CA1205644A - Closing of mineshafts - Google Patents
Closing of mineshaftsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1205644A CA1205644A CA000435658A CA435658A CA1205644A CA 1205644 A CA1205644 A CA 1205644A CA 000435658 A CA000435658 A CA 000435658A CA 435658 A CA435658 A CA 435658A CA 1205644 A CA1205644 A CA 1205644A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mineshaft
- support members
- main member
- stabiliser
- gripping section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D7/00—Shaft equipment, e.g. timbering within the shaft
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
"Improvements relating to the closing of mineshafts"
The present specification discloses a method and apparatus for use in closing a mineshaft which is surrounded by soft ground. The method uses elongate support members which each comprise an elongate main member with a stabiliser leg depending from one end region and carrying a spreader plate. At the other end of the main member there is a gripping section.
In use the support members are located generally radially of the mineshaft with the stabiliser leg extending down the mineshaft and the spreader plate engaging the wall of the mineshaft. In this position the gripping section is embedded in the surrounding terrain. The support members then extend over the mineshaft and covering means in the form of concrete can be located on the support members to thus close the shaft; obviating collapse of the shaft walls.
"Improvements relating to the closing of mineshafts"
The present specification discloses a method and apparatus for use in closing a mineshaft which is surrounded by soft ground. The method uses elongate support members which each comprise an elongate main member with a stabiliser leg depending from one end region and carrying a spreader plate. At the other end of the main member there is a gripping section.
In use the support members are located generally radially of the mineshaft with the stabiliser leg extending down the mineshaft and the spreader plate engaging the wall of the mineshaft. In this position the gripping section is embedded in the surrounding terrain. The support members then extend over the mineshaft and covering means in the form of concrete can be located on the support members to thus close the shaft; obviating collapse of the shaft walls.
Description
~S~L4 - 1 ~
DESCRIPTION
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE CLOSING OF MINESHAFTS
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for use in closing dis-used mineshafts.
A closure for a mineshaft is disclosed in my British Patent No. 1 596 238. This closure basically comprises a stabiliser and a minecap. The stabiliser is usually a basket like framework which fits snugly-in the mineshaft and which can be filled with rocks or debris, if desired, the stabiliser plugging the shaft and reducing the possibility of the shaft caving-in. The minecap is located over the mouth of the shaft and may be integrall~ connected with the stabiliser or completely separate therefrom, as required.
The above mineshaft closure has been found to be perfectly satisfactory in all cases, though ingenuity has had to be used in certain installations to provide a satisfactory and stable closing of the shaft. This is especially the case when the shaft is irregular in shape, requiring the stabiliser to be deformed to fit the shaft
DESCRIPTION
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE CLOSING OF MINESHAFTS
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for use in closing dis-used mineshafts.
A closure for a mineshaft is disclosed in my British Patent No. 1 596 238. This closure basically comprises a stabiliser and a minecap. The stabiliser is usually a basket like framework which fits snugly-in the mineshaft and which can be filled with rocks or debris, if desired, the stabiliser plugging the shaft and reducing the possibility of the shaft caving-in. The minecap is located over the mouth of the shaft and may be integrall~ connected with the stabiliser or completely separate therefrom, as required.
The above mineshaft closure has been found to be perfectly satisfactory in all cases, though ingenuity has had to be used in certain installations to provide a satisfactory and stable closing of the shaft. This is especially the case when the shaft is irregular in shape, requiring the stabiliser to be deformed to fit the shaft
2~ and/or when the ground surrounding the mouth of the shaft -~s soft and it is impractical to dig away the soft surround until hard rock or strata is reached. Up until now, in such latter cases the stailiser has been sunk down the shaft until the rocky mouth of the shaft is reached, and the minecap is located at some distance above the stabiliser, on the shaft mouth formed by the surrounding sot a,round~ In certain circumstances this can be a difficult installation to complete perfectly satisfactorily.
~, ,, , ...... _ .
~;~85644 The aim oE the present invention is to provide a mineshaft closure method and apparatus which can be applied to all situations but which is especially advantageous when used to close a mineshaft which lS
S surrounded by soft earth and~or which has an irregular cross-section.
- According to the present invention there is provided a method of closing a mineshaft comprising the steps of securing a number o~ elongate support members-at spaced apart locations around a mineshaft opening with said elongate support members extending generally radially of said mineshaft opening, and locating - covering means on said support members to close the shaft.
~ccording to a further aspect of the present - invention there is provided apparatus for use in closing a mineshaf~, said apparatus comprising a number of elongate . support members which are adapted to each be secured to .
the ground around the mineshaft, generally radially of the 20 mineshaft, and covering means for locating over said support members to close the mineshaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the present inven-tion the elongate support members each comprise a main member having a la-terally projecting stabiliser leg located towards one end of the main member, which leg carrles a spreader plate o~ suitable proportions. A stay is preferably provided between the stabiliser leg and the main member to strengthen the construction. At the other end of the main me~ber, an acutely angled gripping section is provided so . .30 that with the main members located on the top o~ soft flat - ~;~5~4~
ground surrounding a mineshaft, the gripping section is embedde~ in the ground and the stabiliser leg projects down the mineshaft with the spreader plate against the wall of the mineshaft. Preferably a stabiliser member is secured to the main member and prevents the main member from rolling, the stabiliser member extending laterally to either side of the main member, substantially at ri~ht angles to the gripplng section and the stabiliser leg.
Each support member preferably extends substantially to the central region of the mineshaft and in the case of large dlameter mineshafts, preferably two or more of the support members are bolted together in the central region of the mineshaft. Further the support members-are preferably embedded in concrete to - 15 sec~re them in position.
- Whilst the support members are preferably made of steel of any desired transverse cross-section, the support members may alternatively be made of rein-forced concrete~or a combination of concrete and steel.
With the support members in position extending - generally radially of the mineshaft, covering means, preferably in the form of one or more concrete slabs, are located on top of the support members to close off the mineshaft.
Ihe weight of the or each concrete slab is supported by the support members by virtue of the spreader plates engaging the wall of the mineshaft and the ~ripping section gripping in the soft surrounding earth. Whilst the spreader plate may be weldPd to -the stabiliser leg, ` ~ ~ it may alternatively be bolted and/or adjustable on ....... , . = .. ., . ,, = . , . j . . , .. , .,, . , , . _ .
_ A _ _ - ~IL2~S64~
the stabiliser leg to allow for adjustment dependent upon the nature of the shaft wall e.g the spreader plate position can be adjusted to avoid a projecting stone.
Any alternative suitable covering means can of course be used and to improve the construction, a minecap, preferably in the form disclosed in my British Patent Specification No. 1 586 238, can be installed in the mouth of the mineshaft under the support members, the minecap being carried on adjustable feet carried by 1~ the stabiliser legs. The minecap, when used, is covered with an expanded steel mesh, concreted over, which thus ~orms a dome-shaped plug which further st~hi~ s the mouth of the shaft, reducing the possibility of a cave-in.
: To allow for subsequent access to the shaft the covering means and minecap can easily be provided with a manhole.
The present invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the - accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig.~l is a perspective view of a preferred - embodiment of a support member for use in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of part of a mineshaft illustrating the support member of Fig. 1 in the installed position;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a minesha~t with a single support member in position in accord with the present invention; and . . ~
~2 1~S6~4 Fig. 4 lS a similar view to Fig. 2 with a minecap in position in the mouth of the shaft.
A support member 1 for use in the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The support member 1 comprises an elongate main member 3 from one end of which depends a gripping section S which i5 angled acutely to the main member 3. Towàrds said o~e end of the main member is a stabiliser member 7 which extends laterally to each side of the main member
~, ,, , ...... _ .
~;~85644 The aim oE the present invention is to provide a mineshaft closure method and apparatus which can be applied to all situations but which is especially advantageous when used to close a mineshaft which lS
S surrounded by soft earth and~or which has an irregular cross-section.
- According to the present invention there is provided a method of closing a mineshaft comprising the steps of securing a number o~ elongate support members-at spaced apart locations around a mineshaft opening with said elongate support members extending generally radially of said mineshaft opening, and locating - covering means on said support members to close the shaft.
~ccording to a further aspect of the present - invention there is provided apparatus for use in closing a mineshaf~, said apparatus comprising a number of elongate . support members which are adapted to each be secured to .
the ground around the mineshaft, generally radially of the 20 mineshaft, and covering means for locating over said support members to close the mineshaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the present inven-tion the elongate support members each comprise a main member having a la-terally projecting stabiliser leg located towards one end of the main member, which leg carrles a spreader plate o~ suitable proportions. A stay is preferably provided between the stabiliser leg and the main member to strengthen the construction. At the other end of the main me~ber, an acutely angled gripping section is provided so . .30 that with the main members located on the top o~ soft flat - ~;~5~4~
ground surrounding a mineshaft, the gripping section is embedde~ in the ground and the stabiliser leg projects down the mineshaft with the spreader plate against the wall of the mineshaft. Preferably a stabiliser member is secured to the main member and prevents the main member from rolling, the stabiliser member extending laterally to either side of the main member, substantially at ri~ht angles to the gripplng section and the stabiliser leg.
Each support member preferably extends substantially to the central region of the mineshaft and in the case of large dlameter mineshafts, preferably two or more of the support members are bolted together in the central region of the mineshaft. Further the support members-are preferably embedded in concrete to - 15 sec~re them in position.
- Whilst the support members are preferably made of steel of any desired transverse cross-section, the support members may alternatively be made of rein-forced concrete~or a combination of concrete and steel.
With the support members in position extending - generally radially of the mineshaft, covering means, preferably in the form of one or more concrete slabs, are located on top of the support members to close off the mineshaft.
Ihe weight of the or each concrete slab is supported by the support members by virtue of the spreader plates engaging the wall of the mineshaft and the ~ripping section gripping in the soft surrounding earth. Whilst the spreader plate may be weldPd to -the stabiliser leg, ` ~ ~ it may alternatively be bolted and/or adjustable on ....... , . = .. ., . ,, = . , . j . . , .. , .,, . , , . _ .
_ A _ _ - ~IL2~S64~
the stabiliser leg to allow for adjustment dependent upon the nature of the shaft wall e.g the spreader plate position can be adjusted to avoid a projecting stone.
Any alternative suitable covering means can of course be used and to improve the construction, a minecap, preferably in the form disclosed in my British Patent Specification No. 1 586 238, can be installed in the mouth of the mineshaft under the support members, the minecap being carried on adjustable feet carried by 1~ the stabiliser legs. The minecap, when used, is covered with an expanded steel mesh, concreted over, which thus ~orms a dome-shaped plug which further st~hi~ s the mouth of the shaft, reducing the possibility of a cave-in.
: To allow for subsequent access to the shaft the covering means and minecap can easily be provided with a manhole.
The present invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the - accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig.~l is a perspective view of a preferred - embodiment of a support member for use in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of part of a mineshaft illustrating the support member of Fig. 1 in the installed position;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a minesha~t with a single support member in position in accord with the present invention; and . . ~
~2 1~S6~4 Fig. 4 lS a similar view to Fig. 2 with a minecap in position in the mouth of the shaft.
A support member 1 for use in the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The support member 1 comprises an elongate main member 3 from one end of which depends a gripping section S which i5 angled acutely to the main member 3. Towàrds said o~e end of the main member is a stabiliser member 7 which extends laterally to each side of the main member
3 and at right angles to said gripping section 5.
Towards the other end of the main member 3, a stabiliser leg 9 depends and carries a spreader plate 11. The spreader pla~e 11 may be welded to the stablliser leg 9, bolted thereto or attached thereto in some other way.
Further, the spreader plate ll can be adjustable on the stabiliser leg 9. A stay 13 extends between the stabiliser leg 9 and the main member 3 to strengthen the construction.
Whilst the illustrated support member 1 is made of steel of channel cross-section, the support member can alternatively be made of steel of any other suitable transverse cross-section, or reinforced concrete, or a combination of steel and concrete.
In use, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings, the support members 1 are each arranged generally radially of the mineshaft M with the spreader plate 11 engaging against the mineshaft wall W
and the gripping section 5 embedded in the soft ground - , ~- . . ..
~Z~5~
surrounding the mineshaft M. In this position, the stab-iliser member 7 lies flat on the ground and prevents the support mem~er from twisting. If required, the surrounding ground can be dug away and filled with concrete to thus embed the support member in concrete. Further, if the spreader plate 11 is adjustable on the stabiliser leg 9, the position of the spreader plate can be adjusted to select the best part of the mineshaft wall W, against which it will en~age e.g. projecting stones can be avoided.
As shown in Fig. 3, the support members 1 each extend to approximately the central region of the mineshaEt and in the case of a large diameter mineshaft, the free - end regions of two or more support members can be connected together e.g. they can be bolted to an interconnecting plate (not shown).
With the support members 1 in position like the spokes of a wheel, the ~.ineshaft M can be closed by placing covering means thereover i.e. ~y locating a slab or slabs 15 of concrete on the support members 1. The support members 1 take the weight of the concrete slabs 1 as the spreader plates 11 press against the mineshaft wall W
and the acutely an~led gripping sections5 grip the surrounding earth.
To further enhance the mineshaft closure a minecap 17 ~see Fig. 4) preferably constructed as per my British Patent Specification No. 1 586 238, is located on adjustable feet 19 on the stabiliser , 56~
legs 9, within the mouth of the mineshaft M. The minecap 17 is then covered with expanding steel mesh forming a dome shaped plug covered with concrete, which further stabilises the mineshaft reducing the likelihood of a cave-in.
To allow for future access to the mineshaft M~
manholes can be simply provided in the covering means e,g. concrete slabs 15.
The pres~nt invention thus provides a slmple method and apparatus for closing a mineshaft. Whereas the mineshaft closure as disclosed in my British Patent Specification No. 1 586 238 has to be custom built to the shape of a particular mineshaft, and is best suited to regular shaped e.g. circular, rectangular etc, mineshafts, it makes no difference with the present invention, what the shape the mineshaft takes. The mineshaft can be as irregularly shaped in horizontal cross-section, as is conce~vable and the present invention will satisfactorily close off the shaft. Also ~ e present invention is especially advantageous on soft ground areas.
Towards the other end of the main member 3, a stabiliser leg 9 depends and carries a spreader plate 11. The spreader pla~e 11 may be welded to the stablliser leg 9, bolted thereto or attached thereto in some other way.
Further, the spreader plate ll can be adjustable on the stabiliser leg 9. A stay 13 extends between the stabiliser leg 9 and the main member 3 to strengthen the construction.
Whilst the illustrated support member 1 is made of steel of channel cross-section, the support member can alternatively be made of steel of any other suitable transverse cross-section, or reinforced concrete, or a combination of steel and concrete.
In use, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings, the support members 1 are each arranged generally radially of the mineshaft M with the spreader plate 11 engaging against the mineshaft wall W
and the gripping section 5 embedded in the soft ground - , ~- . . ..
~Z~5~
surrounding the mineshaft M. In this position, the stab-iliser member 7 lies flat on the ground and prevents the support mem~er from twisting. If required, the surrounding ground can be dug away and filled with concrete to thus embed the support member in concrete. Further, if the spreader plate 11 is adjustable on the stabiliser leg 9, the position of the spreader plate can be adjusted to select the best part of the mineshaft wall W, against which it will en~age e.g. projecting stones can be avoided.
As shown in Fig. 3, the support members 1 each extend to approximately the central region of the mineshaEt and in the case of a large diameter mineshaft, the free - end regions of two or more support members can be connected together e.g. they can be bolted to an interconnecting plate (not shown).
With the support members 1 in position like the spokes of a wheel, the ~.ineshaft M can be closed by placing covering means thereover i.e. ~y locating a slab or slabs 15 of concrete on the support members 1. The support members 1 take the weight of the concrete slabs 1 as the spreader plates 11 press against the mineshaft wall W
and the acutely an~led gripping sections5 grip the surrounding earth.
To further enhance the mineshaft closure a minecap 17 ~see Fig. 4) preferably constructed as per my British Patent Specification No. 1 586 238, is located on adjustable feet 19 on the stabiliser , 56~
legs 9, within the mouth of the mineshaft M. The minecap 17 is then covered with expanding steel mesh forming a dome shaped plug covered with concrete, which further stabilises the mineshaft reducing the likelihood of a cave-in.
To allow for future access to the mineshaft M~
manholes can be simply provided in the covering means e,g. concrete slabs 15.
The pres~nt invention thus provides a slmple method and apparatus for closing a mineshaft. Whereas the mineshaft closure as disclosed in my British Patent Specification No. 1 586 238 has to be custom built to the shape of a particular mineshaft, and is best suited to regular shaped e.g. circular, rectangular etc, mineshafts, it makes no difference with the present invention, what the shape the mineshaft takes. The mineshaft can be as irregularly shaped in horizontal cross-section, as is conce~vable and the present invention will satisfactorily close off the shaft. Also ~ e present invention is especially advantageous on soft ground areas.
Claims (13)
1. A method of closing a mineshaft comprising the steps of embedding a gripping section of a number of elongate support members in the region around a mineshaft opening, at spaced apart locations, with said elongate support members extending generally radially of said mineshaft opening, and locating covering means on said support members to close the shaft.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the elongate support members each comprise a main member having a laterally projecting stabiliser leg which carries a spreader plate, and which is located towards one end of the main member, the gripping section being located at the other end region of the main member, said method further including the steps of embedding the gripping section in the ground surrounding the mineshaft so that the spreader plate engages against the wall of the mineshaft.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the support members are embedded in concrete.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a minecap is located over the mineshaft opening prior to the location of the covering means.
5. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the support members are secured together in the central region of the mineshaft.
6. Apparatus for use in closing a mineshaft comprising a number of elongate support members which are adapted to each be secured to the ground around the mineshaft, generally radially of the mineshaft, and covering means for locating over said support members.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each support member comprises an elongate main member having a laterally projecting stabiliser leg located towards one end of the main member, which leg carries a spreader plate, a gripping section acutely angled to the main member, being provided at the other end region of the main member.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a stabiliser member extends laterally to each side of the main member substantially at right angles to the gripping section and stabiliser leg.
9. Apparatus according to claim 6, 7, or 8 in which said covering means is formed by concrete.
10. Apparatus according to claim 7, further including a minecap which is carried by the stabiliser legs of the respective support members.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the minecap is covered in steel mesh.
12. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the support members are made of steel.
13. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the support members are made of reinforced concrete.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8319193 | 1983-07-15 | ||
| GB08319193A GB2143266B (en) | 1983-07-15 | 1983-07-15 | Improvements relating to the closing of mineshafts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1205644A true CA1205644A (en) | 1986-06-10 |
Family
ID=10545784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000435658A Expired CA1205644A (en) | 1983-07-15 | 1983-08-30 | Closing of mineshafts |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1205644A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2143266B (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1154880A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1969-06-11 | Cementation Company Africa Ltd | Method of and means for Plugging Underground Cavities |
-
1983
- 1983-07-15 GB GB08319193A patent/GB2143266B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-08-30 CA CA000435658A patent/CA1205644A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8319193D0 (en) | 1983-08-17 |
| GB2143266B (en) | 1986-08-06 |
| GB2143266A (en) | 1985-02-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |