CA1219450A - Cutting segment with porous center section - Google Patents
Cutting segment with porous center sectionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1219450A CA1219450A CA000421355A CA421355A CA1219450A CA 1219450 A CA1219450 A CA 1219450A CA 000421355 A CA000421355 A CA 000421355A CA 421355 A CA421355 A CA 421355A CA 1219450 A CA1219450 A CA 1219450A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- segment
- cutting
- center section
- side sections
- pores
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
Abstract A cutting segment for stone and the like, the segment having a porous center section. A conventional mixture of cement and diamonds is made, and a quantity of filler is added to the mixture. The filler will withstand the sintering process, but subsequently falls out so pores are provided.
A segment is made with only the center porous, while the side sections are as dense as is conventional. The result is that the porous section can receive coolant and/or the resulting slurry for efficient cutting, and the center section wears faster to yield a concave cutting edge.
A segment is made with only the center porous, while the side sections are as dense as is conventional. The result is that the porous section can receive coolant and/or the resulting slurry for efficient cutting, and the center section wears faster to yield a concave cutting edge.
Description
~Z~ S~
CUTTING SEGMENT WITH POROUS CENTER SECTION
Field of the Invention ,. , .. ._ This invention relates generally to stone cutting tools, and is more particularly concerned with an improved diamond-impregnated segment for use on stone cutting tools.
When hard materials such as natural stone, concrete and the like are to be cut or drilled, circular saws, gang saws or annular bits are used, the cutting edge of the tools being provided with diamond-impregnated segments or coatings.
After use of the tool for cutting, the cutting edges of the tools become rounded due to the wear. This rounded cutting edge enlarges the surface that is in contact with the work piece, thereby increasing the power demands on the cutting machine and the blade that carries the cutting segments.
Also, the rounded cutting edge leads to a lateral squeezing of the segment which puts great pressure on the segment. This increased pressure yields a poor quality cut, and causes por-tions of the segment to be broken off. Since the cutting segment needs to remain thick enough to provide a good kerf through vhe material, the breaking off of the sides of the segment renders the segment no longer usable.
Previous efforts at solving the above noted problems have included the use of various shapes of segments in an effort to cause the desired wear pattern on the segment, but these have been very expensive to produce, and many of the designs still tend to become rounded and are subject to the above stated difficulties. Another prior art effort at solving the problems has been to make the segment in layers, with the outer edges of the segment containing more diamond, ~.
lZ~99~S~
or different sizes and qualities of diamond. Again, these segments are much more expensive to manufacture, and still do not wear precisely as desired.
r~ ~-' t-e A~en~
The present invention overcomes the above mentioned and other difficulties with the prior art by providing a cutting segment having side sections and a center section, both the side sections and the center section being formed of a diamond-containing mixture, the center section including pores that do not contain the diamond-containing mixture.
The pores may comprise a solid material that is other than the diamond-containing mixture9 or may be voids; but, in either event, the porous section tends to wear more quickly to yield the desired configuration. The segment may be made in distinct layers to provide the side and center sections;
or one mass of material may have the porosity introduced centrally thereof to achieve the same effect. It is con-templated that a relatively soft material will be mixed into the diamond-containing material, the rela-tively soft material being mixed generally uniformly to provide the pores.
Brief_Description of the Drawings These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following speciflcation when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. la is a side elevational view of a circular saw having cutting segments carried by the circumference;
Fig. lb is a side elevational view of a gang saw having cutting segments carried by the cutting edge;
Fig, 2a is an end elevational view of a cutting seg-ment as the segment is manufactured;
Fig. 2b is a view similar to Fig. 2a showing a prior art segment after some use;
Figs. 3 and ~ are views similar to Fig. 2b showing prior art segments after extensive use;
Fig. 5 is an end elevational view of a cutting seg-ment showing the preferred wear pattern for such segments;
Figs. 6 and 7 are end elevational views showing two prior art configurations that are attempts to achieve the desired wear pattern;
Figs. ~ and 9 are end eleva-tional views showing two prior art segments using layers in an effort to achieve the desired wear pattern;
Figs. lOa--llc are views of prior art segments having center portions designed to wear faster due to shape of the segments; and, Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a cutting seg-ment made in accordance with the present invention.
Description of an Embodiment of the Invention Referring now more particularly to the drawings and to that embodiment of the invention here presented by way of illustration, Fig. la shows a generally conventional circular saw 15 having notches 16 therearound as i5 conventional. The notches 16 are necessary for relief of the stone dust and the provision of water or other cooling liquid. Between the notches 16, each portion of the circumference of the saw 15 mounts a cutting segment 1~.
Fig. lb shows a gang saw, or reciprocating saw, 19, the saw 19 having spaced notches 20 with cutting segments 21 o secured to the cutting edge between the notches 20.
Fig. 2a illustrates the usual configuration of a cutting segment as the segment is manufactured. It will be seen that the segment is designated as 1~, and the cutting tool is designated 15. Those skilled in the art will under-stand that other cutting tools such as the gang saw 19, rotary cutting bits and the like w-ill have similar segments similarly mounted, but the circular saw 15 is here used by way of example. The cutting segment 1~ is generally rectan-gular and extends beyond each side of the saw 15 so a wide kerf will be provided~ This will assure that only the cutting segments 1~ actually engage the material being cut, and will thereby require a minimum of power to be provided to the saw 15.
Fig. 2b illustrates the usual wear pattern of the prior art cutting segments. The corners of the segment wear off so the cutting edge becomes rounded Obviously, the rounded edge has a greater surface area, requiring more power to operate the cutting tool. Furthermore, as the segment is used further, the sides of the segment continue to wear so the segment becomes smaller and narrower as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
When the cutting segment is shaped as shown in Fig. 3, it will be seen that the cutting edge of the tool will tend to be wedged into the kerf, causing considerable lateral, or compressive, forces. These forces require an even greater amount of power on the cutting machine, and tend to break off the edges of the segment extending beyond the sides of the saw.
It will therefore be seen that the width of the prior art cutting segment approaches the width of the saw itself.
Fig. 5 of the drawings illustrates the desired wear s~
pattern of a cutting segment such as the segment 1~. It will be seen that the sides 24 and 25 remain substan~ially straight, while the cutting edge 26 is somewhat concave. Because of this shape, it will be understood that the kerf remains of constant width, thereby allowing continuing freedom of move-ment of the saw 15 within the kerf without binding, or neces-sitating greater power. Also, because the leading edges of the cut are made by the side areas of the segment 1~, the saw tends to move in a straight line through the material being cut. This is desirable both for -the quality of the cut and to prevent torsional forces on the saw.
Figs. 7 and ~ illustrate prior art shapes of segments.
The object of these shapes is to pre~ent the wearing of -the sides as shown in Fig. 3. While the sides may not be immedi-ately worn away, the segment becomes progressively narrow, which leads to the same result. Also, the cutting edge of the segments still tends to become rounded as shown in Fig. 2b.
Figs. ~ and 9 illustrate prior art segments utilizing layers to change the wear pattern. These segments have been made by mixing separate batches of diamonds and the cement mixture in which the diamonds are embedded. This procedure is expensive in itself, and sometimes higher quality diamonds are required in the side layers, thereby further increasing the cost.
Figs. lOa, lOb, lla, llb and llc all show prior art segments in which the center portion of the segment is designed to wear faster9 simply because of the shape of the segment.
In all cases it will be seen that a significant portion of the central area of the segment is omitted. These elaborate shapes are quite expensive to manufacture, and are provided 12~9~S~
with relatively thin wall members that may be broken easily since they do not have lateral support.
With the abo~e in mind, and looking at Fig. 12 of the drawings, it will be seen that the segment, again designated as 1~ by way of illustration, has side sections 2~ and 29 and a center section 30. The three sections are here shown as delineated by discrete lines, but it will be understood that, in practice, the side sections and the center section may somewhat merge into one another without the clear line.
To achieve the center section 30, a relatively soft material is mixed into the diamond and cement mixture, so the center section 30 includes a plurality of pores 31 that do not include the diamond and cement mixture.
At this point it should be mentioned that the con-ventional segments are made by utilizing a cement material such as a cemented carbide or the like, mixing a quantity of diamond into the cement, and sintering the material to harden the cement. Those skilled in the art are well aware of this technique and will understand with no further discussion.
To provide a segment made in accordance with the present nvention, the segment is made substantially the same as the prior art segments; however, to the cement and diamond mixture is added a quantity of a soft material. The soft material must nevertheless be able to withstand the sintering process and rnaintain -the pores 31 in the completed segment. A material such as graphite is therefore desirable.
It should be realized that it is not necessary for the soft material to remain in place within the pores 31.
The object is only to provide the generally uniform disper-sion of pores throughout the center section 30. The soft ~2~5~
material may subsequently fall out, or be driven out by the mechanical forces in the use of the segment. In any case, the uniform dispersion of the pores 31 in the center section 30 will cause the center section 30 to wear more quickly than the dense side sections 2~ and 29~ This will yield the ideal wear pattern shown in Fig. 5.
It will be seen that an important effect achieved by the porous center section 30 is that the pores of -the center section can receive a quantity of cooling liquid so the cooling liquid will be applied directly to the cutting area. The resulting slurry can also be received by the porous center section 30 to allow the diamond direct contact with the material being cut, for more effective cutting.
The ratio of the filler of soft material to the cement and diamond mixture can be varied to change the wear pattern, more filler being added to allow faster wear. Also, using the present invention, one is not limited to any par-ticular shape of segment, but the segments can be made in any shape desired. Further, while the side sections 2~ and 29 may have different quantities and/or qualities of diamond if desired, the mixture for the entire segment may be the same, the faster wear being achieved solely through the use of the soft filler material to provide the porosity.
It will also be understood that the filler is soft relative to the cement, so numerous filler materials will suggest themselves to those skilled in the artO
It will therefore be understood that the particular embodiment of the invention here presented is by way of illus-tration only, and is meant to be in no way restrictive;
therefore, numerous changes and modifications may be made, ~2~
and the full use of equivalents resorted to, without departing from the spirit o~ scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
CUTTING SEGMENT WITH POROUS CENTER SECTION
Field of the Invention ,. , .. ._ This invention relates generally to stone cutting tools, and is more particularly concerned with an improved diamond-impregnated segment for use on stone cutting tools.
When hard materials such as natural stone, concrete and the like are to be cut or drilled, circular saws, gang saws or annular bits are used, the cutting edge of the tools being provided with diamond-impregnated segments or coatings.
After use of the tool for cutting, the cutting edges of the tools become rounded due to the wear. This rounded cutting edge enlarges the surface that is in contact with the work piece, thereby increasing the power demands on the cutting machine and the blade that carries the cutting segments.
Also, the rounded cutting edge leads to a lateral squeezing of the segment which puts great pressure on the segment. This increased pressure yields a poor quality cut, and causes por-tions of the segment to be broken off. Since the cutting segment needs to remain thick enough to provide a good kerf through vhe material, the breaking off of the sides of the segment renders the segment no longer usable.
Previous efforts at solving the above noted problems have included the use of various shapes of segments in an effort to cause the desired wear pattern on the segment, but these have been very expensive to produce, and many of the designs still tend to become rounded and are subject to the above stated difficulties. Another prior art effort at solving the problems has been to make the segment in layers, with the outer edges of the segment containing more diamond, ~.
lZ~99~S~
or different sizes and qualities of diamond. Again, these segments are much more expensive to manufacture, and still do not wear precisely as desired.
r~ ~-' t-e A~en~
The present invention overcomes the above mentioned and other difficulties with the prior art by providing a cutting segment having side sections and a center section, both the side sections and the center section being formed of a diamond-containing mixture, the center section including pores that do not contain the diamond-containing mixture.
The pores may comprise a solid material that is other than the diamond-containing mixture9 or may be voids; but, in either event, the porous section tends to wear more quickly to yield the desired configuration. The segment may be made in distinct layers to provide the side and center sections;
or one mass of material may have the porosity introduced centrally thereof to achieve the same effect. It is con-templated that a relatively soft material will be mixed into the diamond-containing material, the rela-tively soft material being mixed generally uniformly to provide the pores.
Brief_Description of the Drawings These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following speciflcation when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. la is a side elevational view of a circular saw having cutting segments carried by the circumference;
Fig. lb is a side elevational view of a gang saw having cutting segments carried by the cutting edge;
Fig, 2a is an end elevational view of a cutting seg-ment as the segment is manufactured;
Fig. 2b is a view similar to Fig. 2a showing a prior art segment after some use;
Figs. 3 and ~ are views similar to Fig. 2b showing prior art segments after extensive use;
Fig. 5 is an end elevational view of a cutting seg-ment showing the preferred wear pattern for such segments;
Figs. 6 and 7 are end elevational views showing two prior art configurations that are attempts to achieve the desired wear pattern;
Figs. ~ and 9 are end eleva-tional views showing two prior art segments using layers in an effort to achieve the desired wear pattern;
Figs. lOa--llc are views of prior art segments having center portions designed to wear faster due to shape of the segments; and, Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a cutting seg-ment made in accordance with the present invention.
Description of an Embodiment of the Invention Referring now more particularly to the drawings and to that embodiment of the invention here presented by way of illustration, Fig. la shows a generally conventional circular saw 15 having notches 16 therearound as i5 conventional. The notches 16 are necessary for relief of the stone dust and the provision of water or other cooling liquid. Between the notches 16, each portion of the circumference of the saw 15 mounts a cutting segment 1~.
Fig. lb shows a gang saw, or reciprocating saw, 19, the saw 19 having spaced notches 20 with cutting segments 21 o secured to the cutting edge between the notches 20.
Fig. 2a illustrates the usual configuration of a cutting segment as the segment is manufactured. It will be seen that the segment is designated as 1~, and the cutting tool is designated 15. Those skilled in the art will under-stand that other cutting tools such as the gang saw 19, rotary cutting bits and the like w-ill have similar segments similarly mounted, but the circular saw 15 is here used by way of example. The cutting segment 1~ is generally rectan-gular and extends beyond each side of the saw 15 so a wide kerf will be provided~ This will assure that only the cutting segments 1~ actually engage the material being cut, and will thereby require a minimum of power to be provided to the saw 15.
Fig. 2b illustrates the usual wear pattern of the prior art cutting segments. The corners of the segment wear off so the cutting edge becomes rounded Obviously, the rounded edge has a greater surface area, requiring more power to operate the cutting tool. Furthermore, as the segment is used further, the sides of the segment continue to wear so the segment becomes smaller and narrower as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
When the cutting segment is shaped as shown in Fig. 3, it will be seen that the cutting edge of the tool will tend to be wedged into the kerf, causing considerable lateral, or compressive, forces. These forces require an even greater amount of power on the cutting machine, and tend to break off the edges of the segment extending beyond the sides of the saw.
It will therefore be seen that the width of the prior art cutting segment approaches the width of the saw itself.
Fig. 5 of the drawings illustrates the desired wear s~
pattern of a cutting segment such as the segment 1~. It will be seen that the sides 24 and 25 remain substan~ially straight, while the cutting edge 26 is somewhat concave. Because of this shape, it will be understood that the kerf remains of constant width, thereby allowing continuing freedom of move-ment of the saw 15 within the kerf without binding, or neces-sitating greater power. Also, because the leading edges of the cut are made by the side areas of the segment 1~, the saw tends to move in a straight line through the material being cut. This is desirable both for -the quality of the cut and to prevent torsional forces on the saw.
Figs. 7 and ~ illustrate prior art shapes of segments.
The object of these shapes is to pre~ent the wearing of -the sides as shown in Fig. 3. While the sides may not be immedi-ately worn away, the segment becomes progressively narrow, which leads to the same result. Also, the cutting edge of the segments still tends to become rounded as shown in Fig. 2b.
Figs. ~ and 9 illustrate prior art segments utilizing layers to change the wear pattern. These segments have been made by mixing separate batches of diamonds and the cement mixture in which the diamonds are embedded. This procedure is expensive in itself, and sometimes higher quality diamonds are required in the side layers, thereby further increasing the cost.
Figs. lOa, lOb, lla, llb and llc all show prior art segments in which the center portion of the segment is designed to wear faster9 simply because of the shape of the segment.
In all cases it will be seen that a significant portion of the central area of the segment is omitted. These elaborate shapes are quite expensive to manufacture, and are provided 12~9~S~
with relatively thin wall members that may be broken easily since they do not have lateral support.
With the abo~e in mind, and looking at Fig. 12 of the drawings, it will be seen that the segment, again designated as 1~ by way of illustration, has side sections 2~ and 29 and a center section 30. The three sections are here shown as delineated by discrete lines, but it will be understood that, in practice, the side sections and the center section may somewhat merge into one another without the clear line.
To achieve the center section 30, a relatively soft material is mixed into the diamond and cement mixture, so the center section 30 includes a plurality of pores 31 that do not include the diamond and cement mixture.
At this point it should be mentioned that the con-ventional segments are made by utilizing a cement material such as a cemented carbide or the like, mixing a quantity of diamond into the cement, and sintering the material to harden the cement. Those skilled in the art are well aware of this technique and will understand with no further discussion.
To provide a segment made in accordance with the present nvention, the segment is made substantially the same as the prior art segments; however, to the cement and diamond mixture is added a quantity of a soft material. The soft material must nevertheless be able to withstand the sintering process and rnaintain -the pores 31 in the completed segment. A material such as graphite is therefore desirable.
It should be realized that it is not necessary for the soft material to remain in place within the pores 31.
The object is only to provide the generally uniform disper-sion of pores throughout the center section 30. The soft ~2~5~
material may subsequently fall out, or be driven out by the mechanical forces in the use of the segment. In any case, the uniform dispersion of the pores 31 in the center section 30 will cause the center section 30 to wear more quickly than the dense side sections 2~ and 29~ This will yield the ideal wear pattern shown in Fig. 5.
It will be seen that an important effect achieved by the porous center section 30 is that the pores of -the center section can receive a quantity of cooling liquid so the cooling liquid will be applied directly to the cutting area. The resulting slurry can also be received by the porous center section 30 to allow the diamond direct contact with the material being cut, for more effective cutting.
The ratio of the filler of soft material to the cement and diamond mixture can be varied to change the wear pattern, more filler being added to allow faster wear. Also, using the present invention, one is not limited to any par-ticular shape of segment, but the segments can be made in any shape desired. Further, while the side sections 2~ and 29 may have different quantities and/or qualities of diamond if desired, the mixture for the entire segment may be the same, the faster wear being achieved solely through the use of the soft filler material to provide the porosity.
It will also be understood that the filler is soft relative to the cement, so numerous filler materials will suggest themselves to those skilled in the artO
It will therefore be understood that the particular embodiment of the invention here presented is by way of illus-tration only, and is meant to be in no way restrictive;
therefore, numerous changes and modifications may be made, ~2~
and the full use of equivalents resorted to, without departing from the spirit o~ scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A cutting segment comprising a cement having diamond mixed therein for cutting stone and the like, said segment having a cutting edge, side sections arranged perpendicularly to said cutting edge, and a center section disposed between said side sections, said center section defining a plurality of small pores generally uniformly distributed throughout said center section, such distribution being random both as to the location and the orientation of the pores.
2. A cutting segment as claimed in claim 1, said pores containing a relatively soft material.
3. A cutting segment as claimed in claim 1, said center section being sufficiently porous as to wear at a faster rate than said side sections.
4. A method for making a diamond-containing cutting segment wherein a cement is mixed with diamonds, shaped, and pressed and sintered to harden the cement, characterized by mixing a quantity of filler with the cement and diamonds, said filler being such as to withstand the compression and sintering but relatively soft to cause uniformly distributed pores in said segment.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said segment comprises side sections and a center section between said side sections, the arrangement being such that said side sections and said center section engage material during a cutting operation, and said filler is added to said center section only.
6. In a stone cutting segment, wherein said segment is formed of a cement having diamonds dispersed therein, said segment having a cutting edge, side sections arranged perpendicularly to said cutting edge, and a center section disposed between said side sections so that said side sections and said center section form said cutting edge, both said side sections and said center section being formed of said cement having diamonds dispersed therein, the improvement wherein said center section includes a relatively soft material as compared to said cement dispersed therein, said relatively soft material being within a plurality of individual pores substantially uniformly distributed throughout said center section, said relatively soft material filling all said pores.
7. In a stone cutting segment as claimed in claim 6, the further improvement wherein pores substantially at said cutting edge will have said relatively soft material dislodged therefrom during cutting for defining pores for receiving liquid during such cutting.
8. In a stone cutting segment as claimed in claim 7, the improvement wherein said relatively soft material consists of graphite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000421355A CA1219450A (en) | 1983-02-10 | 1983-02-10 | Cutting segment with porous center section |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000421355A CA1219450A (en) | 1983-02-10 | 1983-02-10 | Cutting segment with porous center section |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1219450A true CA1219450A (en) | 1987-03-24 |
Family
ID=4124540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000421355A Expired CA1219450A (en) | 1983-02-10 | 1983-02-10 | Cutting segment with porous center section |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1219450A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-02-10 CA CA000421355A patent/CA1219450A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |