CA1221677A

CA1221677A - Extreme pressure additive for use in metal lubrication

Info

Publication number: CA1221677A
Application number: CA000477059A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Clifford R. Sloan
Original assignee: PRO-LONG TECHNOLOGY OF CANADA Inc
Current assignee: PRO-LONG TECHNOLOGY OF CANADA Inc
Priority date: 1985-03-20
Filing date: 1985-03-20
Publication date: 1987-05-12
Also published as: KR860007363A; ATE91298T1; PT82234B; JPS61258898A; EP0195674B1; FI861151A0; DE3688654T2; EP0195674A2; FI861151A; PT82234A; KR900000876B1; CN86102743A; NO861040L; EP0195674A3; DE3688654D1

Abstract

EXTREME PRESSURE ADDITIVE FOR USE IN METAL LUBRICATION

ABSTRACT

It is known to use chlorinated paraffins as an extreme pressure lubricant additive in lubricating metals. Such additives are highly corrosive, however, and for that rea-son are not suitable for a number of uses, such as in the lubrication of internal combustion engines. The present invention overcomes the corrosive problems of the previous chlorinated paraffin additives. The present invention in-volves the mixing of a major amount of chlorinated paraf-fins with a minor amount of an alkaline earth metal sulfo-nate, such as calcium sulfonate, and preferably a base mi-neral oil. The resulting additive can be added to standard motor oil to improve its extreme pressure performance in internal combustion engines.

Description

~221677 EXTREME PRESSURE ADDITIVE FOR USE IN METAL LUBRICATION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention -This invention relates generally to the field of lu-bricant additives, and more specifically relates to the field of extreme pressure additives suitable for addition to motor oils.

2. Description of the Prior Art It is known that certain chlorine-based compounds, such as those chlorine derivates of paraffin compounds re-ferred to as chlorinated paraffins, can serve as lubricant additives to improve the performance of the lubricant under extreme pressure. Under normal lubricating conditions, the two metal surfaces will be separated by a thin film of lu-bricant which provides the required reduction in friction.
Under situations of extreme pressure between the two metal surfaces, all the liquid lubricant is forced from the area of contact between the surfaces. Where an extreme pressure additive such as chlorinated paraffin is present, however, it has been found that the resultant heat generated between the two surfaces causes chlorine atoms to be liberated from the additive and to combine with the surface metal, such as iron, to form a chloride, such as iron chloride. This sur-face coating of chloride has a much lower coefficient of friction than the dry metal surface. The iron chloride surface coating tends to fill in depressions in the surfa-ces, resulting in smoother surfaces at the point of inter-action and reduced friction and wear.

Chlorinated paraffins have been used as extreme pressure additives in such applications as metal-working.
However, the corrosive nature of chlorinated paraffin has made it generally unsuitable for use in internal combustion lZ2~1~i77 engine applications or other corrosion-sensitive applica-tions. Under heating, the chlorinated paraffins release hydrochloric acid, which is corrosive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an extreme pressure additive largely composed of chlorinated paraffins but having reduced corrosive properties. It is therefore sui-table for use in internal combustion engine lubricants orother applications where corrosion must be avoided.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising a major amount of chlorinated paraffin and a minor amount of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, preferably calcium sulfonate. A mineral oil, with or without mineral spirits, may be used as a base oil for the additive. In one aspect of the invention the additive comprises between thirty and seventy volume percent chlorinated paraffins and from .5 to 10 percent by volume calcium sulfonate. According to a further aspect of the invention, the additive comprises approximately 55 volume percent chlorinated paraffins, approximately 32 volume percent of a mineral oil, approxi-mately 10 volume percent of mineral spirits and approxi-mately 3 volume percent of a calcium sulfonate. Further according to the invention a lubricant suitable for use as a motor oil in internal combustion engines is provided by adding one part of the above extreme pressure lubricant additive to between 10 and 30 parts of standard motor oil.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention, approxi-mately one part of the extreme pressure additive is added to twenty parts standard motor oil. Also according to the invention, the above extreme pressure lubricant additive may be added to various greases, automatic transmission fluid, air-conditioner freon or penetrating oil to improve the extreme pressure performance of such lubricants.

According to a further aspect o:E the invention, the extreme pressure lubricant additive may be added to gasoline or diesel fuel conditioners to provide an improved gasoline or diesel fuel conditioner.

Further according to the invention there is provided a method of producing an extreme pressure additive for lubri-cants comprising the steps of:
a) blending a chlorinated paraffin in an amount approxi-mately 55 percent by volume of the final product with a base mineral oil in an amount approximately 32 per-cent by volume of the final product at an elevated temperature of approximately 150 degrees fahrenheit;
b) mixing a calcium sulfonate in an amount approximately

3 percent by volume of the final product with mineral spirits in an amount approximately 10 percent by vol-ume of the final product; and c) blending the chlorinated paraffin/mineral oil mixture with the calcium sulfonate/mineral spirits mixture at an elevated temperature of approximately 150 degrees fahrenheit.

DE LED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The preferred form of chlorinated paraffin used in the present invention is the product marketed by C-I-L Inc.
under the trade name CERECLOR* 42 which has a stated mole-cular formula of C15.5H26.8C116.31- (The product is known to be mildly corrosive in contact with steel and to decompose into hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride). The chlorinated paraffin in an amount approxi-mately 55 percent by volume of the final additive product is mixed with a base mineral oil in an amount approximately 32 percent by volume by blending thoroughly at slow speeds to avoid foaming while heating the mixture to approximately 150F. The heating promotes the mixing process and pre-*trade mark lZ21677 vents subsequent separation of the constituent components.A preferred mineral oil is marketed by Shell Canada Limited under the trade name VITREA* No.32. The calcium sulfonate is next mixed separately with mineral spirits. The prefer-red proportion is approximately 3 percent calcium sulfonateby volume of the final additive product, and approximately 10 percent by volume of the mineral spirits. The preferred product for the calcium sulfonate is marketed under the trade mark LU~RI20L* 78 by the Lubrizol Corporation. It is a highly basic calcium sulfonate, approximately 400 TBN
having a calcium weight percent between 15.0 and 16.0 and a sulfur weight percent between 1.25 and 1.8. The preferred mineral spirit product is marketed by Shell Canada Limited under the trade mark SHELL SOL* and has a composition of 89-94 percent by volume of saturates, and 6-15 percent by volume aromatics, and a maximum 0.1 percent by volume sul-~ur.

The calcium sulfonate/mineral spirits mixture is then blended with the chlorinated paraffin/mineral oil mixture at a temperature of approximately 150F. The blending should be done so that the product is not permitted to foam. Again, failure to properly blend the ingredients at the elevated temperature may result in crystallization or sedimentation of the components. The result of this final blending process is the extreme pressure additive of the invention.

The characteristics of the additive of the invention have been tested with the following results:

Gravity at 60F 6.2 API
Viscosity @ 100F 659 SSu or 142.2 cST
Flash Point C.O.C. 310F or 155C
35 Moisture ASTM D95 0.08% by weight * trade marks . ~ , .

:, ~2;~677 Copper Strip Corrosion 1 hour @ 100C Pass Pour Point -13~E or -25C

Compatability:

ESSO UNIFLO* 10~40 Vis. 100F: 415.9 SSU 89.7CST
with 6% of the invention 410.8 SSU 88.6cST
CASTROL* + or - zero/40 409.7 SSU 88.4CST
with 6~ of the invention 407.7 SSU 88.0CST
TEXACO URSA* 30 560.1 SSU 120. 8CST
with 6% of the invention 556.7 SSU 120.1cST

The invention showed good compatability with all three standard types of motor oil. To test corrosion loss, mild steel blanks were left in the product for seven days at between 210F and 220F. When left in ESSO UNIFLO* 10/40 oil, there was no corrosion loss measured. When the addi-tive of the invention was added in the amount of 6 percent by volume to the UNIFLO* there again was no corrosion loss measured.

The effectiveness of the invention as an extreme pres-sure lubricant can be readily demonstrated using an extreme pressure testing machine. This machine utilizes an elec-tric motor to rotate a steel bearing race. A stationary steel bearing is brought into contact with the rotating bearing race. This done by removably inserting the bearing into the end of a rotating arm which is allowed to rest in contact with the rotating bearing. The arm is in turn le-vered by a second rotating arm to the end of which weights may be applied. The effect of the arrangement of the arms is to provide a multiple lever effect so that a small weight applied to the end of the latter arm is greatly mag-nified through the principle of the lever through to the * trade marks ::
. ~ - .
" ' : , , ' .

~ZZ1677 point of contact with the rotating bearing race. Because of the small area of contact, a very great pressure is applied by ~he stationary bearing to the rotating bearing race. The bearing race is initially allowed to rotate in a bath of a standard motor oil, and the end of the arm with the test bearing is allowed to rest on the rotating race without additional pressure. On examination of the test bearing, it is found that a small scar, approximately one millimeter in width is formed in the surface of the bearing due to the friction. The test bearing is then rotated to apply a fresh surface to the bearing race, and again the test bearing is allowed to contact the rotating race only this time a weight of approximately four pounds is applied to the end of the multiple-lever apparatus to apply more pressure to the point of contact. Upon examination of the test bearing, a large scar has been formed in the surface of the bearing, approximately four millimeters in width.

The procedure is then repeated, only an amount of the extreme pressure lubricant additive of the invention is added to the motor oil bath in which the bearing race is rotating. Again, the test bearing is rotated to present a fresh surface to the bearing race and is allowed to rest in contact against the rotating race without additional pres-sure. Upon examination of the test bearing, it is foundthat the initial amount of scarring has been greatly re-duced. When the test is repeated with a four pound weight at the end of the lever mechanism, the scarring is still less than was present in the initial oil-only situation without additional pressure, with the scar now being less than one millimeter in width. Indeed, rather than being a deep gouge out of the surface of the bearing, as was the case with the oil-only bath, the point where the test bear-ing contacted the bearing race rotating in the oil-plus-additive bath appears to the eye to be a small polishedarea on the surface of the bearing. Even if the weight at the end of the lever mechanism is increased by a factor of 122~6~7 six from the four pound weight, the size of the scar on the test beariny does not increase significantly and still is not significantly greater in width than was the case in the oil-only bath situation where no additional pressure was added. Indeed, the surface of the scar is shown to be polished compared to the pitted scar present in the oil-only situation.

In addition to serving as an extreme pressure additive for motor oils, the lubricant additive of the invention may also be added to other lubricants and fluids such as grea-ses, (where approximately 10 percent by volume of the addi-tive is preferred), metal cutting lubricants, hydraulic oils (excluding hydraulic brake fluid), automatic transmis-sion fluid, power steering fluid, penetrating oil, air-conditioner freon, and as a coating for brass. In all these applications, the additive of the invention serves to rsduce friction and metal wear under extreme pressure situ-ations, and also serves to reduce corrosion. It has also been found that by adding the extreme pressure additive product of the invention to a gasoline or diesel fuel con-ditioner, the performance of the internal combustion engine is improved through lubrication of the moving metal parts which come into contact with the fuel in the upper end of the engine.

While calcium sulfonate has been specified as the appropriate sulfonate to counteract the corrosive proper-ties of the chlorinated paraffins, other alkaline earth metal sulfonates having similar properties would also be suitable for use in the invention. While a preferred embo-diment of the invention has been described, the scope of the invention should not be limited thereto but is defined by the following claims.

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. An extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising:
a) Between 30 and 70 percent by volume of a chlorinated paraffin; and b) Between .5 and 10 percent by volume of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate.

2. The extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 1 wherein said chlorinated paraffin forms between 40 and 60 percent by volume of said composition.

3. The extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 2 wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfonate forms between .5 and 3 percent by volume of said composition.

4. The extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 1 wherein said chlorinated paraffin comprises approximately 51.5 percent by volume of said composition and said alkaline earth metal sulfonate comprises approximately 1 percent by volume of said composition.

5. The lubricating composition of claims 1, 3 or 4 wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfonate is calcium sulfonate.

6. An extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising:
a) Between 30 and 70 volume percent chlorinated paraffin;
b) Between 30 and 70 volume percent of a mineral oil, mineral spirits or solvent; and c) Between .5 and 10 volume percent of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate.

7. The extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 6 wherein said chlorinated paraffins comprise approximately 50 percent by volume of said extreme pressure lubricant additive.

8. The extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 7 wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfonate comprises between 1 and 3 percent by volume of said extreme pressure lubricant additive.

9. The extreme pressure lubricant additive of claims 6, or 8 wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfonate is calcium sulfonate or barium sulfonate.

10. An extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising:
a) Approximately 51.5 percent by volume of a chlorinated paraffin;
b) Approximately 31 percent by volume of a solvent;
c) Approximately 15.5 percent by volume of a mineral oil;
d) Approximately 1 percent by volume of calcium sulfonate; and e) Approximately 1 percent by volume of mineral spirits.

11. A motor oil comprising:
a) Between twenty and sixty parts of a conventional motor oil; and b) Two parts of the extreme pressure lubricant additive of claims 6, 8 or 10.

12. A motor oil comprising:
a) Forty parts of a conventional motor oil;
and b) Two parts of the extreme pressure lubricant additive of claims 6, 8 or 10.

13. A method of producing an extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising the steps of:
a) Blending 40 to 60 volume percent of chlorinated paraffin with 10 to 20 volume percent of a mineral oil;
b) Blending between .5 and 3 volume percent of a mineral spirit with .5 to 10 volume percent of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate; and c) Blending the mixtures of steps a) and b) with between 20 and 40 volume percent of a solvent.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfonate is calcium sulfonate or barium sulfonate.

15. A method of producing an extreme pressure lubricant comprising the steps of:
a) Blending approximately 51.5 volume percent chlorinated paraffin and approximately 15.5 volume percent mineral oil;
b) Blending approximately 1 volume percent mineral spirits and 1 volume percent of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate; and c) Blending the mixtures of steps a) and b) with approximately 31 volume percent of a solvent.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said alkaline earth metal sulfonate is calcium sulfonate or barium sulfonate.

17. A gasoline or diesel fuel conditioner comprising the additive of claims 6, 8 or 10.

18. An extreme pressure lubricant additive comprising:
a) A major amount of a chlorinated paraffin: and b) A minor amount of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate.