CA1217965A - System for applying sulfur dioxide to forage - Google Patents
System for applying sulfur dioxide to forageInfo
- Publication number
- CA1217965A CA1217965A CA000403084A CA403084A CA1217965A CA 1217965 A CA1217965 A CA 1217965A CA 000403084 A CA000403084 A CA 000403084A CA 403084 A CA403084 A CA 403084A CA 1217965 A CA1217965 A CA 1217965A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pump
- forage
- liquid
- sulfur dioxide
- supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F15/00—Baling presses for straw, hay or the like
- A01F15/08—Details
- A01F15/0816—Devices for dispensing chemicals in bales during formation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3409—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE
SYSTEM FOR APPLYING SULFUR DIOXIDE TO FORAGE
INVENTOR
H. Page Harrison ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and apparatus for sterilizing or preserving forage crops with liquid sulfur dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, or the like. A pump and a pressure regulator maintain back pressure to the supply of lique-fied gas, while the liquefied gas is pumped through a spray nozzle onto the forage in a substantially liquid state.
SYSTEM FOR APPLYING SULFUR DIOXIDE TO FORAGE
INVENTOR
H. Page Harrison ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and apparatus for sterilizing or preserving forage crops with liquid sulfur dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, or the like. A pump and a pressure regulator maintain back pressure to the supply of lique-fied gas, while the liquefied gas is pumped through a spray nozzle onto the forage in a substantially liquid state.
Description
~2~7~6~
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for preserving forage and, more particularly, to treating forage with liquefied gaseous sterilants or preservatives.
In northern agriculture areas, it is necessary to preserve nearly half of the annual forage crop, either as hay or silage, without undue loss of its nutritional value. To reduce the loss of nutritional value, additives are frequently used including sterilants and preserve-lives such as an hydrous ammonia, less frequently used are formaldehyde, sodium metabisulfite, and sulfur dioxide.
Of the foregoing, sulfur dioxide could have potential as an additive due to its abundance in some agricultural areas and because of its relatively low cost. The main difficulty in applying sulfur dioxide to forage is that it is in a gaseous state at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. ye loss of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere is therefore an economic penalty and an environmental concern.
It has been found that liquid sulfur dioxide combines readily with moisture in forage and, it has been suggested to inject the liquid sulfur dioxide into forage in a tower silo.
Another method of treating silage is that of applying an hydrous ammonia to corn silage. The an hydrous ammonia, like sulfur dioxide, is liquefied under pressure, and is maintained as a liquid until it flows into a condensation chamber. Vaporization in the condensation chamber - reduces the temperature of the liquid and vapor mixture which flows by gravity to the harvester where it is mixed with the forage. Louvre, use of this system results in a loss of approximately 50% of the sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for applying a liquefied gas to forage which will sub Stan-tidally reduce the loss to the atmosphere, thereby increasing the amount of liquefied gas absorbed by the forage.
A further object of the present is the provision of valve means which will minimize the possibility of the pipes freezing.
Accordingly, the present invention provides, in a method of preserving and Stirling crops in which a supply of liquefied gaseous sterilant or preservative, an improvement comprising maintaining a back 79~
pressure to said supply of liquid gaseous sterilant or preservative while purnpLng said liquid gaseous sterilant onto said crop in the form of a substantially liquid spray.
In the drawings hill illustrate preferred elrlbodinents of the invention, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the apparatus of this invention, Figure 2 is a side elevation Al view showing the positioning of the spray nozzle of this invention on a forage harvester, Figure 3 is a side elevation Al view of a round hay baler showing the positioning of the nozzle of this apparatus and Figure 4 is a side elevation Al view of the nozzle of this invention in position on a mower conditiorler.
Referring now ill detail to the drawings in which the apparatus of this invention, shown generally at 10, includes a supply tank 12 of liquefied gas, preferably sulfur dioxide. The tank 12 is equipped with a riser or dip tube 14 coupled to stainless steel line 16 in a conventional manner. A strainer 18 and a pressure gauze 20 are preferably provide in the stainless steel line 16 between the tank 12 and the inlet of a pump 24. The pump 24 is preferably a Cole-Palmer V3-305 positive displacement gear pump with stainless steel body, shaft and corrosion resistant Teflon*
gears, 12 volts, capacity 0.9 gym (USE, at 60 Sue Also provided in the line 16 is a T-fitting 28 to which a stainless steel line 26 is con netted. The line US interconnects the T-fittlrlg 28 of line 16 with a stainless steel conduit 30 througit back pressure regulator valve 32 and T-fitting 34. The back pressure regulating valve 32 is preferably a Fisher 98H which has a cast iron body and a stainless steel diaphragm The conduit 30 has one end coupled to the outlet of the pump 24. The conduit 30 extends from the T-fitting 34 to a solenoid valve 36 and may be provided with further pressure gauze 38. The solenoid valve foe is of the type krlown as Skinner V52DA2100 which have Teflon seats. A spray nozzle 40 is coupled directly to the outlet of the solenoid Valve of,. A
suitable nozzle 40 is the Delavan*6573, 80 spray ankle, Model 1F2 to LF8 (0.2 to 0.8 prune [US.] at 40 psi).
If no riser or dip tube is provided, the talk iota I! inverted in order to obtain a supply of the liquid sulfur dioxide.
* Trade Marks issue As shown in figure 2, the spray nozzle 40 and solenoid valve 36 are located immediately behind the table auger 42 of the forage harvester Locating the solenoid shut-off valve 36 at the nozzle 40 permits convenient shut-off without loss of chemical and also avoids freezing which would occur in a pipe between the solenoid valve and the nozzle.
The use of solenoids also enables convenient changes in apply-cation rates when used in a battery of solenoids and nozzles having different orifices.
In operation, the pump 24 operates continuously and the pros-sure downstream of the pump I is maintained at a set value by the pressure regulator valve 32 so that the flow rate through the nozzle is constant, but the downstream pressure is always above the supply tank pressure so that little or no vaporization occurs and, thus, the sulfur dioxide will be substantially in a liquid state at the nozzle 40. If vaporization occurs, the flow through the nozzle orifice is critically reduced. This back pressure provided by the pump 24 through the pressure regulator valve 32 to the supply tank 12 compensates for diurnal changes in the pressure within tile supply tank 12 which may vary as much as 100% or about 40 psi Similarly, the solenoid valve 36 and the nozzle 40 art shown in use on a round baler 50 in figure 3, and on a mower conditioner 52 in figure 4.
Liquid sulfur dioxide flows to the pump 24 by a combination of the vapor pressure within the tank 12 and the action of the pump. If the tank 12 has a riser or dip tube, the tank port is at the top; if not the tank must be inverted. The pump increases the pressure to a level which will result in a known flow through the nozzle orifice and achieve the required application rate. The excess liquid sulfur dioxide pumped is returned to the inlet side of the pump through the back pressure regulating valve. In doing so, the valve maintains the preset nozzle orifice pressure independent of the pressure upstream of the pump 24 and in the supply tank 12.
The back pressure regulating valve 32 is operated by the movement of its diaphragm. The down-stream pressure exerts its force against the underside of the diaphragm. Inn this pressure rises above the desired level the diaphragm is forced up compressing its control sprung and opening the valve so that the excess fluid can escape to the inlet side of the pump. As soon as a quantity of fluid sufficient to lower the downstream pressure to the predetermined level has been by-passed, the spring closes the valve 32.
Pressure in the system either upstream or do stream of the pump is maintained at the supply tank pressure or above, otherwise vaporization will occur altering the flow through the nozzle orifice.
In use, the system lo is filled with liquefied gas, in this case liquid S02~ which is sprayed through the nozzle 40 directly onto the forage. It is important that the liquid S02 be distributed over the forage and not be dependent on limited mixing in the auger as in the case when liquid S02 is allowed to flow by gravity. As illustrated in figure 2, the liquefied gas is sprayed on to the forage ahead of cutting cylinder 46, thereby increasing the time for the forage to absorb the liquid S02. Inn the forage leaves the harvester, sulfur dioxide which has not been absorbed is lost to the atmosphere.
The system 10 also enables the treatment of hay as it is baled (see figure 3) or as it is cut and mechanically conditioned as shown in figure 4.
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for preserving forage and, more particularly, to treating forage with liquefied gaseous sterilants or preservatives.
In northern agriculture areas, it is necessary to preserve nearly half of the annual forage crop, either as hay or silage, without undue loss of its nutritional value. To reduce the loss of nutritional value, additives are frequently used including sterilants and preserve-lives such as an hydrous ammonia, less frequently used are formaldehyde, sodium metabisulfite, and sulfur dioxide.
Of the foregoing, sulfur dioxide could have potential as an additive due to its abundance in some agricultural areas and because of its relatively low cost. The main difficulty in applying sulfur dioxide to forage is that it is in a gaseous state at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. ye loss of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere is therefore an economic penalty and an environmental concern.
It has been found that liquid sulfur dioxide combines readily with moisture in forage and, it has been suggested to inject the liquid sulfur dioxide into forage in a tower silo.
Another method of treating silage is that of applying an hydrous ammonia to corn silage. The an hydrous ammonia, like sulfur dioxide, is liquefied under pressure, and is maintained as a liquid until it flows into a condensation chamber. Vaporization in the condensation chamber - reduces the temperature of the liquid and vapor mixture which flows by gravity to the harvester where it is mixed with the forage. Louvre, use of this system results in a loss of approximately 50% of the sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for applying a liquefied gas to forage which will sub Stan-tidally reduce the loss to the atmosphere, thereby increasing the amount of liquefied gas absorbed by the forage.
A further object of the present is the provision of valve means which will minimize the possibility of the pipes freezing.
Accordingly, the present invention provides, in a method of preserving and Stirling crops in which a supply of liquefied gaseous sterilant or preservative, an improvement comprising maintaining a back 79~
pressure to said supply of liquid gaseous sterilant or preservative while purnpLng said liquid gaseous sterilant onto said crop in the form of a substantially liquid spray.
In the drawings hill illustrate preferred elrlbodinents of the invention, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the apparatus of this invention, Figure 2 is a side elevation Al view showing the positioning of the spray nozzle of this invention on a forage harvester, Figure 3 is a side elevation Al view of a round hay baler showing the positioning of the nozzle of this apparatus and Figure 4 is a side elevation Al view of the nozzle of this invention in position on a mower conditiorler.
Referring now ill detail to the drawings in which the apparatus of this invention, shown generally at 10, includes a supply tank 12 of liquefied gas, preferably sulfur dioxide. The tank 12 is equipped with a riser or dip tube 14 coupled to stainless steel line 16 in a conventional manner. A strainer 18 and a pressure gauze 20 are preferably provide in the stainless steel line 16 between the tank 12 and the inlet of a pump 24. The pump 24 is preferably a Cole-Palmer V3-305 positive displacement gear pump with stainless steel body, shaft and corrosion resistant Teflon*
gears, 12 volts, capacity 0.9 gym (USE, at 60 Sue Also provided in the line 16 is a T-fitting 28 to which a stainless steel line 26 is con netted. The line US interconnects the T-fittlrlg 28 of line 16 with a stainless steel conduit 30 througit back pressure regulator valve 32 and T-fitting 34. The back pressure regulating valve 32 is preferably a Fisher 98H which has a cast iron body and a stainless steel diaphragm The conduit 30 has one end coupled to the outlet of the pump 24. The conduit 30 extends from the T-fitting 34 to a solenoid valve 36 and may be provided with further pressure gauze 38. The solenoid valve foe is of the type krlown as Skinner V52DA2100 which have Teflon seats. A spray nozzle 40 is coupled directly to the outlet of the solenoid Valve of,. A
suitable nozzle 40 is the Delavan*6573, 80 spray ankle, Model 1F2 to LF8 (0.2 to 0.8 prune [US.] at 40 psi).
If no riser or dip tube is provided, the talk iota I! inverted in order to obtain a supply of the liquid sulfur dioxide.
* Trade Marks issue As shown in figure 2, the spray nozzle 40 and solenoid valve 36 are located immediately behind the table auger 42 of the forage harvester Locating the solenoid shut-off valve 36 at the nozzle 40 permits convenient shut-off without loss of chemical and also avoids freezing which would occur in a pipe between the solenoid valve and the nozzle.
The use of solenoids also enables convenient changes in apply-cation rates when used in a battery of solenoids and nozzles having different orifices.
In operation, the pump 24 operates continuously and the pros-sure downstream of the pump I is maintained at a set value by the pressure regulator valve 32 so that the flow rate through the nozzle is constant, but the downstream pressure is always above the supply tank pressure so that little or no vaporization occurs and, thus, the sulfur dioxide will be substantially in a liquid state at the nozzle 40. If vaporization occurs, the flow through the nozzle orifice is critically reduced. This back pressure provided by the pump 24 through the pressure regulator valve 32 to the supply tank 12 compensates for diurnal changes in the pressure within tile supply tank 12 which may vary as much as 100% or about 40 psi Similarly, the solenoid valve 36 and the nozzle 40 art shown in use on a round baler 50 in figure 3, and on a mower conditioner 52 in figure 4.
Liquid sulfur dioxide flows to the pump 24 by a combination of the vapor pressure within the tank 12 and the action of the pump. If the tank 12 has a riser or dip tube, the tank port is at the top; if not the tank must be inverted. The pump increases the pressure to a level which will result in a known flow through the nozzle orifice and achieve the required application rate. The excess liquid sulfur dioxide pumped is returned to the inlet side of the pump through the back pressure regulating valve. In doing so, the valve maintains the preset nozzle orifice pressure independent of the pressure upstream of the pump 24 and in the supply tank 12.
The back pressure regulating valve 32 is operated by the movement of its diaphragm. The down-stream pressure exerts its force against the underside of the diaphragm. Inn this pressure rises above the desired level the diaphragm is forced up compressing its control sprung and opening the valve so that the excess fluid can escape to the inlet side of the pump. As soon as a quantity of fluid sufficient to lower the downstream pressure to the predetermined level has been by-passed, the spring closes the valve 32.
Pressure in the system either upstream or do stream of the pump is maintained at the supply tank pressure or above, otherwise vaporization will occur altering the flow through the nozzle orifice.
In use, the system lo is filled with liquefied gas, in this case liquid S02~ which is sprayed through the nozzle 40 directly onto the forage. It is important that the liquid S02 be distributed over the forage and not be dependent on limited mixing in the auger as in the case when liquid S02 is allowed to flow by gravity. As illustrated in figure 2, the liquefied gas is sprayed on to the forage ahead of cutting cylinder 46, thereby increasing the time for the forage to absorb the liquid S02. Inn the forage leaves the harvester, sulfur dioxide which has not been absorbed is lost to the atmosphere.
The system 10 also enables the treatment of hay as it is baled (see figure 3) or as it is cut and mechanically conditioned as shown in figure 4.
Claims (7)
1. In a method of preserving and sterilizing crops in which a supply of liquefied gaseous sterilant or preservative is applied to said crop, the improvement comprising maintaining a back pressure to said supply of liquefied gaseous sterilant or preservative to maintain said liquefied gaseous sterilant or preservative in a liquid state while pumping said liquid gaseous sterilant onto said crop in the form of a substantially liquid spray.
2. In an apparatus for preserving and sterilizing crops in which a supply of liquefied gaseous sterilant or preservative is applied to said crop, the improvement comprising means for maintaining a back pressure to said supply of liquid gaseous sterilant or preservative connected to a pump for pumping said liquid gaseous sterilant onto said crop in the form of a substantially liquid spray.
3. A method of preserving and sterilizing crops as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sterilant or preservative is sulfur dioxide.
4. A method of preserving and sterilizing crops as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sterilant and preservative is anhydrous ammonia.
5. An apparatus for preserving and sterilizing crops as claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for applying back pressure to said supply of liquid or gaseous sterilant is a pressure regulator connected between an outlet conduit from said pump and a conduit on an inlet side of said pump between said supply and said pump.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein a pressure gauge is provided in said outlet conduit and a second pressure gauge is provided in said conduit on said inlet side of said pump.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein a solenoid valve is provided on an end of said outlet conduit and a spray nozzle is provided on said solenoid valve so that the flow of liquefied sterilant or pre-servative to said nozzle is controlled by said solenoid valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403084A CA1217965A (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1982-05-17 | System for applying sulfur dioxide to forage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403084A CA1217965A (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1982-05-17 | System for applying sulfur dioxide to forage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1217965A true CA1217965A (en) | 1987-02-17 |
Family
ID=4122795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403084A Expired CA1217965A (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1982-05-17 | System for applying sulfur dioxide to forage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1217965A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0674845A1 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-04 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Method for deactivating enzymes and microorganisms |
| EP4278884A1 (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-11-22 | Deere & Company | Baler implement with variable preservative system |
-
1982
- 1982-05-17 CA CA000403084A patent/CA1217965A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0674845A1 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-04 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Method for deactivating enzymes and microorganisms |
| AU682928B2 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1997-10-23 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Method for deactivating enzymes and microorganisms |
| EP4278884A1 (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-11-22 | Deere & Company | Baler implement with variable preservative system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |