CA1214902A - Ladle covering compound - Google Patents
Ladle covering compoundInfo
- Publication number
- CA1214902A CA1214902A CA000453740A CA453740A CA1214902A CA 1214902 A CA1214902 A CA 1214902A CA 000453740 A CA000453740 A CA 000453740A CA 453740 A CA453740 A CA 453740A CA 1214902 A CA1214902 A CA 1214902A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- molten metal
- fluorspar
- compound
- exhibits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The exposed surface of a molten metal, ferrous or non-ferrous in a ladle is covered by an expanding insul-ating ladle covering compound that is capable of absorb-ing and removing non-metallic inclusions in a predictable volume. The compound includes burnt lime in amounts between 56% and 60% by weight, aluminum dross, including Al2O3 in amounts between 22% and 30% by weight,fluorspar in amounts between 7% and 9% by weight, and acid treated graphite in amounts between 1% and 4% by weight.
The exposed surface of a molten metal, ferrous or non-ferrous in a ladle is covered by an expanding insul-ating ladle covering compound that is capable of absorb-ing and removing non-metallic inclusions in a predictable volume. The compound includes burnt lime in amounts between 56% and 60% by weight, aluminum dross, including Al2O3 in amounts between 22% and 30% by weight,fluorspar in amounts between 7% and 9% by weight, and acid treated graphite in amounts between 1% and 4% by weight.
Description
~23~
Background of the Invention Technical ~ield:
-This invention relates to the transfer and pouring of molten metals such as the pouring of molten iron and steel ~rom a refractory lined bottom pour transfer ladle and the practice o~ providing a ladle covering compound -from heat insulation and adsorp~ion of non-metallics from the molten metal in the ladle.
Description of the Prior Art:
The prior art compounds used in covering molten metals may be seen in U.S. Patents 3,516,821 o~ June 23, 1~70 to Neu, 3,607,234 of Sept. 21, 1971 to Kawawa, et al, 3,630,267 of Dec. 28, 1971 to Hlinka, et al, 4,119,468 of Oct. 10, 1978 to Wiley, 4,066,446 of Jan. 3, 1978 to Peck, and 4,261,750 of April 14, 1981 to ~oster. Similar disclosures may be seen in U.S.S.R. Pàtent 262,923 of Nov. 9, 1970 and Poland Patent No. 47350 of Augus-t 11, 1969. The materials used --in-the compounds disclosed in these patents vary :Erom the gas genera-ting granules of carbon black and chalk and a wetting agent o~ Patent 3,516,821, the Portland cement, fluorspar, Chamotte powder, soda ash and coke breeze of ---U.S. Patent 3,607,234 , the bloatèd (expanded) fire clay of Patent 4,066,446, the lron ore, iron oxide, sodium nitrate, lime, sand and ~ine~y divided aluminum of Patent 4,119,468, the vermiculite or perlite ore and a minimum of acid treated graphite o~ Patent 4,261,750 to the slag forming substances o~ the U.S.S.R. and Poland patents which are essentially 28 Portland cement, fluorite, soda and ~`eldspar.
~%~
Summary of tlle Invention . _ An expanding ladle covering compound for application to ferrous`and non-ferrous molten me-tals is principally formed from predetermined amoun-ts of burn-t lime, aluminum dross, fluorspar and acid -treated graphi-te. Aluminum, clays.
grog, lsyanite, dolomite, perlite, vermiculite, and diatomaceous earth may be used in place of the alumlnum dross. The acid treated graphite may be replaced ~y perlite ore, mica ore, sodium silicate. Baking soda and crystal ammonia flour may be incorporated in the compound in known amounts to improve the desired expansion volume.
The compound forms a virgin instant slag with predetermined absorption abilities enabling it -to retain elements coming incorporation of exothermic compounds such as disclosed in Patent 4,261,750 and Patent 3,630,267 discloses the application of a layer of molten slag of a specified thickness to the molten me-tal in the ladle.
The present invention provides a compound which in con-tact with molten metal as an insulating ladle cover, possesses unusual controllable expansion character-istics resulting in an expanded ladle covering that is unusually ef~ective in absorbing non-metallic inclusions from the metal in the ladle and particularly in i-ts ability to avoid saturation by the non-metallic inclusions as the same are moved progressi~ely upward through the expanded ladle covering compound on the surface o~ the ~7 molten me-tal.
from a molten metal bath with or wi-thout external or mechanical agi-tation and has the unique ability of an immediate absorp-tion capability with -the absorbed non-metallic inclusions progressively moved in the covering compound so as to avoid satura-tion o-f the same.
Description of the Pre~err~d Embodiment The ladle covering compound in accordance with one embodiment o-f the invention will upon being placed in a cover,ing layer on the molten metal in a ladle without delay immediately begin a controlled expansion substantially increasing the thickness of the covering layer and provide an insulating cover that will substantially maintain the temperature of the metal for a desirable time. More importantly, the expanding ladle covering compound provides an immediate absorption abili-ty with respect to the non-metallic inclusions in -the molten metal and its controlledl continuing expansion in addition to increasing its insulating factor retains its absorbing ability over a desired period of t,ime su'bstantially greater than the prior art compounds due to the ability of the ladle covering compound and its controlled continuous expansion to absorb non~metallic inclusions from the molten metal without becoming saturated in the areas thereof in contac-t with the molten metal and -those areas thereof immediately adjacent thereto.
The ladle co~ering compound continues to a~s~rb non-metallic inclusions from the metal coming in contact therewith and are retained in the compound for a sub~
28 stantially greater period of time than has heretofore , believed possible, -thus insuring against non-metallic reversion. A typical ladle covering compound ~ormed in accordance with this invention wil-l have an expansion ratio of from 15% 25% by volume. A typical example of the ladle covering compound may comprise burnt lime 58% by weight, aluminum dross 30% by weight, fluorspar 8% by weight and acid treated graphi-te 4% by weight.
The ladle covering compound o~ the foregoing example may be advantageously modified by varying the amounts of the materials comprising the composition. For example, the burnt lime may be present in amounts between 56% by weight and 60% by weight, the aluminum dross in amoun-ts between 22% by welght and 30% by weight, the fluorspar in amounts between 7% by weight and 9% by weight and the acid treated graphi-te i~ amounts between 1% and 4% by weight.
A typical batch formed in accordance with a preferred example of the invention and totaling 3,000 lbs. would therefore incorporate 1,830 lbs. of burnt lime, 930 lbs.
of alumlnum dross, 230 lbs. of fluorspar and 10 lbs. of acid treated graphite flakes, These materials are thoroughly mixed and may be used as mixed in their granular or powder form for direct application to the hot metal in a ladle.
It will occur to those skilled in the art that the amount of the ladle covering material placed on the molten metal also affects the insulation factor and the time factor of the continuously expanding action of the compound and its continuing ability to absorb non-metallic inclusions from 28 the metal.
Alternately, the above-described compound may be formed in board form by the addition of a suitable bonding material which may comprise re~in urea ~orm~ldehyde or sodium silicate or phenolic resins or other glue-like binders as known in the art.* Appropriately formed boards may be of varying thicknesses and desirable overall perimeter sizes to facilita-te handling of the same in placing them on the molten metal in the ladle. In use such boards rapidly disintegrate and form the covering layer, which is immediately capable of absorbing non-metallic inclusions from the molten metal.
Those skilled in the art will observe that the material of the ladle covering compound may be varied and one such variation advantageously improving the expansion time and volume may comprise burnt lime 58% by weight, magnesium oxide 1% by weigh-t, silica oxide 3% by weight, fluorspar 7% by weight, iron oxide 1% by weight, aluminum dross 18~o by weight and aluminum 12,~ by weight.
The modified compound may be altered as to the amounts 2a o~ the several materials o~ the composition to alter the rate a~d volume oi the expansion resulting within the ~ollowing ranges: burnt lime between about 56% and 60%
by weight, magnesium oxide between about 1% and 2% by weight, silica oxide between about 3% and 5% by weight, ~luorspar between about 7~0 and 9% by weight, iron oxide between about one-hal~ o~ one percen-t and 1,o by weight, aluminum 27 dross between about 14% and 18% by weight, and aluminum .
* For example 30% by weight.
such as perlite, acid treated graphite, vermicnlite, kalin clays and other products that expand under heat, such as baking soda, crystal ammonia and the like~ The melting points and the expansion characteristics of each of these materials is usedin selec-ting the variance in the basic composition so that the thickness o~ the covering compound, the length of the continuing expansi.on, and the continuing ability of the compound to absorb non-metallic inclusions from the metal may be controlled.
It will occur to those skilled in the art that the ladle covering compound disclosed herein may be used in any melting iurnace as an instant artificial slag acting as a metal refining agent.
It will thus be seen that the ladle covering compound disclosed herein when positioned on molten metal in a ladle forms a virgin, instant slag with precalculated absorption abilities capable of retaining non-metallic elements directed thereagainst by -the supporting molten metal with or without external or internal agitation.
~l~hough but two embodiments of -the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification, it will be apparen-t to those skilled ;in the art that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention.
_~
Background of the Invention Technical ~ield:
-This invention relates to the transfer and pouring of molten metals such as the pouring of molten iron and steel ~rom a refractory lined bottom pour transfer ladle and the practice o~ providing a ladle covering compound -from heat insulation and adsorp~ion of non-metallics from the molten metal in the ladle.
Description of the Prior Art:
The prior art compounds used in covering molten metals may be seen in U.S. Patents 3,516,821 o~ June 23, 1~70 to Neu, 3,607,234 of Sept. 21, 1971 to Kawawa, et al, 3,630,267 of Dec. 28, 1971 to Hlinka, et al, 4,119,468 of Oct. 10, 1978 to Wiley, 4,066,446 of Jan. 3, 1978 to Peck, and 4,261,750 of April 14, 1981 to ~oster. Similar disclosures may be seen in U.S.S.R. Pàtent 262,923 of Nov. 9, 1970 and Poland Patent No. 47350 of Augus-t 11, 1969. The materials used --in-the compounds disclosed in these patents vary :Erom the gas genera-ting granules of carbon black and chalk and a wetting agent o~ Patent 3,516,821, the Portland cement, fluorspar, Chamotte powder, soda ash and coke breeze of ---U.S. Patent 3,607,234 , the bloatèd (expanded) fire clay of Patent 4,066,446, the lron ore, iron oxide, sodium nitrate, lime, sand and ~ine~y divided aluminum of Patent 4,119,468, the vermiculite or perlite ore and a minimum of acid treated graphite o~ Patent 4,261,750 to the slag forming substances o~ the U.S.S.R. and Poland patents which are essentially 28 Portland cement, fluorite, soda and ~`eldspar.
~%~
Summary of tlle Invention . _ An expanding ladle covering compound for application to ferrous`and non-ferrous molten me-tals is principally formed from predetermined amoun-ts of burn-t lime, aluminum dross, fluorspar and acid -treated graphi-te. Aluminum, clays.
grog, lsyanite, dolomite, perlite, vermiculite, and diatomaceous earth may be used in place of the alumlnum dross. The acid treated graphite may be replaced ~y perlite ore, mica ore, sodium silicate. Baking soda and crystal ammonia flour may be incorporated in the compound in known amounts to improve the desired expansion volume.
The compound forms a virgin instant slag with predetermined absorption abilities enabling it -to retain elements coming incorporation of exothermic compounds such as disclosed in Patent 4,261,750 and Patent 3,630,267 discloses the application of a layer of molten slag of a specified thickness to the molten me-tal in the ladle.
The present invention provides a compound which in con-tact with molten metal as an insulating ladle cover, possesses unusual controllable expansion character-istics resulting in an expanded ladle covering that is unusually ef~ective in absorbing non-metallic inclusions from the metal in the ladle and particularly in i-ts ability to avoid saturation by the non-metallic inclusions as the same are moved progressi~ely upward through the expanded ladle covering compound on the surface o~ the ~7 molten me-tal.
from a molten metal bath with or wi-thout external or mechanical agi-tation and has the unique ability of an immediate absorp-tion capability with -the absorbed non-metallic inclusions progressively moved in the covering compound so as to avoid satura-tion o-f the same.
Description of the Pre~err~d Embodiment The ladle covering compound in accordance with one embodiment o-f the invention will upon being placed in a cover,ing layer on the molten metal in a ladle without delay immediately begin a controlled expansion substantially increasing the thickness of the covering layer and provide an insulating cover that will substantially maintain the temperature of the metal for a desirable time. More importantly, the expanding ladle covering compound provides an immediate absorption abili-ty with respect to the non-metallic inclusions in -the molten metal and its controlledl continuing expansion in addition to increasing its insulating factor retains its absorbing ability over a desired period of t,ime su'bstantially greater than the prior art compounds due to the ability of the ladle covering compound and its controlled continuous expansion to absorb non~metallic inclusions from the molten metal without becoming saturated in the areas thereof in contac-t with the molten metal and -those areas thereof immediately adjacent thereto.
The ladle co~ering compound continues to a~s~rb non-metallic inclusions from the metal coming in contact therewith and are retained in the compound for a sub~
28 stantially greater period of time than has heretofore , believed possible, -thus insuring against non-metallic reversion. A typical ladle covering compound ~ormed in accordance with this invention wil-l have an expansion ratio of from 15% 25% by volume. A typical example of the ladle covering compound may comprise burnt lime 58% by weight, aluminum dross 30% by weight, fluorspar 8% by weight and acid treated graphi-te 4% by weight.
The ladle covering compound o~ the foregoing example may be advantageously modified by varying the amounts of the materials comprising the composition. For example, the burnt lime may be present in amounts between 56% by weight and 60% by weight, the aluminum dross in amoun-ts between 22% by welght and 30% by weight, the fluorspar in amounts between 7% by weight and 9% by weight and the acid treated graphi-te i~ amounts between 1% and 4% by weight.
A typical batch formed in accordance with a preferred example of the invention and totaling 3,000 lbs. would therefore incorporate 1,830 lbs. of burnt lime, 930 lbs.
of alumlnum dross, 230 lbs. of fluorspar and 10 lbs. of acid treated graphite flakes, These materials are thoroughly mixed and may be used as mixed in their granular or powder form for direct application to the hot metal in a ladle.
It will occur to those skilled in the art that the amount of the ladle covering material placed on the molten metal also affects the insulation factor and the time factor of the continuously expanding action of the compound and its continuing ability to absorb non-metallic inclusions from 28 the metal.
Alternately, the above-described compound may be formed in board form by the addition of a suitable bonding material which may comprise re~in urea ~orm~ldehyde or sodium silicate or phenolic resins or other glue-like binders as known in the art.* Appropriately formed boards may be of varying thicknesses and desirable overall perimeter sizes to facilita-te handling of the same in placing them on the molten metal in the ladle. In use such boards rapidly disintegrate and form the covering layer, which is immediately capable of absorbing non-metallic inclusions from the molten metal.
Those skilled in the art will observe that the material of the ladle covering compound may be varied and one such variation advantageously improving the expansion time and volume may comprise burnt lime 58% by weight, magnesium oxide 1% by weigh-t, silica oxide 3% by weight, fluorspar 7% by weight, iron oxide 1% by weight, aluminum dross 18~o by weight and aluminum 12,~ by weight.
The modified compound may be altered as to the amounts 2a o~ the several materials o~ the composition to alter the rate a~d volume oi the expansion resulting within the ~ollowing ranges: burnt lime between about 56% and 60%
by weight, magnesium oxide between about 1% and 2% by weight, silica oxide between about 3% and 5% by weight, ~luorspar between about 7~0 and 9% by weight, iron oxide between about one-hal~ o~ one percen-t and 1,o by weight, aluminum 27 dross between about 14% and 18% by weight, and aluminum .
* For example 30% by weight.
such as perlite, acid treated graphite, vermicnlite, kalin clays and other products that expand under heat, such as baking soda, crystal ammonia and the like~ The melting points and the expansion characteristics of each of these materials is usedin selec-ting the variance in the basic composition so that the thickness o~ the covering compound, the length of the continuing expansi.on, and the continuing ability of the compound to absorb non-metallic inclusions from the metal may be controlled.
It will occur to those skilled in the art that the ladle covering compound disclosed herein may be used in any melting iurnace as an instant artificial slag acting as a metal refining agent.
It will thus be seen that the ladle covering compound disclosed herein when positioned on molten metal in a ladle forms a virgin, instant slag with precalculated absorption abilities capable of retaining non-metallic elements directed thereagainst by -the supporting molten metal with or without external or internal agitation.
~l~hough but two embodiments of -the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification, it will be apparen-t to those skilled ;in the art that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention.
_~
Claims (8)
1. A metallurgical ladle covering compound capable of reacting with molten metal to form a rapidly and continuously expanding cover which exhibits a controlled continuing absorption of non-metallic inclusions from said molten metal consisting essentially of 56% to 60% by weight burnt lime, 22% to 30% by weight aluminum dross, 7% to 9% by weight fluorspar and 1% to 4% by weight acid treated graphite.
2. A metallurgical ladle covering compound cable of reacting with molten metal to form a rapidly and continuously expanding cover which exhibits a controlled continuing absorp-tion of non-metallic inclusions from said molten metal consist-ing essentially of 58% by weight burnt lime, 30% by weight aluminum dross, 8% by weight fluorspar, and 4% by weight acid treated graphite.
3. A metallurgical ladle covering compound capable of reacting with molten metal to form a rapidly and continuously expanding cover which exhibits a controlled continuing absorption of non-me-allic inclusions from said metal consist-ing essentially of 56% to 60% by weight burnt lime, 1% to 2% by weight magnesium oxide, 3% to 5% by weight silica oxide, 7% to 9% by weight fluorspar, 0.5 of 1% to 1% by weight iron oxide, 14% to 18% by weight aluminum dross, and 8% to 12% by weight aluminum.
4. A metallurgical ladle covering compound capable of reacting with molten metal to form a rapidly and continuously expander cover which exhibits a controlled continuing absorption of non-metallic inclusions from said metal consisting essentially of 58% by weight burnt lime, 1% by weight magnesium oxide, 3% by weight silica oxide, 7% by weight fluorspar, 1% by weight iron oxide, 30% by weight aluminum dross containing about 80% Al2O3 .
5. The metallurgical ladle covering compound of Claim 1 further containing a binder selected from the group consisting of urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate and phenolic resin in amounts sufficient to bond said compound to form boards.
6. The metallurgical ladle covering compound of Claim 3 further containing a binder selected from the group consisting of urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate and phenolic resin in amounts sufficient to bond said compound to form boards.
7. A metallurgical ladle compound capable of reacting with molten metal to form a rapidly and continuously expanding cover which exhibits a controlled non-saturating absorption of non-metallic inclusions from said metal consisting essentially of about 58% by weight burnt lime, about 30% by weight of at least one of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, clay, grog, kyanite, dolomite, perlite, vermiculite and diatomaceous earth, about 8% by weight fluorspar and about 4% by wieght of at least one of a material selected from the group consisting of acid treated graphite and mica ore.
8. A metallurgical ladle compound capable of reacting with molten metal to form a rapidly and continuously expanding cover which exhibits a controlled non-saturating absorption of non-metallic inclusions from said metal consisting essentially of about 56% to 60% by weight burnt lime, about 22% to about 30% by weight of at least one of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, clay, grog, kyanite, dolomite, perlite, vermiculite and diatomaceous earth, about 7% to 9%
by weight fluorspar and about 1% to about 4% by weight of at least one of a material selected from the group consisting of acid treated graphite and mica ore.
by weight fluorspar and about 1% to about 4% by weight of at least one of a material selected from the group consisting of acid treated graphite and mica ore.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000453740A CA1214902A (en) | 1984-05-07 | 1984-05-07 | Ladle covering compound |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000453740A CA1214902A (en) | 1984-05-07 | 1984-05-07 | Ladle covering compound |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1214902A true CA1214902A (en) | 1986-12-09 |
Family
ID=4127815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000453740A Expired CA1214902A (en) | 1984-05-07 | 1984-05-07 | Ladle covering compound |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1214902A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-05-07 CA CA000453740A patent/CA1214902A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |