CA1229846A - Mixing and feeding apparatus - Google Patents
Mixing and feeding apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1229846A CA1229846A CA000527363A CA527363A CA1229846A CA 1229846 A CA1229846 A CA 1229846A CA 000527363 A CA000527363 A CA 000527363A CA 527363 A CA527363 A CA 527363A CA 1229846 A CA1229846 A CA 1229846A
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- water
- mixing
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Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The mixing and feeding apparatus comprises a frame on which is mounted a polymer delivering pump and a water delivering mechanism. The frame also supports a mixer which includes a vessel for receiving the polymer and the water. The vessel has a cylindrical chamber and an impeller mounted for rotation about the cylindrical axis.
The polymer delivering pump operates in a pulsating manner.
The polymer delivering pump operates in a pulsating manner.
Description
~Z~
MIXING ~ND FE~:DING APP~R~TI~S
Back~round of the Invention This invention relates generally to apparatus which mixes two liquids, and specifically to such an ap-paratus ~hich mixes a~viscous liquid polymer with water to provide a diluted polymex of particular use in the treatment of water.
Pol~ners are commonly used in water treatment equipment in order to remove solids suspended in the wa-ter. Polymers, or polyelectrolytes as they are some-times called, carry an electrostatic charge which attracts particles suspended in water. Si~ce virtually all solids carry a negative or positive charge, they are attracted ~o these po,~ymers. Polymers are extreme-ly large with millions of charge sites that attract sus-pended particles.
Polymer is available in dry or liquid form. Dry polymers are inactive because the molecules are coiled.
~lthough being less expensive, dry polymers require complex and costly equipment to be converted into the active, l;quid state~ Liquid polymer may be highly con-centrated, containing 15-30~ active polymer, in which case the molecules are only partially uncoiled.
Concentrated liquid polymer is prepared from dry poly-mtr at chemical processing plants under exacting condi-tions using expensive equ;pment. These chernical ~22~
processing plants axe capable of providing the polymer at any selected concentration.
The more dilutea the polyrner the shorter its use-ful life. Dry polymer lasts indefinitelyr concentrated liquid polymer lasts several months, and dilute polymer of a concentration of a Eew per cent aeteriorates in days. It is the last form which is most effective in water treatment because the molecules are fully un-coiled to provide a maximum number of charge sites to attract particles suspended in the water to be treated.
But, polymer so diluted will lose much of its effec-tiveness during shipment and storage. It is, there-fore, advantageous to ship concentrated polymer to the site of the water treatment apparatus and there provide mixing equipment to dilute the polymer and produce only as much diluted polymer as needed on a daily basis, for example.
But, in the diluted condition the uncoiled poly~
mers are delicate and the chains are easily broken Nor is dilution easily accomplished since the polymers do not mix readily with water.
Currently the concentrated polymer arrives at khe treatment facility in drums and is transferred by use of year pumps into mixing tanks containing water. Gear purnps tend to damage the concentrated polymer. In the tanks, m;xers are used to mix the water and polymer.
Metering pumps feed the diluted polymer to th~ water that is to be treated. Such systems range in price from $5,000 to ~50,000. The mixers tend to create a yreat deal of shear causing the delicate polymer chains
MIXING ~ND FE~:DING APP~R~TI~S
Back~round of the Invention This invention relates generally to apparatus which mixes two liquids, and specifically to such an ap-paratus ~hich mixes a~viscous liquid polymer with water to provide a diluted polymex of particular use in the treatment of water.
Pol~ners are commonly used in water treatment equipment in order to remove solids suspended in the wa-ter. Polymers, or polyelectrolytes as they are some-times called, carry an electrostatic charge which attracts particles suspended in water. Si~ce virtually all solids carry a negative or positive charge, they are attracted ~o these po,~ymers. Polymers are extreme-ly large with millions of charge sites that attract sus-pended particles.
Polymer is available in dry or liquid form. Dry polymers are inactive because the molecules are coiled.
~lthough being less expensive, dry polymers require complex and costly equipment to be converted into the active, l;quid state~ Liquid polymer may be highly con-centrated, containing 15-30~ active polymer, in which case the molecules are only partially uncoiled.
Concentrated liquid polymer is prepared from dry poly-mtr at chemical processing plants under exacting condi-tions using expensive equ;pment. These chernical ~22~
processing plants axe capable of providing the polymer at any selected concentration.
The more dilutea the polyrner the shorter its use-ful life. Dry polymer lasts indefinitelyr concentrated liquid polymer lasts several months, and dilute polymer of a concentration of a Eew per cent aeteriorates in days. It is the last form which is most effective in water treatment because the molecules are fully un-coiled to provide a maximum number of charge sites to attract particles suspended in the water to be treated.
But, polymer so diluted will lose much of its effec-tiveness during shipment and storage. It is, there-fore, advantageous to ship concentrated polymer to the site of the water treatment apparatus and there provide mixing equipment to dilute the polymer and produce only as much diluted polymer as needed on a daily basis, for example.
But, in the diluted condition the uncoiled poly~
mers are delicate and the chains are easily broken Nor is dilution easily accomplished since the polymers do not mix readily with water.
Currently the concentrated polymer arrives at khe treatment facility in drums and is transferred by use of year pumps into mixing tanks containing water. Gear purnps tend to damage the concentrated polymer. In the tanks, m;xers are used to mix the water and polymer.
Metering pumps feed the diluted polymer to th~ water that is to be treated. Such systems range in price from $5,000 to ~50,000. The mixers tend to create a yreat deal of shear causing the delicate polymer chains
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3~3~6 to be broken and clump together. The mixer is small compared to the size of the mixing tank, causing highly localized mixing action so that the product thus pro-duced is not very uniform. Nor is it easy to control precise;y the concentration in the tank to match the concentration as specified by the polymer manufacturer to provide optimum water treatment. Also, such equip-ment makes it difficult to produce the same concentra-tion from batch to batch. Gear pumps do not enable adjusting the rate of flow of the concentrated polymer into the tank unless complicated and expensive varîable speed drives are utilized.
Generally, conventional polymer feed systems are expensive to purchase and to operate, require ~requent maintenance, and do not provide a satisfactory product.
Summary of the Invention It is therefore an important object of the present invention to provide a mixing apparatus which can uni formly mix two liquids at a selected concentration at reduced ~ost.
Another object is to pro~ide a mixing and feeding apparatus which mixes concentrated polymer with water while subjecting the polymer to a minimum amount of shear.
Another object is to provide mixing and feeding ap-paratus which produces dilute polymer to a desired con-centration consistently and repeatably and is precisely controllable.
'~L2~
Another object is to provide mixing and feeding ap-paratus which delivers the diluted polymer continuously rather than pulsatin~ly.
In summary, -there is provided a mixing and feeding apparatus for receiving polymer and water and for activating and cliluting the polymer, comprising a vessel defining a sub-stantially cy:Lindrical chamber therein, said chamber having a cylindrical axis, polymer inlet means for carrying the poly-mer to said chamber, pump means for pulsatingly delivering the polymer to said polymer inlet means, water inlet means for carrying the water to said chamber, ou-tlet means for carrying the activated and diluted polymer away from said vessel, an impeller mechanism mounted in said chamber for rotation about the cylindrical axis thereof, means for rotat-ing said impeller mechanism and means for con-tinuously movincJ
water through said water inlet means and into the chamber for mi~in~ therein and thereby causing continuous delivery of the activated and diluted polymer from said outlet means.
The invention consists of certain novel features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustra-ted in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood t:hat various changes in the details may be made ~ithout departing .Erom the spirit, or sacrificincJ any of the advan-tacJes of the present invention.
Brie:E Description of the Drawinc~s For the purpose of facili-tatlny an understarlding of the invent.ion, there is illustrated ln the accompan~-ing drawinc3s a preferred embodiment thereof, from an in-spection of ~hich, when considered in connection withthe following description~ the invention, its construc-tion and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated FIG. 1 is a rear elevational view of a mixing and feeding apparatus incorporating the features of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the mixing and feeding apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the mixing and feeding apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the mixing and feed-ing apparatus;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the mixer po.rtion of the mixi.ng and feeding apparatus;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view in vertical section tak-en along the line 6-6 of FIG. 2, o the mixer portion of the m;xing and feeding apparatus without the outlet fitting and the drain plug;
;~o FIG. 7 is a view in horizontal section taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG~ 8 is a view like FIG. 7, but on a reduced scale, illustrating backmixing vanes;
FIG. 9 is a fragrnentary elevational view on a re-duced scale, o the rnixer illustrating the backmixing vanes.
FIG. 10 is a plan view c:f a bottom wall for use in a second embodiment to the present invention, the fins heing shown in phantom;
FIG. 11 is a view in vertical section taken along the line 11-11 of FI~. 12; and FIG. 12 is a fragmentary view in vertical section taken along the line 12-1~ of FIG. 10.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Turniny now to the drawings and more particularly to FIGS. 1-4 thereof, there is depicted a mixing and feeding apparatus incorporating the features of the present invention and generally designated by the numer-al 10. The apparatus 10 is for use w,ith a drum of'con-centrated polymer and a source of water. The apparatus 10 draws polymer from the drum and receives water from the supply, mixes the pol~ner and the watQr, and pro-vides a homogeneous diluted polymer of the desired concentration.
The mixing and feeding apparatus 10 comprises a frame 11 which is generally U-shaped in transverse cross section, as viewed in FIG. 2~ The frame 11 in-clude~ a front panel 12 and a rear panel 13. The bottoms ~f the panels 12 and 13 are inturned and at-tached to a generally square base 14. A set o~ four ~eet 15 is attached to the inturned flanges of the pan-els 12 and 13.
The rnixing and feeding apparatus 10 comprises a polymer delivery mechanism 20, the basic element of which is a non-gear type pump 21. The purnp 21 includes a totally enclosed pump drive with no exposed movi}lg parts and is capable o~ rnoving highly viscous materials sl~ch as concentrated liquid polymer. The output o~' the ~um~ is pulsating in order to pro~ide a means of accu-rately adjusting the delivery rate. The pump 21 has anend or head 22 that is particularly adapted to pumpin~
viscous polymer. ~n operative embodiment of the mixing and feeding apparatus lD incorporated a pump made by Liquid Metronics, Incorporated of Acton, Massachusetts and particularly its model No. A111-86. Such pump is adjustable to enable selection of -the rate of flow Qf the polymex from .02 gallon per hour to 1 gallon per hour at a pressure of 8Q psi. Such pump has an adjust-able stroke lenyth and stroke frequency and operates on115 volts AC. The head 22 has an inlet ~itting 23 for connection by way of tubing to a drum or tank (not shown) containing the undiluted or "neat" polymer. The head 22 also has an outlet fitting 24 which is connect-ed to one end of tubing ~5, the other end of which is connected to a fitting 26. A nozzle 27 may be incorpo-rated into the head 22 for priming purposes. The stroke frequency is controlled by a knob 28 and the stroke length is controlled b~ a kno~ 29. Th frequen-cy is adj~stable from 4 to 100 actua-tions per minute, each stroke moving ~63 cc. The knob 2~ establîshes the stroke length at any point between 20% to 100~ of its maximum. The stroke length is preferably set above 50%.
The mixing and feeding apparatus 10 further com-prises a water delivery mechanism 30 which includec an inlet port 31 for connection to a supply of water.
Fitting 32 connects the inlet port 31 to a solenoid valve 33 which is normally closed. As soon as power i5 supplied to the apparatus 10, the valve 33 is opened and water flows through tubing 34 into a flow meter 35.
An operati~e embodiment incorp~rated a ~low meter 35 made by Dwyer Instrumentsl Inc. of Michigan City, Indiana. It has a knob 36 to control the rate of water flow from 0 to 100 gallons per hour.
The apparatus 10 f~lrther ~omprises a mixer 40 the details of which are best seen in FIGS. 5-7. The mixer 40 in turn comprises a cylindrical vessel 41 defined by a generally cylindrical barrel 42 and syuare top and bottom walls 43 and 4~. The barrel 42 is preferably forrned of clear acrylic so that the operator can ob-serve the interior and thus know whether any malfunc-tion is occurring. The bottom of the top wall 43 and the top of the bottom wall 44 have circular grooves therein with a diameter egual to the diameter of the barrel 42 and respectively receiving O-rings 45 there-in. The ends of the barrel 42 are located in the grooves in contact with the O-rings 45. The top wall 43 has a set of four holes 46 arranged near the cor-ners, and being vertically aligned with an identical set of fo~r holes 46 in the bottom wall 44. A set of four rods 47 having threaded ends are located respec-tively in the vertically aligned pairs of holes and are held in place by means of washers 48 and nuts 49r which compress the O-rings 45 so as to define a liquid-tight chamber 50 inside the vessel 41.
I,ocate,d within the chamber 50 is a noz~le 55 which actually is a short length of pipe 56 having one end closed by a plug 57 and a slit 58 in the side wall. In an operative embodimellt, the slit 58 had ro~,~rlded ends and measured 1~ inch in length. The other end of the pipe 56 is of reduced diameter and fits within a verti-cally oriented bore 59 in the bottom wall 44. The ~ore 59 cornrnunicates with a polymer inlet bore 60 and a wa-ter inlet bore 61, both of which are horizontally ori-ented. A drain bore 63 in the bo-ttom wall 44 is also horizontally oriented, its axis being perpendicular to the axes of the bores 60 and 61 and communicating there-with and with the bore 59. The outer ends of the bores 60 and 63 are threaded, the bore 63 being closed with a plug 64. The top wall 43 has an outlet bore 65 which is L-shaped, having its longer leg horizontal and the shvrter leg vertical and communicatiny with the chamber 50. The bore 65 has mounted therein an outlet fitting 66 (FIGS. 1 and 3) The inlet of the flow meter 30 is connected to the tubing 34 and the outlet is connected to the inlet bore 61. Thus, water flows through the flow meter 35, through the bore 61, to the bore 59, and then vertical-ly upwardly through the nozzle 55 exiting into the cham-ber 50 asJa vertically oriented sheet. Concentratedpolymer is moved by the pump through ~he bore 60 and in-to the boxe 59 where it moves vertically through the nozzl~ 55 and also exits into the charnb~r 50 in the Eorm of a vertically oriented sheet~
The mixer 40 also comprises an irnpeller mechanism 70 to mix ].iquids introduced ;nto the chamber S0. The impeller mechanism 70 includes foux slat-like fins 71r each being at right angles with respect to adjacent fins. The impeller mechanism 70 includes a bottom cap 72 having a set of Eour radially extendirlg grooves at f~
right angles wiLh respect to each other. The top cap 73 also has a set of four radially extending grooves re-spectively aligned with the grooves in the cap 72. The four pairs of vertically aligned grooves respectively receive the our fins 71~ Extending through the cen-ters of the caps 7~ and 73 is a shaft 74. Each cap 72 and 73 has a radially extending hole 75 therein in which is located a set screw for attaching the end caps to the shaft 74. The bottom cap 72 has a vertically ex-tending hole 76 therein which receives the lower end ofthe shaft 74 and the top cap 73 has a hole 77 for re-ceiving the top end of the shaft 74. Enlarged portions 78a and 78b on the ends of the hole 77 in the top cap 73 respectively receive bearing 80 and mechanical seal 81r in which the upper end of the shaft 74 is journ-aled. The impeller mechanism 70 is thus rotatably mounted in the vessel 41 about a vertical axis.
The mixing and feeding apparatus 10 further com-prises a drive mechanism 90 for rotating the impeller mechanism'70. Re~erring back to FIGS. 1-4, the drive mechanism 90 includes a motor 91 attached to the front pane:L 12 adjacent the upper end thereof. In an oper-ative embodiment, the motor 91 developed 1/6 horsepower at 1,700 rpm. The motor 91 is geared down so that the impeller mechanism 70 operates at 600 rprn. The rotating shaft of the motor 91 carries a toothed pulley 92 aligned with a toothed pulley 93 on the shaft 74 of the impeller mechanism 70. A toothed belt 94 engages the pulleys 92 and 93 so that operation of the motor 91 causes the shaft 74 to rotate. Th~ belt 94 is protect--lD-ed by a guard 95. Power ior the motor 91 is derived by wires in a conduit 97 connected to a switch box 98 hav-ing a switch 99. Tubing connects the outlet fitting 66 to the site at which the diluted polymer will be uti-lized. For example, it is contemplated that the drum of concentrated polymer and the mixing and feeding appa-ratu5 10 will be located next to equipment which will deliver the diluted polymer into water to be treated.
Cord 100 supplies power to the switch box 98 by way of a plug 101 which is inserted into an electrical recepta-cle such as a wall outlet. A cord 102 supplies electri-cal power to the pump 21.
In operation, the mixing and feeding apparatus 10 is placed near a drum of concentrated polymer, which may be highly viscous. Tubing connected to the fitting 23 is insertecd into the polymer. A source of water is connected to the inlet 31. When the plug lQl is insert-ed into the wall outlet, the solenoid valv~ 33 is auto-matically opened and water is delivered to the flow meter 35,'irrespective of the condition of the switch 99. AccordincJly, water i~nediately flows through the flow rneter 35 and into the chalnber S0, filling the same and exiting through the outlet bore 65 and the fitting 66 into the water treatment equipment. The OUtp-lt of the pump 21 is pulsating in order to be able to control accurately the rate of clelivery o~ the polymer into the app~ratus 10. The water flow is continuous however.
Because the quantity of pulsatincJ polymer is small com-pared to the quantity of continuous water flow, for ex-30 alllple, 2~ Ol less, the ou~put of the rnixing and feeding apparatus 10 is substantially continuous. That, com-bined with the mixing ac~ion in the mixin~ chamber and a retention time therein of at least 30 seconds, re-sults in there being no measurable change of the poly-mer concentration in the continuous output.
When the switch 99 is turned on, the pump 21 be-comes energi~ed and it withdraws the concentratea poly-mer from the drum and moves it through the tubing 25 and the bore 60 into the nozzle 55. The concentrated polyrner along with the water exit the no~zle 55 through the slit 5~ in a sheet which is vertically oriented.
The desired concentration of the resultant product is determined by selecting the flow rates of the polymer and the water~ In the case of the polymer, the knobs 28 and 29 are adjusted and in the case of the water, the knob 36 is adjusted. The switch 99 also energizes the motor 91, causing the impeller mechanism 7n to oper-~te. The fins 71 operate much like a paddle wheel to mix or blend the concentrated polymer with the water to provide a diluted polymer which exits the chamber 50 through the outlet bore 65.
Of importance is the time that the water and poly-mer is retained in the vessel 41. If the retention time is too long, the polymer will have been exposed to whatever shear is created by the impeller mechanism 70 for an excessive period to cause the polymer to lose ef-fectiveness. On the other hand, if the retention time is too short, the polymer would not have an opportunity to be sufficiently uncoiled to becorne effective. It has been determined that the preferred range of reten-tion time is between 30 seconds and 7 minutes. In an operative embodimerlt, the volume of the vessel 41 was -such as to be capable of holding one gallon of liquid.
The rate of flow of the water was adjustable between 10 and 100 gallons per hour. At the 100 gallon per hour rate, the retentior time would be 36 seconds (1 gallon x 60 min./hr. x 60 sec./min. di~ided by 100 gal./hr.).
At the 10 gallon per hour rate, the retention time would be 6 minutes.
In order not to damage the long polymer molecules, the mixinq and feeding apparatus 10 provides high torque and low shear in the mixing chamber 50. The high torque is generated by the powerful motor 91. The low shear is attained by utilizing the paddle wheel ef-fect of the impeller mechanism 70~ In other words, the total surface area of the four fins 71 is substantial in comparison to the cross-sectional area of the cham-ber 50 as measured through the chamb~r's vertical or cy-lindrical axis. In an operative embodiment, the height of the chamber 50 was 10 inches and its diameter was 5.5 inches, so that its cross-sectional area as mea-sured through its cylindrical axis was 55 square inches. In that same etnbodiment, each fin 71 had a height of 7.75 inches and a width of 1.25 inch or an ar-ea of 9.7 square inches. Four such fins gives a total surface area of 38. a square inches which is about 70~
of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical chamber 50. The total surface area of the fins should be at least 50~ oE that cross~sectional area to obtaitl the de-sired paddle wheel effect. Furthertnore, all surfaces c~ 6 within the chamber 50 are caref~lly deburred and are as sm~oth as possible, to avoid damage to the pol~ners.
A further important aspect of the inventîon is the configuration of the fluids exiting the nozzle 55 and the close proximity of such fluids to the impell~r mech-anism 70. As previously explained, the water and poly-mer exit the nozzle 5~ in a vertical shee~ having a length equal to the length of the slit 58. As is best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, the nozzle 55 is very close to the impeller mechanism 70 so that the exitin~ sheet is immediately struck by the rotating fins 71. The sub-stantial velocity of the exiting sheet in conjunction with the speed of the impeller mechanism ~0 causes the material to ~flipn. Whereas the polymer had been encap-sulated in oil drop~ets, the ;mpeller mechanism ~ ef-fectively brea~s open the oil droplets which permits the polymer to escape, and be in condition to become ex-tended~ As the fluids are mixed, the pol~ner becomes more a~d more wet, the pol~mer become~s further ana fur-ther ex~ended. In ~he op~rative em~o~i~ent discussedabove, the distance between ver~ical eages of coplanar fins 71 is about 3.5 inches and the speed of such verti-cal edges w,~s 110 inches per second ~ 3. 5" x 600 rprn/~0 x Tr ),, FIGS. 8 and 9 depict an alternative ~nbodiment in which our ~enerally horizontal back mixing ~anes 100 are provided, preferably~ being ir~tegral with the harrel 42. The vanes 100 are directed inwardly 2~nd ha~e a curved vertical cornponent as seen in FI5. ~. These 30 vanes :E~rce the liq~lid rn~terials downwardly 5C) as tc~ in-crease the time they are in the mixer 4n, thereby im-proving the uniormity of the diluted polymer which ex-its the outlet bore 65. ~referably, the vanes 100 are located midway between the top and botto~ walls 43 and 44.
A second embodiment of the invention, in FIGS. lD-12, depicts a different bottom wall 110 which would re-place the bottom wall 44 in the first embodiment. The other elements of the apparatus 10 except for the no~-10 zle 55 are employed in the second emboaiment alsoj thefins 71 being shown in phantom. The wall 110 is square, its upper surface having a circular groove 111 therein with a diameter equal to the diameter of the barrel 42 a~d respectively receiving an O~ring 45 ~FIG, 5) therein. The lower end of the barrel 42 is located in the groove 111 in contact with the 0-ring 45. The bottom wall 110 has a set o~ four holes 112 arranged near the corners and being vertically aligned with the four holes 46 i~ the top wall 43. The four ro~ ~7 are located respectively in the h~les 112 and are h~ld in place by means of washers 4~ and nuts 49 ~FIGo 5 ) ~
which compresses the O~ring so as to defirle a li~ui~-tight chamber~ Formea in the wall 110, whi~h prefer-ably is formed of hardened plastic, is a paîr of L-shaped bores 113 and 1~ 4r the bore 113 being threaded and the bore 114 being unthreaded, The longer legs of the bores 113 and 114 are hori20ntally orientea in coax-ial alignment. The shorter legs of the ~ores 113 and 114 are vertically oriented a~d have t~eir axes gene~al-ly parallel. The bore 113 constitutes an inlet for the polymer and is connected in the manner described with respect to the first ernbodiment with respect to the inlet bore 60. The bore il4 is connected to the water source in the same manner as the inlet bore 61 in the first embodiment.
