CA1213529A - High pressure shell - Google Patents
High pressure shellInfo
- Publication number
- CA1213529A CA1213529A CA000424073A CA424073A CA1213529A CA 1213529 A CA1213529 A CA 1213529A CA 000424073 A CA000424073 A CA 000424073A CA 424073 A CA424073 A CA 424073A CA 1213529 A CA1213529 A CA 1213529A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- filament
- end plugs
- liner
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A shell is used in high pressure, fluid dynamic operations, such as reverse osmosis. The shell includes an inner liner, end plugs, and at least two systems of filaments with a first system parallel to the longitudinal axis of the liner. Means are provided for retaining said end plugs by operatively engaging the first system whereby internal longitudinal pressure forces on the plugs are substantially resisted by the first filament system which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of said liner.
Description
~2~35~9 ' HIG~ PR~SSU~E SHELL
. " . I
BACKGROUND OF THE I~VE~TION
The use-o r membranes to e~'ec- separation of ~as/gas, liquid/li~uid, and liquid/solid mixtures and solutions has ;.
achieved general industrial applicability by various methods, among them being ultrafiltration, hyperfiltration, reverse osmosis, dialysis. In general, membrane elements associate~ with these ¦iprocesses are c~ntained in vessels, comprisin~ a container having various inlet and outlét ports and an assembly of membranes ~Jithin sai~ container, the entlre assembly being-referred to as a module.
The internal configurz-ions are so arranged as to ~ermi. the intro-duction of a feed stream with or without-pressure on the upstream -face of ~he membranes, means for collecting permeate which pzsses though the membranes and emerges on their dot~7nstream faces, and means for ~.eeping feed and permeate materials rom commingling~
In the field OI reverse osmosis therefore and in other related hiyh-pressure fluid dynamic operations, there is the need for low cost, high streng-h shells capable of sustaining internal operating pressures in the range of several hundred to a thousand , or more psi. These shells are often 2", 4", 8", or even larger in diameter and may run in length from a foot or two up to twenty feet or more. In the reverse osmosis situation, they are the housing in which the membrane separatory elements are contained.
Initially, shells of the latter sort were fabricated of bulk metal. More recently these shells have been fabricate~
of fiberglass reinforced plastic, generally epoxy resin.~ For the mosL part, such shells have been fzbricated by conventional fila-ment winding, although ordinary biaxial ~raiding has ~een utilize~
for the fabrication of the fibrous reinforcement of the shëll.
A difficulty with these con~igurations has been the i~ ' ~4'~
~LZ3L35Z~ . !
, -,-, ' ; . - I
methods of end closure, seallng, and making connections~for plpe , fittings. Various configurations have been utilized involving 'grooves machined into either the internal surface or the external surface of the shell, which afford anchorage sites on the shell l for sna~ rings and the like. Alternatively, sleeves which fit snugly over the outside diameter of the shell have been bonded to ; their external surfaces with glue in the fashion of a coupling in j order to provide a means for end connection. In another alter-,native, overlap layers of fibergl2ss windings are applied near , the ends of the pressure tubes in order to make a thickness 'capable of being drilled for bolts, or, in other configurations, bolts or studs have been trapped in-o extra thick encs during ~` filament winding.
.., The pressure shell must not only absorb the internal hydraullc forces in the radial direction, but, if longitudinal ''tie rods are to be avoided, it must also accept axial stresses . ' imposed on the shell. 'In the conventional designs this lea~s to ~--, two inherent deficiencies. ~ne has to do with the fact that the filament-wound'fibers lie at a helix angle to the axial direction "20 ' of stress, and unless the helix is rather steep, an excessive '~ amount of winding is required to develop a significant axial -component capable of ,aking up the longitudinal stress in the ,shell.
~urther considerations relate to the problems of end closure andend connections. Each of the alternative metho~s for ~ j creating a closure connection referred to above in the conven-tional systems relies upon the shear strength of the e~oxy matrix , primarily if not entirely. In some instances this calls for an .! .
, . '.
. " . I
BACKGROUND OF THE I~VE~TION
The use-o r membranes to e~'ec- separation of ~as/gas, liquid/li~uid, and liquid/solid mixtures and solutions has ;.
achieved general industrial applicability by various methods, among them being ultrafiltration, hyperfiltration, reverse osmosis, dialysis. In general, membrane elements associate~ with these ¦iprocesses are c~ntained in vessels, comprisin~ a container having various inlet and outlét ports and an assembly of membranes ~Jithin sai~ container, the entlre assembly being-referred to as a module.
The internal configurz-ions are so arranged as to ~ermi. the intro-duction of a feed stream with or without-pressure on the upstream -face of ~he membranes, means for collecting permeate which pzsses though the membranes and emerges on their dot~7nstream faces, and means for ~.eeping feed and permeate materials rom commingling~
In the field OI reverse osmosis therefore and in other related hiyh-pressure fluid dynamic operations, there is the need for low cost, high streng-h shells capable of sustaining internal operating pressures in the range of several hundred to a thousand , or more psi. These shells are often 2", 4", 8", or even larger in diameter and may run in length from a foot or two up to twenty feet or more. In the reverse osmosis situation, they are the housing in which the membrane separatory elements are contained.
Initially, shells of the latter sort were fabricated of bulk metal. More recently these shells have been fabricate~
of fiberglass reinforced plastic, generally epoxy resin.~ For the mosL part, such shells have been fzbricated by conventional fila-ment winding, although ordinary biaxial ~raiding has ~een utilize~
for the fabrication of the fibrous reinforcement of the shëll.
A difficulty with these con~igurations has been the i~ ' ~4'~
~LZ3L35Z~ . !
, -,-, ' ; . - I
methods of end closure, seallng, and making connections~for plpe , fittings. Various configurations have been utilized involving 'grooves machined into either the internal surface or the external surface of the shell, which afford anchorage sites on the shell l for sna~ rings and the like. Alternatively, sleeves which fit snugly over the outside diameter of the shell have been bonded to ; their external surfaces with glue in the fashion of a coupling in j order to provide a means for end connection. In another alter-,native, overlap layers of fibergl2ss windings are applied near , the ends of the pressure tubes in order to make a thickness 'capable of being drilled for bolts, or, in other configurations, bolts or studs have been trapped in-o extra thick encs during ~` filament winding.
.., The pressure shell must not only absorb the internal hydraullc forces in the radial direction, but, if longitudinal ''tie rods are to be avoided, it must also accept axial stresses . ' imposed on the shell. 'In the conventional designs this lea~s to ~--, two inherent deficiencies. ~ne has to do with the fact that the filament-wound'fibers lie at a helix angle to the axial direction "20 ' of stress, and unless the helix is rather steep, an excessive '~ amount of winding is required to develop a significant axial -component capable of ,aking up the longitudinal stress in the ,shell.
~urther considerations relate to the problems of end closure andend connections. Each of the alternative metho~s for ~ j creating a closure connection referred to above in the conven-tional systems relies upon the shear strength of the e~oxy matrix , primarily if not entirely. In some instances this calls for an .! .
, . '.
-2-,' I
13~Z~
excessive amount of shell overhang in the case where machined grooves are used for snap rings. In other cases, serious failures have occurred when -the glue line between a bonded coupling and the shell has weakened.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
-A construction in accordance with the present invention includes a shell for use in high pressure appli-cations, including an inner liner, end plugs, and at least two systems of filaments with a first system parallel to the longitudinal axis of the liner. Means are provided for retaining said end plugs by operatively engaging the first system whereby internal longitudinal pressure forces on the plugs are substantially resisted by the first filament system which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ..
liner.
More specifically, the invention to be more fully described is a generally cylindrical pressure-resistant impervious shell comprising a polymeric ma-trix reinEorced by at least two distinguishable sys-tems of filaments, one said system having filamen-t axes lying substantially parallel -to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. At least these fila-ments follow a path which reverses direction at one or bo-th ends of -the cylinder i.n such a way as to engage a ring-link retaining member at one or each end of the cylinder. In a preferred embodirnent -the pressure shell comprlses an imper-vious polymeric inner liner over which is assembled a compo-si-te of polymeric resin reinforced by a -triaxial braid having yarns lying both in left and right hand helices and in a path parallel to -the axis of -the cylinder. The -triaxial braid is applied so -that it forms a number of layers and en-traps a ring between a pair oE braid layers at one end and between a pair of layers a-t the other, at least one layer ~Z~35~9 being common to each such pair.
In other embodiments of our invention the inner impervious liner may be eliminated and the resin comprising the composite molded with the filaments so densely as to be impervious to high pressure fluids.
In still another embodiment, the braid may be of simple double-helical s-tyle with non-braided yarns laid in to provide the longitudinal filaments parallel to the cylin-der axis. At least the laid-in axially parallel yarns make path reversals at - 3a -. . - .~- ,.
'each end of the cylinder and engage retaining rings thereby.
In still another'e~bodimen. the ~ilaments may be part of tubular woven fabric, where again one set of yarns lies , ~ p'arallel to the cylinder axis and by reversing direction at each , end eng2ges retaining rings by entrapping ~he~ be.ween layers of the tubular fabric.
The principles, of these embodiments are illustrated by 'the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWI~JGS
10 , Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section draw-ing of a prior art shell;
,Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section drzw-ins of the outer reinforcement structure of a shel~ constructed in accordance wi,h 'he subject invention;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a shell constructed in accordance with the sub~ect invention;
g. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line 4-~ in the direction of ~he,arrows in Fig. 3; and Fig. S is a segmentary view of the triaxial braiding ;~`' ,'used in the construction of the reinforcement structure of the shell shown in ~ig. 3.
DESCRIPTIO7~ OF TH~ PREFERRED_E.r~BODI~ENT:
I,, In Fig. 1 a prior art shell for use in high pressure ',fluid operations is shown in schema.ic cross-section for,m in order ~to illustrate difficulties of,end closure and end connection found to exist in the prior art. The shell of Fis. 1 includes a , cylindrical outer wall 10 which can ~e fabricated of fila~ent wound fiberglass reinforce~ ~poxy ~ateri21, end plates 12 and 14 1~13S29 maintained in position against the internal pressure'"P" by . . , snap -rings 16 2nd 18 which are set in respective cylindrical grooves 20 and 22 for~ed in the inside surface of'wall 10. "0"-rings 24 and 26 are shown as typical sealing me2ns.
Broken lines 2~ and 30 illustrate the locus of shear failure to which t~e shell is susceptible. In the absence of bulk strength in the wail, which is costly and inconvenient, some means is requlred to anchor the end plugs in the presence of longi,udinally directed pressure forces which does not rely upon ~ the shell'wall material to'resist shear.
Figure 2 illustrates ho~ the present invention solves this problem. I~hat is illustrated by this diagrammatic cross--section is the ~rganization of layers of fabric having longi-tudinal filaments making path reversals around entra~ped rings at each end. In this illustr2tion one such ring has z diameter ' larger than that OL the shell, and the other is smaller. ~he reinforcement fabric'is described consisting of triaxial braid, but it should be understood that other yarn asse~lies may be' , employed as described above,provided one system of yarns lies parallel to the cylinder axis and makes reversals arounA entrapped retaini~g rings. The triaxial braid is, however, our ~referrea embodiment since it lends itself to facile fabrication steps.
TriaY.lal braiding is knot~n and the term triaxial as used herein contemplates two sets OL yarns lying in helical paths ' in the sense of a conventional braid, with a third set of yarns l~ing entirely parallel to the lon~itudinal ~irection of the ' shell. This assemblage of three yarn systems can be achieved on an essentially conventional braider having the faculty for feeding a third set of yarns which are not caused to intertwine l i~l3529 by carriers, but rather feed continuously in the longitudinal direction. Such a configuration is illustrated in Fig. 5 wherein !
yarns indicated by the numerals 32 and 34 are the respective sets ¦of yarns referred to above as lying in helical paths and the S numeral 36 indicates the third yarn system intended to lie parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shell.
In Figs. 3 and 4 a shell constructed in accordance with '¦this invention is illustrated. The outer structure 38 (or outside l shell) is formed of plastic matrix reinforced by triaxial braiding 1 and the inner liner 40 is shown for purposes of example only.
The inner liner can be fabricated of suitable non-reactive materi-als and it is conceivable that in certain applica~ions the inner shell would not be present but rather the reinforced braiding may l be made impervious by suitable impregnation.
1 The braiding to provide the outside shell 38 may be carried out over a mandrel (not shown) having a single selected l diameter or different diameters for different regions of the tube ¦
¦ length, or alternatively it may be carried out directly onto the inner liner 40. The liner itsel~ may be uniform in inside di- I
ameter over its length or have selectively varied inside diametersl (and possibly resulting varied outside diameters) over its length,~
depending upon the specifi.c design.
The invention lends itself to making end closures by l braiding the yarn systems 32, 34 and 36 to create the outer ~ structure 38, over rings 42 and 44 as is shown schematically in Fig. 2, or by making other controlled changes in the radial di-mension at specified intervals.
In Fig. 2 an end plug 46 with O-riny 48 is shown~in position.
I
!
Il .
lZ1 35Z9 The important aspect of this invention for the fabrica- ¦
tion of end closures is the utilization of filaments lying paral- ¦
lel to the cylinder axis such as can be achieved in a triaxial braid so that the longitudinal stress in the shell is taken primarily in the longitudinally oriented yarns. Accordingly, the invention readily lends itself to the provision in such a shell of properly connected end plates or other end fixtures by clamps or inother attachment ways so that the loadings are transmitted directly to the yarns under tension without relying upon shear strength characteristics of composite epoxy or other resin. I
With the present invention, it is possible to provide shells ~ith ¦
lightly bonded braided jackets over impervious inner liners and thereby achieve systems which will be leakproof and have the neces l sary tensile requirements to take up hoop stresses, longituainal stresses, and meet end closure requirements.
13~Z~
excessive amount of shell overhang in the case where machined grooves are used for snap rings. In other cases, serious failures have occurred when -the glue line between a bonded coupling and the shell has weakened.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
-A construction in accordance with the present invention includes a shell for use in high pressure appli-cations, including an inner liner, end plugs, and at least two systems of filaments with a first system parallel to the longitudinal axis of the liner. Means are provided for retaining said end plugs by operatively engaging the first system whereby internal longitudinal pressure forces on the plugs are substantially resisted by the first filament system which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ..
liner.
More specifically, the invention to be more fully described is a generally cylindrical pressure-resistant impervious shell comprising a polymeric ma-trix reinEorced by at least two distinguishable sys-tems of filaments, one said system having filamen-t axes lying substantially parallel -to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. At least these fila-ments follow a path which reverses direction at one or bo-th ends of -the cylinder i.n such a way as to engage a ring-link retaining member at one or each end of the cylinder. In a preferred embodirnent -the pressure shell comprlses an imper-vious polymeric inner liner over which is assembled a compo-si-te of polymeric resin reinforced by a -triaxial braid having yarns lying both in left and right hand helices and in a path parallel to -the axis of -the cylinder. The -triaxial braid is applied so -that it forms a number of layers and en-traps a ring between a pair oE braid layers at one end and between a pair of layers a-t the other, at least one layer ~Z~35~9 being common to each such pair.
In other embodiments of our invention the inner impervious liner may be eliminated and the resin comprising the composite molded with the filaments so densely as to be impervious to high pressure fluids.
In still another embodiment, the braid may be of simple double-helical s-tyle with non-braided yarns laid in to provide the longitudinal filaments parallel to the cylin-der axis. At least the laid-in axially parallel yarns make path reversals at - 3a -. . - .~- ,.
'each end of the cylinder and engage retaining rings thereby.
In still another'e~bodimen. the ~ilaments may be part of tubular woven fabric, where again one set of yarns lies , ~ p'arallel to the cylinder axis and by reversing direction at each , end eng2ges retaining rings by entrapping ~he~ be.ween layers of the tubular fabric.
The principles, of these embodiments are illustrated by 'the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWI~JGS
10 , Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section draw-ing of a prior art shell;
,Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section drzw-ins of the outer reinforcement structure of a shel~ constructed in accordance wi,h 'he subject invention;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a shell constructed in accordance with the sub~ect invention;
g. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line 4-~ in the direction of ~he,arrows in Fig. 3; and Fig. S is a segmentary view of the triaxial braiding ;~`' ,'used in the construction of the reinforcement structure of the shell shown in ~ig. 3.
DESCRIPTIO7~ OF TH~ PREFERRED_E.r~BODI~ENT:
I,, In Fig. 1 a prior art shell for use in high pressure ',fluid operations is shown in schema.ic cross-section for,m in order ~to illustrate difficulties of,end closure and end connection found to exist in the prior art. The shell of Fis. 1 includes a , cylindrical outer wall 10 which can ~e fabricated of fila~ent wound fiberglass reinforce~ ~poxy ~ateri21, end plates 12 and 14 1~13S29 maintained in position against the internal pressure'"P" by . . , snap -rings 16 2nd 18 which are set in respective cylindrical grooves 20 and 22 for~ed in the inside surface of'wall 10. "0"-rings 24 and 26 are shown as typical sealing me2ns.
Broken lines 2~ and 30 illustrate the locus of shear failure to which t~e shell is susceptible. In the absence of bulk strength in the wail, which is costly and inconvenient, some means is requlred to anchor the end plugs in the presence of longi,udinally directed pressure forces which does not rely upon ~ the shell'wall material to'resist shear.
Figure 2 illustrates ho~ the present invention solves this problem. I~hat is illustrated by this diagrammatic cross--section is the ~rganization of layers of fabric having longi-tudinal filaments making path reversals around entra~ped rings at each end. In this illustr2tion one such ring has z diameter ' larger than that OL the shell, and the other is smaller. ~he reinforcement fabric'is described consisting of triaxial braid, but it should be understood that other yarn asse~lies may be' , employed as described above,provided one system of yarns lies parallel to the cylinder axis and makes reversals arounA entrapped retaini~g rings. The triaxial braid is, however, our ~referrea embodiment since it lends itself to facile fabrication steps.
TriaY.lal braiding is knot~n and the term triaxial as used herein contemplates two sets OL yarns lying in helical paths ' in the sense of a conventional braid, with a third set of yarns l~ing entirely parallel to the lon~itudinal ~irection of the ' shell. This assemblage of three yarn systems can be achieved on an essentially conventional braider having the faculty for feeding a third set of yarns which are not caused to intertwine l i~l3529 by carriers, but rather feed continuously in the longitudinal direction. Such a configuration is illustrated in Fig. 5 wherein !
yarns indicated by the numerals 32 and 34 are the respective sets ¦of yarns referred to above as lying in helical paths and the S numeral 36 indicates the third yarn system intended to lie parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shell.
In Figs. 3 and 4 a shell constructed in accordance with '¦this invention is illustrated. The outer structure 38 (or outside l shell) is formed of plastic matrix reinforced by triaxial braiding 1 and the inner liner 40 is shown for purposes of example only.
The inner liner can be fabricated of suitable non-reactive materi-als and it is conceivable that in certain applica~ions the inner shell would not be present but rather the reinforced braiding may l be made impervious by suitable impregnation.
1 The braiding to provide the outside shell 38 may be carried out over a mandrel (not shown) having a single selected l diameter or different diameters for different regions of the tube ¦
¦ length, or alternatively it may be carried out directly onto the inner liner 40. The liner itsel~ may be uniform in inside di- I
ameter over its length or have selectively varied inside diametersl (and possibly resulting varied outside diameters) over its length,~
depending upon the specifi.c design.
The invention lends itself to making end closures by l braiding the yarn systems 32, 34 and 36 to create the outer ~ structure 38, over rings 42 and 44 as is shown schematically in Fig. 2, or by making other controlled changes in the radial di-mension at specified intervals.
In Fig. 2 an end plug 46 with O-riny 48 is shown~in position.
I
!
Il .
lZ1 35Z9 The important aspect of this invention for the fabrica- ¦
tion of end closures is the utilization of filaments lying paral- ¦
lel to the cylinder axis such as can be achieved in a triaxial braid so that the longitudinal stress in the shell is taken primarily in the longitudinally oriented yarns. Accordingly, the invention readily lends itself to the provision in such a shell of properly connected end plates or other end fixtures by clamps or inother attachment ways so that the loadings are transmitted directly to the yarns under tension without relying upon shear strength characteristics of composite epoxy or other resin. I
With the present invention, it is possible to provide shells ~ith ¦
lightly bonded braided jackets over impervious inner liners and thereby achieve systems which will be leakproof and have the neces l sary tensile requirements to take up hoop stresses, longituainal stresses, and meet end closure requirements.
Claims (6)
1. A shell for use in high pressure applications including an inner liner, end plugs, and at least two systems of filaments with a first system parallel to the longitudinal axis of the liner and means for retaining said end plugs by operatively engaging said first system whereby internal longitudinal pressure forces on said plugs are substantially resisted by said first filament system which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of said liner.
2. A shell in accordance with claim 1, in which said second system comprises a first and second helical filament systems lying in helical paths on the surface of said shell.
3. A shell for use in high pressure applications including an elongated braided structure and end plugs attached thereto to define a casing, said braided structure being supplemented by another filament system extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the casing between said end plugs and means for retaining said end plugs by operatively engaging said supplemental system whereby internal forces impinging upon said end plugs are substan-tially resisted by said supplemental system.
4. A shell in accordance with claim 3, in which said braided structure is a triaxial braiding in which second and third filament systems are present and each of which is angularly disposed to said first filament system.
5. A shell in accordance with claim 1, in which the two filament systems comprise a woven fabric.
6. A shell in accordance with claim 2, wherein the filament systems provide a braid which makes reversals at each end of the cylinder and entraps rings between braid layers at the reversals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000424073A CA1213529A (en) | 1983-03-21 | 1983-03-21 | High pressure shell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000424073A CA1213529A (en) | 1983-03-21 | 1983-03-21 | High pressure shell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1213529A true CA1213529A (en) | 1986-11-04 |
Family
ID=4124836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000424073A Expired CA1213529A (en) | 1983-03-21 | 1983-03-21 | High pressure shell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1213529A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-03-21 CA CA000424073A patent/CA1213529A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4614279A (en) | Side tap opening for a filament-wound tank | |
| US6048428A (en) | Pipe construction | |
| US4358377A (en) | Shear-vectoring design for composite casing end and removable, pressure-locking closure therefor | |
| US3368708A (en) | Filament wound tank design | |
| US3604461A (en) | Composite tubing | |
| NO337109B1 (en) | Flexible tube with a permeable outer sleeve and a method for making it | |
| US4273160A (en) | High pressure hose | |
| US5233737A (en) | Filament wound threaded tube connection | |
| US3483896A (en) | Composite reinforced plastic pipe | |
| US20110174410A1 (en) | fiber-reinforced thermoplastic pipe | |
| US5660210A (en) | Layered rubber hose with reinforcing | |
| CN101415986B (en) | A flexible pipe having integrated end fittings | |
| GB1566364A (en) | Hollow fibre permeator | |
| JP5400125B2 (en) | Internal pressure vessel | |
| US4709831A (en) | Threaded end enclosure | |
| US4602480A (en) | Threaded polar openings for composite pressure vessels | |
| JP6448605B2 (en) | Pressure vessel | |
| US4732634A (en) | Method of forming threaded polar openings for composite pressure vessels | |
| EP0104958A1 (en) | High pressure shell | |
| CA1213529A (en) | High pressure shell | |
| EP0060157A2 (en) | High pressure shell | |
| EP1446603B1 (en) | A flexible pipe with a tensile reinforcement | |
| EP3590690B1 (en) | Fibre reinforced polymer tube | |
| CN214197633U (en) | High-impact-resistance reinforced fiber composite woven winding pultrusion pipe | |
| RU2285187C2 (en) | Method of manufacturing glass plastic pipeline section |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |