CA1219886A - Handle shaft for a hockey stick and method and tool for fabrication thereof - Google Patents
Handle shaft for a hockey stick and method and tool for fabrication thereofInfo
- Publication number
- CA1219886A CA1219886A CA000443408A CA443408A CA1219886A CA 1219886 A CA1219886 A CA 1219886A CA 000443408 A CA000443408 A CA 000443408A CA 443408 A CA443408 A CA 443408A CA 1219886 A CA1219886 A CA 1219886A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- handle shaft
- handle
- extending fibers
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B59/00—Bats, rackets, or the like, not covered by groups A63B49/00 - A63B57/00
- A63B59/70—Bats, rackets, or the like, not covered by groups A63B49/00 - A63B57/00 with bent or angled lower parts for hitting a ball on the ground, on an ice-covered surface, or in the air, e.g. for hockey or hurling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/06—Handles
- A63B60/08—Handles characterised by the material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/24—Ice hockey
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
- A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Fishing Rods (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract A handle shaft for a hockey stick and method and tool for fabrication of the shaft. The shaft is constructed of fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic into a hollow, oval tube by alternately laminating upon a rather flat mandrel longitudinal and crosswise wound fiber layers, moistened with a binder resin. More longitudinal fibers are laminated on broad sides of a shaft. The base of d mandrel is vigorously flattened.
Description
`` l~`i9l~
Handle shaft for a hockey stick and method and tool for fabrication thereof.
The present invention relates to a hockey stick han~le shaft, in which is used a fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and whose cross-section is other than circular. The reinforcement used is preferably glass or carbon fiber. The invention also relates to a method for continuous fabricaiion of a hockey stick shaft from a fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic. The invent-ion also relates to a tool for embodying the method.
At present, the hockey stick shafts are constructed almost exclusively of wood by gluing and pressing wood slivers together. However, wooden handle shafts are hampered by several drawbacks. The shafts fracture and break easily which is why hockey sticks must be fabricated in large quantities and it is also necessary to carry large quantities of spare sticks on match tours. Another drawback is that, due to the inhomogeneity, glue-ing~and other such material and manufacturing factors of wood material, the sticks are always different from each other, especially for their stiffness. This drawback deteriorates during the use of hockey sticks, since in stress situations, critical bonds inside a stick snap and the stick becomes . . .
increasingly more resilient. This sti$fness variation of sticks leads to certain inaccuracy in shots. In addition, the re-siliency characteristics of wood are poor, i.e. the attenuation equivalent of wood is relatively high, which means that the deflection energy,involved in straightening the shaft that bends in connection with a slapshot directed to the puck,is badly recovered for a higher initial velocity. A third drawback is the relatively great weight of a wooden stick since the core material of a solid hockey stick is essentially unnecessary in terms of stiffness. For reasons of fabrication technique, a wooden shaft is of equal material over its entire length. A
result of this is that the shaft most often breaks at its base portion below the player's lower hand.
lZl~386 The natural form of cross-section of a laminated product glued of wood slivers is a rectangle. The corners of said rectangle are removed because of safety hazard. However, the design of a shaft is stil1 angul.ar which in practice has still been found to be a substantial safety hazard. For ex-ample, there have been incidents that a finger squeezing the shaft has broken against a shaft corner in a hard stress.
There is a prior proposa]. for the increased strength of a hockey stick handl.e shaft (US Patent 3 561 760) that the shaft be constructed of fiberglass-reinforced pl.atics. The core portion of a shaft is comprised of foam plastic upon which is laminated said fiberglass-reinforced plastic. The foam plastic inside the shaft has been required for reasons of fabrication technique to provide a core upon which a fiberglass-reinforced plastic sheeting is formed. Neverthe-less, the foam plastic core increases the weight of a shaft without any substantial. contribution to its strength. Such a shaft cannot be fabricated by a continuous process but production is mostly manual. This is why the proposed hockey stick will be too expensive to be competitive with sticks fitted with a wooden shaft.
An object of the invention is to provide a handle shaft for a hockey stick constructed of a fiber-reinforced plastic and producible in continuous process by means of an automatic machine, the price of a shaft becoming approximatel.y the same as that of a wooden shaft while gaining the above-mentioned advantages over a wooden shaft.
In order to achieve this object, the hockey stick shaft according to the invention comprises a hollow tube, including partly longitudinal and partl.y transverse fibers wound therearound. Such a shaft can be manufactured by a continuous process in a manner that successivel.y conveyed mandrels of rather flat cross-section are laminated by alternately winding longitudinal. and crosswise fiber layers therearound, that after setting of a binder the obtained tube is cut to ].engths between said mandrel.s and the mandrels are removed from inside the tubes and re-fed into . ~
the production machine.
The tool employed comprises a metal~rel of rather flat cross-section whose one end is flattened the same way as the tip of a chisel. Thus, the base of a shaft will be accordingly flat for fastening it to the blade.
G' ~ C C~D/;s~
The flexural rigidity of a shaft is accomp~i3cd mainly by means of longitudinal fibers and the impact strength and resistance to buckling are mainly achieved by means of cross-fibers.
An essential aspect in the construction of the invention and its fabrication is a possibility of selecting the fiber distribut-ion in an optimum manner in terms of strength.
In order to increase the flexural rigidity without the increase in weight,the invention suggests that the distribution of long-itudinal fibers in various parts of cross-section be varied in a manner that most longitudinal fibers lie on those opposite sides whose relative distance across the central axis of a shaft is the shortest.
Also the number of cross-fibers per~lenath un~t of a shaft can be varied by controlling the number of wound cross-Eibers by means of a~programmable logic. Thus, the base portion of a shaft below the player's lower hand can be provided with more cross-fiber wound therearound.
In terms of the optimization of strength, it is essential that the number of longitudinal fibers is substantially more than that of cross-fibers. Cross-flbers are interposed between the longitudinal fiber layers.
A hockey stick shaft of the invention offers the following ad-vantages.
A shaft stronger than those of wooden sticks will be more econom-ic since the number of shafts broken is less than before.
The shaft can be made sufficiently strong and at the same time it is lighter than the prior art shafts.
The fiber-reinforced plastic shaft construction returns the deflection energy better, so the puck will acquire a higher initial velocity at the same force.
It is a]so possible to manufacture shafts of exactly equal stiffness which also retain their stiffness in use, i.e. the fatigue inherent of wooden shafts will not occur. With such a shaft, the player learns better shooting accuracy.
The cross-section of a hockey stick can be made oval, contributing on one hand to a grip ( the stick does not turn in the hands) and, on the other hand, hazardous corners are eliminated, so the shaft is safer to its users.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a hockey stick in side view and FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a stick shaft in one preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a double side and end view of mandrel upon which the shaft is fabricated.
The innermost layer 1 in the cross-section shown in Fig. 2 comprises glass fibers extending longitudinally of a shaft. A
crosswise fiberglass layer 2 is wound therearound. Upon the latter there is another layer 3 of longitudinal glass fibers.
A fourth layer 4 counting from inside comprises again a crosswise wound fiberglass layer and the outermost layer 5 is a longitudinal fiberglass layer. A tape can still be wound around the surface of a shaft.
_ 5 The shaft fabrication is effected by a continuous process, wherein rather flat cross-sectioned mandrels~shown e.g. in fig.
3, are conveyed successively,spaced a small distance from each other. Longitudinal and crosswise fiber layers are laminated alternately upon said mandrels. Longitudinal fibers are passed through fairleads by means of which the longitudinal fiber distribution in various parts of cross-sectio~ is obtained as desired. For increased flexural rigidity, the broad sides of a shaft are provided with more longitudinal fibers.
The number of cross-fibers to be wound is controlled by means of a logic in a manner to provide a desired amount of cross-fiber in various sections of the shaft length. It is particularly plausible to wind more cross-fiber on the base portion of a shaft, below the player's lower hand.
For each longitudinal fiber layer and cross-fiber layer are provided successive fiber supply stations, wherein the resin-moistened fibers are passed around a mandrel.
In order to make the base of a shaft flat for attachment to the blade, one end of a mandrel is flattened the same way as the tip of a chisel, as shown in fig. 3.
When all fiber layers have been fabricated upon a moving array of mandrels and when a binder has set as catalyzed by heat, the tube is cut to lengths at points between said mandrels, the latter are removed from inside the tubes and re-fed into the machine.
In the case shown in fig. 2, the external shape of a mandrel would have been oval. However, in terms of steering a mandrel, the rather flat polygonal shape is preferred. Even in this case, the outer surface of a shaft can be made completely oval by properly controlling the distribution of longitudinal fibers.
In continuous fabrication, the mandrels are required in large quantities and they must withstand successive re-runs. This is one of the reasons why metal mandrels are employed in the invention.
Handle shaft for a hockey stick and method and tool for fabrication thereof.
The present invention relates to a hockey stick han~le shaft, in which is used a fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and whose cross-section is other than circular. The reinforcement used is preferably glass or carbon fiber. The invention also relates to a method for continuous fabricaiion of a hockey stick shaft from a fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic. The invent-ion also relates to a tool for embodying the method.
At present, the hockey stick shafts are constructed almost exclusively of wood by gluing and pressing wood slivers together. However, wooden handle shafts are hampered by several drawbacks. The shafts fracture and break easily which is why hockey sticks must be fabricated in large quantities and it is also necessary to carry large quantities of spare sticks on match tours. Another drawback is that, due to the inhomogeneity, glue-ing~and other such material and manufacturing factors of wood material, the sticks are always different from each other, especially for their stiffness. This drawback deteriorates during the use of hockey sticks, since in stress situations, critical bonds inside a stick snap and the stick becomes . . .
increasingly more resilient. This sti$fness variation of sticks leads to certain inaccuracy in shots. In addition, the re-siliency characteristics of wood are poor, i.e. the attenuation equivalent of wood is relatively high, which means that the deflection energy,involved in straightening the shaft that bends in connection with a slapshot directed to the puck,is badly recovered for a higher initial velocity. A third drawback is the relatively great weight of a wooden stick since the core material of a solid hockey stick is essentially unnecessary in terms of stiffness. For reasons of fabrication technique, a wooden shaft is of equal material over its entire length. A
result of this is that the shaft most often breaks at its base portion below the player's lower hand.
lZl~386 The natural form of cross-section of a laminated product glued of wood slivers is a rectangle. The corners of said rectangle are removed because of safety hazard. However, the design of a shaft is stil1 angul.ar which in practice has still been found to be a substantial safety hazard. For ex-ample, there have been incidents that a finger squeezing the shaft has broken against a shaft corner in a hard stress.
There is a prior proposa]. for the increased strength of a hockey stick handl.e shaft (US Patent 3 561 760) that the shaft be constructed of fiberglass-reinforced pl.atics. The core portion of a shaft is comprised of foam plastic upon which is laminated said fiberglass-reinforced plastic. The foam plastic inside the shaft has been required for reasons of fabrication technique to provide a core upon which a fiberglass-reinforced plastic sheeting is formed. Neverthe-less, the foam plastic core increases the weight of a shaft without any substantial. contribution to its strength. Such a shaft cannot be fabricated by a continuous process but production is mostly manual. This is why the proposed hockey stick will be too expensive to be competitive with sticks fitted with a wooden shaft.
An object of the invention is to provide a handle shaft for a hockey stick constructed of a fiber-reinforced plastic and producible in continuous process by means of an automatic machine, the price of a shaft becoming approximatel.y the same as that of a wooden shaft while gaining the above-mentioned advantages over a wooden shaft.
In order to achieve this object, the hockey stick shaft according to the invention comprises a hollow tube, including partly longitudinal and partl.y transverse fibers wound therearound. Such a shaft can be manufactured by a continuous process in a manner that successivel.y conveyed mandrels of rather flat cross-section are laminated by alternately winding longitudinal. and crosswise fiber layers therearound, that after setting of a binder the obtained tube is cut to ].engths between said mandrel.s and the mandrels are removed from inside the tubes and re-fed into . ~
the production machine.
The tool employed comprises a metal~rel of rather flat cross-section whose one end is flattened the same way as the tip of a chisel. Thus, the base of a shaft will be accordingly flat for fastening it to the blade.
G' ~ C C~D/;s~
The flexural rigidity of a shaft is accomp~i3cd mainly by means of longitudinal fibers and the impact strength and resistance to buckling are mainly achieved by means of cross-fibers.
An essential aspect in the construction of the invention and its fabrication is a possibility of selecting the fiber distribut-ion in an optimum manner in terms of strength.
In order to increase the flexural rigidity without the increase in weight,the invention suggests that the distribution of long-itudinal fibers in various parts of cross-section be varied in a manner that most longitudinal fibers lie on those opposite sides whose relative distance across the central axis of a shaft is the shortest.
Also the number of cross-fibers per~lenath un~t of a shaft can be varied by controlling the number of wound cross-Eibers by means of a~programmable logic. Thus, the base portion of a shaft below the player's lower hand can be provided with more cross-fiber wound therearound.
In terms of the optimization of strength, it is essential that the number of longitudinal fibers is substantially more than that of cross-fibers. Cross-flbers are interposed between the longitudinal fiber layers.
A hockey stick shaft of the invention offers the following ad-vantages.
A shaft stronger than those of wooden sticks will be more econom-ic since the number of shafts broken is less than before.
The shaft can be made sufficiently strong and at the same time it is lighter than the prior art shafts.
The fiber-reinforced plastic shaft construction returns the deflection energy better, so the puck will acquire a higher initial velocity at the same force.
It is a]so possible to manufacture shafts of exactly equal stiffness which also retain their stiffness in use, i.e. the fatigue inherent of wooden shafts will not occur. With such a shaft, the player learns better shooting accuracy.
The cross-section of a hockey stick can be made oval, contributing on one hand to a grip ( the stick does not turn in the hands) and, on the other hand, hazardous corners are eliminated, so the shaft is safer to its users.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a hockey stick in side view and FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a stick shaft in one preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a double side and end view of mandrel upon which the shaft is fabricated.
The innermost layer 1 in the cross-section shown in Fig. 2 comprises glass fibers extending longitudinally of a shaft. A
crosswise fiberglass layer 2 is wound therearound. Upon the latter there is another layer 3 of longitudinal glass fibers.
A fourth layer 4 counting from inside comprises again a crosswise wound fiberglass layer and the outermost layer 5 is a longitudinal fiberglass layer. A tape can still be wound around the surface of a shaft.
_ 5 The shaft fabrication is effected by a continuous process, wherein rather flat cross-sectioned mandrels~shown e.g. in fig.
3, are conveyed successively,spaced a small distance from each other. Longitudinal and crosswise fiber layers are laminated alternately upon said mandrels. Longitudinal fibers are passed through fairleads by means of which the longitudinal fiber distribution in various parts of cross-sectio~ is obtained as desired. For increased flexural rigidity, the broad sides of a shaft are provided with more longitudinal fibers.
The number of cross-fibers to be wound is controlled by means of a logic in a manner to provide a desired amount of cross-fiber in various sections of the shaft length. It is particularly plausible to wind more cross-fiber on the base portion of a shaft, below the player's lower hand.
For each longitudinal fiber layer and cross-fiber layer are provided successive fiber supply stations, wherein the resin-moistened fibers are passed around a mandrel.
In order to make the base of a shaft flat for attachment to the blade, one end of a mandrel is flattened the same way as the tip of a chisel, as shown in fig. 3.
When all fiber layers have been fabricated upon a moving array of mandrels and when a binder has set as catalyzed by heat, the tube is cut to lengths at points between said mandrels, the latter are removed from inside the tubes and re-fed into the machine.
In the case shown in fig. 2, the external shape of a mandrel would have been oval. However, in terms of steering a mandrel, the rather flat polygonal shape is preferred. Even in this case, the outer surface of a shaft can be made completely oval by properly controlling the distribution of longitudinal fibers.
In continuous fabrication, the mandrels are required in large quantities and they must withstand successive re-runs. This is one of the reasons why metal mandrels are employed in the invention.
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A handle shaft for a hockey stick, said handle shaft being constructed along a longitudinal axis for forming an elongated hollow tube which is non-circular in transverse cross-section, said hollow tube having an inner surface and an outer surface, said inner surface comprising a first layer formed of a plurality of resin-bonded fibers, said first layer being encased within successive layers of resin-bonded crosswise extending fibers and resin-bonded longitudinally extending fibers.
2. A handle shaft as defined in claim 1 wherein said shaft includes a handle portion and a base portion, said base portion being flattened to provide attachment means for attaching said shaft to a hockey stick blade.
3. A handle shaft as defined in claim 1 wherein the number of longitudinally extending fibers is substant-ially more than the number of crosswise extending fibers.
4. A handle shaft as defined in claim 1 wherein said first layer is formed of longitudinally extending fibers.
5. A handle shaft as defined in claim 1 wherein said transverse cross-section is generally oval and said shaft includes opposed side surfaces and opposed end sur-faces, said opposed side surfaces being spaced from said longitudinal axis a shorter distance than are said end surfaces, and said side surfaces contain more long-itudinally extending fibers than said end surfaces.
6. A handle shaft as defined in claim 1 wherein the number of said crosswise extending fibers per unit length varies in various sections of said shaft.
7. A handle shaft as defined in claim 1 wherein said shaft includes a handle portion and a base portion, and said base portion contains more crosswise extending fibers per unit length than said handle portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI824327A FI72429C (en) | 1982-12-16 | 1982-12-16 | Procedure for making shaft for ice hockey club. |
| FI824327 | 1982-12-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1219886A true CA1219886A (en) | 1987-03-31 |
Family
ID=8516462
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000443408A Expired CA1219886A (en) | 1982-12-16 | 1983-12-15 | Handle shaft for a hockey stick and method and tool for fabrication thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1219886A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3344781A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI72429C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8306624L (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1281159A3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7931549B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-04-26 | Sport Maska Inc. | Ice hockey stick |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2088468C (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1999-07-27 | David E. Calapp | Composite hockey stick shaft and process for making same |
| FI1122U1 (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1994-01-12 | Leo Pesonen | Ishockeyklubba |
| CA2223461A1 (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1996-12-27 | Innovative Sports Technologies, Inc. | Hockey stick shaft |
-
1982
- 1982-12-16 FI FI824327A patent/FI72429C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-12-01 SE SE8306624A patent/SE8306624L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-12-10 DE DE19833344781 patent/DE3344781A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-12-15 SU SU833686783A patent/SU1281159A3/en active
- 1983-12-15 CA CA000443408A patent/CA1219886A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7931549B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-04-26 | Sport Maska Inc. | Ice hockey stick |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI824327A0 (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| FI72429C (en) | 1987-06-08 |
| FI824327L (en) | 1984-06-17 |
| SE8306624L (en) | 1984-06-17 |
| FI72429B (en) | 1987-02-27 |
| DE3344781A1 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| SE8306624D0 (en) | 1983-12-01 |
| SU1281159A3 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |