CA1214681A - Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffs - Google Patents
Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffsInfo
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- CA1214681A CA1214681A CA000457483A CA457483A CA1214681A CA 1214681 A CA1214681 A CA 1214681A CA 000457483 A CA000457483 A CA 000457483A CA 457483 A CA457483 A CA 457483A CA 1214681 A CA1214681 A CA 1214681A
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- butter
- oil
- fat
- notes
- enzyme modified
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Novel flavoring substances comprising an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material and heating the mixture to provide flavoring substances adapted to impart butter notes to foodstuffs are disclosed. The butter notes are derived from the enzyme modified milk-fat which may be selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream or any mixture or equivalents thereof.
The fatty material may be selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides.
Further, these novel flavoring substances may impart animal notes to foodstuffs when the fatty material selected is derived from animal fats such as bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or the like. In addition, optional meat flavoring agents such as sulfur-containing compounds and amino acids may be added thereto. Still further, methods of making these novel flavoring substances and foodstuffs flavored with the same are disclosed.
Novel flavoring substances comprising an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material and heating the mixture to provide flavoring substances adapted to impart butter notes to foodstuffs are disclosed. The butter notes are derived from the enzyme modified milk-fat which may be selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream or any mixture or equivalents thereof.
The fatty material may be selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides.
Further, these novel flavoring substances may impart animal notes to foodstuffs when the fatty material selected is derived from animal fats such as bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or the like. In addition, optional meat flavoring agents such as sulfur-containing compounds and amino acids may be added thereto. Still further, methods of making these novel flavoring substances and foodstuffs flavored with the same are disclosed.
Description
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Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffs The employment of flavoring substances to enhance the palatability of foodstuffs is well-known and has long been common practice in commercial, home, industrial and institutional environments. In par-ticular, flavoring substances capable of imparting to foodstuffs a savory smell, taste and mouthfeel resem-bling that of natural meats are very desirable.
Unfortunately, the application of such meat-like flavoring substances designed to impart desirable smell, taste, and mouthfeel have been limited and inhibited due to unfavorable factors such as cost, stability and convenience. For example, flavoring substances containing actual meat components may be impracticable due to cost or susceptibillty to deterioration upon storage. Moreover, utilization of sterilization or other preservation techniques may deleteriously affect the actual meat components ` ~;2146~
contained therein adversely compromising the desired natural meaty-flavor.
In the past, there have been several flavor-ing substances developed which attempt to not only reproduce natural meat flavor but to overcome the problems referred to above as well. For instance, it was common practice to employ artificial meat-like flavoring substances which have relied heavily upon a spectrum of spices or meat extracts to reproduce and impart meat-like flavors to foodstuffs. Unfortu-nately, such techniques have been less than desirable.
The spice compositions generally have failed to develop natural meaty-flavors whereas the meat extracts have encountered cost, processing, and stability disadvantages.
Heretofore, it is well known to enhance the natural meaty-flavors of foodstuffs with fatty mate-rials, carbohydrates, amino acids and other non-amino acid like substances. In particular, two such examples are described in U. S. Patents Nos. 3,493,395 and 3,532,514, which employ a mixture of an amino acid', a carbohydrate and a fatty material such as fatty acids and fatty acid triglycerides to impart meat flavor to foodstuffs. Another example, as set forth in U. S. Patent No. 3,519,437 discloses meat flavoring substances obtained from a reaction product between 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid and thiamine and optional ingredients such as a source of amino acids ~214~
derived from proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, free amino acids and the like. Still another example is described in U. S. Patent No. 3,532,515 wherein artificial meat flavoring substances are produced by reacting at elevated temperatures a ribose moiety containing substance, preferably a nucleotide, with an amino acid in the presence of water. If desired, specific aldehydes in combination with methyl sulfide may subsequently be added thereto. Still another well known technique employs deep-fat frying as a means to impart meaty-flavors to foodstuff materials fried therein. In U. S. Patent No. 4,169,901, a meaty-flavored deep-fat frying substance is disclosed which involves a mixture of a triglyceride based fat having acyl groups, a volatile artificial meat-flavor compo-nent, and a stabilizing agent to decrease devolatili-zation of the flavored base fat upon heating. There are also those methods which employ enzymes to enhance the meaty-flavor of foodstuffs. For instance, U. S.
Patent No. 4,058,631, discloses a process to improve the flavor and texture of foodstuffs whereby food-stuffs are soaked in an aqueous solution containing alpha amylase prlor to frying. In U. S. Patents Nos.
3,857,968 and ~,9G8,0'5, the palatability of animal foods is enhanced with a flavoring substance con-taining a fat and protein which has been conditioned by emulsification and treating the resultant emulsion with an enzyme composition of lipase and protease. In 6~
order to achieve the flavoring substance, however, the mixture is exposed to elevated temperatures to main-tain the necessary enzymatic reactions. Still further, it has been suggested in Crocco, S.: New Way to Modify Flavor. Food Engineering International.
1(9):9-10, 12 (September 1976) that a food flavor can be produced by the interaction of specific enzymes with specific chemical substrates. For example, enzyme modified cheese products have been employed to fortify or intensify cheddar cheese flavor in a formula. Still further, there are those methods which provide flavoriny substances which not only impart meaty-flavor to foodstuffs but mouthfeel as well. In b ~ G ~
U. S. Patents Nos. 4,076,852 and 4,08-,565, techniques to impart meaty-flavor and mouthfeel are disclosed therein which employ a mixture of egg or enzymatic digest thereof, poultry meat or other meat powders or enzymatic digests thereof, as well as sulfur compounds and other free amino acids and/or polypeptides to accomplish the above.
It is apparent from the above brief overview dire~ted to flavoring substances that there are continuing needs in commercial, home, industrial and institutional areas to provide flavoring substances which are capable of imparting to foodstuffs different flavors and mouthfeel that more closely resemble or intensify natural flavors and can be stored for an 6~3~
appreciable period of time without experiencing rancidification, contamination or deterioration.
Summary of the Invention This invention provides flavoring substances and methods of making the same which are adapted to impart to foodstuffs a more natural and intensified flavor having butter notes. Significantly, butter-like flavors having animal or meat notes and intensified mouthfeel are also achieved. The novel flavoring substances comprise an enzyme modified ~ilk-fat and a fatty material wherein each are in an amount propor-tioned to render the desired butter flavor and mouthfeel with animal or meaty notes, if desired. The enzyme modified milk~fat is in the amount of about 1~ up to about 50~ by weight of the mixture. The novel methods of making the flavoring substances enable said substances to be stored for an appreciable period of time without undergoing rancidification, contamination or deterioration. Thus, in following the teachings of this invention, flavoring substances can be prepared into ready-to-use form in advance and stored for subsequent and on demand use with foodstuffs such as fast, frozen, instant and snack foods.
It is also an important objec~ive of this invention to provide novel flavoring substances which derive their more natural butter and animal flavors and mouthfeel from an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material when derived from animal fats, respectively, and if desired other opt:ional flavor-ing agents.
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In formulating these novel flavorlng substances, an enzyme modified milk-fat is mixed with a fatty mate-rial at amicable temperatures. The enzyme modified milk-fat preferably is selected from the group consi-sting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream, or any mixtures or equivalents thereof. The fatty material preferably is selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides.
When a flavoring substance having flavor and mouthfeel that more closely resembles natural meat is desired, the preferred fatty material may be selected from the group consisting of bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or any mixtures or equivalents thereof. The optional flavoring agents which may be added to these novel flavoring substances preferably are selected from the group consisting of sulfur-containing compounds, amino acids or any mixtures thereof. Further, these novel flavoring substances according to this invention may contain preservatives if so desired.
' Another important objective of this inven-tion contemplates imparting the natural butter and if desired animal flavors and mouthfeel derived from these novel flavoring substances to foodstuffs.
Basically, to accomplish the above, these flavoring substances can be mixed, cooked, fried, or any other equivalent means in sufficient amounts with a selected 1214Sil~1 foodstuff to impart the desired intensity of flavor and mouthfeel to said foodstuff. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, a more intensified, natural butter and if desired animal flavor and mouthfeel may be imparted to foodstuffs at lower costs, increased stability and greater convenience.
These and other objectives of the present invention as well as its advantages will become further apparent from the following detailed descrip-tion, examples and accompanying claims.
Detailed Description of the Invention In a presently preferred form, the novel flavoring substances of this invention are adapted to impart butter notes to foodstuff materials. In essence, this invention is directed to the use of an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material which constitutes the integral part of a flavor system having butter flavor and mouthfeel. Further, when the fatty material is derived from animal fat, a tallow flavor and mouthfeel may be imparted to foodstuffs as well. With more particularity, the novel flavoring subseances of this invention comprise a procluct produced by a method which comprises the steps of mixing an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material and heating the mixture to provide a flavoring substance having butter notes.
In the specification, the term "butter notes" refers to those characteristics of flavors ~214~
provided in accordance with this invention which have an intensified natural mouthfeel, taste and smell of butter derived from milk-fat. Thus, the flavoring substances of this invention are adapted to confer to foodstuffs flavors, mouthfeel and smell character-istics which more closely resemble and intensify those of natural butter flavors and, if desired, such flavors having meat notes. "Notes" is a term which generally refers to the taste, smell and mouthfeel of a desired flavor. Further, reference is made through-out the specification to 'Ifatty materials" which include both solid and liquid edible fatty materials.
The novel flavoring substances of this invention comprise a fatty material selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides or equivalents thereof. In the specifi-cation, the terms "oil" and "fats" are used synono-mously. Fats, however, may include hard fats selected from animal fats and vegetable and fish oils. Pre-ferred hard fats may be selected from babassu oil, bacon grease, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, lard, palm oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, shortenings, safflower oil, suet, sunflower oil, tallow or any mixtures or equivalents thereof. It is to be under-stood, however, that the fatty material can have liquid oils intimately mixed with hard fats so long as the blend meets the overall qualifications as a fatty 8~
material that can be used to formulate the fatty material of this invention. Preferred liquid oils are corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rape seed oil, safflower oil, shortenings, soybean oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, or any mixtures or equivalents thereof and most preferably cottonseed oil and vegetable oil. Thus, the edible fats to be used in the fatty material of this invention can be selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acids glycerides or the like. In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of this invention, it is to be understood that when it is desirable to confer animal notes to foodstuff materials, the preferred fatty materials may be selected from those fats derived from animals. In particular, the animal fats may be selected from the group consisting of bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow, or any mixtures or other suitable equivalents thereof. In keeping with the invention, the fatty material may comprise blends of fats derived from animal fats and vegetable oils or the like. The exac~ nature or amount of the blend itsel is not critical as lon~ as the same is capable of imparting to foodstuffs closely resembled flavor, mouthfeel and smell of natural animal notes when desired.
The novel flavoring substances further comprises an enzyme modified milk-fat preferably in an amount of about 1~ to about 50% by weight of the flavoring substance. The term "enzyme modified milk-fat" as used herein, refers to denatured reaction products of enzymes derived from dairy fats. Such enzyme modified milk-fats generally are "cheese-like"
in nature, i.e., they characteristically have a texture similar to creamy paste or whipped butter and are very aromatic. Examples of enzyme modified milk-fats that may be employed according to the prin-ciples of this invention include lipolyzed dairy fats such as lipolyzed butter oil, lipolyzed cream or the like. Preferably, however, the enzyme modified milk-fat is selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream or any mixtures or equivalents thereof, and most preferably enzyme modified butter oil and enzyme modified cheese.
In further keeping with the invention, any dairy fat or the like that has been modified or denatured by means other than enzymes may also be employed as substitutes for or in combination with the enzyme modified milk-fat to confer the desirable buttery flavor and mouthfeel to foodstuffs.
The use of an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material in these novel flavoring substances provides several advantages. The unique combination imparts stability to the flavoring substances enabling them to be prepared in advance and stored for an appreciable period of time without undergoing significant rancidification or deterioration. It is desirable, however, to refrigerate these novel flavoring substances when not in use. Further, as cited above, by reacting an enzyme modified milk-fat with a fatty material, a unique and desirable buttery flavor and mouthfeel can be conferred to foodstuffs.
When the fatty material selected is derived from animal fats, the flavor substances will simultaneously impart to foodstuffs a buttery and animal flavor, mouthfeel and smell. For example, when the fatty material component comprises blends of animal fats or animal and vegetable fats used in frying foods, such as french fried potatoes, the use of these novel flavoring substances will confer to the fried product a unique buttery flavor and mouthfeel with an intensi-fied animal flavor and mouthfeel enhancing their overall consumer appeal. Further, if so desired, the amount of animal fat required in the present animal-vegetable blends used to fry foodstuffs can be reduced by incorporating therein, one or more of the novel flavoring substances of this invention, e.g., an enzy~e modified milk-fat with an animal fat, without sacrificing the desired animal notes conferred to the foodstuffs and thereby lowering production costs of these flavoring substances. Still further, the physical characteristics of these novel flavoring substances enable them to be conveniently incorporated with foodstuffs such as fast, frozen, instant and lZ~
snack foods to impart the desired flavor and mouthfeel. Thus, dependent upon the amount and type of fatty material selected will determine the intensity and type of notes being imparted to foodstuffs.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, optional flavoring agents and preservatives may be intimately mixed with these flavoring sub-stances. For instance, the flavoring substances may be further adapted to impart animal flavors to food-stuff material comprising a product derived from mixing the flavoring substances with a sulfur-containing compound in an amount sufficient to impart the desired intensity of the flavor and heating until a flavoring substance having the capability to impart animal flavor and butter notes is produced. By the term "sulfur-containing compound" it refers to sulfur-containing amino acids, lower alkyl mercaptans, lower alkyl sulfides, lower alkyl disulfides, amino alkane sulphonic acids or salts thereof, e.g., the sodium salt of amino ethane sulphonic acid (taurine), in-orga~ic salts thereof, hydrogen sulphide or any combination thereof. Such inorganic sulfur compounds may be designated herein as having the formula MSX, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal (e.g., sodium or potassium), an alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium or magnesium), and ~;~14~
~13-ammonium and Sx is selected from the group consisting of sulfide, polysulfide and sulfhydrate.
When hydrogen sulfide or a lower alkyl mercaptan is used, it is necessary~ to control the amount used so as to avoid over-powering the aroma of the product with the aroma of the mercaptan or the hydrogen sulfide. The lower alkyl mercaptans and sulfides preferably contain from 1 up to 6 carbon atoms. The lower alkyl disulfides preferably contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Cysteine, cystine, methionine, thiamine, taurine, or any mixtures thereof and their acid sa,lts, such as cysteine hydrochloride, are especially preferred sulfur-containing compounds.
Cysteine and cystine are sulfur-containing amino acids readily available as free amino acids or as salts, both acid and basic. Preferably, the acid salts, especially the halogen acid salts, such as the hydrochloride, are utilized. The inorganic sulfur-containing compounds mentioned above include sodium sulfhydrate and sodium sulfide. Instead of sodium compounds, corresponding compounds of potassium, calcium, and ammonium or substituted ammonium may be used. Any such compound employed, however, must be capable of mixing with the flavoring substances to give the desired specific natural meat flavor.
Other organic sulfur-containing compounds useful in the practice of this invention include methylmercaptanl ethylmercaptan and propylmercaptan, ~Z14~
dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfide and methylethyl-sulfide.
The term "sulfur-containing compounds" as used herein is intended to include thiamine or thiamine precursors or acidic or basic salts of thiamine. Such thiamine salts or precursors of thiamine or thiamine per se, however, are used prefer-ably in addition to other "sulfur-containing com-pounds" of this invention.
Similarly, the flavoring substances may be further adapted to impart animal flavor to foodstuffs comprising a product derived from further mixing said flavoring substances with an amino acid in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of flavor and heating until a flavoring substance having the capability to impart animal flavor and butter notes is produced. Preferably, the amino acids may be selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, or any mixtures ther~of and most preferably alanine. In carrying out this feature of the invention, the source for the amino acids may include proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, free amino acids, or as acids, both acid and basic or any other natural or synthetic suitable sources.
Preferable, as with cysteine, the acid salts, especi-ally the halogen acid salts, are employed. It is to 12~8:~
be understood in accordance with the embodiments of this invention, that the sulfur-containing compounds or amino acids may be intimately mixed independent of each other or in any mixtures thereof with the fla-voring substances. Still further, when the fatty material is selected from animal fats, these novel flavoring substances are capable of imparting animal flavor and animal and butter notes to foodstuffs.
Additionally in keeping with this invention, if desired, preservatives such as BHA and BHT may be incorporated into the novel flavoring substances of this invention without departing from the scope or spirit.
In another preferred embodiment, the fla-voring substances are useful as deep-fat frying compositions for imparting butter notes and when desired animal notes to foodstuffs fried therein. As described herein, the animal and butter notes are derived from the fatty materials, especially bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or any mixtures or equivalents thereof and enzy~e modified milk-fat, respectively. The novel flavoring substances of the present invention can therefore be utilized in any number of deep-fat frying operations or with any number of foodstuffs to impart to the foodstuffs deep-fried therein, butter notes or animal and butter notes for extended frying periods.
The term "deep-fat frying" refers to the cooking of i8~
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foodstuffs which are partially or completely immersed in a deep-fat frying composition flavored with the flavoring substances of the present invention. Thus, deep-fat frying operations typically practiced in the home and in commercial, industrial or institutional cooking operations are contemplated within the method of the present invention. The repeated cycles of deep-fat frying operations conventionally practiced in restaurant and fast food cooking are likewise contem-plated. Also in accordance with the invention, these flavoring substances may alternatively be mixed, cooked, or the like with foodstuffs to impart butter notes or animal and butter notes thereto.
In a further preferred embodiment, this invention contemplates flavored foodstuffs having butter notes or animal and butter notes which comprises the novel flavoring substances described herein mixed with foodstuffs in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of notes. In keeping with this invention, foodstuffs may be selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, proteins or any mixt~res thereof. For example, such oodstuffs may include bacon, bee, cheese, cheese products, corn products, dehydrated potatoes, dough, eggs, fish, ice cream, margarine, milk, milk products, mutton, pork, potatoes, potato products, poultry, veal, or vegetables. In particular these flavoring substances are advantageously combined with snack foods, such as cheese twists, corn curls, potato chips or the like, fast foods, such as french fries and instant foods, such as potato flakes to impart butter notes or animal and butter notes thereto. As previously described, the flavor substances mixed with foodstuffs may further contain optional meat flavoring compounds to intensify the meaty-flavor being conferred thereto.
Further, in accordance with this invention, foodstuffs and the flavoring substances may be contained in amounts to provide a flavored foodstuff with a desired flavor having reduced calories.
In another preferred embodiment, the novel flavoring substances of this invention may be produced by a method comprising the steps of mixing an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material and heating the mixture to provide a flavoring substance having butter notes. More particularly, the method comprises the steps of (a) mixing a mixture comprising an enzyme modified milk-fat selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream, or any mixt~res thereof in an amount of about 1~ up to about 50~ by weight of said mixture and a fatty material selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides and (b) heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of about 50 C up to about 300 C until said milk-fat is substantially mixed with said fatty material whereby a flavoring substance having the capability to impart butter notes to foodstuffs is produced. In keeping with the methods disclosed herein, the fatty material may be initially heated at a temperature of about 50 C up to about 300 C and cooled prior to mixing therewith the enzyme modified milk-fat. The objective behind initially preheating the fatty material and cooling is to minimize the amount of burning experienced by the enzyme modified milk-fats thereby improving the quality of flavor. Further, it is believed that by mixing the enzyme modified milk-fats as well as the optional flavoring compounds with the fatty materials at elevated temperatures, the solubility of the enzyme modified milk-fats and flavoring compoundings are increased resulting in better migration and dispersion throughout the fatty materials. In still keeping with the present invention, it is preferred but not necessary to filter the flavoring substances after heating. It is believed that by filtering these substances undesirable burned materials, such as carbonaceous materials, are removed enhancing the over~ll flavor and appeal o the flavoring substances.
There are additionally other adverse factors which can effect the stability of these flavoring substances, such as moisture, contributing to their rancidification, contamination and deterioration.
Thus, in keeping with this invention to provide a stable product that may be prepared in advance in 4~
ready-to-use form for subsequent and on demand use, it is desirable to further heat the mixture until it is substantially moisture free. Further, these flavoring substances may be very aromatic and highly offensive due to the presence of short chain acids consisting of about 3 carbons to about ~ carbons, such as butyric acid. Thus, to reduce or eliminate these undesirable short chain acids from the flavoring substances, the methods of this invention further contemplate subjecting these flavoring substances to an additional step of volatization or in the alternative solvent extraction, e.g., alcohol or other satisfactory solvents, or the like as suitable means to remove the short chain acids present therein.
Further in accordance with the novel methods of this invention to enhance the meaty-flavor of the substances, additional flavoring agents, such as the sulfur-containing compounds or amino acids or any mixtures thereof described previously herein, may be added and heated therewith. It is desirable to further heat these mixtures to insure proper distri-bution of the optional flavoring compounds throughout the mixtures as discussed~
The invention, its principles, and object-ives and its various embodiments and advantages will be further understood with reference to the following examples and-dotailed doEeriptions which illustrate the preparation of flavoring substances, flavored foodstuffs and their formulations.
EXAMPLES
The following flavoring substances have been prepared and were generally stable at room tempera-ture, but preferably were stored in a refrigerator when not in use to minimize rancidification, contamin-ation and deterioration.
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EXAMPLE I
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substances A or B. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavoring substances A or B were placed. The contents of the flask were refluxed for about one hour at a e~e~ e~
~Ml temperature of about 100C. Th~eforc, a substantial .. .
amount of water was distilled off through a roto vacuum evaporated at a temperature of about 50C and at a pressure of about 35 mm Hg.
EXAMPLE II
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance C. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavoring substance C were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 280F. There-after, the contents of the flask were chilled to a temperature of about 150F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAM~LE III
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substances D through N. Into individual flasks equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat, the fatty material and, if appropriate, the sulfur-containing compound and the amino acid of flavoring ~Z~IL46~
substances D through N were placed. The contents of each fask were heated to a temperature of about 280F.
Thereafter, the contents of each flask were chilled to a temperature of about 190F and the preservative was added. All of the resultant mixtures except for E
were then filtered through a cheese cloth. Flavor substance E was not filtered. Flavor substances I and J were heated to a temperature of about 280F for about 28 minutes and 32 minutes, respectively. The chilling time for both flavor substances I and J was about 18 minutes.
EXAMPLE IV
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance O. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermome-ter and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat, the fatty material, the sulfur-containing compound and the amino acid of flavor substance O were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 270F. There-after, the contents of the flask were chilled to a temperature of about 190F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE V
This example contemplates the metod used to make flavor substance P. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the fatty material of flavor substance P was placed. The fatty material in the flask was heated to a temperature 8~
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about 280F. Thereafter, the fatty material was chilled to a temperature of about 265F and the enzyme modified milk-fat was added. Subsequently, the contents of the flask were further chilled to a temperature of about 190F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE VI
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance Q. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the fatty material of flavor substance Q was placed. The fatty material in the flask was heated to a temperature of about 280F. Thereafter, the fatty material was chilled to a temperature of about 230F and the enzyme modified milk-fat, the sulfur-containing compound and the amino acid were added. Subsequently, the contents of the flask were further chilled to a temperature of about 180F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE VII
This example contemplates the method used to make'flavor substance R. Into a ~lask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance ~ were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 140C. There-after, the resultant mixture was then filtered.
:lZ~4~81 EXAMPLE VIII
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance S. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance S were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 115C. There-after, the resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE IX
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance T or U. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantel, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance T or U were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 125C.
The resultant mixture of flavor substance T was then filtered. Flavor substance U was not filtered.
EXAMPLE X
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance V. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance V were added. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 80 to 90C for about 30 minutes. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
4613~
The following flavored foodstuffs have been prepared from a foodstuff and a flavoring substance produced above.
EXAMPLE XI
This example contemplates a flavored pepper-oni foodstuff which was made from 120 gms. of ground bacon and 234 gms. of flavor substance H which was melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with optional flavoring agents.
EXAMPLE XII
This example contemplates a flavored cheese and bacon foodstuff which was made from 25 gms. of melted bacon and 25 gms. of flavor substance H which was melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with 50 gms. of cheese powder.
EXAMPLE XIII
This example contemplates a flavored cheese and pepperoni foodstuff which was made from 15 gms. of pepperoni flavor and 35 gms. of flavor substance H
which was melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with 50 gms. of cheese powder.
EXAMPLE XIV
This example contemplates a butter flavored foodstuff which was made from 65.5 gms. of flavor substance T which was melted and mixed with 5 gms. of Diacetyl and 14 gms. of coconut extract.
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EXAMPLE XV
This example contemplates a flavored italian sausage foodstuff which was made from 50 gms. of smooth fatty bacon and 250 gms. of flavor substance H which were melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with optional flavoring agents.
EXAMPLE XVI
This example contemplates flavored potato flake foodstuff which was made from 650 gms. of artificial natural potato flakes and 325 gms. of flavor substance G which were mixted together.
EXAMPLE XVII
This example contemplates flavored processed dehydrated potato foodstuff which was made from 150 gms. of potato granules, 0.3 gms. of flavor substance G, 430 gms. of water and 4.5 gms. of yeast. The resultant mixture was blended with an optional flavoring agent.
EXAMPLE XVIII
-This example contemplates flavored frozen french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a blended animal-vegetable frying fat, 0.3~ flavored substance G. The frozen potatoes were deep-fat fried ln the mixtuxe to :impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XIX
-This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising lb/~, C ~
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1000 gms. of a blended animal-vegetable frying fat, 20 gms.
of flavor substance P. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XX
This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising 1000 gms. of Wesson~ oil, i.e., vegetable oil, 10 gms. of flavor substance I. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XXI
This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising 1000 gms. of Wesson~ oil, i.e., vegetable oil, 20 gms. of flavor substance I. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XXII
This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising 1000 gms. of Wessor~ oil, i.e., vegetable oil, 20 gms. of flavor substance P. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
The present invention may, of course, be carried out in other spcific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced herein.
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Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffs The employment of flavoring substances to enhance the palatability of foodstuffs is well-known and has long been common practice in commercial, home, industrial and institutional environments. In par-ticular, flavoring substances capable of imparting to foodstuffs a savory smell, taste and mouthfeel resem-bling that of natural meats are very desirable.
Unfortunately, the application of such meat-like flavoring substances designed to impart desirable smell, taste, and mouthfeel have been limited and inhibited due to unfavorable factors such as cost, stability and convenience. For example, flavoring substances containing actual meat components may be impracticable due to cost or susceptibillty to deterioration upon storage. Moreover, utilization of sterilization or other preservation techniques may deleteriously affect the actual meat components ` ~;2146~
contained therein adversely compromising the desired natural meaty-flavor.
In the past, there have been several flavor-ing substances developed which attempt to not only reproduce natural meat flavor but to overcome the problems referred to above as well. For instance, it was common practice to employ artificial meat-like flavoring substances which have relied heavily upon a spectrum of spices or meat extracts to reproduce and impart meat-like flavors to foodstuffs. Unfortu-nately, such techniques have been less than desirable.
The spice compositions generally have failed to develop natural meaty-flavors whereas the meat extracts have encountered cost, processing, and stability disadvantages.
Heretofore, it is well known to enhance the natural meaty-flavors of foodstuffs with fatty mate-rials, carbohydrates, amino acids and other non-amino acid like substances. In particular, two such examples are described in U. S. Patents Nos. 3,493,395 and 3,532,514, which employ a mixture of an amino acid', a carbohydrate and a fatty material such as fatty acids and fatty acid triglycerides to impart meat flavor to foodstuffs. Another example, as set forth in U. S. Patent No. 3,519,437 discloses meat flavoring substances obtained from a reaction product between 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid and thiamine and optional ingredients such as a source of amino acids ~214~
derived from proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, free amino acids and the like. Still another example is described in U. S. Patent No. 3,532,515 wherein artificial meat flavoring substances are produced by reacting at elevated temperatures a ribose moiety containing substance, preferably a nucleotide, with an amino acid in the presence of water. If desired, specific aldehydes in combination with methyl sulfide may subsequently be added thereto. Still another well known technique employs deep-fat frying as a means to impart meaty-flavors to foodstuff materials fried therein. In U. S. Patent No. 4,169,901, a meaty-flavored deep-fat frying substance is disclosed which involves a mixture of a triglyceride based fat having acyl groups, a volatile artificial meat-flavor compo-nent, and a stabilizing agent to decrease devolatili-zation of the flavored base fat upon heating. There are also those methods which employ enzymes to enhance the meaty-flavor of foodstuffs. For instance, U. S.
Patent No. 4,058,631, discloses a process to improve the flavor and texture of foodstuffs whereby food-stuffs are soaked in an aqueous solution containing alpha amylase prlor to frying. In U. S. Patents Nos.
3,857,968 and ~,9G8,0'5, the palatability of animal foods is enhanced with a flavoring substance con-taining a fat and protein which has been conditioned by emulsification and treating the resultant emulsion with an enzyme composition of lipase and protease. In 6~
order to achieve the flavoring substance, however, the mixture is exposed to elevated temperatures to main-tain the necessary enzymatic reactions. Still further, it has been suggested in Crocco, S.: New Way to Modify Flavor. Food Engineering International.
1(9):9-10, 12 (September 1976) that a food flavor can be produced by the interaction of specific enzymes with specific chemical substrates. For example, enzyme modified cheese products have been employed to fortify or intensify cheddar cheese flavor in a formula. Still further, there are those methods which provide flavoriny substances which not only impart meaty-flavor to foodstuffs but mouthfeel as well. In b ~ G ~
U. S. Patents Nos. 4,076,852 and 4,08-,565, techniques to impart meaty-flavor and mouthfeel are disclosed therein which employ a mixture of egg or enzymatic digest thereof, poultry meat or other meat powders or enzymatic digests thereof, as well as sulfur compounds and other free amino acids and/or polypeptides to accomplish the above.
It is apparent from the above brief overview dire~ted to flavoring substances that there are continuing needs in commercial, home, industrial and institutional areas to provide flavoring substances which are capable of imparting to foodstuffs different flavors and mouthfeel that more closely resemble or intensify natural flavors and can be stored for an 6~3~
appreciable period of time without experiencing rancidification, contamination or deterioration.
Summary of the Invention This invention provides flavoring substances and methods of making the same which are adapted to impart to foodstuffs a more natural and intensified flavor having butter notes. Significantly, butter-like flavors having animal or meat notes and intensified mouthfeel are also achieved. The novel flavoring substances comprise an enzyme modified ~ilk-fat and a fatty material wherein each are in an amount propor-tioned to render the desired butter flavor and mouthfeel with animal or meaty notes, if desired. The enzyme modified milk~fat is in the amount of about 1~ up to about 50~ by weight of the mixture. The novel methods of making the flavoring substances enable said substances to be stored for an appreciable period of time without undergoing rancidification, contamination or deterioration. Thus, in following the teachings of this invention, flavoring substances can be prepared into ready-to-use form in advance and stored for subsequent and on demand use with foodstuffs such as fast, frozen, instant and snack foods.
It is also an important objec~ive of this invention to provide novel flavoring substances which derive their more natural butter and animal flavors and mouthfeel from an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material when derived from animal fats, respectively, and if desired other opt:ional flavor-ing agents.
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In formulating these novel flavorlng substances, an enzyme modified milk-fat is mixed with a fatty mate-rial at amicable temperatures. The enzyme modified milk-fat preferably is selected from the group consi-sting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream, or any mixtures or equivalents thereof. The fatty material preferably is selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides.
When a flavoring substance having flavor and mouthfeel that more closely resembles natural meat is desired, the preferred fatty material may be selected from the group consisting of bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or any mixtures or equivalents thereof. The optional flavoring agents which may be added to these novel flavoring substances preferably are selected from the group consisting of sulfur-containing compounds, amino acids or any mixtures thereof. Further, these novel flavoring substances according to this invention may contain preservatives if so desired.
' Another important objective of this inven-tion contemplates imparting the natural butter and if desired animal flavors and mouthfeel derived from these novel flavoring substances to foodstuffs.
Basically, to accomplish the above, these flavoring substances can be mixed, cooked, fried, or any other equivalent means in sufficient amounts with a selected 1214Sil~1 foodstuff to impart the desired intensity of flavor and mouthfeel to said foodstuff. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, a more intensified, natural butter and if desired animal flavor and mouthfeel may be imparted to foodstuffs at lower costs, increased stability and greater convenience.
These and other objectives of the present invention as well as its advantages will become further apparent from the following detailed descrip-tion, examples and accompanying claims.
Detailed Description of the Invention In a presently preferred form, the novel flavoring substances of this invention are adapted to impart butter notes to foodstuff materials. In essence, this invention is directed to the use of an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material which constitutes the integral part of a flavor system having butter flavor and mouthfeel. Further, when the fatty material is derived from animal fat, a tallow flavor and mouthfeel may be imparted to foodstuffs as well. With more particularity, the novel flavoring subseances of this invention comprise a procluct produced by a method which comprises the steps of mixing an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material and heating the mixture to provide a flavoring substance having butter notes.
In the specification, the term "butter notes" refers to those characteristics of flavors ~214~
provided in accordance with this invention which have an intensified natural mouthfeel, taste and smell of butter derived from milk-fat. Thus, the flavoring substances of this invention are adapted to confer to foodstuffs flavors, mouthfeel and smell character-istics which more closely resemble and intensify those of natural butter flavors and, if desired, such flavors having meat notes. "Notes" is a term which generally refers to the taste, smell and mouthfeel of a desired flavor. Further, reference is made through-out the specification to 'Ifatty materials" which include both solid and liquid edible fatty materials.
The novel flavoring substances of this invention comprise a fatty material selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides or equivalents thereof. In the specifi-cation, the terms "oil" and "fats" are used synono-mously. Fats, however, may include hard fats selected from animal fats and vegetable and fish oils. Pre-ferred hard fats may be selected from babassu oil, bacon grease, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, lard, palm oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, shortenings, safflower oil, suet, sunflower oil, tallow or any mixtures or equivalents thereof. It is to be under-stood, however, that the fatty material can have liquid oils intimately mixed with hard fats so long as the blend meets the overall qualifications as a fatty 8~
material that can be used to formulate the fatty material of this invention. Preferred liquid oils are corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rape seed oil, safflower oil, shortenings, soybean oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, or any mixtures or equivalents thereof and most preferably cottonseed oil and vegetable oil. Thus, the edible fats to be used in the fatty material of this invention can be selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acids glycerides or the like. In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of this invention, it is to be understood that when it is desirable to confer animal notes to foodstuff materials, the preferred fatty materials may be selected from those fats derived from animals. In particular, the animal fats may be selected from the group consisting of bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow, or any mixtures or other suitable equivalents thereof. In keeping with the invention, the fatty material may comprise blends of fats derived from animal fats and vegetable oils or the like. The exac~ nature or amount of the blend itsel is not critical as lon~ as the same is capable of imparting to foodstuffs closely resembled flavor, mouthfeel and smell of natural animal notes when desired.
The novel flavoring substances further comprises an enzyme modified milk-fat preferably in an amount of about 1~ to about 50% by weight of the flavoring substance. The term "enzyme modified milk-fat" as used herein, refers to denatured reaction products of enzymes derived from dairy fats. Such enzyme modified milk-fats generally are "cheese-like"
in nature, i.e., they characteristically have a texture similar to creamy paste or whipped butter and are very aromatic. Examples of enzyme modified milk-fats that may be employed according to the prin-ciples of this invention include lipolyzed dairy fats such as lipolyzed butter oil, lipolyzed cream or the like. Preferably, however, the enzyme modified milk-fat is selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream or any mixtures or equivalents thereof, and most preferably enzyme modified butter oil and enzyme modified cheese.
In further keeping with the invention, any dairy fat or the like that has been modified or denatured by means other than enzymes may also be employed as substitutes for or in combination with the enzyme modified milk-fat to confer the desirable buttery flavor and mouthfeel to foodstuffs.
The use of an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material in these novel flavoring substances provides several advantages. The unique combination imparts stability to the flavoring substances enabling them to be prepared in advance and stored for an appreciable period of time without undergoing significant rancidification or deterioration. It is desirable, however, to refrigerate these novel flavoring substances when not in use. Further, as cited above, by reacting an enzyme modified milk-fat with a fatty material, a unique and desirable buttery flavor and mouthfeel can be conferred to foodstuffs.
When the fatty material selected is derived from animal fats, the flavor substances will simultaneously impart to foodstuffs a buttery and animal flavor, mouthfeel and smell. For example, when the fatty material component comprises blends of animal fats or animal and vegetable fats used in frying foods, such as french fried potatoes, the use of these novel flavoring substances will confer to the fried product a unique buttery flavor and mouthfeel with an intensi-fied animal flavor and mouthfeel enhancing their overall consumer appeal. Further, if so desired, the amount of animal fat required in the present animal-vegetable blends used to fry foodstuffs can be reduced by incorporating therein, one or more of the novel flavoring substances of this invention, e.g., an enzy~e modified milk-fat with an animal fat, without sacrificing the desired animal notes conferred to the foodstuffs and thereby lowering production costs of these flavoring substances. Still further, the physical characteristics of these novel flavoring substances enable them to be conveniently incorporated with foodstuffs such as fast, frozen, instant and lZ~
snack foods to impart the desired flavor and mouthfeel. Thus, dependent upon the amount and type of fatty material selected will determine the intensity and type of notes being imparted to foodstuffs.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, optional flavoring agents and preservatives may be intimately mixed with these flavoring sub-stances. For instance, the flavoring substances may be further adapted to impart animal flavors to food-stuff material comprising a product derived from mixing the flavoring substances with a sulfur-containing compound in an amount sufficient to impart the desired intensity of the flavor and heating until a flavoring substance having the capability to impart animal flavor and butter notes is produced. By the term "sulfur-containing compound" it refers to sulfur-containing amino acids, lower alkyl mercaptans, lower alkyl sulfides, lower alkyl disulfides, amino alkane sulphonic acids or salts thereof, e.g., the sodium salt of amino ethane sulphonic acid (taurine), in-orga~ic salts thereof, hydrogen sulphide or any combination thereof. Such inorganic sulfur compounds may be designated herein as having the formula MSX, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal (e.g., sodium or potassium), an alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium or magnesium), and ~;~14~
~13-ammonium and Sx is selected from the group consisting of sulfide, polysulfide and sulfhydrate.
When hydrogen sulfide or a lower alkyl mercaptan is used, it is necessary~ to control the amount used so as to avoid over-powering the aroma of the product with the aroma of the mercaptan or the hydrogen sulfide. The lower alkyl mercaptans and sulfides preferably contain from 1 up to 6 carbon atoms. The lower alkyl disulfides preferably contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Cysteine, cystine, methionine, thiamine, taurine, or any mixtures thereof and their acid sa,lts, such as cysteine hydrochloride, are especially preferred sulfur-containing compounds.
Cysteine and cystine are sulfur-containing amino acids readily available as free amino acids or as salts, both acid and basic. Preferably, the acid salts, especially the halogen acid salts, such as the hydrochloride, are utilized. The inorganic sulfur-containing compounds mentioned above include sodium sulfhydrate and sodium sulfide. Instead of sodium compounds, corresponding compounds of potassium, calcium, and ammonium or substituted ammonium may be used. Any such compound employed, however, must be capable of mixing with the flavoring substances to give the desired specific natural meat flavor.
Other organic sulfur-containing compounds useful in the practice of this invention include methylmercaptanl ethylmercaptan and propylmercaptan, ~Z14~
dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfide and methylethyl-sulfide.
The term "sulfur-containing compounds" as used herein is intended to include thiamine or thiamine precursors or acidic or basic salts of thiamine. Such thiamine salts or precursors of thiamine or thiamine per se, however, are used prefer-ably in addition to other "sulfur-containing com-pounds" of this invention.
Similarly, the flavoring substances may be further adapted to impart animal flavor to foodstuffs comprising a product derived from further mixing said flavoring substances with an amino acid in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of flavor and heating until a flavoring substance having the capability to impart animal flavor and butter notes is produced. Preferably, the amino acids may be selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, or any mixtures ther~of and most preferably alanine. In carrying out this feature of the invention, the source for the amino acids may include proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, free amino acids, or as acids, both acid and basic or any other natural or synthetic suitable sources.
Preferable, as with cysteine, the acid salts, especi-ally the halogen acid salts, are employed. It is to 12~8:~
be understood in accordance with the embodiments of this invention, that the sulfur-containing compounds or amino acids may be intimately mixed independent of each other or in any mixtures thereof with the fla-voring substances. Still further, when the fatty material is selected from animal fats, these novel flavoring substances are capable of imparting animal flavor and animal and butter notes to foodstuffs.
Additionally in keeping with this invention, if desired, preservatives such as BHA and BHT may be incorporated into the novel flavoring substances of this invention without departing from the scope or spirit.
In another preferred embodiment, the fla-voring substances are useful as deep-fat frying compositions for imparting butter notes and when desired animal notes to foodstuffs fried therein. As described herein, the animal and butter notes are derived from the fatty materials, especially bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or any mixtures or equivalents thereof and enzy~e modified milk-fat, respectively. The novel flavoring substances of the present invention can therefore be utilized in any number of deep-fat frying operations or with any number of foodstuffs to impart to the foodstuffs deep-fried therein, butter notes or animal and butter notes for extended frying periods.
The term "deep-fat frying" refers to the cooking of i8~
-16~
foodstuffs which are partially or completely immersed in a deep-fat frying composition flavored with the flavoring substances of the present invention. Thus, deep-fat frying operations typically practiced in the home and in commercial, industrial or institutional cooking operations are contemplated within the method of the present invention. The repeated cycles of deep-fat frying operations conventionally practiced in restaurant and fast food cooking are likewise contem-plated. Also in accordance with the invention, these flavoring substances may alternatively be mixed, cooked, or the like with foodstuffs to impart butter notes or animal and butter notes thereto.
In a further preferred embodiment, this invention contemplates flavored foodstuffs having butter notes or animal and butter notes which comprises the novel flavoring substances described herein mixed with foodstuffs in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of notes. In keeping with this invention, foodstuffs may be selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, proteins or any mixt~res thereof. For example, such oodstuffs may include bacon, bee, cheese, cheese products, corn products, dehydrated potatoes, dough, eggs, fish, ice cream, margarine, milk, milk products, mutton, pork, potatoes, potato products, poultry, veal, or vegetables. In particular these flavoring substances are advantageously combined with snack foods, such as cheese twists, corn curls, potato chips or the like, fast foods, such as french fries and instant foods, such as potato flakes to impart butter notes or animal and butter notes thereto. As previously described, the flavor substances mixed with foodstuffs may further contain optional meat flavoring compounds to intensify the meaty-flavor being conferred thereto.
Further, in accordance with this invention, foodstuffs and the flavoring substances may be contained in amounts to provide a flavored foodstuff with a desired flavor having reduced calories.
In another preferred embodiment, the novel flavoring substances of this invention may be produced by a method comprising the steps of mixing an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material and heating the mixture to provide a flavoring substance having butter notes. More particularly, the method comprises the steps of (a) mixing a mixture comprising an enzyme modified milk-fat selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream, or any mixt~res thereof in an amount of about 1~ up to about 50~ by weight of said mixture and a fatty material selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides and (b) heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of about 50 C up to about 300 C until said milk-fat is substantially mixed with said fatty material whereby a flavoring substance having the capability to impart butter notes to foodstuffs is produced. In keeping with the methods disclosed herein, the fatty material may be initially heated at a temperature of about 50 C up to about 300 C and cooled prior to mixing therewith the enzyme modified milk-fat. The objective behind initially preheating the fatty material and cooling is to minimize the amount of burning experienced by the enzyme modified milk-fats thereby improving the quality of flavor. Further, it is believed that by mixing the enzyme modified milk-fats as well as the optional flavoring compounds with the fatty materials at elevated temperatures, the solubility of the enzyme modified milk-fats and flavoring compoundings are increased resulting in better migration and dispersion throughout the fatty materials. In still keeping with the present invention, it is preferred but not necessary to filter the flavoring substances after heating. It is believed that by filtering these substances undesirable burned materials, such as carbonaceous materials, are removed enhancing the over~ll flavor and appeal o the flavoring substances.
There are additionally other adverse factors which can effect the stability of these flavoring substances, such as moisture, contributing to their rancidification, contamination and deterioration.
Thus, in keeping with this invention to provide a stable product that may be prepared in advance in 4~
ready-to-use form for subsequent and on demand use, it is desirable to further heat the mixture until it is substantially moisture free. Further, these flavoring substances may be very aromatic and highly offensive due to the presence of short chain acids consisting of about 3 carbons to about ~ carbons, such as butyric acid. Thus, to reduce or eliminate these undesirable short chain acids from the flavoring substances, the methods of this invention further contemplate subjecting these flavoring substances to an additional step of volatization or in the alternative solvent extraction, e.g., alcohol or other satisfactory solvents, or the like as suitable means to remove the short chain acids present therein.
Further in accordance with the novel methods of this invention to enhance the meaty-flavor of the substances, additional flavoring agents, such as the sulfur-containing compounds or amino acids or any mixtures thereof described previously herein, may be added and heated therewith. It is desirable to further heat these mixtures to insure proper distri-bution of the optional flavoring compounds throughout the mixtures as discussed~
The invention, its principles, and object-ives and its various embodiments and advantages will be further understood with reference to the following examples and-dotailed doEeriptions which illustrate the preparation of flavoring substances, flavored foodstuffs and their formulations.
EXAMPLES
The following flavoring substances have been prepared and were generally stable at room tempera-ture, but preferably were stored in a refrigerator when not in use to minimize rancidification, contamin-ation and deterioration.
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EXAMPLE I
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substances A or B. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavoring substances A or B were placed. The contents of the flask were refluxed for about one hour at a e~e~ e~
~Ml temperature of about 100C. Th~eforc, a substantial .. .
amount of water was distilled off through a roto vacuum evaporated at a temperature of about 50C and at a pressure of about 35 mm Hg.
EXAMPLE II
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance C. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavoring substance C were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 280F. There-after, the contents of the flask were chilled to a temperature of about 150F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAM~LE III
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substances D through N. Into individual flasks equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat, the fatty material and, if appropriate, the sulfur-containing compound and the amino acid of flavoring ~Z~IL46~
substances D through N were placed. The contents of each fask were heated to a temperature of about 280F.
Thereafter, the contents of each flask were chilled to a temperature of about 190F and the preservative was added. All of the resultant mixtures except for E
were then filtered through a cheese cloth. Flavor substance E was not filtered. Flavor substances I and J were heated to a temperature of about 280F for about 28 minutes and 32 minutes, respectively. The chilling time for both flavor substances I and J was about 18 minutes.
EXAMPLE IV
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance O. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermome-ter and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat, the fatty material, the sulfur-containing compound and the amino acid of flavor substance O were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 270F. There-after, the contents of the flask were chilled to a temperature of about 190F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE V
This example contemplates the metod used to make flavor substance P. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the fatty material of flavor substance P was placed. The fatty material in the flask was heated to a temperature 8~
.
about 280F. Thereafter, the fatty material was chilled to a temperature of about 265F and the enzyme modified milk-fat was added. Subsequently, the contents of the flask were further chilled to a temperature of about 190F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE VI
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance Q. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the fatty material of flavor substance Q was placed. The fatty material in the flask was heated to a temperature of about 280F. Thereafter, the fatty material was chilled to a temperature of about 230F and the enzyme modified milk-fat, the sulfur-containing compound and the amino acid were added. Subsequently, the contents of the flask were further chilled to a temperature of about 180F and the preservative was added. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE VII
This example contemplates the method used to make'flavor substance R. Into a ~lask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance ~ were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 140C. There-after, the resultant mixture was then filtered.
:lZ~4~81 EXAMPLE VIII
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance S. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance S were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 115C. There-after, the resultant mixture was then filtered.
EXAMPLE IX
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance T or U. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantel, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance T or U were placed. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 125C.
The resultant mixture of flavor substance T was then filtered. Flavor substance U was not filtered.
EXAMPLE X
This example contemplates the method used to make flavor substance V. Into a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and heating mantle, the enzyme modified milk-fat and the fatty material of flavor substance V were added. The contents of the flask were heated to a temperature of about 80 to 90C for about 30 minutes. The resultant mixture was then filtered.
4613~
The following flavored foodstuffs have been prepared from a foodstuff and a flavoring substance produced above.
EXAMPLE XI
This example contemplates a flavored pepper-oni foodstuff which was made from 120 gms. of ground bacon and 234 gms. of flavor substance H which was melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with optional flavoring agents.
EXAMPLE XII
This example contemplates a flavored cheese and bacon foodstuff which was made from 25 gms. of melted bacon and 25 gms. of flavor substance H which was melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with 50 gms. of cheese powder.
EXAMPLE XIII
This example contemplates a flavored cheese and pepperoni foodstuff which was made from 15 gms. of pepperoni flavor and 35 gms. of flavor substance H
which was melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with 50 gms. of cheese powder.
EXAMPLE XIV
This example contemplates a butter flavored foodstuff which was made from 65.5 gms. of flavor substance T which was melted and mixed with 5 gms. of Diacetyl and 14 gms. of coconut extract.
6~3~
EXAMPLE XV
This example contemplates a flavored italian sausage foodstuff which was made from 50 gms. of smooth fatty bacon and 250 gms. of flavor substance H which were melted and mixed together. The resultant mixture was blended with optional flavoring agents.
EXAMPLE XVI
This example contemplates flavored potato flake foodstuff which was made from 650 gms. of artificial natural potato flakes and 325 gms. of flavor substance G which were mixted together.
EXAMPLE XVII
This example contemplates flavored processed dehydrated potato foodstuff which was made from 150 gms. of potato granules, 0.3 gms. of flavor substance G, 430 gms. of water and 4.5 gms. of yeast. The resultant mixture was blended with an optional flavoring agent.
EXAMPLE XVIII
-This example contemplates flavored frozen french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a blended animal-vegetable frying fat, 0.3~ flavored substance G. The frozen potatoes were deep-fat fried ln the mixtuxe to :impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XIX
-This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising lb/~, C ~
~21~6~3~
1000 gms. of a blended animal-vegetable frying fat, 20 gms.
of flavor substance P. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XX
This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising 1000 gms. of Wesson~ oil, i.e., vegetable oil, 10 gms. of flavor substance I. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XXI
This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising 1000 gms. of Wesson~ oil, i.e., vegetable oil, 20 gms. of flavor substance I. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
EXAMPLE XXII
This example contemplates flavored french fried potatoes which derived their flavor from a mixture comprising 1000 gms. of Wessor~ oil, i.e., vegetable oil, 20 gms. of flavor substance P. The potatoes were deep-fat fried in the mixture to impart to the potatoes the flavor.
The present invention may, of course, be carried out in other spcific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced herein.
lb/~
Claims (26)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of preparing a stable flavoring substance for imparting butter notes and mouthfeel to food-stuffs which comprises mixing an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material to form a mixture, the enzyme modified milk-fat being in an amount of about 1% up to about 50% by weight of the mixture, and heating the mixture to provide the stable flavoring substance.
2. A method of claim 1 further comprising removing from the mixture a substantial portion of short chain acids consisting of about 3 carbons up to about 8 carbons.
3. A method of claim 2 wherein said removal is conducted by volatilization or solvent extraction.
4. A method of claim 1 further comprising adding a desired amount of a meat flavoring substance to the mixture and heating the mixture for a sufficient period of time until a desired meat flavor is developed.
5. A method of claim 1 wherein the mixture is heated to a temperature of about 50°C up to about 300°C
during said heating.
during said heating.
6. A stable flavoring substance adapted to impart butter notes and mouthfeel to foodstuffs produced in accordance with a method of claim 1.
7. A stable flavoring substance adapted to impart butter notes and mouthfeel to foodstuffs produced in accordance with a method of claim 2.
8. A stable flavoring substance adapted to impart butter notes and mouthfeel to foodstuffs produced in accordance with a method of claim 4.
9. A stable deep-fat frying composition for imparting butter notes and mouthfeel to a foodstuff fried therein comprising a mixture of an enzyme modified milk-fat and a fatty material, the enzyme modified milk-fat being about 1% up to about 50% by weight of the mixture.
10. A stable deep-fat frying composition of claim 9 wherein the enzyme modified milk-fat is selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream or any mixtures thereof.
11. A stable deep-fat frying composition of claim 9 wherein the fatty material is selected from the group consisting of babussu oil, butter fat, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, lard, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, shortening, soybean oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, or any mixtures thereof.
12. A flavored foodstuff having butter notes and butter mouthfeel comprising a stable flavoring substance produced by a process of claim l mixed with a foodstuff in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of butter notes and butter mouthfeel.
13. A flavored foodstuff having butter notes and butter mouthfeel comprising a stable flavoring substance produced by a process of claim 2 mixed with a foodstuff in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of butter notes and butter mouthfeel.
14. A flavored foodstuff having butter notes and butter mouthfeel comprising a stable flavoring substance produced by a process of claim 4 mixed with a foodstuff in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of butter notes and butter mouthfeel.
15. A method of claim 1 further comprising heating the mixture until the mixture is substantially moisture free.
16. A stable flavoring substance adapted to impart butter notes and mouthfeel to foodstuffs produced in accordance with a method of claim 15.
17. A stable flavored foodstuff having butter notes and butter mouthfeel comprising a stable flavoring substance produced by a process of claim 15 mixed with a foodstuff in an amount effective to impart the desired intensity of butter notes and butter mouthfeel.
18. A method of claim 4 wherein the meat flavoring substance is selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a lower alkyl mercaptan, a lower alkyl sulphide, a lower alkyl disulphide, an aminoalkane sulphonic acid or salt thereof, an inorganic sulfur compound, hydrogen sulphide or any mixtures thereof.
19. A method of claim 18 wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, thiamine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or any mixtures thereof.
20. A method of claim 1 wherein the milk-fat is selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified butter, enzyme modified butter oil, enzyme modified cheese, enzyme modified cream or any mixtures thereof.
21. A deep-fat frying composition of claim 9 is further adapted to impart animal flavor to foodstuffs fried therein containing additional flavoring agents selected from the group consisting of a sulfur-flavoring compound or an amino acid or any mixtures thereof.
22. A method of claim 1 wherein the fatty material is selected from the group consisting of babussu oil, bacon grease, butter fat, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton-seed oil, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, lard, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, shortening, soybean oil, sunflower oil, suet, tallow, vegetable oil, or any mixtures thereof.
23. A deep-fat frying composition of claim 9 is further adapted to impart animal notes to foodstuffs fried therein in which the fatty material is selected from the group consisting of bacon grease, fatty-pork tissue, fatty-poultry tissue, suet, tallow or any combination thereof.
24. A flavored foodstuff material according to claim 12 wherein the foodstuff material is selected from the group consisting of a carbohydrate, a protein or any mixtures thereof.
25. A flavored foodstuff material according to claim 12 wherein the foodstuff is selected from the group consisting of bacon, beef, cheese, cheese products, corn products, dehydrated potatoes, dough, eggs, fish, ice cream, margarine, milk, milk products, mutton, port, potatoes, potato products, poultry, veal or vegetables.
26. A flavored foodstuff material according to claim 12 wherein the foodstuff and flavoring substances are contained in amounts to provide the desired flavor having reduced calories.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000457483A CA1214681A (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1984-06-26 | Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000457483A CA1214681A (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1984-06-26 | Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1214681A true CA1214681A (en) | 1986-12-02 |
Family
ID=4128177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000457483A Expired CA1214681A (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1984-06-26 | Flavoring substance having butter notes, methods of making same and foodstuffs |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1214681A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-06-26 CA CA000457483A patent/CA1214681A/en not_active Expired
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