Threaded into the shorter leg of the L-shaped bore 113 is a check valve 116. In an operative embodiment, the check valve 116 was supplied by Circle Seal Corp.
Of ~naheim, California having good resistance to the polymer which flows therethrough. The check valve 116 enables the polymer to be admitted into the chamber 50 ~FIG. 6) but precludes reverse flow of the liquid back into the polymer source when the pumps have been turned offO The wall 110 has a hole 120 like the hole 76 in the first embodiment. Alsof the wall 110 has a bore 121, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axes of the bores 113 and 114, the bore 121 being closed with a plug 122. The L-shaped bore 121 constitutes a drain opening or a means to admit a third liquid, as in the ~irst embodimentO
Concentrated pol~mer is moved by the pump 21 ~FIG. 2) through the bore 113 and the check valve 116.
Thus, the polymer enters the chamber in the form of a vertical spout or jet. Similarly, water is moved through the bore 114 and then through the check valve 116 in the orm of a vertical spout or jet~ These spolltS or ~ets have their axes generally parallel to the axis oE rotation of the impeller mechanism 70 ~FIG.
6).
An important aspect of the present invention is that the polymer exiting the valve 116 is immediately adjacent to the impeller mechanism 70 so that the polymer is immediately struck by the rotating fins 71.
The distance between the outer ends of the fins 71 and the spout of polymer is as small as possible within the dictates of normal rnanufacturing tolerances.
What has been described, therefore, is a mixing and feeding apparatus which is capable of mixing concen-trated polymer with water to provide a continuous flowof homogeneous, diluted polymer which is not damaged during the mixing operation.
Generally, conventional polymer feed systems are expensive to purchase and to operate, require ~requent maintenance, and do not provide a satisfactory product.
Summary of the Invention It is therefore an important object of the present invention to provide a mixing apparatus which can uni formly mix two liquids at a selected concentration at reduced ~ost.
Another object is to pro~ide a mixing and feeding apparatus which mixes concentrated polymer with water while subjecting the polymer to a minimum amount of shear.
Another object is to provide mixing and feeding ap-paratus which produces dilute polymer to a desired con-centration consistently and repeatably and is precisely controllable.
'~L2~
Another object is to provide mixing and feeding ap-paratus which delivers the diluted polymer continuously rather than pulsatin~ly.
In summary, -there is provided a mixing and feeding apparatus for receiving polymer and water and for activating and cliluting the polymer, comprising a vessel defining a sub-stantially cy:Lindrical chamber therein, said chamber having a cylindrical axis, polymer inlet means for carrying the poly-mer to said chamber, pump means for pulsatingly delivering the polymer to said polymer inlet means, water inlet means for carrying the water to said chamber, ou-tlet means for carrying the activated and diluted polymer away from said vessel, an impeller mechanism mounted in said chamber for rotation about the cylindrical axis thereof, means for rotat-ing said impeller mechanism and means for con-tinuously movincJ
water through said water inlet means and into the chamber for mi~in~ therein and thereby causing continuous delivery of the activated and diluted polymer from said outlet means.
The invention consists of certain novel features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustra-ted in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood t:hat various changes in the details may be made ~ithout departing .Erom the spirit, or sacrificincJ any of the advan-tacJes of the present invention.
Brie:E Description of the Drawinc~s For the purpose of facili-tatlny an understarlding of the invent.ion, there is illustrated ln the accompan~-ing drawinc3s a preferred embodiment thereof, from an in-spection of ~hich, when considered in connection withthe following description~ the invention, its construc-tion and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated FIG. 1 is a rear elevational view of a mixing and feeding apparatus incorporating the features of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the mixing and feeding apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the mixing and feeding apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the mixing and feed-ing apparatus;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the mixer po.rtion of the mixi.ng and feeding apparatus;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view in vertical section tak-en along the line 6-6 of FIG. 2, o the mixer portion of the m;xing and feeding apparatus without the outlet fitting and the drain plug;
;~o FIG. 7 is a view in horizontal section taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG~ 8 is a view like FIG. 7, but on a reduced scale, illustrating backmixing vanes;
FIG. 9 is a fragrnentary elevational view on a re-duced scale, o the rnixer illustrating the backmixing vanes.
FIG. 10 is a plan view c:f a bottom wall for use in a second embodiment to the present invention, the fins heing shown in phantom;
FIG. 11 is a view in vertical section taken along the line 11-11 of FI~. 12; and FIG. 12 is a fragmentary view in vertical section taken along the line 12-1~ of FIG. 10.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Turniny now to the drawings and more particularly to FIGS. 1-4 thereof, there is depicted a mixing and feeding apparatus incorporating the features of the present invention and generally designated by the numer-al 10. The apparatus 10 is for use w,ith a drum of'con-centrated polymer and a source of water. The apparatus 10 draws polymer from the drum and receives water from the supply, mixes the pol~ner and the watQr, and pro-vides a homogeneous diluted polymer of the desired concentration.
The mixing and feeding apparatus 10 comprises a frame 11 which is generally U-shaped in transverse cross section, as viewed in FIG. 2~ The frame 11 in-clude~ a front panel 12 and a rear panel 13. The bottoms ~f the panels 12 and 13 are inturned and at-tached to a generally square base 14. A set o~ four ~eet 15 is attached to the inturned flanges of the pan-els 12 and 13.
The rnixing and feeding apparatus 10 comprises a polymer delivery mechanism 20, the basic element of which is a non-gear type pump 21. The purnp 21 includes a totally enclosed pump drive with no exposed movi}lg parts and is capable o~ rnoving highly viscous materials sl~ch as concentrated liquid polymer. The output o~' the ~um~ is pulsating in order to pro~ide a means of accu-rately adjusting the delivery rate. The pump 21 has anend or head 22 that is particularly adapted to pumpin~
viscous polymer. ~n operative embodiment of the mixing and feeding apparatus lD incorporated a pump made by Liquid Metronics, Incorporated of Acton, Massachusetts and particularly its model No. A111-86. Such pump is adjustable to enable selection of -the rate of flow Qf the polymex from .02 gallon per hour to 1 gallon per hour at a pressure of 8Q psi. Such pump has an adjust-able stroke lenyth and stroke frequency and operates on115 volts AC. The head 22 has an inlet ~itting 23 for connection by way of tubing to a drum or tank (not shown) containing the undiluted or "neat" polymer. The head 22 also has an outlet fitting 24 which is connect-ed to one end of tubing ~5, the other end of which is connected to a fitting 26. A nozzle 27 may be incorpo-rated into the head 22 for priming purposes. The stroke frequency is controlled by a knob 28 and the stroke length is controlled b~ a kno~ 29. Th frequen-cy is adj~stable from 4 to 100 actua-tions per minute, each stroke moving ~63 cc. The knob 2~ establîshes the stroke length at any point between 20% to 100~ of its maximum. The stroke length is preferably set above 50%.
The mixing and feeding apparatus 10 further com-prises a water delivery mechanism 30 which includec an inlet port 31 for connection to a supply of water.
Fitting 32 connects the inlet port 31 to a solenoid valve 33 which is normally closed. As soon as power i5 supplied to the apparatus 10, the valve 33 is opened and water flows through tubing 34 into a flow meter 35.
An operati~e embodiment incorp~rated a ~low meter 35 made by Dwyer Instrumentsl Inc. of Michigan City, Indiana. It has a knob 36 to control the rate of water flow from 0 to 100 gallons per hour.
The apparatus 10 f~lrther ~omprises a mixer 40 the details of which are best seen in FIGS. 5-7. The mixer 40 in turn comprises a cylindrical vessel 41 defined by a generally cylindrical barrel 42 and syuare top and bottom walls 43 and 4~. The barrel 42 is preferably forrned of clear acrylic so that the operator can ob-serve the interior and thus know whether any malfunc-tion is occurring. The bottom of the top wall 43 and the top of the bottom wall 44 have circular grooves therein with a diameter egual to the diameter of the barrel 42 and respectively receiving O-rings 45 there-in. The ends of the barrel 42 are located in the grooves in contact with the O-rings 45. The top wall 43 has a set of four holes 46 arranged near the cor-ners, and being vertically aligned with an identical set of fo~r holes 46 in the bottom wall 44. A set of four rods 47 having threaded ends are located respec-tively in the vertically aligned pairs of holes and are held in place by means of washers 48 and nuts 49r which compress the O-rings 45 so as to define a liquid-tight chamber 50 inside the vessel 41.
I,ocate,d within the chamber 50 is a noz~le 55 which actually is a short length of pipe 56 having one end closed by a plug 57 and a slit 58 in the side wall. In an operative embodimellt, the slit 58 had ro~,~rlded ends and measured 1~ inch in length. The other end of the pipe 56 is of reduced diameter and fits within a verti-cally oriented bore 59 in the bottom wall 44. The ~ore 59 cornrnunicates with a polymer inlet bore 60 and a wa-ter inlet bore 61, both of which are horizontally ori-ented. A drain bore 63 in the bo-ttom wall 44 is also horizontally oriented, its axis being perpendicular to the axes of the bores 60 and 61 and communicating there-with and with the bore 59. The outer ends of the bores 60 and 63 are threaded, the bore 63 being closed with a plug 64. The top wall 43 has an outlet bore 65 which is L-shaped, having its longer leg horizontal and the shvrter leg vertical and communicatiny with the chamber 50. The bore 65 has mounted therein an outlet fitting 66 (FIGS. 1 and 3) The inlet of the flow meter 30 is connected to the tubing 34 and the outlet is connected to the inlet bore 61. Thus, water flows through the flow meter 35, through the bore 61, to the bore 59, and then vertical-ly upwardly through the nozzle 55 exiting into the cham-ber 50 asJa vertically oriented sheet. Concentratedpolymer is moved by the pump through ~he bore 60 and in-to the boxe 59 where it moves vertically through the nozzl~ 55 and also exits into the charnb~r 50 in the Eorm of a vertically oriented sheet~
The mixer 40 also comprises an irnpeller mechanism 70 to mix ].iquids introduced ;nto the chamber S0. The impeller mechanism 70 includes foux slat-like fins 71r each being at right angles with respect to adjacent fins. The impeller mechanism 70 includes a bottom cap 72 having a set of Eour radially extendirlg grooves at f~
right angles wiLh respect to each other. The top cap 73 also has a set of four radially extending grooves re-spectively aligned with the grooves in the cap 72. The four pairs of vertically aligned grooves respectively receive the our fins 71~ Extending through the cen-ters of the caps 7~ and 73 is a shaft 74. Each cap 72 and 73 has a radially extending hole 75 therein in which is located a set screw for attaching the end caps to the shaft 74. The bottom cap 72 has a vertically ex-tending hole 76 therein which receives the lower end ofthe shaft 74 and the top cap 73 has a hole 77 for re-ceiving the top end of the shaft 74. Enlarged portions 78a and 78b on the ends of the hole 77 in the top cap 73 respectively receive bearing 80 and mechanical seal 81r in which the upper end of the shaft 74 is journ-aled. The impeller mechanism 70 is thus rotatably mounted in the vessel 41 about a vertical axis.
The mixing and feeding apparatus 10 further com-prises a drive mechanism 90 for rotating the impeller mechanism'70. Re~erring back to FIGS. 1-4, the drive mechanism 90 includes a motor 91 attached to the front pane:L 12 adjacent the upper end thereof. In an oper-ative embodiment, the motor 91 developed 1/6 horsepower at 1,700 rpm. The motor 91 is geared down so that the impeller mechanism 70 operates at 600 rprn. The rotating shaft of the motor 91 carries a toothed pulley 92 aligned with a toothed pulley 93 on the shaft 74 of the impeller mechanism 70. A toothed belt 94 engages the pulleys 92 and 93 so that operation of the motor 91 causes the shaft 74 to rotate. Th~ belt 94 is protect--lD-ed by a guard 95. Power ior the motor 91 is derived by wires in a conduit 97 connected to a switch box 98 hav-ing a switch 99. Tubing connects the outlet fitting 66 to the site at which the diluted polymer will be uti-lized. For example, it is contemplated that the drum of concentrated polymer and the mixing and feeding appa-ratu5 10 will be located next to equipment which will deliver the diluted polymer into water to be treated.
Cord 100 supplies power to the switch box 98 by way of a plug 101 which is inserted into an electrical recepta-cle such as a wall outlet. A cord 102 supplies electri-cal power to the pump 21.
In operation, the mixing and feeding apparatus 10 is placed near a drum of concentrated polymer, which may be highly viscous. Tubing connected to the fitting 23 is insertecd into the polymer. A source of water is connected to the inlet 31. When the plug lQl is insert-ed into the wall outlet, the solenoid valv~ 33 is auto-matically opened and water is delivered to the flow meter 35,'irrespective of the condition of the switch 99. AccordincJly, water i~nediately flows through the flow rneter 35 and into the chalnber S0, filling the same and exiting through the outlet bore 65 and the fitting 66 into the water treatment equipment. The OUtp-lt of the pump 21 is pulsating in order to be able to control accurately the rate of clelivery o~ the polymer into the app~ratus 10. The water flow is continuous however.
Because the quantity of pulsatincJ polymer is small com-pared to the quantity of continuous water flow, for ex-30 alllple, 2~ Ol less, the ou~put of the rnixing and feeding apparatus 10 is substantially continuous. That, com-bined with the mixing ac~ion in the mixin~ chamber and a retention time therein of at least 30 seconds, re-sults in there being no measurable change of the poly-mer concentration in the continuous output.
When the switch 99 is turned on, the pump 21 be-comes energi~ed and it withdraws the concentratea poly-mer from the drum and moves it through the tubing 25 and the bore 60 into the nozzle 55. The concentrated polyrner along with the water exit the no~zle 55 through the slit 5~ in a sheet which is vertically oriented.
The desired concentration of the resultant product is determined by selecting the flow rates of the polymer and the water~ In the case of the polymer, the knobs 28 and 29 are adjusted and in the case of the water, the knob 36 is adjusted. The switch 99 also energizes the motor 91, causing the impeller mechanism 7n to oper-~te. The fins 71 operate much like a paddle wheel to mix or blend the concentrated polymer with the water to provide a diluted polymer which exits the chamber 50 through the outlet bore 65.
Of importance is the time that the water and poly-mer is retained in the vessel 41. If the retention time is too long, the polymer will have been exposed to whatever shear is created by the impeller mechanism 70 for an excessive period to cause the polymer to lose ef-fectiveness. On the other hand, if the retention time is too short, the polymer would not have an opportunity to be sufficiently uncoiled to becorne effective. It has been determined that the preferred range of reten-tion time is between 30 seconds and 7 minutes. In an operative embodimerlt, the volume of the vessel 41 was -such as to be capable of holding one gallon of liquid.
The rate of flow of the water was adjustable between 10 and 100 gallons per hour. At the 100 gallon per hour rate, the retentior time would be 36 seconds (1 gallon x 60 min./hr. x 60 sec./min. di~ided by 100 gal./hr.).
At the 10 gallon per hour rate, the retention time would be 6 minutes.
In order not to damage the long polymer molecules, the mixinq and feeding apparatus 10 provides high torque and low shear in the mixing chamber 50. The high torque is generated by the powerful motor 91. The low shear is attained by utilizing the paddle wheel ef-fect of the impeller mechanism 70~ In other words, the total surface area of the four fins 71 is substantial in comparison to the cross-sectional area of the cham-ber 50 as measured through the chamb~r's vertical or cy-lindrical axis. In an operative embodiment, the height of the chamber 50 was 10 inches and its diameter was 5.5 inches, so that its cross-sectional area as mea-sured through its cylindrical axis was 55 square inches. In that same etnbodiment, each fin 71 had a height of 7.75 inches and a width of 1.25 inch or an ar-ea of 9.7 square inches. Four such fins gives a total surface area of 38. a square inches which is about 70~
of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical chamber 50. The total surface area of the fins should be at least 50~ oE that cross~sectional area to obtaitl the de-sired paddle wheel effect. Furthertnore, all surfaces c~ 6 within the chamber 50 are caref~lly deburred and are as sm~oth as possible, to avoid damage to the pol~ners.
A further important aspect of the inventîon is the configuration of the fluids exiting the nozzle 55 and the close proximity of such fluids to the impell~r mech-anism 70. As previously explained, the water and poly-mer exit the nozzle 5~ in a vertical shee~ having a length equal to the length of the slit 58. As is best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, the nozzle 55 is very close to the impeller mechanism 70 so that the exitin~ sheet is immediately struck by the rotating fins 71. The sub-stantial velocity of the exiting sheet in conjunction with the speed of the impeller mechanism ~0 causes the material to ~flipn. Whereas the polymer had been encap-sulated in oil drop~ets, the ;mpeller mechanism ~ ef-fectively brea~s open the oil droplets which permits the polymer to escape, and be in condition to become ex-tended~ As the fluids are mixed, the pol~ner becomes more a~d more wet, the pol~mer become~s further ana fur-ther ex~ended. In ~he op~rative em~o~i~ent discussedabove, the distance between ver~ical eages of coplanar fins 71 is about 3.5 inches and the speed of such verti-cal edges w,~s 110 inches per second ~ 3. 5" x 600 rprn/~0 x Tr ),, FIGS. 8 and 9 depict an alternative ~nbodiment in which our ~enerally horizontal back mixing ~anes 100 are provided, preferably~ being ir~tegral with the harrel 42. The vanes 100 are directed inwardly 2~nd ha~e a curved vertical cornponent as seen in FI5. ~. These 30 vanes :E~rce the liq~lid rn~terials downwardly 5C) as tc~ in-crease the time they are in the mixer 4n, thereby im-proving the uniormity of the diluted polymer which ex-its the outlet bore 65. ~referably, the vanes 100 are located midway between the top and botto~ walls 43 and 44.
A second embodiment of the invention, in FIGS. lD-12, depicts a different bottom wall 110 which would re-place the bottom wall 44 in the first embodiment. The other elements of the apparatus 10 except for the no~-10 zle 55 are employed in the second emboaiment alsoj thefins 71 being shown in phantom. The wall 110 is square, its upper surface having a circular groove 111 therein with a diameter equal to the diameter of the barrel 42 a~d respectively receiving an O~ring 45 ~FIG, 5) therein. The lower end of the barrel 42 is located in the groove 111 in contact with the 0-ring 45. The bottom wall 110 has a set o~ four holes 112 arranged near the corners and being vertically aligned with the four holes 46 i~ the top wall 43. The four ro~ ~7 are located respectively in the h~les 112 and are h~ld in place by means of washers 4~ and nuts 49 ~FIGo 5 ) ~
which compresses the O~ring so as to defirle a li~ui~-tight chamber~ Formea in the wall 110, whi~h prefer-ably is formed of hardened plastic, is a paîr of L-shaped bores 113 and 1~ 4r the bore 113 being threaded and the bore 114 being unthreaded, The longer legs of the bores 113 and 114 are hori20ntally orientea in coax-ial alignment. The shorter legs of the ~ores 113 and 114 are vertically oriented a~d have t~eir axes gene~al-ly parallel. The bore 113 constitutes an inlet for the polymer and is connected in the manner described with respect to the first ernbodiment with respect to the inlet bore 60. The bore il4 is connected to the water source in the same manner as the inlet bore 61 in the first embodiment.
Threaded into the shorter leg of the L-shaped bore 113 is a check valve 116. In an operative embodiment, the check valve 116 was supplied by Circle Seal Corp.
Of ~naheim, California having good resistance to the polymer which flows therethrough. The check valve 116 enables the polymer to be admitted into the chamber 50 ~FIG. 6) but precludes reverse flow of the liquid back into the polymer source when the pumps have been turned offO The wall 110 has a hole 120 like the hole 76 in the first embodiment. Alsof the wall 110 has a bore 121, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axes of the bores 113 and 114, the bore 121 being closed with a plug 122. The L-shaped bore 121 constitutes a drain opening or a means to admit a third liquid, as in the ~irst embodimentO
Concentrated pol~mer is moved by the pump 21 ~FIG. 2) through the bore 113 and the check valve 116.
Thus, the polymer enters the chamber in the form of a vertical spout or jet. Similarly, water is moved through the bore 114 and then through the check valve 116 in the orm of a vertical spout or jet~ These spolltS or ~ets have their axes generally parallel to the axis oE rotation of the impeller mechanism 70 ~FIG.
6).
An important aspect of the present invention is that the polymer exiting the valve 116 is immediately adjacent to the impeller mechanism 70 so that the polymer is immediately struck by the rotating fins 71.
The distance between the outer ends of the fins 71 and the spout of polymer is as small as possible within the dictates of normal rnanufacturing tolerances.
What has been described, therefore, is a mixing and feeding apparatus which is capable of mixing concen-trated polymer with water to provide a continuous flowof homogeneous, diluted polymer which is not damaged during the mixing operation.
Claims (7)
1. Mixing and feeding apparatus for receiving poly-mer and water and for activating and diluting the polymer, comprising a vessel defining a substantially cylindrical chamber therein, said chamber having a cylindrical axis, polymer inlet means for carrying the polymer to said chamber, pump means for pulsatingly delivering the polymer to said polymer inlet means, water inlet means for carrying the water to said chamber, outlet means for carrying the activated and diluted polymer away from said vessel, an impeller mechanism mounted in said chamber for rotation about the cylindrical axis thereof, means for rotating said impeller mechanism, and means for continuously moving water through said water inlet means and into the chamber for mixing therein and thereby causing continuous delivery of the activated and diluted polymer from said outlet means.
2. The mixing and feeding apparatus of claim 1, and further comprising a frame for said vessel, first means mounted on said frame for adjusting the rate of flow of the polymer into said chamber and second means mounted on said frame for adjusting the rate of flow of the water into said chamber, thereby also adjusting the rate of flow of the activated and diluted polymer out of said chamber through said outlet means.
3. The mixing and feeding apparatus of claim 1, wherein said polymer inlet means and said water inlet means are at the bottom of said chamber and said outlet means is at the top thereof.
4. The mixing and feeding apparatus of claim 1, wherein said polymer inlet means and said water inlet means are respectively two separate passageways that separately introduce the polymer and the water into said chamber.
5. The mixing and feeding apparatus of claim 1, wherein said polymer inlet means and said water inlet means merge into a common passageway before communicating with said chamber, the polymer and the water being jointly introduced into said chamber through said common passageway.
6. The mixing and feeding apparatus of claim 1 wherein the axis of rotation is vertical, said polymer inlet means and said water inlet means being constructed and arranged to admit the polymer and the water vertically.
7. The mixing and feeding apparatus of claim 1, and further comprising a check valve communicating with said polymer inlet means to permit the polymer to flow into said chamber but to prevent either the polymer or the water from flowing out of said chamber through said polymer inlet means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000527363A CA1229846A (en) | 1983-10-19 | 1987-01-14 | Mixing and feeding apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000439333A CA1221682A (en) | 1982-10-22 | 1983-10-19 | Continuous mixing and feeding apparatus comprising fins of substantial area |
| CA000527363A CA1229846A (en) | 1983-10-19 | 1987-01-14 | Mixing and feeding apparatus |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000439333A Division CA1221682A (en) | 1982-10-22 | 1983-10-19 | Continuous mixing and feeding apparatus comprising fins of substantial area |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1229846A true CA1229846A (en) | 1987-12-01 |
Family
ID=4126327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000527363A Expired CA1229846A (en) | 1983-10-19 | 1987-01-14 | Mixing and feeding apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1229846A (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-01-14 CA CA000527363A patent/CA1229846A/en not_active Expired
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