CA1211021A - Treatment of cigarette paper - Google Patents
Treatment of cigarette paperInfo
- Publication number
- CA1211021A CA1211021A CA000455880A CA455880A CA1211021A CA 1211021 A CA1211021 A CA 1211021A CA 000455880 A CA000455880 A CA 000455880A CA 455880 A CA455880 A CA 455880A CA 1211021 A CA1211021 A CA 1211021A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cigarette
- paper
- wrapper
- porosity
- burn rate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
- A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
Abstract
TREATMENT OF CIGARETTE PAPER
Abstract of the Disclosure One version of a fire resistant cigarette comprises a charge of tobacco in a low-porosity wrapper substantially free of burn accelerator. The sidestream smoke from this cigarette can be reduced by treating the wrapper with water or ethyl alcohol. Fire resistance is further improved by depositing a linear burn rate reducing substance on the paper from the group consisting of citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, a sugar, non-fat milk and skim milk. Similar results are achieved with conventional medium to high porosity cigarette papers by treating them with a burn rate reducing substance from the same group. In the case of high porosity cigarette paper, if only a part of the surface area is treated, the porosity of the untreated areas controls tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide delivery. Still further improvements in sidestream smoke reduction and fire resistance may be achieved by the use of an additional layer of high-porosity cigarette paper in the wrapper.
Abstract of the Disclosure One version of a fire resistant cigarette comprises a charge of tobacco in a low-porosity wrapper substantially free of burn accelerator. The sidestream smoke from this cigarette can be reduced by treating the wrapper with water or ethyl alcohol. Fire resistance is further improved by depositing a linear burn rate reducing substance on the paper from the group consisting of citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, a sugar, non-fat milk and skim milk. Similar results are achieved with conventional medium to high porosity cigarette papers by treating them with a burn rate reducing substance from the same group. In the case of high porosity cigarette paper, if only a part of the surface area is treated, the porosity of the untreated areas controls tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide delivery. Still further improvements in sidestream smoke reduction and fire resistance may be achieved by the use of an additional layer of high-porosity cigarette paper in the wrapper.
Description
I AL
I, TREATMENT OF CIGARETTE PAPER
Technical Field This invention relates to the treatment of cigarette paper for fire ruttiness and for reduction of side~tream smoke, i.e. smoke emitted when the cigarette is not being puffed actively.
Background of the Invention Existing treatment of cigarette paper anger tobacco for fire reSi~t~nQe and ~ide~tream smoke reduction are subject to one or more of the following problems. In Rome kiwi, the treatment result in a dark colored ash which is unacceptable Jo many smoker.
In other case, the treatment gives the cigarette an appearance which might be considered unacceptable by Rome smokers.
One object of this invention it to provide side stream move reduction in a cigarette by a simple and inexpensive means and method Which do not adversely affect the desirability of the cigarette to the smoker.
Another beet of the invention is to provide a fire-resistant cigarette which it simple and inexpensive to manufacture, while avoiding the undesirable characteristics ox prior fire-re~iYtant cigarette Another object ox this invention is to impart both fire ruttiness and side stream smoke reduction to a cigarette by a comparatively simple and inexpensive expedient, namely the use of a cigarette paper having special filler content and porosity characteristic or .
by the treatment of cigarette paper with specially chosen chemical substance It is also an object of this invention to achieve fire resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction while maintaining a light colored cigarette ash. Still another object of the invention is to achieve fire resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction without impairing the external appearance of the cigarette Still another object it to achieve fire resistance and/o. side stream lo smoke reduction without causing excessive particulate in the mainstream smoke, and without eerily affecting the draw characteristic of the cigarette. In general, it it an object ox the invention to achieve fire resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction in a cigarette which is likely to be acceptable in all respects to most cigarette smoker. Still another object of the invention is to reduce the nicotine and tar delivery of a cigarette.
It is also an object of the invention to achieve one or more of the foregoing objects by a process which is easily and inexpensively carried out, and which doe not have the alkalinity of the silicate treatments described in my United State patent 3,030,963, 3,183,914, 3,2~0,418, 4,044,778, 4,146,040 and 4,187,862.
One preferred cigarette in accordance with the invention, for fire resistance and the reduction of side stream smoke, comprises a charge of tobacco in a wrapper of cigarette paper having a Greener porosity of about 50 en more seconds and a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter. The cigarette paper it substantially free of burn accelerator other than filler and ha a low filler content in the range of approximately 15 to 22~. Cigarette paper meeting the above requirement has been used in the pat for wrapping cigarette filter However, it apparently has not been used as a consumable wrapper for cigarette tobacco. I have wound that low-porosity cigarette paper meet all of thy above-~tated objective of the invention except for reduction of particulate in the ~idestream smoke. I have alto found that further improvements in performance of low-poro~ity, lowlier content paper can be achieved by treatment of the paper in water, ethyl alcohol, or in a solution or pension of one or more ox a wide variety ox linear burn retreading substance as will be ducked in detail below.
I have alto found that a specific class ox burn rate-reducing substance it capable of achieving all ox the above-li~ted objectives of the invention when used to treat conventional cigarette paper. This 2Q specific class of burn rate-reducing substances comprises lactic acid, citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, non-fat milk, Kim milk and sugar only part of the area of this cigarette paper it treated, wire resistance and for I ~ide~tream smoke reduction can be achieved while producing substantially let particulate matter than would be present in the mainstream smoke from a cigarette with a wrapper treated over it entire area.
Although Syria can be used a burn rate-reducers on conventional cigarette papers or fire ricketiness and ~idestream smoke reduction when used in high concentration, they tend to cause cigarette paper I
to darken when subjected to heat. However sugars in relatively high concentration are entirely acceptable for treating brown cigarette papers.
Further object and advantage of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.
Detailed Dacron For the purpose of this description and the claims, the following definitions Hall apply:
"Cigarette paper" it defined a a Tao paper made from a highly beaten Plucks pulp stock, the paper being substantially free of pin hole and substantially free of sizing.
"Linear burn rate-reducing substance" means any substance which, when applied to cigarette paper and dried, kiwi the cigarette paper to exhibit a lower static burn rate than the same paper in an untreated condition. Such qub~tanceq include citric acid magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, diammonium 20 phosphate, tri~odium phosphate, alumina gel, sodium tetraborate, ammonium hydroxide, nickel acetate, potato March sugar, aluminum Stewart, manganese sulfate ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfa mate, aluminum sulfate, acetic acid, lactic acid, and non-fat milk. Many other 25 substances including sugars such a dextrose, maltose, sucrose, etc. alto qualify a linear burn rate-reducing qub~tance~. Burn rate-reducing substances have varying characteristics. All are applicable to low-p~rosity, low filler content cigarette paper. However, only a 3Q limited group ox burn rate reducer it applicable to conventional cigarette paper. The substances in this I `
I
limited group which I have found produce good results are citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acrid, non-fat milks, Kim milk, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, fructose and lactose.
"Filler" means calcium carbonate (Cook) or any other substances used in the cigarette industry for toe purpose of accelerating burning of paper. McCoy and Moo are example of other fillers which have been used.
"Greener porosity" is a measure of cigarette paper porosity used throughout the cigarette industry.
It refer to the time in second required for a specified volume of air to pass through a specified area of paper under a spud pressure. The higher the Greener number, the lower the porosity of the paper.
"Side stream smoke' is smoke emitted by a cigarette between puffs. this smoke doe not pass through the tobacco rod or through the filter, and it considered particularly obnoxious by nonsmokers In testing for 9idestream smoke, the cigarette it lit, puffed, held for one minute without puffing, and then puffed again. It is then placed under an inverted wide mouth glass jar three inches in diameter and seven inches tall. Side~tream smoke it evaluated by visually observing the quantity ox smoke in the jar.
"Tar" refer to the liquid product of tobacco combustion, and is evaluated by observing the staining of the mouth end of a cigarette filter.
"Drying" refer to the removal of moisture or liquid substances by the application of heat, by the application of moving air, by simply permitting evaporation to take place under ambient conditions, or :
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by any other suitable mean However, "drying" does not imply the removal of all moisture. Rather, in the context ox the following description, drying" refer to the removal ox moisture after treatment of cigarette paper to an extent such that the cigarette paper ha substantially the tame moisture content that it had prior to treatment.
The "fire resistance text" referred to herein it a text described in the United States Federal Trade lo Commission Standard or the Flammability of Mutters and Mattress Pad OFF 4-72), (16 CUR 1632). The Federal Trade Commissions test is intended for testing mattresses using conventional cigarettes. However, the test is equally applicable to the testing of cigarettes using standard mattresses, and a ten on a standard metric was used to determine the fire resistance ox i the cigarette described in the examples herein. For the Tut used to determine fire ruttiness of cigarettes made in accordance with the invention the ` 20 mattress material used is a cotton ticking covering a cotton batting. The lit cigarette, after at least 30 second of free burn time in air, is placed horizontally over the metric ticking, with uniform contact of the cigarette paper with the ticking. The cigarette is permitted to burn until it ~elf-extingui~hes before full consumption, in which cave it is refit and retested It May burn its full length and then elf extinguish The cigarette it observed to determine whether or not it causes smoldering or ignition of the text mattress.
The tests used to determine Pine resistance and other paramsterq reported in the example heroin were carried out on cigarettes made by factory-type .
I
machines or on cigarettes made by hand using careful oontrolq to injure a uniform tobacco packing density ,' similar to that of a factory-made cigarette.
Certain criteria pertaining to burning , 5 characteristic must be met by a cigarette in accordance with the invention. The cigarette mutt burn or at least one minute between puffs. The linear burn rate must be between about 1 and 6 minute Further, in the case of a cigarette in accordance with the invention having a treated conventional wrapper, the linear burn rate must be substantially slower than the burn rate of - a corresponding cigarette which has an untreated wrapper but which is otherwise identical to the cigarette having - the treated wrapper. For example if an untreated cigarette ho a burn rate of 5 mm/mlnute, a corresponding cigarette with a water-treated wrapper should be treated sufficiently to have a burn rate substantially lets than 5 Monet erg, 4 mm/minute.
Although treated cigarette will generally ~,20 exhibit si~estream smoke reduction at a burn rate of mm/minute or less, and some of the same cigarettes will alto exhibit fire resistance at a burn rate anywhere in the range of 1 to 6 mm/mirlutes, other cigarettes must be treated sufficiently to have a burn fate a low a 3.5 mm/minute in order to nave satisfactory fire resistance.
` An important phase of thi3,invention pertain -to the use of a lo porosity cigarette wrapper hiving a ,, relatively low filler content.
Whereas the wrappers of conventional cigarettes have a Greener porosity in the range of about 10 to 40 second, and a filler content (usually calcium :' .. . .
: .
carbonate, magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide) in the range of approximately 22 to 35~, one ox the preferred cigarettes in accordance with this phase of the invention us a wrapper having a Greener porosity of about 50 or more second , and a filler content in the range ox approximately 15 to 22%. The weight of the ; cigarette paper should be between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter as in the case of conventional cigarette paper. A typical paper having these lo characteristic is the so-called "plug Ripley, which is used as a wrapper for cigarette filters, but has not been used a a wrapper for tobacco A cigarette having a wrapper keynoting ox ugh paper exhibits excellent fire ruttiness. When lo dropped on a test mattress, it may cause some charring, but doe not tart a smolder or fire, and eventually extinguishes itself.
In all of the examples herein, except as otherwise indicated, the cigarette tested was a "Wlnston-Lights" king size cigarette having an average -I circumference ox approximately 25 mm.
In the following examples of cigarette using low-porosity paper, the tested cigarettes were made from Conventional cigarettes by removing the tobacco and wrapper from the filter plug, wrapping the low-poro~ity paper around the filter to form a tube, sealing the tube edges together, and carefully repacking the tame tobacco in the tube to insure uniform tobacco density sl~ilar to that of the original cigarette. Where the paper way chemically treated, it way treated before replacement of the tobacco.
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I -The hollowing four example pertain to Winston Light king size cigarette comprising tobacco wrapped in low-porosity, low-filler content cigarette paper. In each example the weight given refer to the weight of the paper, including the calcium carbonate filler, in gram per square meter. The porosity it the Greener porosity in second.
Weight = 27 g./m2 lOCaC03 = 18.5~
Porosity = 50 sec.
Weight = 35 g./m2 Cook = 20.0%
purity 50 sect .
Weight = 24 g~/m2 Cook = 20~
Porosity = 50 sec.
` Weight = 24 g./m2 Cook = 22%
Porosity _ 50 sec.
Cigarette made in accordance with all of the foregoing example exhibit substantially improved fire resistance when subjected to the fire resistance test d~3cribed above. However, these cigarettes do not exhibit a substantial reduction in side stream smoke The lower ' ' - , :
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_10-calcium carbonate content in EXAMPLE 1 resulted in a little less charring of the test fabric than EXAMPLES 2, 3 and I I have found that the weight of the paper has Utile effect on its performance. when the calcium carbonate content of the paper is below approximately 15~, the cigarette doe not burn for one minute, a minimum of one minute of burning under static condition being an essential criterion for a satisfactory cigarette. If the calcium carbonate content lo substantially exceeds 22~ in this low-poro~ity paper, the fire resistance of the paper is impaired.
Cigarettes in accordance with EXAMPLES 1 through 4 inclusive are simple to manufacture by conventional cigarette-making machinery inasmuch a the only difference between these new cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is in the nature of the paper used to wrap the tobacco.
A cigarette using a low-porosity wrapper with : a low filler content has the further advantage that it I burns more slowly than a conventional cigarette, and therefore consumes less tobacco in a given number of puffs. It is not known whether or not any health benefits result directly from the reduced rate of consumption of tobacco. However, the reduction in ~25 tobacco consumption makes it possible to use less tobacco in a cigarette of a given length, and to provide a longer and more effective filter.
While the use of low-porosity paper with a low Miller content improves fire resistance, it has '30 comparatively little effect on side~tream smoke Jo production. However in accordance with the invention, Jo it is a simple matter to reduce side stream smoke to very '``' ' ' I'',' I'' pa Lowe Jo, .
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low levels by treating paper having low porosity and low ` filler content with water or ethyl alcohol, and thereafter drying the paper. A cigarette Jo treated meets the Nasser burning criteria in that it burn for at least one minute without puffing, and ha a - linear burn rate in the range of about 1-6 mm. per Nat .
Treatment of cigarette paper with water or ethyl alcohol it carried out simply by running the cigarette paper over and under roller into a water or alcohol bath, and from there to a dryer which eliminate excess moisture or liquid content bringing the moisture `` content ox the cigarette paper back to it approximate original level.
The following two examples pertain to the treatment of low-porosity cigarette paper with water or ethyl alcohol Weight = 27 g.~m2 " I Cook = 18.5~
Porosity _ 50 sec.
Treatment _ soak paper with water and allow to dry before wrapping tobacco.
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` EXAMPLE 6 ` 25 White - 27 g./m2 ` Cook = 18.5~
Porosity _ 50 eke.
Treatment _ soak paper in 95% ethyl alcohol and allow to dry before wrapping tobacco.
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Jo I.' .
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7:' " ' ' Lo .
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', in both ox Thea examples, performance way similar to .: EXAMPLE 1 except that side~itream smoke was substantially , -reduced.
Depositing a linear burn rate reducing substance in or on the paper further improves lyre rustiness and, in Qume cases, also produce a further - reduction in ~ideqtream smoke. Deposition of the linear burn rate reducing substance can be carried out most conveniently using a method similar to EXAMPLE 5, by lo dissolving or suspending the substance in the water in which the cigarette paper is soaked. A wide variety of Jo substances can be used to reduce the linear burn rate ox low-porosity cigarette paper Expel of suitable treatments include the following. In each kiwi, the . lo weight of the cigarette paper was 27 g./m2, it Cook content wag 18.5~9 and it porosity way 50 second. The paper was soaked in an aqueous solution ox the linear burn rate-reducing ~ub~tance, and allowed to dry before wrapping the tobacco.
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20 ' : Burn Rate Reducing Approximate Example Substance ConcentrationRan~e . .
7 lactic acid I 30 ô citric acid 1% US - 10 : 25 ' 9 magnesium citrate I 1% - 10 Mg3(C6H507)2 .. ` 10 magn~qium acetate I 1% - 5 11 tartaric acid I I - 27 '12 acetic acid I I - 20 i I', ............... .
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In each of EXAMPLES 7-12 the effect of the linear burn rate-reducing substance way to reduce the charring of the material used in the fire resistance text. The low end of the range of concentrations it the approximate point at which a noticeable reduction in charring occur.
Increasing the concentration to a level above the minimum effective level produces little improvement and therefore there it no reason to use higher concentrations of burn rate reducing substances, except lo in the Coffey magnesium acetate, where raising the - concentration to I results in a noticeable further reduction in ~ide~tream smoke. Increasing the concentration of any of these burn rate-reducing substance to levels significantly higher than the upper ends of the given ranges may have a detrimental effect on the appearance and texture of the cigarette paper.
There are many other linear burn raze reducing substances which can be applied to low-porosity cigarette paper from an aqueous solution. These include, or example, trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric aoidg sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, borax, boric acid, ammonium hydroxide, nickel acetate, sodium silicate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfa mate end sodium d~chro~nate. These substances should be applied in low concentration, i.e. of the order of Al a higher concentrations tend to produce a darkening Of the cigarette ash. (The substance ox EXAMPLES 7-12 have little if any effect on ash coloration regardless of ~30 concentration.) ' ~14-., , - - Any ox the burn rate-reducing substances can be applied in very low concentration by multiple treatment steps. That is the paper is soaked in a solution containing a low concentration of a burn rate reducing substance, alloyed to dry, then soaked again in the tame or another solution of a burn rate-reducing ~ub~tance, and again allowed to dry.
Non-fat milk is also effective as a linear burn rate reducer or reducing charring of the material used in the fire resistance test. Non-fat milk can be conveniently applied as a suspension of non-fat dry milk in water. A typical analysis of non-fat dry milk (Carnation brand) it a follows:
Water 3.16~
Protein 36.16%
Lipids 0 77 Carbohydrate 51,98 Ash 7.93 , An example of treatment of low-poro~ity erupt paper 20 with non-fat milk it as follows:
Jo .
Cigarette paper with a Greener `` porosity of 50 seconds, a weight of 27 g./m2 and a Cook content of 18.5~ wag treated on one wide in a quspenqion consisting of about US
- my weight of non-fat dry milk in water, and allowed to dry.- Thy treatment leaves a glaze on the ' ` ` :
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treated side of the paper. In the fire re~l3tance test, the cigarette using the treated paper produced noticeably lest charring and no smoldering of the test material than did a similar cigarette using untreated paper.
; The concentration of non-fat dry milk can range from about 1% to about 20~, although higher lo concentration within this range are not neceq~ary. If a glazed appearance it not desired on the outside ox the cigarette wrapper, the milk suspension can be applied to the side of the wrapper which ultimately foe toward the tobacco. Alternatively, both tides of the paper can be treated. Instead of Nanette dry milk, skim milk diluted with water can be used with equivalent effect.
Various insoluble linear burn rate reducing ~ub~tance~ other than milk can be applied in a suspension. Example of such substance are alumina eye, potato starch and aluminum turret A typical aqueous ~u~pen~ion of one ox these ~ub~tanceq contain bout I by weight of the qub~tance. When applied to lo porosity clarity paper, these 3~b~tance~ provide improved resistance to charring and smoldering a well 25 a some ~ide~tream smoke reduction.
` While cigarette with low-poro~ity paper do not tend to reduce the quantity of tar, hi can be corrected by providing venting holes surrounding the jilter in the conventional manner. Venting hole do not affect the fire ricketiness or ~ide~tr~am smoke production of the cigarette.
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- Low-porosity wrappers have a relatively small effect on the draw characteristics of a cigarette, making it only slightly more difficult to draw a satisfactory amount of smoke into the mouth thin in the case of an ordinary cigarette. The draw characteristics of all cigarettes in accordance with this invention, whether they be low tar, very low tar or high tar cigarette, is acceptable and comparable to that of conventional cigarettes. In no event it the draw of a lo modified cigarette 30 difficult as to be seriously objectionable to ordinary smokers of that particular cigarette in it unmodified condition.
The same linear burn rate reducer used with Low-porosity cigarette paper in EXAMPLES 7~129 produce fire resistance and side stream smoke reduction when applied to the higher porosity papers used in ordinary clarets.
In the hollowing examples of cigarette using treated high porosity papers, certain ones of the tested cigarettes were treated by applying the treating substance directly to the wrapper of a factory-made cigarette without removing the wrapper or the tobacco.
therm were made by removing the tobacco from the wrapper, treating the wrapper, and then replacing the tobacco. The examples in which the latter method was used are designated by numbers followed by letter, (erg. AYE). The latter procedure immolate the royalty achieved by treating cigarette paper and thereafter forming it into a cigarette, a would be done in manufacture. In general, with the latter procedure, smaller quantities of burn rate reducer are necessary.
, In the examples which follow, unless otherwise posed, the paper was treated while surrounding a charge of tobacco.
In each of the following examples the cigarette paper had a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g./m2, and a Cook content ox 25%. The paper was soaked in the indicated treating solution and allowed to dry.
urn Rate Fire lo Reducing Concern- Side stream Resistance Example Substance traction Reduction Text Problem lactic it acid 28~ no no it " 29~ yes no lo I " 30~ yes ye 17 if 33~ glazes paper AYE " 9.9~ no no -I
17B " 13.0~ yes yes citric 18 acid12.2g no no --- -19 ll13.3% yes no ~~~~~
ll23.5~ yes yes ~~~~~
21 '~28.1~ unsati3~actory appearance AYE " 9.1~ no no --- -21B " 10.2~ yes yes -----Manges I'm Citrate . 22 (Mg3~C6H507)2 4~9~ no no ----_ 23 " 5.2~ yes no -----.
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24 "10 . 56~ yes yes 1 3q I __ darken paper AYE " 4. I no no -----25B " 4. I no ye -- --
I, TREATMENT OF CIGARETTE PAPER
Technical Field This invention relates to the treatment of cigarette paper for fire ruttiness and for reduction of side~tream smoke, i.e. smoke emitted when the cigarette is not being puffed actively.
Background of the Invention Existing treatment of cigarette paper anger tobacco for fire reSi~t~nQe and ~ide~tream smoke reduction are subject to one or more of the following problems. In Rome kiwi, the treatment result in a dark colored ash which is unacceptable Jo many smoker.
In other case, the treatment gives the cigarette an appearance which might be considered unacceptable by Rome smokers.
One object of this invention it to provide side stream move reduction in a cigarette by a simple and inexpensive means and method Which do not adversely affect the desirability of the cigarette to the smoker.
Another beet of the invention is to provide a fire-resistant cigarette which it simple and inexpensive to manufacture, while avoiding the undesirable characteristics ox prior fire-re~iYtant cigarette Another object ox this invention is to impart both fire ruttiness and side stream smoke reduction to a cigarette by a comparatively simple and inexpensive expedient, namely the use of a cigarette paper having special filler content and porosity characteristic or .
by the treatment of cigarette paper with specially chosen chemical substance It is also an object of this invention to achieve fire resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction while maintaining a light colored cigarette ash. Still another object of the invention is to achieve fire resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction without impairing the external appearance of the cigarette Still another object it to achieve fire resistance and/o. side stream lo smoke reduction without causing excessive particulate in the mainstream smoke, and without eerily affecting the draw characteristic of the cigarette. In general, it it an object ox the invention to achieve fire resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction in a cigarette which is likely to be acceptable in all respects to most cigarette smoker. Still another object of the invention is to reduce the nicotine and tar delivery of a cigarette.
It is also an object of the invention to achieve one or more of the foregoing objects by a process which is easily and inexpensively carried out, and which doe not have the alkalinity of the silicate treatments described in my United State patent 3,030,963, 3,183,914, 3,2~0,418, 4,044,778, 4,146,040 and 4,187,862.
One preferred cigarette in accordance with the invention, for fire resistance and the reduction of side stream smoke, comprises a charge of tobacco in a wrapper of cigarette paper having a Greener porosity of about 50 en more seconds and a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter. The cigarette paper it substantially free of burn accelerator other than filler and ha a low filler content in the range of approximately 15 to 22~. Cigarette paper meeting the above requirement has been used in the pat for wrapping cigarette filter However, it apparently has not been used as a consumable wrapper for cigarette tobacco. I have wound that low-porosity cigarette paper meet all of thy above-~tated objective of the invention except for reduction of particulate in the ~idestream smoke. I have alto found that further improvements in performance of low-poro~ity, lowlier content paper can be achieved by treatment of the paper in water, ethyl alcohol, or in a solution or pension of one or more ox a wide variety ox linear burn retreading substance as will be ducked in detail below.
I have alto found that a specific class ox burn rate-reducing substance it capable of achieving all ox the above-li~ted objectives of the invention when used to treat conventional cigarette paper. This 2Q specific class of burn rate-reducing substances comprises lactic acid, citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, non-fat milk, Kim milk and sugar only part of the area of this cigarette paper it treated, wire resistance and for I ~ide~tream smoke reduction can be achieved while producing substantially let particulate matter than would be present in the mainstream smoke from a cigarette with a wrapper treated over it entire area.
Although Syria can be used a burn rate-reducers on conventional cigarette papers or fire ricketiness and ~idestream smoke reduction when used in high concentration, they tend to cause cigarette paper I
to darken when subjected to heat. However sugars in relatively high concentration are entirely acceptable for treating brown cigarette papers.
Further object and advantage of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.
Detailed Dacron For the purpose of this description and the claims, the following definitions Hall apply:
"Cigarette paper" it defined a a Tao paper made from a highly beaten Plucks pulp stock, the paper being substantially free of pin hole and substantially free of sizing.
"Linear burn rate-reducing substance" means any substance which, when applied to cigarette paper and dried, kiwi the cigarette paper to exhibit a lower static burn rate than the same paper in an untreated condition. Such qub~tanceq include citric acid magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, diammonium 20 phosphate, tri~odium phosphate, alumina gel, sodium tetraborate, ammonium hydroxide, nickel acetate, potato March sugar, aluminum Stewart, manganese sulfate ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfa mate, aluminum sulfate, acetic acid, lactic acid, and non-fat milk. Many other 25 substances including sugars such a dextrose, maltose, sucrose, etc. alto qualify a linear burn rate-reducing qub~tance~. Burn rate-reducing substances have varying characteristics. All are applicable to low-p~rosity, low filler content cigarette paper. However, only a 3Q limited group ox burn rate reducer it applicable to conventional cigarette paper. The substances in this I `
I
limited group which I have found produce good results are citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acrid, non-fat milks, Kim milk, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, fructose and lactose.
"Filler" means calcium carbonate (Cook) or any other substances used in the cigarette industry for toe purpose of accelerating burning of paper. McCoy and Moo are example of other fillers which have been used.
"Greener porosity" is a measure of cigarette paper porosity used throughout the cigarette industry.
It refer to the time in second required for a specified volume of air to pass through a specified area of paper under a spud pressure. The higher the Greener number, the lower the porosity of the paper.
"Side stream smoke' is smoke emitted by a cigarette between puffs. this smoke doe not pass through the tobacco rod or through the filter, and it considered particularly obnoxious by nonsmokers In testing for 9idestream smoke, the cigarette it lit, puffed, held for one minute without puffing, and then puffed again. It is then placed under an inverted wide mouth glass jar three inches in diameter and seven inches tall. Side~tream smoke it evaluated by visually observing the quantity ox smoke in the jar.
"Tar" refer to the liquid product of tobacco combustion, and is evaluated by observing the staining of the mouth end of a cigarette filter.
"Drying" refer to the removal of moisture or liquid substances by the application of heat, by the application of moving air, by simply permitting evaporation to take place under ambient conditions, or :
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,.
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.
by any other suitable mean However, "drying" does not imply the removal of all moisture. Rather, in the context ox the following description, drying" refer to the removal ox moisture after treatment of cigarette paper to an extent such that the cigarette paper ha substantially the tame moisture content that it had prior to treatment.
The "fire resistance text" referred to herein it a text described in the United States Federal Trade lo Commission Standard or the Flammability of Mutters and Mattress Pad OFF 4-72), (16 CUR 1632). The Federal Trade Commissions test is intended for testing mattresses using conventional cigarettes. However, the test is equally applicable to the testing of cigarettes using standard mattresses, and a ten on a standard metric was used to determine the fire resistance ox i the cigarette described in the examples herein. For the Tut used to determine fire ruttiness of cigarettes made in accordance with the invention the ` 20 mattress material used is a cotton ticking covering a cotton batting. The lit cigarette, after at least 30 second of free burn time in air, is placed horizontally over the metric ticking, with uniform contact of the cigarette paper with the ticking. The cigarette is permitted to burn until it ~elf-extingui~hes before full consumption, in which cave it is refit and retested It May burn its full length and then elf extinguish The cigarette it observed to determine whether or not it causes smoldering or ignition of the text mattress.
The tests used to determine Pine resistance and other paramsterq reported in the example heroin were carried out on cigarettes made by factory-type .
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machines or on cigarettes made by hand using careful oontrolq to injure a uniform tobacco packing density ,' similar to that of a factory-made cigarette.
Certain criteria pertaining to burning , 5 characteristic must be met by a cigarette in accordance with the invention. The cigarette mutt burn or at least one minute between puffs. The linear burn rate must be between about 1 and 6 minute Further, in the case of a cigarette in accordance with the invention having a treated conventional wrapper, the linear burn rate must be substantially slower than the burn rate of - a corresponding cigarette which has an untreated wrapper but which is otherwise identical to the cigarette having - the treated wrapper. For example if an untreated cigarette ho a burn rate of 5 mm/mlnute, a corresponding cigarette with a water-treated wrapper should be treated sufficiently to have a burn rate substantially lets than 5 Monet erg, 4 mm/minute.
Although treated cigarette will generally ~,20 exhibit si~estream smoke reduction at a burn rate of mm/minute or less, and some of the same cigarettes will alto exhibit fire resistance at a burn rate anywhere in the range of 1 to 6 mm/mirlutes, other cigarettes must be treated sufficiently to have a burn fate a low a 3.5 mm/minute in order to nave satisfactory fire resistance.
` An important phase of thi3,invention pertain -to the use of a lo porosity cigarette wrapper hiving a ,, relatively low filler content.
Whereas the wrappers of conventional cigarettes have a Greener porosity in the range of about 10 to 40 second, and a filler content (usually calcium :' .. . .
: .
carbonate, magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide) in the range of approximately 22 to 35~, one ox the preferred cigarettes in accordance with this phase of the invention us a wrapper having a Greener porosity of about 50 or more second , and a filler content in the range ox approximately 15 to 22%. The weight of the ; cigarette paper should be between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter as in the case of conventional cigarette paper. A typical paper having these lo characteristic is the so-called "plug Ripley, which is used as a wrapper for cigarette filters, but has not been used a a wrapper for tobacco A cigarette having a wrapper keynoting ox ugh paper exhibits excellent fire ruttiness. When lo dropped on a test mattress, it may cause some charring, but doe not tart a smolder or fire, and eventually extinguishes itself.
In all of the examples herein, except as otherwise indicated, the cigarette tested was a "Wlnston-Lights" king size cigarette having an average -I circumference ox approximately 25 mm.
In the following examples of cigarette using low-porosity paper, the tested cigarettes were made from Conventional cigarettes by removing the tobacco and wrapper from the filter plug, wrapping the low-poro~ity paper around the filter to form a tube, sealing the tube edges together, and carefully repacking the tame tobacco in the tube to insure uniform tobacco density sl~ilar to that of the original cigarette. Where the paper way chemically treated, it way treated before replacement of the tobacco.
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I -The hollowing four example pertain to Winston Light king size cigarette comprising tobacco wrapped in low-porosity, low-filler content cigarette paper. In each example the weight given refer to the weight of the paper, including the calcium carbonate filler, in gram per square meter. The porosity it the Greener porosity in second.
Weight = 27 g./m2 lOCaC03 = 18.5~
Porosity = 50 sec.
Weight = 35 g./m2 Cook = 20.0%
purity 50 sect .
Weight = 24 g~/m2 Cook = 20~
Porosity = 50 sec.
` Weight = 24 g./m2 Cook = 22%
Porosity _ 50 sec.
Cigarette made in accordance with all of the foregoing example exhibit substantially improved fire resistance when subjected to the fire resistance test d~3cribed above. However, these cigarettes do not exhibit a substantial reduction in side stream smoke The lower ' ' - , :
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_10-calcium carbonate content in EXAMPLE 1 resulted in a little less charring of the test fabric than EXAMPLES 2, 3 and I I have found that the weight of the paper has Utile effect on its performance. when the calcium carbonate content of the paper is below approximately 15~, the cigarette doe not burn for one minute, a minimum of one minute of burning under static condition being an essential criterion for a satisfactory cigarette. If the calcium carbonate content lo substantially exceeds 22~ in this low-poro~ity paper, the fire resistance of the paper is impaired.
Cigarettes in accordance with EXAMPLES 1 through 4 inclusive are simple to manufacture by conventional cigarette-making machinery inasmuch a the only difference between these new cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is in the nature of the paper used to wrap the tobacco.
A cigarette using a low-porosity wrapper with : a low filler content has the further advantage that it I burns more slowly than a conventional cigarette, and therefore consumes less tobacco in a given number of puffs. It is not known whether or not any health benefits result directly from the reduced rate of consumption of tobacco. However, the reduction in ~25 tobacco consumption makes it possible to use less tobacco in a cigarette of a given length, and to provide a longer and more effective filter.
While the use of low-porosity paper with a low Miller content improves fire resistance, it has '30 comparatively little effect on side~tream smoke Jo production. However in accordance with the invention, Jo it is a simple matter to reduce side stream smoke to very '``' ' ' I'',' I'' pa Lowe Jo, .
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low levels by treating paper having low porosity and low ` filler content with water or ethyl alcohol, and thereafter drying the paper. A cigarette Jo treated meets the Nasser burning criteria in that it burn for at least one minute without puffing, and ha a - linear burn rate in the range of about 1-6 mm. per Nat .
Treatment of cigarette paper with water or ethyl alcohol it carried out simply by running the cigarette paper over and under roller into a water or alcohol bath, and from there to a dryer which eliminate excess moisture or liquid content bringing the moisture `` content ox the cigarette paper back to it approximate original level.
The following two examples pertain to the treatment of low-porosity cigarette paper with water or ethyl alcohol Weight = 27 g.~m2 " I Cook = 18.5~
Porosity _ 50 sec.
Treatment _ soak paper with water and allow to dry before wrapping tobacco.
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` EXAMPLE 6 ` 25 White - 27 g./m2 ` Cook = 18.5~
Porosity _ 50 eke.
Treatment _ soak paper in 95% ethyl alcohol and allow to dry before wrapping tobacco.
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7:' " ' ' Lo .
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', in both ox Thea examples, performance way similar to .: EXAMPLE 1 except that side~itream smoke was substantially , -reduced.
Depositing a linear burn rate reducing substance in or on the paper further improves lyre rustiness and, in Qume cases, also produce a further - reduction in ~ideqtream smoke. Deposition of the linear burn rate reducing substance can be carried out most conveniently using a method similar to EXAMPLE 5, by lo dissolving or suspending the substance in the water in which the cigarette paper is soaked. A wide variety of Jo substances can be used to reduce the linear burn rate ox low-porosity cigarette paper Expel of suitable treatments include the following. In each kiwi, the . lo weight of the cigarette paper was 27 g./m2, it Cook content wag 18.5~9 and it porosity way 50 second. The paper was soaked in an aqueous solution ox the linear burn rate-reducing ~ub~tance, and allowed to dry before wrapping the tobacco.
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20 ' : Burn Rate Reducing Approximate Example Substance ConcentrationRan~e . .
7 lactic acid I 30 ô citric acid 1% US - 10 : 25 ' 9 magnesium citrate I 1% - 10 Mg3(C6H507)2 .. ` 10 magn~qium acetate I 1% - 5 11 tartaric acid I I - 27 '12 acetic acid I I - 20 i I', ............... .
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In each of EXAMPLES 7-12 the effect of the linear burn rate-reducing substance way to reduce the charring of the material used in the fire resistance text. The low end of the range of concentrations it the approximate point at which a noticeable reduction in charring occur.
Increasing the concentration to a level above the minimum effective level produces little improvement and therefore there it no reason to use higher concentrations of burn rate reducing substances, except lo in the Coffey magnesium acetate, where raising the - concentration to I results in a noticeable further reduction in ~ide~tream smoke. Increasing the concentration of any of these burn rate-reducing substance to levels significantly higher than the upper ends of the given ranges may have a detrimental effect on the appearance and texture of the cigarette paper.
There are many other linear burn raze reducing substances which can be applied to low-porosity cigarette paper from an aqueous solution. These include, or example, trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric aoidg sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, borax, boric acid, ammonium hydroxide, nickel acetate, sodium silicate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfa mate end sodium d~chro~nate. These substances should be applied in low concentration, i.e. of the order of Al a higher concentrations tend to produce a darkening Of the cigarette ash. (The substance ox EXAMPLES 7-12 have little if any effect on ash coloration regardless of ~30 concentration.) ' ~14-., , - - Any ox the burn rate-reducing substances can be applied in very low concentration by multiple treatment steps. That is the paper is soaked in a solution containing a low concentration of a burn rate reducing substance, alloyed to dry, then soaked again in the tame or another solution of a burn rate-reducing ~ub~tance, and again allowed to dry.
Non-fat milk is also effective as a linear burn rate reducer or reducing charring of the material used in the fire resistance test. Non-fat milk can be conveniently applied as a suspension of non-fat dry milk in water. A typical analysis of non-fat dry milk (Carnation brand) it a follows:
Water 3.16~
Protein 36.16%
Lipids 0 77 Carbohydrate 51,98 Ash 7.93 , An example of treatment of low-poro~ity erupt paper 20 with non-fat milk it as follows:
Jo .
Cigarette paper with a Greener `` porosity of 50 seconds, a weight of 27 g./m2 and a Cook content of 18.5~ wag treated on one wide in a quspenqion consisting of about US
- my weight of non-fat dry milk in water, and allowed to dry.- Thy treatment leaves a glaze on the ' ` ` :
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treated side of the paper. In the fire re~l3tance test, the cigarette using the treated paper produced noticeably lest charring and no smoldering of the test material than did a similar cigarette using untreated paper.
; The concentration of non-fat dry milk can range from about 1% to about 20~, although higher lo concentration within this range are not neceq~ary. If a glazed appearance it not desired on the outside ox the cigarette wrapper, the milk suspension can be applied to the side of the wrapper which ultimately foe toward the tobacco. Alternatively, both tides of the paper can be treated. Instead of Nanette dry milk, skim milk diluted with water can be used with equivalent effect.
Various insoluble linear burn rate reducing ~ub~tance~ other than milk can be applied in a suspension. Example of such substance are alumina eye, potato starch and aluminum turret A typical aqueous ~u~pen~ion of one ox these ~ub~tanceq contain bout I by weight of the qub~tance. When applied to lo porosity clarity paper, these 3~b~tance~ provide improved resistance to charring and smoldering a well 25 a some ~ide~tream smoke reduction.
` While cigarette with low-poro~ity paper do not tend to reduce the quantity of tar, hi can be corrected by providing venting holes surrounding the jilter in the conventional manner. Venting hole do not affect the fire ricketiness or ~ide~tr~am smoke production of the cigarette.
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- Low-porosity wrappers have a relatively small effect on the draw characteristics of a cigarette, making it only slightly more difficult to draw a satisfactory amount of smoke into the mouth thin in the case of an ordinary cigarette. The draw characteristics of all cigarettes in accordance with this invention, whether they be low tar, very low tar or high tar cigarette, is acceptable and comparable to that of conventional cigarettes. In no event it the draw of a lo modified cigarette 30 difficult as to be seriously objectionable to ordinary smokers of that particular cigarette in it unmodified condition.
The same linear burn rate reducer used with Low-porosity cigarette paper in EXAMPLES 7~129 produce fire resistance and side stream smoke reduction when applied to the higher porosity papers used in ordinary clarets.
In the hollowing examples of cigarette using treated high porosity papers, certain ones of the tested cigarettes were treated by applying the treating substance directly to the wrapper of a factory-made cigarette without removing the wrapper or the tobacco.
therm were made by removing the tobacco from the wrapper, treating the wrapper, and then replacing the tobacco. The examples in which the latter method was used are designated by numbers followed by letter, (erg. AYE). The latter procedure immolate the royalty achieved by treating cigarette paper and thereafter forming it into a cigarette, a would be done in manufacture. In general, with the latter procedure, smaller quantities of burn rate reducer are necessary.
, In the examples which follow, unless otherwise posed, the paper was treated while surrounding a charge of tobacco.
In each of the following examples the cigarette paper had a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g./m2, and a Cook content ox 25%. The paper was soaked in the indicated treating solution and allowed to dry.
urn Rate Fire lo Reducing Concern- Side stream Resistance Example Substance traction Reduction Text Problem lactic it acid 28~ no no it " 29~ yes no lo I " 30~ yes ye 17 if 33~ glazes paper AYE " 9.9~ no no -I
17B " 13.0~ yes yes citric 18 acid12.2g no no --- -19 ll13.3% yes no ~~~~~
ll23.5~ yes yes ~~~~~
21 '~28.1~ unsati3~actory appearance AYE " 9.1~ no no --- -21B " 10.2~ yes yes -----Manges I'm Citrate . 22 (Mg3~C6H507)2 4~9~ no no ----_ 23 " 5.2~ yes no -----.
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24 "10 . 56~ yes yes 1 3q I __ darken paper AYE " 4. I no no -----25B " 4. I no ye -- --
2 5C " 6 . I yes yes Man en i us 26 Aoetate12. I no no -----27 "22 . 5% yes no -----. ; 28 n46 . I yes yes _____ 29 "50 . 5% yes yea -I
AYE "13 . I no no -I
29B "15 . I yes ye -----Tar jar to Audi. 0% no no -----` 31 Al 15.0~ ye no _____
AYE "13 . I no no -I
29B "15 . I yes ye -----Tar jar to Audi. 0% no no -----` 31 Al 15.0~ ye no _____
3 2 " 53. I yes ye ___~_ 33 "60 . I ---- ---- heat discolors wrapper AYE "35 . 0~6 no no -I
33B " 41. I yes ye _____ .
Act to 34 Acadia . I no no ---~~
. : 35 ~16 . I yes no -- -I
36 n 23. Ox yes ye _____ 37 " 33. I ---- ---- taste - too sour AYE " 9 . I no no -----. ` 37B ye ye ` ,.
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--lug--In EXAMPLES 14-37, comparatively low concentrations of burn rate reducing substance are effective to reduce ~ideqtream smoke. If more of the burn rate reducing substance is used the cigarette become capable of paying the fire resistance test. The following table indicates the approximate minimum concentrations ox each substance to effect fire resistance, and to effect noticeable side~tream smoke reduction, among a paper having a Greener porosity of 20 second, a weight of lo I g./m2 and a Cook content of 25%l and among treatment is carried out by a single soaking step followed by drying:
:
urn Rate Minimum Concentration Minimum Concern-Reducing To Achieve Noticeable traction To Pa 15 Substance Side stream Reduction Fire Test_ On On Empty On On Empty Cigarette Tube Cigarette Tube lactic acid 29~ 13.0~ 30~ 13.0 citric acid 13~ 10.2~ 23~ 10.2 magnesium citrate I 6~5~ 10~ 6.5 magnesium acetate 22~ 15.0~ 46~ 15.0 tartaric acid :15~ 30.0~ 53~ 35.0~
acetic acid 16S 11.1~ 23~ 11.1S
These minimum concentrations are only approximate, and vary to some extent depending on porosity, amount of filler prevent, cigarette diameter, the type of tobacco, the presence ox other additive in the paper or in the tobacco, and possibly other factor.
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A in EXAMPLE 13, milk can be used to treat high porosity cigarette paper to produce ~idestream smoke reduction and fire resistance. Milk is applied to the cigarette paper by treating one or both tides of the paper in a suspension of milk in water. In the following examples, cigarette paper having a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of I g./m2 and a Cook content of 25~ was treated in a single step by coating on wide with a suspension of Carnation brand non-fat lo dry milk. When the example number is followed by a letter the paper was treated when separated prom the ~o~acco.
:
Past Fire . Concern Side~tream Rustiness 15 Example traction Reduction Test Problem .
38 3.5~ no no 39 8~9~ ye no 9.23~ ye ye 41 32.4~ - - unsatisfactory . . appearance AYE 6.5~ no no 41B 7.4S no yes . ;41C 8.7~ yes yes Here again, a small concentration of the burn rate reducing substance produces noticeable ~idestream smoke reduction while a greater concentration impart sufficient fire resistance to pa the standard text.
In the case ox paper coated while surrounding tobacco the minimum concentration of milk Nasser to pa the fire text it approximately 9.0~, assuming 20 second porosity, a weight of 24 g./m2 and a Cook contort Or `.`'' Jo , . : , I;
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25S in the paper. In the case of paper treated separately from the tobacco, the minimum concentration it approximately 7.0~. These minimum quantities will vary with porosity, amount of filter, cigarette diameter, tobacco type, additive, etc.
The use of non-fat dry milk a a burn rate reducer ha a number of advantage over the use of other burn rate reducer such as citric acid, magnesium citrate, eta The treated cigarette has a better appearance, and it smoother and easier to remove from the pack. It it resistant to Metro and ha a longer slough life, and it paper it more flexible than other treated paper. Furthermore, the paper retain it strength while wet during treatment with the non-fat dry milk suspension.
- where the paper is treated with a burn rate-reducing substance, it may be desirable from the standpoint of appearance of the cigarette, to apply the burn rate-reducin~ substance to one side of the cigarette paper, and to wrap the tobacco with this cigarette paper Jo that the treated wide it toward the tobacco. These steps are especially desirable where the burn retreading substance is in suspension or in solution in a relatively high concentration such a to form a visible deposit on the paper. These step are alto desirable because, with the treated ~ide.toward the tobacco there it lets tendency for the burn rate-reducing substance to affect the color ox the cigarette ash. Higher concentration of burn rate reducers can be I used when the treated wide of the paper it toward the tobacco. This method of treatment produce more elective smoke reduction and more effective fire .
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resistance without materially affecting the appearance ox the cigarette or its ash.
It is not necessary to treat the entire -surface area of a sheet of cigarette paper in order to obtain the benefit of my invention. In fact, it is desirable, at least in the cave of high-porosity cigarette paper, to apply the burn rate-reducing ùbstance to only a part of the surface area of the paper so that the porosity of the untreated areas serves to control the amount of tar and nicotine delivered in each puff.
In paper treatment over only part of the paper's 3urfaee area, performance is affected to some extent by paper porosity, the amount of burn accelerator prevent in the paper or tobacco, and the tobacco composition. Performance of a filter cigarette it alto affected by the presence or absence of perorations in the paper surrounding the filter of the cigarette or the porosity of that paper. Similarly the performance of 2.0 non-filter cigarette is affected not only by paper porosity but alto by the presence or absence of perforation near the end of the cigarette closest to the Smucker mouth In general, cigarette can be classified a "high tar" cigarettes or 'slow tar"
I cigarette depending on the above factors. Low tar cigarettes produce 15 my. or less tar under standard -texts used in the tobacco industry. High tar cigarettes produce tars from above 15 my. to 28 my. or more. The effect of partial treatments in accordance with this invention has been found to correlate with the tar content clas~lfication of cigarettes. The following ore examples of cigarettes in which part of the ~urfaoe area .
-of the paper way treated with a burn rate-reducing substance. The paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco.
Weight: about 24 g/m2 Cook: about 25~
Porosity: 20 seconds Tar: Low Treatment: Soak 90~ of the surface area of the paper in a 23~ solution of citric acid and allow to dry. Pattern of coating is in one longitudinal stripe 22.5 mm. wide with 2.5 mm. space.
Royalty Linear burn rate is about 1.79 mm.
per minute as compared with 6.16 mm.
per minute for a corresponding untreated cigarette. The cigarette pawed the fire ruttiness text and exhibited a noticeable reduction in I ~idestream smoke. 23~ it about the lowest concentration at which fire resistance can be achieved with citric acid on a partially coated cigarette paper.
This example it similar to EXAMPLE 42, except that the concentration of citric acid was 33~. The linear burn rate way about 1.3 mm. per minute, and thy cigarette paid the fire ruttiness text and exhibited pa low ~ideqtream smoke. 33t concentration of citric cold it near the upper limit for acceptable cigarette appearance.
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This example is similar to EXAMPLE 42 except that only 50~ ox the surface area of the wrapper was treated with citric acid in three longitudinal stripes
33B " 41. I yes ye _____ .
Act to 34 Acadia . I no no ---~~
. : 35 ~16 . I yes no -- -I
36 n 23. Ox yes ye _____ 37 " 33. I ---- ---- taste - too sour AYE " 9 . I no no -----. ` 37B ye ye ` ,.
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--lug--In EXAMPLES 14-37, comparatively low concentrations of burn rate reducing substance are effective to reduce ~ideqtream smoke. If more of the burn rate reducing substance is used the cigarette become capable of paying the fire resistance test. The following table indicates the approximate minimum concentrations ox each substance to effect fire resistance, and to effect noticeable side~tream smoke reduction, among a paper having a Greener porosity of 20 second, a weight of lo I g./m2 and a Cook content of 25%l and among treatment is carried out by a single soaking step followed by drying:
:
urn Rate Minimum Concentration Minimum Concern-Reducing To Achieve Noticeable traction To Pa 15 Substance Side stream Reduction Fire Test_ On On Empty On On Empty Cigarette Tube Cigarette Tube lactic acid 29~ 13.0~ 30~ 13.0 citric acid 13~ 10.2~ 23~ 10.2 magnesium citrate I 6~5~ 10~ 6.5 magnesium acetate 22~ 15.0~ 46~ 15.0 tartaric acid :15~ 30.0~ 53~ 35.0~
acetic acid 16S 11.1~ 23~ 11.1S
These minimum concentrations are only approximate, and vary to some extent depending on porosity, amount of filler prevent, cigarette diameter, the type of tobacco, the presence ox other additive in the paper or in the tobacco, and possibly other factor.
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A in EXAMPLE 13, milk can be used to treat high porosity cigarette paper to produce ~idestream smoke reduction and fire resistance. Milk is applied to the cigarette paper by treating one or both tides of the paper in a suspension of milk in water. In the following examples, cigarette paper having a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of I g./m2 and a Cook content of 25~ was treated in a single step by coating on wide with a suspension of Carnation brand non-fat lo dry milk. When the example number is followed by a letter the paper was treated when separated prom the ~o~acco.
:
Past Fire . Concern Side~tream Rustiness 15 Example traction Reduction Test Problem .
38 3.5~ no no 39 8~9~ ye no 9.23~ ye ye 41 32.4~ - - unsatisfactory . . appearance AYE 6.5~ no no 41B 7.4S no yes . ;41C 8.7~ yes yes Here again, a small concentration of the burn rate reducing substance produces noticeable ~idestream smoke reduction while a greater concentration impart sufficient fire resistance to pa the standard text.
In the case ox paper coated while surrounding tobacco the minimum concentration of milk Nasser to pa the fire text it approximately 9.0~, assuming 20 second porosity, a weight of 24 g./m2 and a Cook contort Or `.`'' Jo , . : , I;
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25S in the paper. In the case of paper treated separately from the tobacco, the minimum concentration it approximately 7.0~. These minimum quantities will vary with porosity, amount of filter, cigarette diameter, tobacco type, additive, etc.
The use of non-fat dry milk a a burn rate reducer ha a number of advantage over the use of other burn rate reducer such as citric acid, magnesium citrate, eta The treated cigarette has a better appearance, and it smoother and easier to remove from the pack. It it resistant to Metro and ha a longer slough life, and it paper it more flexible than other treated paper. Furthermore, the paper retain it strength while wet during treatment with the non-fat dry milk suspension.
- where the paper is treated with a burn rate-reducing substance, it may be desirable from the standpoint of appearance of the cigarette, to apply the burn rate-reducin~ substance to one side of the cigarette paper, and to wrap the tobacco with this cigarette paper Jo that the treated wide it toward the tobacco. These steps are especially desirable where the burn retreading substance is in suspension or in solution in a relatively high concentration such a to form a visible deposit on the paper. These step are alto desirable because, with the treated ~ide.toward the tobacco there it lets tendency for the burn rate-reducing substance to affect the color ox the cigarette ash. Higher concentration of burn rate reducers can be I used when the treated wide of the paper it toward the tobacco. This method of treatment produce more elective smoke reduction and more effective fire .
:
resistance without materially affecting the appearance ox the cigarette or its ash.
It is not necessary to treat the entire -surface area of a sheet of cigarette paper in order to obtain the benefit of my invention. In fact, it is desirable, at least in the cave of high-porosity cigarette paper, to apply the burn rate-reducing ùbstance to only a part of the surface area of the paper so that the porosity of the untreated areas serves to control the amount of tar and nicotine delivered in each puff.
In paper treatment over only part of the paper's 3urfaee area, performance is affected to some extent by paper porosity, the amount of burn accelerator prevent in the paper or tobacco, and the tobacco composition. Performance of a filter cigarette it alto affected by the presence or absence of perorations in the paper surrounding the filter of the cigarette or the porosity of that paper. Similarly the performance of 2.0 non-filter cigarette is affected not only by paper porosity but alto by the presence or absence of perforation near the end of the cigarette closest to the Smucker mouth In general, cigarette can be classified a "high tar" cigarettes or 'slow tar"
I cigarette depending on the above factors. Low tar cigarettes produce 15 my. or less tar under standard -texts used in the tobacco industry. High tar cigarettes produce tars from above 15 my. to 28 my. or more. The effect of partial treatments in accordance with this invention has been found to correlate with the tar content clas~lfication of cigarettes. The following ore examples of cigarettes in which part of the ~urfaoe area .
-of the paper way treated with a burn rate-reducing substance. The paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco.
Weight: about 24 g/m2 Cook: about 25~
Porosity: 20 seconds Tar: Low Treatment: Soak 90~ of the surface area of the paper in a 23~ solution of citric acid and allow to dry. Pattern of coating is in one longitudinal stripe 22.5 mm. wide with 2.5 mm. space.
Royalty Linear burn rate is about 1.79 mm.
per minute as compared with 6.16 mm.
per minute for a corresponding untreated cigarette. The cigarette pawed the fire ruttiness text and exhibited a noticeable reduction in I ~idestream smoke. 23~ it about the lowest concentration at which fire resistance can be achieved with citric acid on a partially coated cigarette paper.
This example it similar to EXAMPLE 42, except that the concentration of citric acid was 33~. The linear burn rate way about 1.3 mm. per minute, and thy cigarette paid the fire ruttiness text and exhibited pa low ~ideqtream smoke. 33t concentration of citric cold it near the upper limit for acceptable cigarette appearance.
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This example is similar to EXAMPLE 42 except that only 50~ ox the surface area of the wrapper was treated with citric acid in three longitudinal stripes
4~5 mm. wide. This cigarette rid not pa s the wire resistance text, and the reduction in ~ide~tream smoke way not noticeable.
Weight: 24 gtm2 Cook: about 25 Porosity: 30 second Tar: High Treatment: Soak 90~ of the surface area ox the paper in a 16.6~ solution of citric acid and allow to dry. Pattern it in a longitudinal stripe 2205 mm. wide with an untreated area 2.5 mm. wide.
Result Linear burn rate is about I mm. per minute. The cigarette passed the 2Q wire resistance test and exhibited a substantial reduction in side stream smoke.
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that the concentration of citric acid was 33~. The linear burn rate was about 2.18 mm. per minute, and the cigarette pasted the wire resistance text and exhibited a substantial reduction in side stream smoke. 33~ is the upper limit of citric acid concentration for acceptable cigarette appearance.
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This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that only 54g ox the area of the wrapper was treated with citric acid in evenly spaced longitudinal stripe 4.5 mm. wide. This cigarette pasted the Pine resistance lo t but did not exhibit an appreciable reduction in ~idestream smoke.
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that the citric acid concentration was only 9.09~. The cigarette exhibited a substantial reduction in ~ide~tream smoke, but did not pays the fire resistance text.
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that the citric acid concentration was 9.09~ and the area of` coverage way 75~, the treated area being on a longitudinal tripe 18.7 moo wide with a 6.3 mm. space.
This cigarette jailed the fire resistance text, and did not exhibit an appreciable reduction in wide treat smoke.
EXAMPLES 42-49 indicate that fire resistance and ~idestream smoke reduction can be achieved with only partial coverage of the cigarette wrapper, provided that a sufficient concentration of citric acid it used and provided that the ratio of treated area to total wrapper area it sufficient. Concentratiorl and area ratio are interrelated in that a high concentration ox burn rats reducer is effective when applied over a comparatively small part of the total wrapper area, whereat lower concentrations of burn rate reducer can alto be effective if a larger portion of the total wrapper area is treated. Partial area treatment reduce paper porosity only in the treated areas leaving untreated areas with their purities unaffected Jo that air passes through the paper into the smoke try within the cigarette to control the amount of tars, nicotine and carbon monoxide in the smoke delivered to the smoker with each puff of the cigarette.
For low tar cigarettes, a greater quantity of burn rate reducer is generally needed than for high tar lo cigarettes, to produce fire resistance.
The same general observation as deduced from EXAMPLES 42-49 apply to the other substances which can be used to treat high-porosity cigarette paper, namely magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and sugars.
I haze found that with low tar cigarettes, a greater quantity ox burn rate reducer is needed to effect sideqtream smoke reduction than with high tar cigarette I have also found that high tar clgaretteQ
2Q with low-porosity paper require somewhat lest treated area or side~tream smoke reduction than low tar cigarettes with low-porosity paper. However, if the high tar characteristic ox a cigarette results prom the absence of burn acceleration of the tobacco or prom the burning charaoteri~tics of the tobacco the classification of the cigarette as a "high tar" or "low tar" cigarette ha little bearing on the effect ox area coverage in determining side stream smoke reduction.
Treatment with milk as a burn rate reducer it different in that high concentrations of milk, while producing good fire resistance, tend to cause more ~Ide~tream smoke than intermediate concentrations The :
.
following table ox examples illustrate this result it a high tar cigarette. In the examples, cigarette paper having a porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2, and a Cook content of 25~ was treated with Carnation non-fat dry milk in suspension by applying the suspension to the paper in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4~5 my wide separated by untreated areas 3,8 mm. wide. yin EXAMPLES 50-61, the paper was treated ' while surrounding the tobacco of the cigarette.
lo : . Pass Fire concentration Area Side stream Resistance Example of Su~n3ion Treated Reduction Test , , 50 11~ 50 good no 51 1`1S 75 good yes 1552 it 90 good ye 53 I 50 good ye ' 54 13g 75 good ye `55 13~ 90 good yes 14.9~ 50 good ye ;
20' 57 '14.9~~ 75 good yes 58 14.9% 90 good yes 59 16.6~ 50 borderline ye .60 16.6~ 75 borderline yes 61 ~16.6~ 90 borderline yes Jo At concentrations above 16~, ~ide~tream smoke emission is increased to unsatisfactory Lyle. The ` highest practical concentration non-fat dry milk is about 14.9% because at higher concentrations, the cigarette paper darkens adjacent to the burning coal ox the cigarette and this darkening may be oon~idered objectionable..
.
Of the above examples, I prefer the cigarette of EXAMPLE 56 because the 50~ area Coverage permits air to enter the cigarette through the pore of the paper in an amount adequate to provide good control ox tar and S nicotine in each puff of the mainstream smoke.
The following examples correspond to EXAMPLES
50-61 except that the cigarette was a low tar cigarette.
Here again, the paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco of a cigarette.
lo Puke Fire Concentration Area Sidestrea~ Ruttiness example of Suspension Treated Reduction Test 62 11S 50 unsatisfactory no 63 11% I unsatisfactory ye 64 11~ 90 good yes 13~ 50 unsatisfactory ye 66 13~ 75 good yo-yo 67 13~ 90 good ye 68 14.9~ 50 good yes 69 14.9~ 75 good ye 14~9S 90 good yes 71 16,6~ 50 good yes 72 16.6~ US good yes 73 16.6% 90 good ye These example demonstrate that for low tar cigarette `~idestream smoke reduction requires somewhat higher .
concentration of burn rate reducer or greater coverage, and that ~ide3tream smoke reduction becomes unsatisfactory a concentration increases at least for low percentage ox area coverage.
.
Here, discoloration of the paper occur at concentration above about 16.6~, Jo that concentration is a practical maximum. I prefer the cigarette of EXAMPLES 66 and I as the areas of coverage in these examples allow adequate amounts of air to enter through the pores of the paper for tar and nicotine control.
In cigarettes with wrappers treated with a burn rate reducer over only part of the total wrapper area, I prefer to apply the burn rate reducer in parallel, evenly spaced, lines ox at least 4 mm. in width, the line extending in the direction ox the length of the cigarette when the cigarette is formed.
The cigarettes of EXAMPLES 4~-73 were 25 my in circumference. With cigarettes of lest circumference (i.e. swilled "thin" cigarettes somewhat lower concentration of burn rate reducers and somewhat lower percentage of area coverage produce satisfactory result.
With "thin" cigarettes, fire resistance, sidestrea~ smoke reduction and ash color characteristics similar to those ox treated 25 mm. cigarettes can be produced with burn rate reducer concentration cut in half. For example, a cigarette having a circumference ox 20 mm. and a porous wrapper treated with a I
solution of mange I'm citrate perform similarly to a conventional 25 mm. cigarette with a porous rapper treated with a 5.9~ solution of minim titrate Likewise, a 20 mm. cigarette treated with a 3.8~ Nanette dried milk ~u~pen~ion performs similarly to a conventional 25 mm. cigarette treated with an 8.2~
pension of non-fat dried milk. A 20 mm. cigarette treated with a 10~ solution of citric acid perform similarly to a 25 mm. cigarette treated with a 22 solution of citric acid Those cigarettes of EXAMPLES 42-73 which have satisfactory sldestream reduction and pa the wire resistance text, as well as other cigarette in accordance with the invention which past the fir ruttiness test, alto produce a light-colored ash and do not have to be snuffed out. They consume Lowe tobacco or a given number of puts than an untreated cigarette, have satisfactory draw characteristics, and produce a volume of smoke in each puff satisfactorily equivalent to that produced by an ordinary cigarette with an untreated wrapper.
Treatment of cigarette paper in multiple ~ucce~ive steps gives rite to certain advantages. In particular effective side~tream smoke reduction and fire resistance can be achieved using low concentration ox burn rate reducer in solution or pension Porosity control can be achieved by partially covering the cigarette paper with a burn rate reducer in one step and Good ~idestream smoke reduction and wire resistance is injured by applying a burn rate retardant in a very low concentration over the entire area of the paper in a separate step. Desirably, although not newsreel, the partial coverage step it carried out by application of the burn rate reducer to the side of the paper which ultimately face the tobacco, as this royalty in a cigarette having a better appearance.
Examples of multiple~3tep treatment include the following:
-:
3~2~
Cigarette paper for a low tar cigarette, with a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight ox 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a suspension of about 13~ non-fat dry milk over 54~ of the area of the paper on one side in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4.5 mm. wide with a spacing of 3.8 mm. Following drying, the opposite side of the paper was treated with a susperlsion of about 1b Nanette dry milk. The results were very similar to those produced in EXAMPLE 59. The partially treated side was toward the tobacco.
Cigarette paper in a low tar cigarette with a 15 Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a suspension of 13~ non-fat dry milk to one side ox the paper in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4.5 mm. wide with a spacing of 3.8 mm. Following drying, the tame wide of the paper was treated with a 2.8~ of non fat dry milk over it entire area. The cigarette way formed with the treated wide ox the paper on the outside.
Side stream smoke reduction was satisfactory but the cigarette failed the fire resistance test.
Jo Treatment was the tame as in EXAMPLE 75 except that the concentration of the suspension in the second step was 4.8~. Side stream smoke reduction way satisfactory, and the cigarette passed the fire resistance test, .:
I
Treatment was the tame as in EXAMPLES 75 and 76 except that the concentration in the first step way 11.1~ and in the second step was 6.99~. Side~tream smoke reduction way even better than in EXAMPLES 75 and 76 and fire resistance was better than EXAMPLE 76 in that charring of the test material was noticeably let The following examples pertain to multiple treatments of cigarette paper with solutions of lo magnesium acetate.
Cigarette paper in low tar cigarette with a Renoir porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and a awoke content ox 25% way treated by applying a solution of 20% magnesium acetate in longitudinal stripes 4.5 my wide with a spacing of 3,8 mm " i.e.
over 54~ of the wrapper area. Following drying, a I
solution of magnesium acetate way applied to the tame wide of the paper over it entire area. The cigarette way formed with the treated side of the paper on the outside. This cigarette jailed the fire resistance Tut; but exhibited satisfactory side~tream smoke reduction.
Treatment was the same as in EXAMPLE 78 except that the concentration in the partial coverage step way 20~ and the concentration in the pull coverage step way 13% . This cigarette exhibited satisfactory sid~tream move reduction and passed the fire resistance test.
on The difference between EXAMPLES 78 and 79 is that EXAMPLE 78'~ second step used 9.9~ magnesium acetate and the cigarette did not pays the fire :
` ` :
~33-resistance text. EXAMPLE 79 increased the concentration in the second step to 13~, and the cigarette pasted both side stream and fire resistance tests.
Partial coverage of the inside ox a cigarette wrapper and pull coverage of the outside, using magnesium acetate produces good results as demonstrated by the following example.
Cigarette paper in a low tar cigarette with a - 10 Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2, and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a solution of 26S magnesium acetate to one wide of the paper in longitudinal lines 4.5 mm. wide with a 3.8 mm.
spacing. Following drying the opposite side of the paper was treated by applying a solution of 9.9~ over its entire area. The cigarette was formed with the partially treated wide toward the tobacco. This cigarette exhibited satisfactory side stream smoke reduction and paused the fire resistance test.
Sugars can be used a urn ratereducer~ a illustrated by the following table of example. In these example, the paper porosity way 20 second! the awoke content was 25% and the weight of the paper wag 24 jimmy. The entire area of the paper was soaked in an aqueous 901ution of the designated sugar in the concentration indicated. The paper was then allowed to dry, and wire resistance and side stream smoke tests wore carried out. In the examples designated by numbers, the paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco. In the example donated by numbers followed by letters, the paper was treated while separate from the tobacco, ':
~34-Side stream Fire Examples Sugar Concentrations Reduction Resistance 81 Dextrose 30~ Yes No 82 Dextrose 50% Yes Yes S 83 Sucrose 30~ Yes No 84 Sucrose 50% Yes Yes Maltose 20~ Yes No 86 Maltose 25~ Yes Yes 87 Maltose 35~ Yes Yes AYE Dextrose 20~ Yes No 81B Dextrose 30% Yes Yes AYE Sucrose 20 to 23~ Yes No AYE Maltose 16.6 to 19.3~ Yes Yes 85B Maltose 20.63~ Yes Yes In each of these examples, the cigarette produced a white ash within acceptable appearance.
Thy practical upper limit for sugar concentration it about 60~, because highly concentrated sugar solution are hard to dry and tacky.
In the cave of sucrose, in concentrations in excess of the 23% concentration in EXAMPLE AYE, the paper became dl~colored adjacent to the burning coal.
Thus, it was not possible Jo obtain both side stream smoke reduction and fire resistance with an aqueous solution of sucrose alone in a cigarette in which the paper is treated separately from the tobacco. The same discoloration has been observed with high concentrations of maltose. The problem of discoloration can be avoided by using mixtures of sucrose and other burn rate retardants, e.g. 15.7~ sucrose and 5.88~ citric acid, or ` .
by applying sucrose in two separate treatment steps, e.g. 7% sucrose in each step, with drying following each step. Sucrose can be applied in an alcohol solution, in which cave good results can be achieved using comparatively low concentrations, e.g. 11.2~ sucrose in 94.4~ ethyl alcohol.
Sugar solutions may be applied in two steps, with the coverage in one of the steps being partial.
Examples are a follow:
Cigarette paper for a low tar cigarette having a porosity of 20 seconds, a Cook content of 25S and a weight of 24 my wag treated with a solution of 50~
dextrose over r5~ ox its area in longitudinal stripes 6 mm. wide with 2 mm. spacings between the. The paper way dried and then treated over its entire area with a - 33% solution ox sucrose and again dried. A cigarette with the treated paper a a wrapper exhibited good gidestream smoke reduction and pasted the fire resistance text.
Thi~axample is similar to EXAMPLE 88 except that maltose Was used instead of dextrose. The royalty were similar to those in EXAMPLE 88.
The treatment was similar to that in EXAMPLES
88 and 8g except that the treating solution in both steps was 33 1/3~ sucrose. The results were similar to those in EXAMPLES 88 and 89.
The lower concentration limit or each ox the treatment Stffp9 in multiple treatments using sugars it dependent on the concentration in the other Beep.
I I
I
However, in general the luger limit of concentration for the partial treatment step is about 30~ while the lower limit of concentration for the full treatment step it around 20%.
An additional layer of conventiollal cigarette paper can be used to improve the performance of a cigarette using low-porosity paper or of a cigarette using treated high-porosity paper. The use of an additional layer of cigarette paper in a cigarette I having low-porosity paper is illustrated by the hollowing example:
This cigarette had an inner wrapper having the following characteristic Weight 24 g/m2 Cook: 20~
Porosity: 50 sec.
The outer wrapper way in clove contact with the inner wrapper and consisted of high-porosity cigarette paper 2Q having the following characteristics:
Weight: about 24 g/m2 Cook about 25%
Pro fly: 20 eke.
This cigarette exhibited substantially improved fire resistance, and produced substantially let ~ldestream smoke than the cigarette of EXAMPLE 3, which had a jingle low-poro~ity wrapper.
The use of an additional wrapper Allah improve the performance of a cigarette having specially treated cigarette paper a illustrated by the following example.
I Al In this example, the inner wrapper consisted of cigarette paper having a porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~, soaked in a 4.5% solution of magnesium citrate (Mg3(C6HsO7)2).
The outer wrapper consisted of similar paper without magnesium citrate. The outer wrapper and inner wrapper were in clove contact with each other. This cigarette produced good fire resistance and good side stream smoke reduction. When this example is compared with EXAMPLE
22, it will be teen that the outer wrapper has the effect Or reducing the concentration of the burn rate-reducing substance required to achieve wire resistance and sidestrea~ smoke reduction.
I have found that the inclusion ox an additional wrapper improved the performance of cigarettes using burn rate-reducing substances other than magnesium citrate. I have also found that the treated wrapper can be placed on the outside, and the untreated wrapper on the inside without materially affecting the performance Or the cigarette. An additional wrapper can be used with a cigarette the wrapper of Wylie it treated over part of its area a described above, with similar improved results.
In all cases o r cigarettes which are treated with burn rate reducers in the group consisting ox citric acid, magn~slum citrate, magnesium acetate, tartarlc acid, aoetlc acid, lactic acid, a sugar, or a suspension of non-fat milk or skim milk, the concentrations of these primary burn rate reducing substances car be reduced without impairing performance it other burn rate reducing agents are prevent.
_~. .
Examples of applicable burn rate reducing agents which may be added are monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfa mate, boric acid, and sulfamic acid. For example, instead of using 22~ citric acid on a conventional porous 25 mm. cigarette, similar royalty in fire resistance, side stream reduction and ash coloration are produced by treating the cigarette wrapper with solution comprising about 9% citric acid and I ammonium ~ulfamate.
lo Burn raze reducers in the primary group (citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sugar, non-fat milk and skim milk) may Allah be used in combination a demonstrated by the following example.
lo EXAMPLE 93 A Wonton Little' cigarette wrapper was coated over its entire area with aqueous solution comprising satiric acid and I sucrose. The glower burn rate of the cigarette resulting from the treatment of the wrapper made it possible to reduce the length of the tobacco rod by 10 mm. from 53 mm. to 43 mug and to increase the length of the jilter by 10 mm. from 22 mm.
to 32 my Worry the original cigarette produced 8 puffs, the new cigarette produced 10 puffs. It passe the fire resistance test. Side stream smoke prom the new cigarette way faintly vl~ible. Ash coloration, puff volume and draw characteristics were similar to those of the original egret, and the taste was somewhat milder. The tree burn time of the new cigarette was about 3 minutes, and the linear burn rate was about 3 mm. per minute, a contrasted with a linear burn rate of about 5.3 mm. per minute for the original cigarette.
This was a reduction of about 43%, a 40~ reduction being a desirable minimum degree of reduction.
Another Winston Light cigarette wrapper was S treated over it entire area with an aqueous solution of I magnesium citrate and 12.2~ citric acid. This cigarette produced low ~idestream smoke and good fire resistance The tobacco rod was 15 mm. shorter than that of a conventional Winston Light cigarette, while lo the filter way 15 my longer. The cigarette produced 14 puffs. Taste was satiqfae'cory. Ash coloration, puff volume and draw characteri~ticq were similar to those of the original cigarette. The free burn time way approximately 3 minute and the linear burn rate was 1.7 Monet EXAMPLE go A Roth man Filter King cigarette way treated by removing the tobacco, applying to the entire ~urfaoe of the empty wrapper a mixture consisting of 4.2% Carnation I brand non-fat dried milk and 2.34~ powdered sucrose in water, allowing the paper to dry, and replacing the tobacco. The tobacco rod wag 58 mm. in length and the filter and tipping paper took up 25 mm. The dry weight gain of the paper was 5 my. The cigarette exhibited normal paper color and adequate draw characteristic.
The paper was lightly glazed on its surface, and was somewhat stiffer than the untreated paper. The ash way firm and capable of being flicked off normally The cigarette exhibited excellent fire ruttiness, leaving I only a stain on cotton fabric in the fire ricketiness test It delivered fourteen puff a compared with eleven puffs from the untreated cigarette The static .
free burn time way between six and eight minutes.
Side stream smoke was substantially reduced. Tar was about the same as with the untreated cigarette, but the taste was milder with noticeably lest bite. Mixture of
Weight: 24 gtm2 Cook: about 25 Porosity: 30 second Tar: High Treatment: Soak 90~ of the surface area ox the paper in a 16.6~ solution of citric acid and allow to dry. Pattern it in a longitudinal stripe 2205 mm. wide with an untreated area 2.5 mm. wide.
Result Linear burn rate is about I mm. per minute. The cigarette passed the 2Q wire resistance test and exhibited a substantial reduction in side stream smoke.
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that the concentration of citric acid was 33~. The linear burn rate was about 2.18 mm. per minute, and the cigarette pasted the wire resistance text and exhibited a substantial reduction in side stream smoke. 33~ is the upper limit of citric acid concentration for acceptable cigarette appearance.
' I
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that only 54g ox the area of the wrapper was treated with citric acid in evenly spaced longitudinal stripe 4.5 mm. wide. This cigarette pasted the Pine resistance lo t but did not exhibit an appreciable reduction in ~idestream smoke.
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that the citric acid concentration was only 9.09~. The cigarette exhibited a substantial reduction in ~ide~tream smoke, but did not pays the fire resistance text.
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except that the citric acid concentration was 9.09~ and the area of` coverage way 75~, the treated area being on a longitudinal tripe 18.7 moo wide with a 6.3 mm. space.
This cigarette jailed the fire resistance text, and did not exhibit an appreciable reduction in wide treat smoke.
EXAMPLES 42-49 indicate that fire resistance and ~idestream smoke reduction can be achieved with only partial coverage of the cigarette wrapper, provided that a sufficient concentration of citric acid it used and provided that the ratio of treated area to total wrapper area it sufficient. Concentratiorl and area ratio are interrelated in that a high concentration ox burn rats reducer is effective when applied over a comparatively small part of the total wrapper area, whereat lower concentrations of burn rate reducer can alto be effective if a larger portion of the total wrapper area is treated. Partial area treatment reduce paper porosity only in the treated areas leaving untreated areas with their purities unaffected Jo that air passes through the paper into the smoke try within the cigarette to control the amount of tars, nicotine and carbon monoxide in the smoke delivered to the smoker with each puff of the cigarette.
For low tar cigarettes, a greater quantity of burn rate reducer is generally needed than for high tar lo cigarettes, to produce fire resistance.
The same general observation as deduced from EXAMPLES 42-49 apply to the other substances which can be used to treat high-porosity cigarette paper, namely magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and sugars.
I haze found that with low tar cigarettes, a greater quantity ox burn rate reducer is needed to effect sideqtream smoke reduction than with high tar cigarette I have also found that high tar clgaretteQ
2Q with low-porosity paper require somewhat lest treated area or side~tream smoke reduction than low tar cigarettes with low-porosity paper. However, if the high tar characteristic ox a cigarette results prom the absence of burn acceleration of the tobacco or prom the burning charaoteri~tics of the tobacco the classification of the cigarette as a "high tar" or "low tar" cigarette ha little bearing on the effect ox area coverage in determining side stream smoke reduction.
Treatment with milk as a burn rate reducer it different in that high concentrations of milk, while producing good fire resistance, tend to cause more ~Ide~tream smoke than intermediate concentrations The :
.
following table ox examples illustrate this result it a high tar cigarette. In the examples, cigarette paper having a porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2, and a Cook content of 25~ was treated with Carnation non-fat dry milk in suspension by applying the suspension to the paper in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4~5 my wide separated by untreated areas 3,8 mm. wide. yin EXAMPLES 50-61, the paper was treated ' while surrounding the tobacco of the cigarette.
lo : . Pass Fire concentration Area Side stream Resistance Example of Su~n3ion Treated Reduction Test , , 50 11~ 50 good no 51 1`1S 75 good yes 1552 it 90 good ye 53 I 50 good ye ' 54 13g 75 good ye `55 13~ 90 good yes 14.9~ 50 good ye ;
20' 57 '14.9~~ 75 good yes 58 14.9% 90 good yes 59 16.6~ 50 borderline ye .60 16.6~ 75 borderline yes 61 ~16.6~ 90 borderline yes Jo At concentrations above 16~, ~ide~tream smoke emission is increased to unsatisfactory Lyle. The ` highest practical concentration non-fat dry milk is about 14.9% because at higher concentrations, the cigarette paper darkens adjacent to the burning coal ox the cigarette and this darkening may be oon~idered objectionable..
.
Of the above examples, I prefer the cigarette of EXAMPLE 56 because the 50~ area Coverage permits air to enter the cigarette through the pore of the paper in an amount adequate to provide good control ox tar and S nicotine in each puff of the mainstream smoke.
The following examples correspond to EXAMPLES
50-61 except that the cigarette was a low tar cigarette.
Here again, the paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco of a cigarette.
lo Puke Fire Concentration Area Sidestrea~ Ruttiness example of Suspension Treated Reduction Test 62 11S 50 unsatisfactory no 63 11% I unsatisfactory ye 64 11~ 90 good yes 13~ 50 unsatisfactory ye 66 13~ 75 good yo-yo 67 13~ 90 good ye 68 14.9~ 50 good yes 69 14.9~ 75 good ye 14~9S 90 good yes 71 16,6~ 50 good yes 72 16.6~ US good yes 73 16.6% 90 good ye These example demonstrate that for low tar cigarette `~idestream smoke reduction requires somewhat higher .
concentration of burn rate reducer or greater coverage, and that ~ide3tream smoke reduction becomes unsatisfactory a concentration increases at least for low percentage ox area coverage.
.
Here, discoloration of the paper occur at concentration above about 16.6~, Jo that concentration is a practical maximum. I prefer the cigarette of EXAMPLES 66 and I as the areas of coverage in these examples allow adequate amounts of air to enter through the pores of the paper for tar and nicotine control.
In cigarettes with wrappers treated with a burn rate reducer over only part of the total wrapper area, I prefer to apply the burn rate reducer in parallel, evenly spaced, lines ox at least 4 mm. in width, the line extending in the direction ox the length of the cigarette when the cigarette is formed.
The cigarettes of EXAMPLES 4~-73 were 25 my in circumference. With cigarettes of lest circumference (i.e. swilled "thin" cigarettes somewhat lower concentration of burn rate reducers and somewhat lower percentage of area coverage produce satisfactory result.
With "thin" cigarettes, fire resistance, sidestrea~ smoke reduction and ash color characteristics similar to those ox treated 25 mm. cigarettes can be produced with burn rate reducer concentration cut in half. For example, a cigarette having a circumference ox 20 mm. and a porous wrapper treated with a I
solution of mange I'm citrate perform similarly to a conventional 25 mm. cigarette with a porous rapper treated with a 5.9~ solution of minim titrate Likewise, a 20 mm. cigarette treated with a 3.8~ Nanette dried milk ~u~pen~ion performs similarly to a conventional 25 mm. cigarette treated with an 8.2~
pension of non-fat dried milk. A 20 mm. cigarette treated with a 10~ solution of citric acid perform similarly to a 25 mm. cigarette treated with a 22 solution of citric acid Those cigarettes of EXAMPLES 42-73 which have satisfactory sldestream reduction and pa the wire resistance text, as well as other cigarette in accordance with the invention which past the fir ruttiness test, alto produce a light-colored ash and do not have to be snuffed out. They consume Lowe tobacco or a given number of puts than an untreated cigarette, have satisfactory draw characteristics, and produce a volume of smoke in each puff satisfactorily equivalent to that produced by an ordinary cigarette with an untreated wrapper.
Treatment of cigarette paper in multiple ~ucce~ive steps gives rite to certain advantages. In particular effective side~tream smoke reduction and fire resistance can be achieved using low concentration ox burn rate reducer in solution or pension Porosity control can be achieved by partially covering the cigarette paper with a burn rate reducer in one step and Good ~idestream smoke reduction and wire resistance is injured by applying a burn rate retardant in a very low concentration over the entire area of the paper in a separate step. Desirably, although not newsreel, the partial coverage step it carried out by application of the burn rate reducer to the side of the paper which ultimately face the tobacco, as this royalty in a cigarette having a better appearance.
Examples of multiple~3tep treatment include the following:
-:
3~2~
Cigarette paper for a low tar cigarette, with a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight ox 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a suspension of about 13~ non-fat dry milk over 54~ of the area of the paper on one side in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4.5 mm. wide with a spacing of 3.8 mm. Following drying, the opposite side of the paper was treated with a susperlsion of about 1b Nanette dry milk. The results were very similar to those produced in EXAMPLE 59. The partially treated side was toward the tobacco.
Cigarette paper in a low tar cigarette with a 15 Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a suspension of 13~ non-fat dry milk to one side ox the paper in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4.5 mm. wide with a spacing of 3.8 mm. Following drying, the tame wide of the paper was treated with a 2.8~ of non fat dry milk over it entire area. The cigarette way formed with the treated wide ox the paper on the outside.
Side stream smoke reduction was satisfactory but the cigarette failed the fire resistance test.
Jo Treatment was the tame as in EXAMPLE 75 except that the concentration of the suspension in the second step was 4.8~. Side stream smoke reduction way satisfactory, and the cigarette passed the fire resistance test, .:
I
Treatment was the tame as in EXAMPLES 75 and 76 except that the concentration in the first step way 11.1~ and in the second step was 6.99~. Side~tream smoke reduction way even better than in EXAMPLES 75 and 76 and fire resistance was better than EXAMPLE 76 in that charring of the test material was noticeably let The following examples pertain to multiple treatments of cigarette paper with solutions of lo magnesium acetate.
Cigarette paper in low tar cigarette with a Renoir porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and a awoke content ox 25% way treated by applying a solution of 20% magnesium acetate in longitudinal stripes 4.5 my wide with a spacing of 3,8 mm " i.e.
over 54~ of the wrapper area. Following drying, a I
solution of magnesium acetate way applied to the tame wide of the paper over it entire area. The cigarette way formed with the treated side of the paper on the outside. This cigarette jailed the fire resistance Tut; but exhibited satisfactory side~tream smoke reduction.
Treatment was the same as in EXAMPLE 78 except that the concentration in the partial coverage step way 20~ and the concentration in the pull coverage step way 13% . This cigarette exhibited satisfactory sid~tream move reduction and passed the fire resistance test.
on The difference between EXAMPLES 78 and 79 is that EXAMPLE 78'~ second step used 9.9~ magnesium acetate and the cigarette did not pays the fire :
` ` :
~33-resistance text. EXAMPLE 79 increased the concentration in the second step to 13~, and the cigarette pasted both side stream and fire resistance tests.
Partial coverage of the inside ox a cigarette wrapper and pull coverage of the outside, using magnesium acetate produces good results as demonstrated by the following example.
Cigarette paper in a low tar cigarette with a - 10 Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2, and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a solution of 26S magnesium acetate to one wide of the paper in longitudinal lines 4.5 mm. wide with a 3.8 mm.
spacing. Following drying the opposite side of the paper was treated by applying a solution of 9.9~ over its entire area. The cigarette was formed with the partially treated wide toward the tobacco. This cigarette exhibited satisfactory side stream smoke reduction and paused the fire resistance test.
Sugars can be used a urn ratereducer~ a illustrated by the following table of example. In these example, the paper porosity way 20 second! the awoke content was 25% and the weight of the paper wag 24 jimmy. The entire area of the paper was soaked in an aqueous 901ution of the designated sugar in the concentration indicated. The paper was then allowed to dry, and wire resistance and side stream smoke tests wore carried out. In the examples designated by numbers, the paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco. In the example donated by numbers followed by letters, the paper was treated while separate from the tobacco, ':
~34-Side stream Fire Examples Sugar Concentrations Reduction Resistance 81 Dextrose 30~ Yes No 82 Dextrose 50% Yes Yes S 83 Sucrose 30~ Yes No 84 Sucrose 50% Yes Yes Maltose 20~ Yes No 86 Maltose 25~ Yes Yes 87 Maltose 35~ Yes Yes AYE Dextrose 20~ Yes No 81B Dextrose 30% Yes Yes AYE Sucrose 20 to 23~ Yes No AYE Maltose 16.6 to 19.3~ Yes Yes 85B Maltose 20.63~ Yes Yes In each of these examples, the cigarette produced a white ash within acceptable appearance.
Thy practical upper limit for sugar concentration it about 60~, because highly concentrated sugar solution are hard to dry and tacky.
In the cave of sucrose, in concentrations in excess of the 23% concentration in EXAMPLE AYE, the paper became dl~colored adjacent to the burning coal.
Thus, it was not possible Jo obtain both side stream smoke reduction and fire resistance with an aqueous solution of sucrose alone in a cigarette in which the paper is treated separately from the tobacco. The same discoloration has been observed with high concentrations of maltose. The problem of discoloration can be avoided by using mixtures of sucrose and other burn rate retardants, e.g. 15.7~ sucrose and 5.88~ citric acid, or ` .
by applying sucrose in two separate treatment steps, e.g. 7% sucrose in each step, with drying following each step. Sucrose can be applied in an alcohol solution, in which cave good results can be achieved using comparatively low concentrations, e.g. 11.2~ sucrose in 94.4~ ethyl alcohol.
Sugar solutions may be applied in two steps, with the coverage in one of the steps being partial.
Examples are a follow:
Cigarette paper for a low tar cigarette having a porosity of 20 seconds, a Cook content of 25S and a weight of 24 my wag treated with a solution of 50~
dextrose over r5~ ox its area in longitudinal stripes 6 mm. wide with 2 mm. spacings between the. The paper way dried and then treated over its entire area with a - 33% solution ox sucrose and again dried. A cigarette with the treated paper a a wrapper exhibited good gidestream smoke reduction and pasted the fire resistance text.
Thi~axample is similar to EXAMPLE 88 except that maltose Was used instead of dextrose. The royalty were similar to those in EXAMPLE 88.
The treatment was similar to that in EXAMPLES
88 and 8g except that the treating solution in both steps was 33 1/3~ sucrose. The results were similar to those in EXAMPLES 88 and 89.
The lower concentration limit or each ox the treatment Stffp9 in multiple treatments using sugars it dependent on the concentration in the other Beep.
I I
I
However, in general the luger limit of concentration for the partial treatment step is about 30~ while the lower limit of concentration for the full treatment step it around 20%.
An additional layer of conventiollal cigarette paper can be used to improve the performance of a cigarette using low-porosity paper or of a cigarette using treated high-porosity paper. The use of an additional layer of cigarette paper in a cigarette I having low-porosity paper is illustrated by the hollowing example:
This cigarette had an inner wrapper having the following characteristic Weight 24 g/m2 Cook: 20~
Porosity: 50 sec.
The outer wrapper way in clove contact with the inner wrapper and consisted of high-porosity cigarette paper 2Q having the following characteristics:
Weight: about 24 g/m2 Cook about 25%
Pro fly: 20 eke.
This cigarette exhibited substantially improved fire resistance, and produced substantially let ~ldestream smoke than the cigarette of EXAMPLE 3, which had a jingle low-poro~ity wrapper.
The use of an additional wrapper Allah improve the performance of a cigarette having specially treated cigarette paper a illustrated by the following example.
I Al In this example, the inner wrapper consisted of cigarette paper having a porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~, soaked in a 4.5% solution of magnesium citrate (Mg3(C6HsO7)2).
The outer wrapper consisted of similar paper without magnesium citrate. The outer wrapper and inner wrapper were in clove contact with each other. This cigarette produced good fire resistance and good side stream smoke reduction. When this example is compared with EXAMPLE
22, it will be teen that the outer wrapper has the effect Or reducing the concentration of the burn rate-reducing substance required to achieve wire resistance and sidestrea~ smoke reduction.
I have found that the inclusion ox an additional wrapper improved the performance of cigarettes using burn rate-reducing substances other than magnesium citrate. I have also found that the treated wrapper can be placed on the outside, and the untreated wrapper on the inside without materially affecting the performance Or the cigarette. An additional wrapper can be used with a cigarette the wrapper of Wylie it treated over part of its area a described above, with similar improved results.
In all cases o r cigarettes which are treated with burn rate reducers in the group consisting ox citric acid, magn~slum citrate, magnesium acetate, tartarlc acid, aoetlc acid, lactic acid, a sugar, or a suspension of non-fat milk or skim milk, the concentrations of these primary burn rate reducing substances car be reduced without impairing performance it other burn rate reducing agents are prevent.
_~. .
Examples of applicable burn rate reducing agents which may be added are monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfa mate, boric acid, and sulfamic acid. For example, instead of using 22~ citric acid on a conventional porous 25 mm. cigarette, similar royalty in fire resistance, side stream reduction and ash coloration are produced by treating the cigarette wrapper with solution comprising about 9% citric acid and I ammonium ~ulfamate.
lo Burn raze reducers in the primary group (citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sugar, non-fat milk and skim milk) may Allah be used in combination a demonstrated by the following example.
lo EXAMPLE 93 A Wonton Little' cigarette wrapper was coated over its entire area with aqueous solution comprising satiric acid and I sucrose. The glower burn rate of the cigarette resulting from the treatment of the wrapper made it possible to reduce the length of the tobacco rod by 10 mm. from 53 mm. to 43 mug and to increase the length of the jilter by 10 mm. from 22 mm.
to 32 my Worry the original cigarette produced 8 puffs, the new cigarette produced 10 puffs. It passe the fire resistance test. Side stream smoke prom the new cigarette way faintly vl~ible. Ash coloration, puff volume and draw characteristics were similar to those of the original egret, and the taste was somewhat milder. The tree burn time of the new cigarette was about 3 minutes, and the linear burn rate was about 3 mm. per minute, a contrasted with a linear burn rate of about 5.3 mm. per minute for the original cigarette.
This was a reduction of about 43%, a 40~ reduction being a desirable minimum degree of reduction.
Another Winston Light cigarette wrapper was S treated over it entire area with an aqueous solution of I magnesium citrate and 12.2~ citric acid. This cigarette produced low ~idestream smoke and good fire resistance The tobacco rod was 15 mm. shorter than that of a conventional Winston Light cigarette, while lo the filter way 15 my longer. The cigarette produced 14 puffs. Taste was satiqfae'cory. Ash coloration, puff volume and draw characteri~ticq were similar to those of the original cigarette. The free burn time way approximately 3 minute and the linear burn rate was 1.7 Monet EXAMPLE go A Roth man Filter King cigarette way treated by removing the tobacco, applying to the entire ~urfaoe of the empty wrapper a mixture consisting of 4.2% Carnation I brand non-fat dried milk and 2.34~ powdered sucrose in water, allowing the paper to dry, and replacing the tobacco. The tobacco rod wag 58 mm. in length and the filter and tipping paper took up 25 mm. The dry weight gain of the paper was 5 my. The cigarette exhibited normal paper color and adequate draw characteristic.
The paper was lightly glazed on its surface, and was somewhat stiffer than the untreated paper. The ash way firm and capable of being flicked off normally The cigarette exhibited excellent fire ruttiness, leaving I only a stain on cotton fabric in the fire ricketiness test It delivered fourteen puff a compared with eleven puffs from the untreated cigarette The static .
free burn time way between six and eight minutes.
Side stream smoke was substantially reduced. Tar was about the same as with the untreated cigarette, but the taste was milder with noticeably lest bite. Mixture of
5 non-fat dry milk with other sugars such a maltose are also acceptable. Tar yield can easily be reduced by using a perforated or porous jilter paper or by shortening the tobacco rod by about 5 to 10 mm. while lengthening the filter correspondingly. Shortening the 10 tobacco rod reduce the number of available puffs back to the normal number, typically eleven The ability to shorten the tobacco rod and lengthen the jilter, mentioned in the last three examples, applies to all cigarettes in which the linear 15 burn rate it reduced by treatment of the wrapper or by use of a special wrapper. Although the slower burn rate in some kiwi may produce a greater quantity ox tar, the greater length of the filter compensate for the increase in tar with the result that the smoke delivered 20 to the smoker has a lower quantity ox tar in each puff Still further reductions may be achieved by treating only part of the wrapper area as explained above with reference to EXAMPLES 42-900
Claims (13)
1. A cigarette comprising a charge of tobacco in a wrapper of cigarette paper having a Greiner porosity of about 50 or more seconds and a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter, said paper being substantially free of burn accelerator other than filler and having a filler content in the range of approximately 15 to 22 percent.
2. A cigarette according to claim 1 in which the wrapper is prepared by coating at least part of the surface of said cigarette paper with water or ethyl alcohol and thereafter drying said cigarette paper.
3. A cigarette according to claim 1 in which the wrapper is prepared by depositing a linear burn rate-reducing substance in or on the paper by coating at least part of the surface of the paper with a solution or suspension of said substance.
4. A cigarette according to claim 1 in which the wrapper is prepared by depositing a linear burn rate reducing substance in or on the paper by coating at least part of the surface of the paper with a solution of citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid or a sugar, or a suspension of non-fat milk or skim milk.
5. A cigarette according to claim 1 having an additional layer of paper in contact with substantially the entire surface area of said wrapper on one side thereof, said additional layer of paper being a cigarette wrapper having a Greiner porosity of about 10 to 40 seconds, a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter, and a filler content in the range of approximately 22 to 35 percent.
6. The process of making a cigarette wrapper comprising coating, with water or in ethyl alcohol, at least part of the surface of a cigarette paper having a Greiner porosity of about 50 or more seconds and a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter, said paper being substantially free of burn accelerator other than filler and having a filler content in the range of approximately 15 to 22 percent.
7. The process according to claim 6 including the step of bringing into contact with the surface of said cigarette paper an additional layer of paper, said additional layer of paper being a cigarette wrapper having a Greiner porosity of about 10 to 40 seconds, a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter, and a filler content in the range of approximately 22 to 35 percent.
8. The process according to claim 6 in which the water or ethyl alcohol carries a linear burn rate-reducing substance and in which the linear burn rate-reducing substance is deposited on or in the paper.
9. The process according to claim 6 in which the water or ethyl alcohol carries a linear burn rate-reducing substance from the group consisting of citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, a sugar, non-fat milk and skim milk, and in which the linear burn rate-reducing substance is deposited on or in the paper.
10. The process of making a cigarette wrapper comprising coating with a treating liquid at least part of the surface of a cigarette paper having a Greiner porosity of about 10 to 40 seconds, a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter, and a filler content in the range of approximately 22 to 35 percent, the treating liquid being a solution of citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid or a sugar or a suspension of non-fat milk or skim milk.
11. The process according to claim 10 including the step of bringing into contact with the surface of said cigarette paper an additional layer of paper, said additional layer of paper being a cigarette wrapper having a Greiner porosity of about 10 to 40 seconds, a weight between about 10 and 35 grams per square meter, and a filler content in the range of approximately 22 to 35 percent.
12. The process according to claim 10 in which only part of the surface area of the cigarette paper is coated with the treating liquid.
13. The process according to claim 10 in which said soaking step is carried out by the step of applying said treating liquid to a sheet of said cigarette paper over only a part of its surface area, and by the step of treating substantially the entire area of the sheet with a treating liquid, said last-mentioned treating liquid being a solution of citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid or a sugar, or a suspension of non-fat milk or skim milk.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46042383A | 1983-01-24 | 1983-01-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1211021A true CA1211021A (en) | 1986-09-09 |
Family
ID=23828648
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000455880A Expired CA1211021A (en) | 1983-01-24 | 1984-06-05 | Treatment of cigarette paper |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0175684B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61501546A (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2813184A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1211021A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1985004080A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003088771A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-30 | Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, Inc. | A low ignition propensity cigarette having oxygen donor metal oxide in the cigarette wrapper |
| US8678016B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2014-03-25 | Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, Inc. | Low sidestream smoke cigarette with combustible paper |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2572488B2 (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1997-01-16 | ロスマンズ，ベンソン アンド ヘッジズ インコーポレイテッド | Cigarette with low sidestream smoke (leakage of smoke) |
| NO177624C (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1995-10-25 | Philip Morris Prod | Paper cover for a smoking article and its use |
| US5094253A (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1992-03-10 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Dye for coloring cigarette paper |
| US5168884A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-12-08 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Smoking articles using novel paper wrapper |
| GB9122935D0 (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1991-12-18 | Rothmans Benson & Hedges | Novel cigarette system |
| US5254092A (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1993-10-19 | American Medical Systems, Inc. | Fluid flow check valve |
| TR28750A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1997-02-28 | Rothmans Benson & Hedges | A new cigarette structure that allows individual cigarettes to be partially smoked, extinguished and then reintroduced. |
| TR26626A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-03-15 | Rothmans Benson And Hedges Inc | NEW VERY SOFT SMOKING SYSTEM. |
| US6779530B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2004-08-24 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
| PH12014000291A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-05-02 | Glatz Julius Gmbh | Tobacco product wrapping material with controlled burning properties |
| EP2898784B1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2018-05-30 | Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH | Filter cigarette |
| KR101926724B1 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2019-03-07 | 주식회사 케이티앤지 | Coating composition of low ignition propensity cigarette paper, cigarette using the same, and fabricating method of low ignition propensity cigarette paper |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE400863C (en) * | 1922-09-01 | 1924-08-23 | Otto Paul Koehre | Process for the production of cigarette paper |
| GB514605A (en) * | 1937-05-21 | 1939-11-13 | Akciova Spolecnost Pro Prumysl | A method of impregnating cigarette paper and cigarette sleeve tips and linings |
| US2738791A (en) * | 1951-08-30 | 1956-03-20 | Ecusta Paper Corp | Cigarette paper |
| US3633589A (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1972-01-11 | Wilhelm Kahane | Cigarette having composite wrapper construction |
| BE791758A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-05-22 | Olin Corp | CARBON-CHARGED ENVELOPE FOR SMOKING ARTICLE AND SMOKING ARTICLE WITH SUCH A ENVELOPE |
| JPS4941600A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-04-18 | ||
| US4044778A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1977-08-30 | Cohn Charles C | Cigarettes |
| US4129134A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1978-12-12 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Smoking article |
| US4146040A (en) * | 1977-03-17 | 1979-03-27 | Cohn Charles C | Cigarettes |
| US4231377A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-11-04 | Olin Corporation | Wrapper for smoking articles containing magnesium oxide |
| JPS55114279A (en) * | 1979-02-26 | 1980-09-03 | Tokyo Pipe Co Ltd | Tobacco controlling generation smoke * nicotine and tar |
| US4230131A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1980-10-28 | Eli Simon | Self-extinguishing cigarettes |
| FI70366C (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1986-09-19 | British American Tobacco Co | TOBAKSPRODUKT |
| US4453553A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-06-12 | Cohn Charles C | Treatment of cigarette paper |
-
1984
- 1984-03-14 JP JP59501535A patent/JPS61501546A/en active Pending
- 1984-03-14 EP EP84901502A patent/EP0175684B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-14 WO PCT/US1984/000384 patent/WO1985004080A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-03-14 AU AU28131/84A patent/AU2813184A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-06-05 CA CA000455880A patent/CA1211021A/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-12-05 AU AU26568/88A patent/AU601091B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8678016B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2014-03-25 | Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, Inc. | Low sidestream smoke cigarette with combustible paper |
| WO2003088771A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-30 | Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, Inc. | A low ignition propensity cigarette having oxygen donor metal oxide in the cigarette wrapper |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU601091B2 (en) | 1990-08-30 |
| AU2813184A (en) | 1985-10-11 |
| EP0175684A1 (en) | 1986-04-02 |
| EP0175684A4 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
| EP0175684B1 (en) | 1989-08-16 |
| AU2656888A (en) | 1989-03-23 |
| JPS61501546A (en) | 1986-07-31 |
| WO1985004080A1 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |