 32 scherllatica1ly shows th(.'. I :i.be~ s tllus en-twined or bonded. Pulp Elbers entw:ined/bonded as ~ust described is heated and dried at the next stage of the process. Such a heating and drying may be effected by cclusing -the surface area 32 of the compression layer 14 to pass through under a suitable heating means 33. In pulp fibers that have undergone the moist-ening, orientated application of pressure, heating and drying .~_23~i7~3 described above, there are created weak hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl groups of the fibers, and thus there is formed the crust layer 19 conferred with capillary action that is predominantly effect-ive in the longitudinal direc-tion. In Figure 6, the arrangement of long continuous fine lines emphatically represents such capillary structure. The crust layer 19, which is integrally continuous with fluff pulp ply (the second ply 18 of Figure 3) that is compressed but little entwined, looks somewhat like a hard skin.
In a next stage, work steps are done to the remaining half width part (a part to become the first ply 15) of the belt like compression layer. Powdered or particulate deodorant ayent 16, supplied from a deodorant agent dispenser 34 provided above the remaining width 15, is distributed on the surface of the fluff pulp. Deodorant agent 16 rides on the surface of the fluff pulp layer or enters between pulp fibers near said surface.
However t in order to ensure that fluff pulp firmly holds the deodorant powder or particles on said surface, a light pressure, within a range of 0.5 to 6kg/square metre, is applied onto the surface. This is carried out by a rol] 35 lightly in contact with the fluff pulp sur-Eace and rota~.i.ng in the ~ r:ect:i.ol1 shown by an arrow.
Thus, a continuous belt like compression layer 14 o:E
fluff pulp of which half width parts underwen-t separate treatments respectively is~ at the next stage, folded together with the tissue paper at the bottom along a longitudinal ~ 3~
center line X, as shown by a big arrow 36. As a resul-t, a folded compression layer 14 of fluff pulp wrapped in the tissue paper 13 as shown in Fig. 3 is formed in a continuous elongated form.
Next, a continuous length of waterproof paper 20 (not shown in Fig. 6) is supplied to the compression layer 1~
under the tissue paper 13 under the second ply 18. The supply of the waterproof paper is carried out by rolling out a continuous length of waterproof paper from a roll provided beneath to join the bottom of the compression layer 14 while it is moving on two conveyer belts not shown which are similar to two conveyer belts 22, 27 shown in Fig. 5.
Thereafter, a continuous length of the compression layer 14 wrapped in the tissue paper 13 and bonded with the waterproof paper 20 is cut into piéces of the size of a sanitary napkin shown in Fig. 3. The severed article is wrapped with an exterior cover 12 of nonwoven fabric, for example, with one side edge as well as end portions thereof being then heat sealed as shown by references 12a and 12b.
A sanitary napkin 11 thus -formed is packed in a compact form by folding widthwise threefold, for example, and then is shipped.
A method of manufac-ture of a sanitary napkin of the invention may be applied to make disposable absorbent articles such as diaper, pads to be used in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology or batt of a bed. In manufacturing ~23~7~)3 articles of the width bigger than that of the sanitary napkin, the same steps as described above may be adopted with the width of the layers of the article and the conveyer belts carrying the same being modified accordingly.
The sanitary napkin described above utilizes low cost fluff pulp as a primary element, and has the crust layer formed by compressing, moistening, pressing and drying the fluff pulp to give to it an orientated capillary structure, so that the material making up the napkin is efficiently utilized both in the lateral and longitudinal directions to absorb and retain the fluid, thus preventing waste by throwing away a good deal of unused material.
In addition, since the napkin of the invention is efficient in its longitudinal diffusion action by the crust layer, it reduces the tendency to side leak as in conventional articles. The present napkin has a two layer structure of first and second plies of compressed fluff pulp with the crust layer located at the interface of these plies, so that, the surface of the first ply remains dry in use. This means that the surface of the napkin in contact with the user becomes relatively slightly wet which gives ~he user a pleasant feeling. Further, there is a layer containing deodorant agent adjacent to the crust layer diffusing the menstrual fluid to deodorize the fluid.
With the abovementioned method, fluff plup is not simply allowed to fall down and pile up, but is ~Z30~03 compressed by suction, enabling formation of a compression layer in which fibers are not entwined but are densely compressed. This enhances the capacity to absorb and retain menstrual fluid.
In the method of the invention, relatively inexpensive steps such as compressing, moistening, pressing and heating are applied to inexpensive material. Thus, a sanitary napkin excellent in its performance is offered at a low price
The common problem foundin these sanitary napkins is that the menstrual fluid issued locally or at a spot on the upper surface of the napkin settles downwardly, within the range of said spot, from the upper layer towards the bottom layer, and is unable to diffuse in the longitudinal direction L. Because of this, where volume of the fluid is large, it tends to leak in a lateral or widthwise direction W.
In the napkin shown in Fig. 1, absorbent papers 3, 5 such as crepe papers explained before are used for the purpose of drawing the fluid in a longitudinal direction. Nevertheless, the abovedescribed tendency of the fluid to settle down locally cannot be eliminated. As a result, the fluid is only retained by the high polymer absorbant within a limited area of the above explained spot and its surrounding part. The fluid beyond the limited retaining capacity of the high polymer absorbant that settles downwardly is not moved or transferred to those parts that still remain dry near the ends of the napkin and high polymer absorbant contained therein, and thus it leaks laterally or in the widthwise direction W. For the purpose of preventing such lateral leaking of the fluid, waterproof papers 7, 10 placecl a~ the bottom layer hclve their edges bent or curved upwardly as shown by reEerences 7e, lOe, but without much success.
The tendency of the menstrual fluid to settle downwardly locally is particularly manifest with the sanitary napkin of the kind shown in Fig. 2. In Fig. 2, a circle 9s in broken lines on the surface of fluff pulp 9 schematically 12307~)3 shows a spot or location of the napkin where the fluid is locally released. The fluid received within this range hardly diffuses longitudinally and laterally, and settles downwardly and goes through straight from the top layer to the bottom one. Therefore, the retention capacity of the napkin of this type depends primarily on the thickness of fluff pulp. The fluid that moved through the thickness of fluff pulp locally collects on the waterproof paper 10 with a strong possibility of flowing out of the napkin along edges lOe.
Another problem found in the conventional sanitary napkins is that, even in a deteriorated condition wherein there is lateral leaking of the menstrual fluid, there are substantial portions of the napkin materials that remain unused and dry. This means a gross waste of the napkin materials. The napkin of Fig. 1 which utilizes several materials has the disadvantage that the cost of its manufacture is high to which is added the waste of costly high polymer absorbent paper not fully utilized along its longitudinal length. The materials in the region apart from the location where the fluid was received often does not serve the purpose of absorbing and retaining the 1uid. Tl~e l~apkin of Fig. 2 is also wasteful in that, of thc whole fluff pulp gathered thick and long, only limited portion 9s actually contributes to absorbing and retaining the fluid. Even side edges of the napkin have been found not utilized and dry in use.
~;~3~ 3 It is an object of the present invention to address the problems described so far by offering an economical sanitary napkin of low cost made of few materials yet capable of absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid to a large extent.
It is another object of the invention to offer a low cost sanitary napkin of which longitudinal length is bigger than its widthwise length, of which main material is one kind, and of which efficiency to absorb and retain menstrual fluid is enhanced by diffusing it longitudinally.
More specifically, a sanitary napkin according to the invention has a thick intermediate layer to diffuse the menstrual fluid so that substantial portion of the surface to contact with the human body is kept in a dry condition without causing any wet feeling. Physical elements such as mucous membrane, mucus, red corpuscles,- etc. are trapped between fibers during diffusion of the fluid, so that when the diffused fluid reaches side edges, it is clear filtered li~uid with no or little danger of soiling the clothing.
The sanitary napkin according to the invention which solves the problems illustrated above comprises a compression layer as its principal element (a sole absorption and retention member) of compressed but not entwined or little entwined fluff pulp fibers, with said compression layer folded to provide a first ply and a second ply. Such a compression layer has never existed in the conventional napkins.
The first and second plies are formed of a continuous belt like layer of fluff pulp in which fibers are not entwined, and the width of said belt like layer is the sum of widths of the first and second plies. Deodorant agent is applied onto a half width of the belt like layer to form the first ply, and the deodorant agent gets in between fibers and held there. Suitable volume of minute water particles obtained by splashing water drops from sprayers is applied onto the remaininghalf width forming the second ply to moisten the pulp of a certain thickness near the surface. A compression force substantially in the longitudinal direction of the belt like layer is applied to the moistened pulp fibers to orient the moistened fibers in said longitudinal direction as much, and as predominantly, as possible and to reduce the distances between the fibers.
Moistened fibers thus obtained are heated and dried to enhance entwining of fibers and to stabilize the orientation conferred by said application of pressure. A hard and skin like layer thus formed near the surface of the second ply shall herein-after referred to as a crust layer. The crust layer has been conferred a capillary act:ion morc predomillallt ln the longitudinal direction tharl :in the Lateral or widthwise direction.
Then, the first ply containing the deodorant agent is folded over the crust layer of the second ply along the longitudinal center line, and thus the first and the second plies are superposed with the layer containing deodorant agent and the crust layer abutting, or making contact with, each other. In the sanitary napkin according to the invention, the fluff pulp ply is so structured that it alone functions as a member to retain the fluid.
The sanitary napkin of the invention structured as described above has the crust layer which is conferred with the capillary action predominantly strong in the longitudinal direction, so that the menstrual fluid received locally on the napkin settles downwardly within said locality through the fluff pulp of the first ply and reaches the crust layer. Whereupon, the fluid is caused to be diffused by the crust layer predominantly in the longitudinal direction within the crust layer although a small amount of fluid may be diffused in the widthwise direction. The fluid does not thereafter settle downwardly within the same locality as was the case with the first ply. The fluid diffused in the crust layer makes close contact with the layer contzining the deodorant agent in contact with the crust layer to receive strong and effective deodorizing action. The fluid, while being diffused in the crust layer and deodorized, permeates into the thickness of the ~luff pulp of the second ply integral with the crust layer if there is a large quantity of fluid received successively. This permeation takes place throughout the whole of the surface area of the ~230~703 second ply in contact with the crust layer, and the area of the fluff pulp in the second ply that remains untouched and dry is small. And thus, the material used in the formation of the napkin is utilized well. The fluff pulp of the first ply outside the locality where the fluid was received remains dry. Since the surface of the first ply is the part that makes contact with the human body, the dry fluff pulp just mentioned serves the purpose of alleviating unpleasant feeling when the napkin is used.
Further, since the spot of the first ply that receives the fluid somewhat sinks down from the surface of the first ply, there is much less contact of the wet portion with the human skin which helps in avoiding unpleasant feeling. As the fluid received and retained by the second ply is deodorized, it does not generate unpleasant smell, rendering the napkin pleasant to use.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described referring to the attached drawings.
Referring to Fig. 3, a sanitary napkin according to the present invention is shown in a perspective view partially removed and sectioned with a laterally sectioned part marked CS and a longitudinally sectioned part marked LS. The napkin generally marked 11 is covered with an external wrapper 12 made of nonwoven fabric, for example, and one side edge 12a and end portions 12b of the wrapper are heat sealed. Inside the wrapper 12, there is enclosed a compressi.on layer 14 of Eolded plies of fluff pulp, and the compression layer 1~ is wrapped by a tissue paper 13 which was used as a stopper sheet when the compression layer 14 was formed.
.` ~ ~ ,r ~230703 The ,-ompressi.on layer 14 of fluff pulp is made of fluff pulp that has been compressed but not entwined, and the layer is folded to offer a first or upper ply 15 and a second or lower ply 18. Bottom part of the first ply that is in contact with an interface 17 of the first and second plies is a layer that contains deodorant agent marked 16, with a crust layer 19 being formed at the upper part of the second ply integral with said ply. The crust layer is a layer in which pulp fibers are oriented predominantly in a longitudinal direction L and in which the fibers are strongly entwined, so that a capillary action to move menstrual fluid ~; `,` ' ~
3l230703 along the interface 17 is predominantly enhanced in a iongitudinal direction. Such orientated capillary structure is schematically shown in Fig. 3 by black dots arranged regularly on the lateral cross section CS of the second ply 18 and by short thick lines on the longitudinal cross section LS.
Small dots placed at random on the interface 17 show schemati-cally a layer containing the deodorant agent.
A tissue paper 13 covers the upper surface of the first ply 15, side faces of the first and second plies and the lower surface of the second ply 18, and there is placed a waterproof paper 20 under the tissue paper covering the lower surface of the second ply. The waterproof paper 20 may be any ~ne of the conventional products. In the invention, a large quantity of menstrual fluid does not leak onto the waterproof paper after se~tling downwardly through the fluff pulp of the second ply, so that side edges.of the paper 20 need not be bent upwardly as done in the examples of Figures 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged partially longitudinally sectioned view to illustrate the action of absorbing, diffusing and retaining the menstrual fluid in the napkin 11 of the invention. The fluid received at a spot on the upper surface of the napkin settles clownwarclly within a certain location as shown ~y a hatched part 15s and reaches the crust layer 19 at the upper part of the second ply 18. There, the fluid is diffused in the crust layer 19 predominantly in 123~ 3 the longitudinal direction by a capillary action of the crust layer 19 which has been developed predominantly in the longitudinal direction, with a very small amount of fluid diffusing in the lateral direction. The mode of this diffusion, as shown in the hatched part along the crust layer 19~ was not seen in the conventional napkins.
Diffused fluid makes close contact with the deodorant agent 1~ in contact with the crust layer 19 and peculiar smell of the fluid is removed thereby. Fluid that cannot be retained by the crust layer 19 permeates little by little into the fluff pulp of the second ply 18. This permeation takes place substantially throughout the whole of the surface of the second ply 18 or the surface of the interface 17, so that the amount of fluid retained by the napkin of the invention is larger- than experienced in conventional napkins. Since the fluid thus retained is subjected to the deodorizing action at the interface 17, unpleasant smell is not generated.
Thus, in the sanitary napkin of the invention, substantially whole part of the fluid retaining member, particularly the fluff pulp of the second ply 18, is utilized to absorb and retain the Eluid with only a small part thereof remainin~ unu~ed~ so that eE;Ecctivc and economical utilizatioll oE the material is realized. ~urther, the napkin of the invention is almost entirely made of low cost fluff pulp and does not require any expensive high polymer absorbant, yet it performs the function of retaining the fluid more securely and surely.
Next, a method of manufacturing the sanitary napkin of the invention will be explained reference being made to Figures 5 and 6.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of an apparatus illustrating the initial stage of the manufacturing process.
First, a tissue paper 13 to be used as a stopper is rolled out of a tissue paper roll 21 to be fed onto a conveyer belt 22. The conveyer belt 22 is an air permeable belt running in a direction shown by an arrow A by several (three in the shown embodiment) rolls. There is provided above an upper run of the belt 22 a loader 23 in which is stored fluff pulp P. Under said upper run of the belt, there is provided a suction box 24 opposite the bottom of the loader 23. A pair of belts 25 are provided in the loader 23 in such a way that belts are tapered downwardly, and there are provided brushes 26 rotatable in the direction shown by an arrow. By rotation of the brushes, carding of the fluff pulp is carried out.
Fluff pulp that has gone through the carding continuously falls down on, or is supplied to, the tissue paper 13 on the belt 22. Since air is suctioned through the fluff pulp, the tissue paper ancl thc air permeable belt by the action of the suction box 24, the fluff pulp forms a compression layer in which the ~luff pulp is compressed but ]ittle entwined. A continuous belt like compression layer ~23~703 thus formed is fed continuously in a direction shown by an arrow A to a next stage, for example to a next conveyer 27.
The width of the belt like compression layer 14 is the sum of the width of the first ply and that of the second ply shown in Fig. 3. The tissue paper 13 remains in a condition closely adhering to the bottom of the belt like compression layer 14, and serves the purpose of keeping the compression layer intact so that the fluff pulp will not fall down or disintegrated when the compression layer is transferred from one stage to a next one.
Fig. 6 is a partial plan view of the apparatus to illustrate some steps subsequent to the initial stage shown in Fig. 5, the continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp being continuously fed in a direction shown by an arrow A on some conveyer belts not shown in Fig. 6.
The first step in connection with Fig. 6 is to apply minute particles of water on that part of the compression layer 14 to form a second ply 18 (Fig. 3). Minute particles of water are applied under a certain pressure by a suitab]e sprayer 28, and moisten the pulp fiber near the surface of the half width part oE the compressiorl ]aycr to Eorm the second ply 18. ~n Fig. 6, an array 29 of small dots schemati-cally shows the surface of the fluff pulp layer thus moistened.
Volume of water and/or the pressure to be applied determine the depth of the moistened pulp fiber and consequently the thickness of the crust layer to be formed later. The larger the quantity of water and the pressure applied, the thicker becomes the crust layer. In this regard, water of the weight 1/10 to 1/3 the weight of fluff pulp may be added to fluff pulp which is then subjected to a pressure within the range of 5 to 60 kg/cm2.
~owever, care should be taken not to apply such quantity of water that reduces the thickness of the half width part to such an extent that can visually be noted. In Figure 6, reference numeral 30 denotes a partition member that covers the remaining half width of the compression layer from minute water particles.
The partition member 30 may be omitted if the sprayer 28 can adequately control the orientation of water particles.
The moistened surface 29 is next subjected to an oriented application of pressure. This application of pressure may be carried out by causing a roll 31 which is lightly pressed against the surface 29 to be rotated in a direc-tion of an arrow.
Such an application of pressure has the effect of aligning moistened pulp fibers along the surface oE the half width part (18) and in the longitudinal direction (shown by the arrow A) to reduce the distances between Eibers and to bring about en-twining and/or bonding of fibers. In Figure 6, the arrange-ment of short ]ines 32 scherllatica1ly shows th(.'. I :i.be~ s tllus en-twined or bonded. Pulp Elbers entw:ined/bonded as ~ust described is heated and dried at the next stage of the process. Such a heating and drying may be effected by cclusing -the surface area 32 of the compression layer 14 to pass through under a suitable heating means 33. In pulp fibers that have undergone the moist-ening, orientated application of pressure, heating and drying .~_23~i7~3 described above, there are created weak hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl groups of the fibers, and thus there is formed the crust layer 19 conferred with capillary action that is predominantly effect-ive in the longitudinal direc-tion. In Figure 6, the arrangement of long continuous fine lines emphatically represents such capillary structure. The crust layer 19, which is integrally continuous with fluff pulp ply (the second ply 18 of Figure 3) that is compressed but little entwined, looks somewhat like a hard skin.
In a next stage, work steps are done to the remaining half width part (a part to become the first ply 15) of the belt like compression layer. Powdered or particulate deodorant ayent 16, supplied from a deodorant agent dispenser 34 provided above the remaining width 15, is distributed on the surface of the fluff pulp. Deodorant agent 16 rides on the surface of the fluff pulp layer or enters between pulp fibers near said surface.
However t in order to ensure that fluff pulp firmly holds the deodorant powder or particles on said surface, a light pressure, within a range of 0.5 to 6kg/square metre, is applied onto the surface. This is carried out by a rol] 35 lightly in contact with the fluff pulp sur-Eace and rota~.i.ng in the ~ r:ect:i.ol1 shown by an arrow.
Thus, a continuous belt like compression layer 14 o:E
fluff pulp of which half width parts underwen-t separate treatments respectively is~ at the next stage, folded together with the tissue paper at the bottom along a longitudinal ~ 3~
center line X, as shown by a big arrow 36. As a resul-t, a folded compression layer 14 of fluff pulp wrapped in the tissue paper 13 as shown in Fig. 3 is formed in a continuous elongated form.
Next, a continuous length of waterproof paper 20 (not shown in Fig. 6) is supplied to the compression layer 1~
under the tissue paper 13 under the second ply 18. The supply of the waterproof paper is carried out by rolling out a continuous length of waterproof paper from a roll provided beneath to join the bottom of the compression layer 14 while it is moving on two conveyer belts not shown which are similar to two conveyer belts 22, 27 shown in Fig. 5.
Thereafter, a continuous length of the compression layer 14 wrapped in the tissue paper 13 and bonded with the waterproof paper 20 is cut into piéces of the size of a sanitary napkin shown in Fig. 3. The severed article is wrapped with an exterior cover 12 of nonwoven fabric, for example, with one side edge as well as end portions thereof being then heat sealed as shown by references 12a and 12b.
A sanitary napkin 11 thus -formed is packed in a compact form by folding widthwise threefold, for example, and then is shipped.
A method of manufac-ture of a sanitary napkin of the invention may be applied to make disposable absorbent articles such as diaper, pads to be used in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology or batt of a bed. In manufacturing ~23~7~)3 articles of the width bigger than that of the sanitary napkin, the same steps as described above may be adopted with the width of the layers of the article and the conveyer belts carrying the same being modified accordingly.
The sanitary napkin described above utilizes low cost fluff pulp as a primary element, and has the crust layer formed by compressing, moistening, pressing and drying the fluff pulp to give to it an orientated capillary structure, so that the material making up the napkin is efficiently utilized both in the lateral and longitudinal directions to absorb and retain the fluid, thus preventing waste by throwing away a good deal of unused material.
In addition, since the napkin of the invention is efficient in its longitudinal diffusion action by the crust layer, it reduces the tendency to side leak as in conventional articles. The present napkin has a two layer structure of first and second plies of compressed fluff pulp with the crust layer located at the interface of these plies, so that, the surface of the first ply remains dry in use. This means that the surface of the napkin in contact with the user becomes relatively slightly wet which gives ~he user a pleasant feeling. Further, there is a layer containing deodorant agent adjacent to the crust layer diffusing the menstrual fluid to deodorize the fluid.
With the abovementioned method, fluff plup is not simply allowed to fall down and pile up, but is ~Z30~03 compressed by suction, enabling formation of a compression layer in which fibers are not entwined but are densely compressed. This enhances the capacity to absorb and retain menstrual fluid.
In the method of the invention, relatively inexpensive steps such as compressing, moistening, pressing and heating are applied to inexpensive material. Thus, a sanitary napkin excellent in its performance is offered at a low price
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A sanitary napkin which is characterized in that:
it comprises a first ply and a second ply which are made by folding a compression layer of fluff pulp fibers that are compressed but not entwined, a layer of fluff pulp fibers containing deodorant agent between fibers is provided at an interface of said first and second plies, a crust layer comprising pulp fibers which are ori-entated predominantly longitudinally and are enhanced in their bonding is formed integral with said second ply under the interface, thereby a capillary action is enhanced predom-inantly in the longitudinal direction at said interface of the first and second plies.
it comprises a first ply and a second ply which are made by folding a compression layer of fluff pulp fibers that are compressed but not entwined, a layer of fluff pulp fibers containing deodorant agent between fibers is provided at an interface of said first and second plies, a crust layer comprising pulp fibers which are ori-entated predominantly longitudinally and are enhanced in their bonding is formed integral with said second ply under the interface, thereby a capillary action is enhanced predom-inantly in the longitudinal direction at said interface of the first and second plies.
2. A sanitary napkin according to claim 1 wherein a waterproof means is provided under said second ply through a stopper sheet means and the entire exterior is covered with a wrapping means.
3. A sanitary napkin according to claim 2 wherein said stopper sheet means is a porous sheet, and said wrapping means is a nonwoven fabric.
4. A method of manufacturing a sanitary napkin which is characterized by the steps of:
(a) to run continuously in one direction a continuous length of air permeable stopper sheet means of a width substantially two times a width of a sanitary napkin to be manufactured by causing said sheet means to ride on an air permeable conveyer means running in said one direction, (b) to supply fluff pulp towards said air permeable conveyer means and to suck air through the stopper sheet means from under the conveyer means to form on said stopper sheet means a compression layer of fluff pulp spreading on substantially entire width of said sheet means, thereby to form a continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp of a predetermined thickness and a width substantially equal to that of said stopper sheet means, (c) to apply minute particles of water on a region of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp, said region having a width substantially one half the width of said compression layer, to moisten pulp fibers of a thickness near the surface of said region, (d) to apply pressure on said moistened region in a direction substantially parallel to a running direction of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp to align pulp fibers of said moistened region in a longitudinal running direction and shorten distances between said fibers, (e) to apply heat to said moistened region that has been pressed to dry said moistened pulp fibers, thereby enhancing bonding of fibers while stabilizing the orientation of fibers conferred by a previous process, and to form a crust layer to one half the width of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp with a capillary action in a longitudinal direction enhanced, (f) to apply deodorant agent to the remaining one half of width of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp and to cause said agent to be retained between fibers near the surface thereof, (g) to fold, along a longitudinal center line of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp, said one half width part containing said deodorant agent together with a stopper sheet means thereunder onto said crust layer to form a continuous length of compression layer of fluff pulp of a thickness substantially two times said predetermined thickness and a width substantially one half the width of said belt like compression layer, and (h) to sever crosswise said folded and continuous length of compression layer of fluff pulp in a size of predetermined length of a final product.
(a) to run continuously in one direction a continuous length of air permeable stopper sheet means of a width substantially two times a width of a sanitary napkin to be manufactured by causing said sheet means to ride on an air permeable conveyer means running in said one direction, (b) to supply fluff pulp towards said air permeable conveyer means and to suck air through the stopper sheet means from under the conveyer means to form on said stopper sheet means a compression layer of fluff pulp spreading on substantially entire width of said sheet means, thereby to form a continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp of a predetermined thickness and a width substantially equal to that of said stopper sheet means, (c) to apply minute particles of water on a region of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp, said region having a width substantially one half the width of said compression layer, to moisten pulp fibers of a thickness near the surface of said region, (d) to apply pressure on said moistened region in a direction substantially parallel to a running direction of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp to align pulp fibers of said moistened region in a longitudinal running direction and shorten distances between said fibers, (e) to apply heat to said moistened region that has been pressed to dry said moistened pulp fibers, thereby enhancing bonding of fibers while stabilizing the orientation of fibers conferred by a previous process, and to form a crust layer to one half the width of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp with a capillary action in a longitudinal direction enhanced, (f) to apply deodorant agent to the remaining one half of width of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp and to cause said agent to be retained between fibers near the surface thereof, (g) to fold, along a longitudinal center line of said continuous belt like compression layer of fluff pulp, said one half width part containing said deodorant agent together with a stopper sheet means thereunder onto said crust layer to form a continuous length of compression layer of fluff pulp of a thickness substantially two times said predetermined thickness and a width substantially one half the width of said belt like compression layer, and (h) to sever crosswise said folded and continuous length of compression layer of fluff pulp in a size of predetermined length of a final product.
5. A method of claim 4 wherein a light pressure, within a range of 0.5 to 6 kg/square metre, is applied to said remaining one half width part after application of said deodorant agent.
6. A method of claim 4 wherein said crosswise severance is carried out after supplying a continuous length of waterproof sheet means under said stopper sheet means which is under said folded continuous compression layer of fluff pulp.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP158839 | 1984-07-31 | ||
| JP15883984A JPS6137157A (en) | 1984-07-31 | 1984-07-31 | Sanitary napkin and its production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1230703A true CA1230703A (en) | 1987-12-29 |
Family
ID=15680525
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000465835A Expired CA1230703A (en) | 1984-07-31 | 1984-10-19 | Sanitary napkin and a method of its manufacture |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6137157A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1230703A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5607414A (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1997-03-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Catamenial absorbent structures having thermally bonded layers for improved handling of menstrual fluids, and their use in catamenial pads having improved fit and comfort |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62189723U (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1987-12-02 | ||
| JP2008132240A (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-12 | Kao Corp | Absorbent article |
-
1984
- 1984-07-31 JP JP15883984A patent/JPS6137157A/en active Pending
- 1984-10-19 CA CA000465835A patent/CA1230703A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5607414A (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1997-03-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Catamenial absorbent structures having thermally bonded layers for improved handling of menstrual fluids, and their use in catamenial pads having improved fit and comfort |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6137157A (en) | 1986-02-22 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |