CA1213412A - Method of erecting arched structures - Google Patents
Method of erecting arched structuresInfo
- Publication number
- CA1213412A CA1213412A CA000462665A CA462665A CA1213412A CA 1213412 A CA1213412 A CA 1213412A CA 000462665 A CA000462665 A CA 000462665A CA 462665 A CA462665 A CA 462665A CA 1213412 A CA1213412 A CA 1213412A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- members
- strings
- line
- arched
- structural members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to a method for the on-site erection of large arched structures such as airplane hangars, fairs overhead coverings and the like. A
plurality of truss or the like structural members each having two free, aligned ends and an intermediate, raised, apex-like section, are lined-up on a flat surface. Adjacend ends of the members are pivotally connected to each other.
Adjacent pairs of the apexes are tyed to each other by a number of steel wires, of progressively increasing lengths.
The first in-line and the last-in-line members are forcibly pushed one against the other, to close the distace therebetween, and achieve the formation of the arched structure. During this operation, the shorter wires undergo an elastic and than a plastic elongation, except for the longest wires, which remain elastically taut and together serve to support the arched structure.
The invention relates to a method for the on-site erection of large arched structures such as airplane hangars, fairs overhead coverings and the like. A
plurality of truss or the like structural members each having two free, aligned ends and an intermediate, raised, apex-like section, are lined-up on a flat surface. Adjacend ends of the members are pivotally connected to each other.
Adjacent pairs of the apexes are tyed to each other by a number of steel wires, of progressively increasing lengths.
The first in-line and the last-in-line members are forcibly pushed one against the other, to close the distace therebetween, and achieve the formation of the arched structure. During this operation, the shorter wires undergo an elastic and than a plastic elongation, except for the longest wires, which remain elastically taut and together serve to support the arched structure.
Description
3~L~2 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of erecting arched structures, particularly of relatively large spans as used, ego for the storing of agricultural products, for airplane hangars, and the like The invention is particularly useful where the structure is to be used only for a limited time and then dismounted and rebuilt at - another site, as in the case of international fairs.
Conventional methods of building arched structures indispensably require the use of scaffolding or other auxiliary means, to support the yet-to-be assembled members composing the arched structure Such procedure is of course costly in terms of material ? workmanship and time BRIEF SUMMERY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore the major object of the present invention to provide a method for the above specified purpose that will overcome the disadvantages of the known constructing methods.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method by which the arched structure will be substantially self erecting According to a general aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of erecting arched structures consisting of a plurality of rigid structural members, comprising the steps of lining-up on a flat surface a series ox said structural members, each member having two free ends and an apex at a point located above a line drawn there between, pivotal connecting to each other adjacent ends of the members loosely tying to each other adjacent pairs of said apexes by a number of strings of progressively increasing lengths made of an elastically deformable material, and erecting the structure into an arched fox by forcibly closing the distance between the first- and the last-in-line members.
In practice a plurality of such members are employed and the said erection operation is maintained until the longest of each of the said strings associated loath each pair of the members become elastically taut.
. , .
. .
I
The strings are preferably made of steel, said lengths being selected in correlation with the Yield Point of the steel, and the said longest string will be of a higher strength than the other strings, and, in fact, designed in the same manner as applied to tension elements employed for holding together arched structures of the conventional type, namely satisfying the static and dynamic stresses applicable to the construction as a whole.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and further constructional details and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly understood in the light of the ensuing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig 1 is a schematic representation of a pair of stxustural members arranged according to the principles of the present invention, namely before applying the erecting force;
Fig 2 is a typical Stress vs. Strain diagram of different kinds of steel; and Fig 3 illustrates a complete arched structure erected according to the method of the present inventor DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
with reverence to Fig 1, there are shown, for sake of clarity only two structural members in the form of trusses generally denoted To and T20 The truss To is hingedly supported by a fixed support So, whereas the truss To is hingedly supported by a sliding support So. The trusses are pivot ably connected to each other at joint Jo.
The joint Jo is maintained at a certain higher level ho than the supports So and So, for a reason to be explained below.
. Apexes Al and A of the trusses To and To are connected to each other by three (in this example) strings or wires I We, and We. As noted from the drawing, the string I is substantially taut, whereas strings We and We are of greater lengths and therefore hang noose by a I
progressively increasing amount Now for better understanding the operational characteristics of the invention, it will be advisable to consult the diagram of Fig I This is a typical Stress-Strain or load versus elongation) representation of various kinds of steel As is ~ell-known in the art of the mechanical properties of metal, in accordance with Hooves' Law, at first the curves hollow a linear portion in which the deformation is directly proportional to the applied loan, where the ratio between them is defined as Young Modulus or the Modulus of Elasticity This linear portion represent the region of elastic deformation of the steel, which is then transformed (at the point called the Yield Point) into a slanting or curved potion representing the plastic deformation region where the metal looses its mechanical strength. In practice, using a sufficient safety coefficient, steels must be used well below their respective Yield Points.
Now the concept of the present lnvenion is based on ZOO the intentional overload q of all except one of the strings I, isle still at every given stage of erection, at least one of the wires will serve as a load-bearing element of the structure factually only for supporting the self-weight of top stxucture)O namely in a progressive, gradual manner depending on the number of strings employed.
Hence, referring back to Fig I it will be seen that if a force P is applied to the sliding support So, thus raising the Joint J1l the wire We is under tension or tensile force, while the other wires are in a slackened state. Further approach of the support So in the direction of the support So will cause additional elongation ox the wire Wow which will eventually bring it above the elastic deformation region and beyond the Yield Point, into its plastic Reformation state The length of the stripy We is so calculated that it will become tensioned just before the point where the string We ceases to serve as a loan bearing element of structure, namely beyond its yield region.
Further erection of the structure will eventually cause the LIZ
complete tearing of the wire We, while string We is about to undergo the same routine of deformation It will be thus readily comprehended that by proper design calculations, taking into account the characteristics of the steel of which the strings are made, the number thereof, and the amount by which one string exceeds the length of the other, this erection routine can be continued until the final span ox the structure t as denoted by L in Fig. 1, is reached whereby the string We lo ultimately assumes its structural function namely to hold the structure in its arcuate configuration as shown by broken lines in Fig. 1.
. It will be advisable therefore to make this string We of an appropriate quality (say, grade III of Fig Al and to lo satisfy other specifications normally followed for thy purpose, including the proper safety coefficient ox the.
material and other static and dynamic structural considerations.
Fig 3 illustrates the operation of the method according to the invention with a larger number of trusses To, To, To, ..., To and wires Wow We and We, in an analogous manner, which need not be further explained.
It has been thus established that the present invention provides a most efficient way for building arched I structures with practically no additional equipment or auxiliary structures as }Nina in connection with conventional methods.
Furthermore the dismounting of the structure is also extremely efficient; all that is needed is to release one 30 of the supports, say the sliding support So, from its final, fixed position (shown in broken lines in Figs. 1 and I and allow it to slide back towards its initial position, resulting in the gradual flattening of the arch.
. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many variations and modifications may be applied to the conceptual approach of the invention and to the manner it is to be put into practice. Thus, for example, other forms of structural elements - besides the truss form - or . Jo .
I I
materials other than steel, may be Swede such alterations should be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in and by the appended claims .
.... .
... .
- - - . . ., . . . . . .
The present invention relates to a method of erecting arched structures, particularly of relatively large spans as used, ego for the storing of agricultural products, for airplane hangars, and the like The invention is particularly useful where the structure is to be used only for a limited time and then dismounted and rebuilt at - another site, as in the case of international fairs.
Conventional methods of building arched structures indispensably require the use of scaffolding or other auxiliary means, to support the yet-to-be assembled members composing the arched structure Such procedure is of course costly in terms of material ? workmanship and time BRIEF SUMMERY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore the major object of the present invention to provide a method for the above specified purpose that will overcome the disadvantages of the known constructing methods.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method by which the arched structure will be substantially self erecting According to a general aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of erecting arched structures consisting of a plurality of rigid structural members, comprising the steps of lining-up on a flat surface a series ox said structural members, each member having two free ends and an apex at a point located above a line drawn there between, pivotal connecting to each other adjacent ends of the members loosely tying to each other adjacent pairs of said apexes by a number of strings of progressively increasing lengths made of an elastically deformable material, and erecting the structure into an arched fox by forcibly closing the distance between the first- and the last-in-line members.
In practice a plurality of such members are employed and the said erection operation is maintained until the longest of each of the said strings associated loath each pair of the members become elastically taut.
. , .
. .
I
The strings are preferably made of steel, said lengths being selected in correlation with the Yield Point of the steel, and the said longest string will be of a higher strength than the other strings, and, in fact, designed in the same manner as applied to tension elements employed for holding together arched structures of the conventional type, namely satisfying the static and dynamic stresses applicable to the construction as a whole.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and further constructional details and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly understood in the light of the ensuing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig 1 is a schematic representation of a pair of stxustural members arranged according to the principles of the present invention, namely before applying the erecting force;
Fig 2 is a typical Stress vs. Strain diagram of different kinds of steel; and Fig 3 illustrates a complete arched structure erected according to the method of the present inventor DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
with reverence to Fig 1, there are shown, for sake of clarity only two structural members in the form of trusses generally denoted To and T20 The truss To is hingedly supported by a fixed support So, whereas the truss To is hingedly supported by a sliding support So. The trusses are pivot ably connected to each other at joint Jo.
The joint Jo is maintained at a certain higher level ho than the supports So and So, for a reason to be explained below.
. Apexes Al and A of the trusses To and To are connected to each other by three (in this example) strings or wires I We, and We. As noted from the drawing, the string I is substantially taut, whereas strings We and We are of greater lengths and therefore hang noose by a I
progressively increasing amount Now for better understanding the operational characteristics of the invention, it will be advisable to consult the diagram of Fig I This is a typical Stress-Strain or load versus elongation) representation of various kinds of steel As is ~ell-known in the art of the mechanical properties of metal, in accordance with Hooves' Law, at first the curves hollow a linear portion in which the deformation is directly proportional to the applied loan, where the ratio between them is defined as Young Modulus or the Modulus of Elasticity This linear portion represent the region of elastic deformation of the steel, which is then transformed (at the point called the Yield Point) into a slanting or curved potion representing the plastic deformation region where the metal looses its mechanical strength. In practice, using a sufficient safety coefficient, steels must be used well below their respective Yield Points.
Now the concept of the present lnvenion is based on ZOO the intentional overload q of all except one of the strings I, isle still at every given stage of erection, at least one of the wires will serve as a load-bearing element of the structure factually only for supporting the self-weight of top stxucture)O namely in a progressive, gradual manner depending on the number of strings employed.
Hence, referring back to Fig I it will be seen that if a force P is applied to the sliding support So, thus raising the Joint J1l the wire We is under tension or tensile force, while the other wires are in a slackened state. Further approach of the support So in the direction of the support So will cause additional elongation ox the wire Wow which will eventually bring it above the elastic deformation region and beyond the Yield Point, into its plastic Reformation state The length of the stripy We is so calculated that it will become tensioned just before the point where the string We ceases to serve as a loan bearing element of structure, namely beyond its yield region.
Further erection of the structure will eventually cause the LIZ
complete tearing of the wire We, while string We is about to undergo the same routine of deformation It will be thus readily comprehended that by proper design calculations, taking into account the characteristics of the steel of which the strings are made, the number thereof, and the amount by which one string exceeds the length of the other, this erection routine can be continued until the final span ox the structure t as denoted by L in Fig. 1, is reached whereby the string We lo ultimately assumes its structural function namely to hold the structure in its arcuate configuration as shown by broken lines in Fig. 1.
. It will be advisable therefore to make this string We of an appropriate quality (say, grade III of Fig Al and to lo satisfy other specifications normally followed for thy purpose, including the proper safety coefficient ox the.
material and other static and dynamic structural considerations.
Fig 3 illustrates the operation of the method according to the invention with a larger number of trusses To, To, To, ..., To and wires Wow We and We, in an analogous manner, which need not be further explained.
It has been thus established that the present invention provides a most efficient way for building arched I structures with practically no additional equipment or auxiliary structures as }Nina in connection with conventional methods.
Furthermore the dismounting of the structure is also extremely efficient; all that is needed is to release one 30 of the supports, say the sliding support So, from its final, fixed position (shown in broken lines in Figs. 1 and I and allow it to slide back towards its initial position, resulting in the gradual flattening of the arch.
. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many variations and modifications may be applied to the conceptual approach of the invention and to the manner it is to be put into practice. Thus, for example, other forms of structural elements - besides the truss form - or . Jo .
I I
materials other than steel, may be Swede such alterations should be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in and by the appended claims .
.... .
... .
- - - . . ., . . . . . .
Claims (7)
1. method of erecting arched structures consisting of a plurality of rigid structural members, comprising the steps of:
(a) Lining-up on a flat surface a series of said structural members, each member having two free ends and an apex at a point located above a line drawn therebetween;
(b) pivotally connecting to each other adjacent ends.
of the members;
(c) loosely tying to each other adjacent pairs of said apexes by a number of strings of progressively increasing lengths, made of an elastically deformable material; and (d) erecting the structure into an arched form by forcibly closing the distance between the first- and the last-in-line members.
(a) Lining-up on a flat surface a series of said structural members, each member having two free ends and an apex at a point located above a line drawn therebetween;
(b) pivotally connecting to each other adjacent ends.
of the members;
(c) loosely tying to each other adjacent pairs of said apexes by a number of strings of progressively increasing lengths, made of an elastically deformable material; and (d) erecting the structure into an arched form by forcibly closing the distance between the first- and the last-in-line members.
2. The method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the erection is maintained until the longest of each of the said strings becomes elastically taut.
3. The method as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the strings are made of steel, said lengths being selected in correlation with the Yield Point of the steel.
4. The method as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the said longest string is of a higher strength than the other strings, designed to bear the loads acting on the structure.
5. The method as claimed in Claim 2, comprising the further steps of:
(a) Hingedly supporting the free end of the first-in-line member; and (b) Hingedly as-well-as slidingly supporting the free end of the last-in-line member, whereby the said erection is achieved by a force applied to the sliding support in the direction of the other support.
(a) Hingedly supporting the free end of the first-in-line member; and (b) Hingedly as-well-as slidingly supporting the free end of the last-in-line member, whereby the said erection is achieved by a force applied to the sliding support in the direction of the other support.
6. The method as claimed in Claim 5, comprising the further step of initially preforming the structure supported on the flat surface into an arcuate configuration.
7. The method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the structural members are truss elements.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000462665A CA1213412A (en) | 1984-09-07 | 1984-09-07 | Method of erecting arched structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000462665A CA1213412A (en) | 1984-09-07 | 1984-09-07 | Method of erecting arched structures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1213412A true CA1213412A (en) | 1986-11-04 |
Family
ID=4128666
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000462665A Expired CA1213412A (en) | 1984-09-07 | 1984-09-07 | Method of erecting arched structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1213412A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-09-07 CA CA000462665A patent/CA1213412A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |