CA1205406A - Retorting extractor of hydrocarbons from any solid material especially tar sand, and the process of extraction - Google Patents
Retorting extractor of hydrocarbons from any solid material especially tar sand, and the process of extractionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1205406A CA1205406A CA000446518A CA446518A CA1205406A CA 1205406 A CA1205406 A CA 1205406A CA 000446518 A CA000446518 A CA 000446518A CA 446518 A CA446518 A CA 446518A CA 1205406 A CA1205406 A CA 1205406A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- retorting
- loading
- drag
- unloading
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C3/00—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen
- C10C3/007—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen winning and separation of asphalt from mixtures with aggregates, fillers and other products, e.g. winning from natural asphalt and regeneration of waste asphalt
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention offers a new kind of retorting extractor which consists of the retorting tube which is installed in the furnace and it is heated by means of the burner.
The tar-sand, or any other material containing the bitumen is loaded through the loading chute, situated on one end of the retorting tube, and the material is pushed through the whole length of the retorting tube, by the drag chain which moves inside the retorting tube. The process of the extraction ends at the other end of the retorting tube, where the material (sand) free from the bitumen is unloaded into the drive chamber and it is evacuated out of the extractor though the unloading chute, which is located at the bottom of the drive chamber.
The bitumen extracted from the solid material, flows through the manifold, welded to the top of the retorting tube, out of the extractor.
The drag chain is driven by the drive sprocket, or by the drive system, consisting of the drive chain and two secondary sprokets, which are located in the drive chamber. The drive chain returns from the drive chamber through the return tube into the return chamber, where the idle sprocket re-directs the drag chain back into the retorting tube.
The retorting extractor is practically air-tight: the retorting tube and the return tube are welded, or bolted to drive chamber, and to the return chamber, and the loading chute is also welded, or bolted to the retorting tube. Both loading and unloading chutes are equiped each with two gates, and during loading, or unloading, before one of the gates opens, the other closes.
The invention offers a new kind of retorting extractor which consists of the retorting tube which is installed in the furnace and it is heated by means of the burner.
The tar-sand, or any other material containing the bitumen is loaded through the loading chute, situated on one end of the retorting tube, and the material is pushed through the whole length of the retorting tube, by the drag chain which moves inside the retorting tube. The process of the extraction ends at the other end of the retorting tube, where the material (sand) free from the bitumen is unloaded into the drive chamber and it is evacuated out of the extractor though the unloading chute, which is located at the bottom of the drive chamber.
The bitumen extracted from the solid material, flows through the manifold, welded to the top of the retorting tube, out of the extractor.
The drag chain is driven by the drive sprocket, or by the drive system, consisting of the drive chain and two secondary sprokets, which are located in the drive chamber. The drive chain returns from the drive chamber through the return tube into the return chamber, where the idle sprocket re-directs the drag chain back into the retorting tube.
The retorting extractor is practically air-tight: the retorting tube and the return tube are welded, or bolted to drive chamber, and to the return chamber, and the loading chute is also welded, or bolted to the retorting tube. Both loading and unloading chutes are equiped each with two gates, and during loading, or unloading, before one of the gates opens, the other closes.
Description
i4t~6 S P E C I F I C A T I O N
The invention pertains to the petroleum industry, especially to the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar-sanaO
Till now, from the excavated tar-sand, hydrocarbons are extracted by means of a costly process consisti~g of heating the tar-sand with steam , and treating the resulting slurry with the caustic soda which separates the tar from water, and the sand is precipitated gravitationally in the separa-tion vessels~ This process is very costly, it is characterized by a low efficiency (about 85%), and it pollutes the environment. Moreover to build an extraction plant of bitumen from tar-sand, according to the existing process, a very ~igh capital expenditure is needed.
The invention offers a new retorting extractor which extracts hydrocarbons from any solid material containing bitumen, and especially from tar-sand. The retorting extractor (which would be called later "extractor") will reduce many times the costs of extraction of the bitumen from tar-sand, per barrel of oil, as compared with the costs of extracting the bitumen from tar-sand, using the existing process. Also the implementation oE
the present invention for extraction of the bitumen from tar-sand should reduce many times the capital expenditure of building an extraction plant, as compared with costs of building an extraction plant, of t~e same capacity, which would use the existing process~ Finally -the implemen-tation of the present invention, would eliminate the pollution, created by the existing processes and methods of extracting the bitumen from tar-sand.
The primary goal of the invention is to provide a novel extractor for extraction of hydrocarbons from - tar-sands, still another objective of the invention is to provide a new extractor for extraction of hydrocarbons from oil shale.
The invention is illustrated by wa~ of example in accompanying diagramatic drawings oE which :
Fiq. 1 shows a longtitudal section along the centerline o~ the extractor, ~540~i Fiq. 2 shows a partial cross section along line A - A
through the extractor, i.e. it shows a cross section through the furnace and through the retorting tube that is located inside the furnace, Fiq. 3 shows a longtitudal section through the retorting tube only (detail drawing), Fiq._4 shows a partial lonytitudal section through the extractor, and precisely through the drive chamber, and it presents the alterante drive system of the drag chain.
The extractor is represented in its entirety in the Fig. 1 on which it is shown that the extractor consis-ts of the retorting tube 1, of the return tube 2, of the drive chamber 3, of the return chamber 4, and of the loading chute 5. The retorting tube 1, and the return tube 2, are bolted to the drive chamber 3, and to the return chamber 4 in a way to ensure airtight joints. ~lso the loading chute S is bolted to the loading channel 30 of the retorting tube l in such way that the joint should be airtight.
Moreover the loading chute 5 is equipped with two gates : the upper loading gate 6 and the lower loading gate 7, and at all times one ofthe gates the lower loading gate 7 or the upper loading gate 6 is closed.
And this means that while loading (tar-sand) before any of the gates opens the two gates must be closed.
The bottom of the drive chamber 3 forms the unloading chute 8 which is also equipped with two gates : the upper unloading gate 9 and the lower unloading gate 10.
~nd in this case too, in the process of unloading, both gates must be in a position closed, before any of them would open : i.e. at all times one of the gates - the upper unloading gate 9, or the lower unloading gate 10 must be closed.
The extracted hydrocarbons, in form of vapors are evacuated through the manifold ll which is welded to the evaporation top 12 that covers part of the retorting tube l.
To sum up, the extractor constitutes practically an airtight system and the only way the vapors of hydrocarbons could possibly escape from the extractor, , ~
-- 2 ~
)6 ls through the mani~old 11. The eventual losses of vapors of hydrocarbons through -the loading chute 5 during the operation of loading ofthe extractor (with tar-sand or other material) are reduced considerably because the loading chute 5 is equipped with the upper loading gate 6 and the lower gate 7, and at all times (also during the operation o~ loading) one of the gates is always closed. Also the losses of vapors o~
hydrocarbons through the unloading chute 8, during unloading of sand (or any other solid residue ) would be very small since at all times one of the gates : the upper unloading gate 9, or the lower unloading gate 10, is closed.
In order to reduce even more the inevitable leak through the closed gates, the fan 13 is connected to the end of the manifold 11 which creates a very low vacuum i.e. a negative pressure of about 10 cm oi wa-ter in the whole system of extractor : in the retorting tube 1, in the drive chamber 3, in the return chamber 4, and in the return tube 2. Consequently any possible leaks through the closed gates would result in leaks of the surrounding air into the extractor, rather than in lea]cs of the vapors of hydrocarbons out of the extractor~
In this airtight system o~ the extractor, there is installed a drag conveyer which consists 3~ the drag chain 14, of the drive sprocket 15~ and o~ the return sprocket 16.
The drive sprocket 15 is installed in the drive chamber 3 and the return sprocket 16 is ins~alled in the return chamber 4.
The drag chain 14 runs inside the retortlng tube 1, and it moves ~rom the loading chute 5 toward the drive chamber 3, where the drive sprocket 15 drives the drag chain 14, and the drag chain 14 returns through the return tube 2 into the return chamber 4, where the return sprocket 16 guides the drag chain 14 back into the retorting tube lo ~ n alternate system o~ driving the drag chain 14 is represented in Fig. 4, where there is shown a drive system, installed in the drive chamber 3, consisting of the drive chain 17, o~ the secondary drive sprocket 18, and o~ the secondary idle sprocket 19. While the secondary drive sprocket 18 drives thedrive chain 17, it is the drive`chain 17 which isengaged with the drag chain 14 that drives (pulls) the drag chain ~4.
~5406;
The drag chain 14 is composed of the drag plates 20. and of the drag links 21. The drag chain 14 is a two-strand type, i.e. with two drag lin]cs 21 welded to each drag plate 20, as it is shown in Fig~ 2. The drag chain may be also a one-strand type, with only one drag link 21 welded to each drag plate 20 (this one-strand type is not shown in the drawings).
The drag plates 20 are welded to the drag links 21 in such way that the drag plate 20 is perpendicular to the drag link 21. And if the drag chain 14 is a two-strand type, both drag links 21 are welded to each drag plate 20 in such way that both drag links 21 are perpendicular to the drag plate 20, and moreover both drag links 21 a~e parallel to each other~
The retorting tube 1 is placed inside a furnace 22~ where it is supported by means of legs 23. The retorting tube 1 is heated by means of a burner 24, while the combustion gases are evacuated from the furnace 22, through a flue 25.
The retorting tube is built in such way that the lower part of the retorting tube 1, consisting of the bottom 2 and of sides 27 is uniform, and of identical dimensions through the whole length of the retorting tube 1, and the inside dimensions of the lower part of the retorting tube 1 are such that the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14 fit tightly inside the lower part of the retorting tube 1, in order that the drag plates 20 could scrape the bottom 26, and the sides 27 of the retorting tube 1, to prevent any adherence of tar-sand or any other solid residue to the bottom 26 and to the sides 27 of the retorting tube 1. But at the same time there must be maintained a minimal clearance between the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, and the inside of the lower part of the retorting tube 1, i.e. the inside dimensions of the lower part of the retorting tube 1 must be larger than the over-all dimensions of the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, in order to ensure an unrestricted movement of the drag chain 14 inside the retorting tube 1.
But the upper part of the retorting tube 1 is different at different points of the length of the retorting tube.l :
the retorting tube 1 is equipped with a loading channel 30 which is located near this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the return chamber 4. The loading channel 30 ,:
~ 4 --~2~5~06 is ec~uipped with a flange 31 to which there is bolted the loading chute 5.
Between the loadin~ channel 30 and this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the return chamber 4, the ~etorting tube 1 is covered with a flat top 29. Also on the other side of the loading channel 30, the retorting tube 1 is covered with a flat top 29, which separates the loading channel 30 from the evaporation top 12. Finally between the other end of the evaporation top 12 and this end of the 10 retorting tube 1 that connects to the drive chamber 3, the retorting tube 1 is covered with a flat top 29.
The dimensions of the sides 27 of th~ retorting tube 1 are such that a flat top 29, welded to the top edge of the sides 27, is in such distance from the bottom 26 of the retorting tube 1 that the dimensions inside the retorting tube 1 between its bottom 26 and the flat top 29 is larger than the width of -the drag plates 20, i.e. it is larger than the height of the drag chain 14, by an amount of clearance, necessary to ensure an un-obstructed movement of the drag 20 chain 14 inside the retorting tube 1.
The function of the flat top 29, located at both ends of the retorting tube 1, is to prevent,- or to reduce an eventual flow of hydrocarbon vapors into the driva cha~er 30 and into the return chamber 4. But the unction of the flat top 29, located between the loading channel 30 and the evaporation top 12, is to prevent any accumulation of tar-sand above edge of the drag chain 14, and to ensure that the retorting tube 1 is filled with the -tar-sand in such way that the top surface of the tar-sand is always flush 30 with the upper edge of the drag chain 14, or below it.
The evaporation top 12 is built in such way that it is formed from two inclined plates or from one plate, bended in the middle forming two inclined planes, where the bottom edges of those plates are welded to the upper edges of the sides 27 of the retorting tube 1 or, as an alternate solution, the evaporation top 12 is formed of a curved plate, the bottom edges of which are welded to the upper edges of the sides 27 of the retorting -tube 1. But in both solutions, the manifold 11 is welded to the evaporation 40 top 12 in its highest points. Conse~uently the distance ~2~
between the highest points of the avaporation top 12 and the bottom 26 of the retorting tube 1 is couple times larger than the distance from the flat top 29 and the bottom 26 of -the retorting tube 1, As a result the evaporation top 12 is raised well above the upper edge of the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, i.e. the evaporation top 12 is raised well above the top surface of the tar-sand (or any other material) contained in the retortin~ tube 1.
And therefore between the evaporation top 12 and the upper edge of the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, i.e.
between the evaporation top 12 and the top surface of the tar-sand, or other processed material, there is created the evaporation space 28. One function of t~e evaporation space 28 is to channe-l the hydrocarbon vapors to the nozzles of the manifold 11, since the manifold 11 is welded to the evaporation top 12 in its highest points~in such way that ~e nozzles of the m~nifold 11 penetrate the evaporation top 12, to-ensure an un-obstructed passage of gases and vapors from the evaporation space 28 into the manifold 11.
To describe the other unction of the evaporation space some additional explanation would be necessary. It is obvious that during the process of evaporation of hydrocarbons, and during the process of thermal coking some partic~es of sand and dust, and other small particles of solids could be lifted above the top surface of the processed tar~sand by violent currents of vapors of hydrocarbons. And we can expect that the concentration of those small solid particles would decrease with increasing height above the top surface of the processed tar-sand (or other processed material).
As a result in the vinicity of the nozzles of the manifold 11 which are located high above the top surface of the processed tar-sand there would be a very low concentration of the solid particles, or even the atmosphere of hydrocarbons in the vinicity of nozzles of the manifold 11~ would be completely free from any solid particlesD Consequently the other function of the evaporation space 28 is to minimize the nu~er of solid particles drown into the manifold 11 with the vapors of hydrocarbons, or to completely eliminate their intake.
On both ends of the retorting tube 1 there are welded 40i the flanges 32, by means of which the retorting -tube 1 is bolted to the drive chamber 3 and to the return chamber 4.
The return tube 2 has too flanges welded on its both ends, and by means of those flanges the return tu~e 2 is bolted to the drive chamber 3 and to the return chamber 4.
The return tube ~ is of any cross-sectional shape but its internal dimensions must be larger than the over-all dimensions of the drag plates 20, in order to ensure an un-obstructed movement of the drag chain 14 inside the return tube 2.
All gates : the upper loading gate 6, the lower loading gate 7, the upper un-loading gate 9, and the lower un-loading gate 10 are operated by means of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, or by any mechanical means. The movement of opening and closing of those gates is controlled electronically in an automatic cycle which fulfills the necessary prerequisite that both loading gates, or both un-loading gates must be fully closed before any of them opens. The timing of the opening and closing o~ those gates is realised in function of time, or by any other method.
The extractor operates in the foll~ing way~ The solid material containing the bitumen or hydrocarbons (which would be later on referred as tar-sand) is loaded through the loading chute 5 in such way that the tar-sand ~alls down the loading chute 5 and it accumulates upon the lower loading gate 7 which is normally closed. As soon as the accumulation o~ the tar-sand is reaching a point that the tar-sand fills the space inside the loading chute 5 between the upper loading gate 6 and the lower loading gate 7, the upper loading gate 6 closes, and after a short period of time when both loading gates are fully closed, the lower loading gate 7 opens (while the upper loading gate 6 ramains closed) and the tar-sand falls down the loading channel 30, into the retorting tube 1. After that the lower loading gate 7 closes, and again after a short period of time when both loading gates are fully closed, the upper loading gate 6 opens, and after that tha cycle repeats. And the movement of tar-sand during the process of loading is indicated in - -5~(~G
Fig. 1 with arrows.
The tar~sand that falls from -the loading chute 5, through the loading channel 30, into the retorting tube 1, is trimmed by the flat top 29 located between the loading channel 30 and the evaporation top 12. The flat top 29t adjacent to the loading channel 30, restricts the height of the accumulation of the tar-sand in the retorting tube 1, and as a result the top sur~ace of the processed tar-sand is flush with the upper edge of the drag chain 14, or below it.
Inside the retorting tube 1, the tar-sand is pushed by the drag chain 14 in the direction from the loading channel 30 toward the drive chamber 3, as the arrow in FigO 1 indicates. Since the retorting tube 1 is located inside a furnace 22, where it is heated by means of a burner 24, the tar-sand in the retorting tube 1, is continuously heated to increasingly higher temperature, as it moves toward this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the drive chamber 3.
Consequently,the tar-sand contained inside the retorting tube 1 is subjected to the process of thermal e~traction, where first the lighter fractions of hydrocarbons evaporate, and later on, when the tar-sand is heated to even higher temperature the thermal cracking and thermal coking occurs, i.e. the heavier hydrocarbon molecules are broken into lighter cracked fractions, and the excess carbon forms a solid co]ce residue.
The hydrocarbon vapors, resulting from the process of evaporation, and from thermal cracking, and coking, rise above the surface of the tar-sand, and they accumulate in the evaporation space 28 which channels those hydrocarbon vapors to the nozzles of the manifold 11. But the violent release of hydrocarbon vapors can result in lifting some small particles of sand, dust, or other solids above the top surface of tar-sand, where those particles could be suspended in the atmosphere of hydrocarbon vapors.
And therefore the nozzles of the manifold 11 (which are welded to the evaporation top 12 in its highest points) are placed relatively high above the top surface of the tar-sand (i.e. high a ove the upper edge of the drag chain 14) where there would not be any solid particles suspended in the atmosphere of hydrocarbons, or their concentration would be minimal, and as result only a minimal amount of solid particles, if any, would enter into the manifold 11.
But in a case if some minimal amount of solid particles would enter into the manifold 11, the existing methods of filtration and precipitation could eliminate those solid ~particles from the hydrocarbon vapors~ before they would be condensated~ The fan 13, connected to the manifold 11, is expelli.ng the hydrocarbon vapors outside of the extractor, for further processing, and at the same time the fan 13 creates a very low vacuum in the whole system of the extractor, minimizing any eventual leaks of hydrocarbon vapors through closed gates.
When the tar-sand reaches this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the drive chamber 3, the process of extraction of this particular portion of tar-sand is already finished, and the solid residue of the thermal extraction -the sand contaminated with the coke - is dumped out of the retorting tube 1, into the drive chamber 3. The residue -- the sand falls down the drive chamber 3, as the arrows in Fig.l indicate, and the sand falls through the drag chain 14 returning to the return tube but the fact that the drag chain 14 is crossing the path of falling sand, does not obstruct the free fall of the sand to the bottom of the drive chamber 3~
The sand, discharged from the retorting tube 1, accumulates on the bottom of the drive chamber 3 which constitutes the entrance to the unloading chute 8, and which is ~ormally closed by the upper unloading gate 9. As soon as, enough sand accumulates on the bottom of ~he drive chamber 3, the lower unloading gate 10 closes, and later on, after a short period of time when both unloading gates are fully closed, the upper unloading gate 9 opens, the sand falls into the unloading chute 8, and when i'_ fills the unloading chute 8, the upper unloading gate 9 closes, -and again after a short period of time when both gates are fully closed, the lower unloading gate 10 opens (while the upper unloading gate 9 remains closed) and falls outside of the extractor. After that the cycle repeatsO
The drive sprocket 15 and the secondary drive sprocket 18 are driven by means of a motor and a transmission.
All components of the retorting tube 1 i.e. the bottom 26, the sides 27, the loading channel 30, the flat top 29, the evaporation top 12, the flange 31 o~ the load-ng chute 30, and the flanges 32 of the retorting tube 1 are welded in a way to ensure that the retorting tube would be airtight.
Also the return tube 2, the drive chamber 3 and the unloading chute 8, as well as the return vhamber 4, and the loading chute 5, all those components of the extractor are fabricated in a way that they are airtight.
All bolted joints of the retorting tube 1 with the drive chamber 3 and the return chamber ~ as well as the bolted joints o~ the return tube 2 with the drive chamber 3 and the return chamber 4, and the bolted joint of the loading chute 5 with the loading channel 30 of the retorting tube 1, are made in such way that the bolted joints are airtight in any operating temperature.
The invention pertains to the petroleum industry, especially to the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar-sanaO
Till now, from the excavated tar-sand, hydrocarbons are extracted by means of a costly process consisti~g of heating the tar-sand with steam , and treating the resulting slurry with the caustic soda which separates the tar from water, and the sand is precipitated gravitationally in the separa-tion vessels~ This process is very costly, it is characterized by a low efficiency (about 85%), and it pollutes the environment. Moreover to build an extraction plant of bitumen from tar-sand, according to the existing process, a very ~igh capital expenditure is needed.
The invention offers a new retorting extractor which extracts hydrocarbons from any solid material containing bitumen, and especially from tar-sand. The retorting extractor (which would be called later "extractor") will reduce many times the costs of extraction of the bitumen from tar-sand, per barrel of oil, as compared with the costs of extracting the bitumen from tar-sand, using the existing process. Also the implementation oE
the present invention for extraction of the bitumen from tar-sand should reduce many times the capital expenditure of building an extraction plant, as compared with costs of building an extraction plant, of t~e same capacity, which would use the existing process~ Finally -the implemen-tation of the present invention, would eliminate the pollution, created by the existing processes and methods of extracting the bitumen from tar-sand.
The primary goal of the invention is to provide a novel extractor for extraction of hydrocarbons from - tar-sands, still another objective of the invention is to provide a new extractor for extraction of hydrocarbons from oil shale.
The invention is illustrated by wa~ of example in accompanying diagramatic drawings oE which :
Fiq. 1 shows a longtitudal section along the centerline o~ the extractor, ~540~i Fiq. 2 shows a partial cross section along line A - A
through the extractor, i.e. it shows a cross section through the furnace and through the retorting tube that is located inside the furnace, Fiq. 3 shows a longtitudal section through the retorting tube only (detail drawing), Fiq._4 shows a partial lonytitudal section through the extractor, and precisely through the drive chamber, and it presents the alterante drive system of the drag chain.
The extractor is represented in its entirety in the Fig. 1 on which it is shown that the extractor consis-ts of the retorting tube 1, of the return tube 2, of the drive chamber 3, of the return chamber 4, and of the loading chute 5. The retorting tube 1, and the return tube 2, are bolted to the drive chamber 3, and to the return chamber 4 in a way to ensure airtight joints. ~lso the loading chute S is bolted to the loading channel 30 of the retorting tube l in such way that the joint should be airtight.
Moreover the loading chute 5 is equipped with two gates : the upper loading gate 6 and the lower loading gate 7, and at all times one ofthe gates the lower loading gate 7 or the upper loading gate 6 is closed.
And this means that while loading (tar-sand) before any of the gates opens the two gates must be closed.
The bottom of the drive chamber 3 forms the unloading chute 8 which is also equipped with two gates : the upper unloading gate 9 and the lower unloading gate 10.
~nd in this case too, in the process of unloading, both gates must be in a position closed, before any of them would open : i.e. at all times one of the gates - the upper unloading gate 9, or the lower unloading gate 10 must be closed.
The extracted hydrocarbons, in form of vapors are evacuated through the manifold ll which is welded to the evaporation top 12 that covers part of the retorting tube l.
To sum up, the extractor constitutes practically an airtight system and the only way the vapors of hydrocarbons could possibly escape from the extractor, , ~
-- 2 ~
)6 ls through the mani~old 11. The eventual losses of vapors of hydrocarbons through -the loading chute 5 during the operation of loading ofthe extractor (with tar-sand or other material) are reduced considerably because the loading chute 5 is equipped with the upper loading gate 6 and the lower gate 7, and at all times (also during the operation o~ loading) one of the gates is always closed. Also the losses of vapors o~
hydrocarbons through the unloading chute 8, during unloading of sand (or any other solid residue ) would be very small since at all times one of the gates : the upper unloading gate 9, or the lower unloading gate 10, is closed.
In order to reduce even more the inevitable leak through the closed gates, the fan 13 is connected to the end of the manifold 11 which creates a very low vacuum i.e. a negative pressure of about 10 cm oi wa-ter in the whole system of extractor : in the retorting tube 1, in the drive chamber 3, in the return chamber 4, and in the return tube 2. Consequently any possible leaks through the closed gates would result in leaks of the surrounding air into the extractor, rather than in lea]cs of the vapors of hydrocarbons out of the extractor~
In this airtight system o~ the extractor, there is installed a drag conveyer which consists 3~ the drag chain 14, of the drive sprocket 15~ and o~ the return sprocket 16.
The drive sprocket 15 is installed in the drive chamber 3 and the return sprocket 16 is ins~alled in the return chamber 4.
The drag chain 14 runs inside the retortlng tube 1, and it moves ~rom the loading chute 5 toward the drive chamber 3, where the drive sprocket 15 drives the drag chain 14, and the drag chain 14 returns through the return tube 2 into the return chamber 4, where the return sprocket 16 guides the drag chain 14 back into the retorting tube lo ~ n alternate system o~ driving the drag chain 14 is represented in Fig. 4, where there is shown a drive system, installed in the drive chamber 3, consisting of the drive chain 17, o~ the secondary drive sprocket 18, and o~ the secondary idle sprocket 19. While the secondary drive sprocket 18 drives thedrive chain 17, it is the drive`chain 17 which isengaged with the drag chain 14 that drives (pulls) the drag chain ~4.
~5406;
The drag chain 14 is composed of the drag plates 20. and of the drag links 21. The drag chain 14 is a two-strand type, i.e. with two drag lin]cs 21 welded to each drag plate 20, as it is shown in Fig~ 2. The drag chain may be also a one-strand type, with only one drag link 21 welded to each drag plate 20 (this one-strand type is not shown in the drawings).
The drag plates 20 are welded to the drag links 21 in such way that the drag plate 20 is perpendicular to the drag link 21. And if the drag chain 14 is a two-strand type, both drag links 21 are welded to each drag plate 20 in such way that both drag links 21 are perpendicular to the drag plate 20, and moreover both drag links 21 a~e parallel to each other~
The retorting tube 1 is placed inside a furnace 22~ where it is supported by means of legs 23. The retorting tube 1 is heated by means of a burner 24, while the combustion gases are evacuated from the furnace 22, through a flue 25.
The retorting tube is built in such way that the lower part of the retorting tube 1, consisting of the bottom 2 and of sides 27 is uniform, and of identical dimensions through the whole length of the retorting tube 1, and the inside dimensions of the lower part of the retorting tube 1 are such that the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14 fit tightly inside the lower part of the retorting tube 1, in order that the drag plates 20 could scrape the bottom 26, and the sides 27 of the retorting tube 1, to prevent any adherence of tar-sand or any other solid residue to the bottom 26 and to the sides 27 of the retorting tube 1. But at the same time there must be maintained a minimal clearance between the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, and the inside of the lower part of the retorting tube 1, i.e. the inside dimensions of the lower part of the retorting tube 1 must be larger than the over-all dimensions of the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, in order to ensure an unrestricted movement of the drag chain 14 inside the retorting tube 1.
But the upper part of the retorting tube 1 is different at different points of the length of the retorting tube.l :
the retorting tube 1 is equipped with a loading channel 30 which is located near this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the return chamber 4. The loading channel 30 ,:
~ 4 --~2~5~06 is ec~uipped with a flange 31 to which there is bolted the loading chute 5.
Between the loadin~ channel 30 and this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the return chamber 4, the ~etorting tube 1 is covered with a flat top 29. Also on the other side of the loading channel 30, the retorting tube 1 is covered with a flat top 29, which separates the loading channel 30 from the evaporation top 12. Finally between the other end of the evaporation top 12 and this end of the 10 retorting tube 1 that connects to the drive chamber 3, the retorting tube 1 is covered with a flat top 29.
The dimensions of the sides 27 of th~ retorting tube 1 are such that a flat top 29, welded to the top edge of the sides 27, is in such distance from the bottom 26 of the retorting tube 1 that the dimensions inside the retorting tube 1 between its bottom 26 and the flat top 29 is larger than the width of -the drag plates 20, i.e. it is larger than the height of the drag chain 14, by an amount of clearance, necessary to ensure an un-obstructed movement of the drag 20 chain 14 inside the retorting tube 1.
The function of the flat top 29, located at both ends of the retorting tube 1, is to prevent,- or to reduce an eventual flow of hydrocarbon vapors into the driva cha~er 30 and into the return chamber 4. But the unction of the flat top 29, located between the loading channel 30 and the evaporation top 12, is to prevent any accumulation of tar-sand above edge of the drag chain 14, and to ensure that the retorting tube 1 is filled with the -tar-sand in such way that the top surface of the tar-sand is always flush 30 with the upper edge of the drag chain 14, or below it.
The evaporation top 12 is built in such way that it is formed from two inclined plates or from one plate, bended in the middle forming two inclined planes, where the bottom edges of those plates are welded to the upper edges of the sides 27 of the retorting tube 1 or, as an alternate solution, the evaporation top 12 is formed of a curved plate, the bottom edges of which are welded to the upper edges of the sides 27 of the retorting -tube 1. But in both solutions, the manifold 11 is welded to the evaporation 40 top 12 in its highest points. Conse~uently the distance ~2~
between the highest points of the avaporation top 12 and the bottom 26 of the retorting tube 1 is couple times larger than the distance from the flat top 29 and the bottom 26 of -the retorting tube 1, As a result the evaporation top 12 is raised well above the upper edge of the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, i.e. the evaporation top 12 is raised well above the top surface of the tar-sand (or any other material) contained in the retortin~ tube 1.
And therefore between the evaporation top 12 and the upper edge of the drag plates 20 of the drag chain 14, i.e.
between the evaporation top 12 and the top surface of the tar-sand, or other processed material, there is created the evaporation space 28. One function of t~e evaporation space 28 is to channe-l the hydrocarbon vapors to the nozzles of the manifold 11, since the manifold 11 is welded to the evaporation top 12 in its highest points~in such way that ~e nozzles of the m~nifold 11 penetrate the evaporation top 12, to-ensure an un-obstructed passage of gases and vapors from the evaporation space 28 into the manifold 11.
To describe the other unction of the evaporation space some additional explanation would be necessary. It is obvious that during the process of evaporation of hydrocarbons, and during the process of thermal coking some partic~es of sand and dust, and other small particles of solids could be lifted above the top surface of the processed tar~sand by violent currents of vapors of hydrocarbons. And we can expect that the concentration of those small solid particles would decrease with increasing height above the top surface of the processed tar-sand (or other processed material).
As a result in the vinicity of the nozzles of the manifold 11 which are located high above the top surface of the processed tar-sand there would be a very low concentration of the solid particles, or even the atmosphere of hydrocarbons in the vinicity of nozzles of the manifold 11~ would be completely free from any solid particlesD Consequently the other function of the evaporation space 28 is to minimize the nu~er of solid particles drown into the manifold 11 with the vapors of hydrocarbons, or to completely eliminate their intake.
On both ends of the retorting tube 1 there are welded 40i the flanges 32, by means of which the retorting -tube 1 is bolted to the drive chamber 3 and to the return chamber 4.
The return tube 2 has too flanges welded on its both ends, and by means of those flanges the return tu~e 2 is bolted to the drive chamber 3 and to the return chamber 4.
The return tube ~ is of any cross-sectional shape but its internal dimensions must be larger than the over-all dimensions of the drag plates 20, in order to ensure an un-obstructed movement of the drag chain 14 inside the return tube 2.
All gates : the upper loading gate 6, the lower loading gate 7, the upper un-loading gate 9, and the lower un-loading gate 10 are operated by means of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, or by any mechanical means. The movement of opening and closing of those gates is controlled electronically in an automatic cycle which fulfills the necessary prerequisite that both loading gates, or both un-loading gates must be fully closed before any of them opens. The timing of the opening and closing o~ those gates is realised in function of time, or by any other method.
The extractor operates in the foll~ing way~ The solid material containing the bitumen or hydrocarbons (which would be later on referred as tar-sand) is loaded through the loading chute 5 in such way that the tar-sand ~alls down the loading chute 5 and it accumulates upon the lower loading gate 7 which is normally closed. As soon as the accumulation o~ the tar-sand is reaching a point that the tar-sand fills the space inside the loading chute 5 between the upper loading gate 6 and the lower loading gate 7, the upper loading gate 6 closes, and after a short period of time when both loading gates are fully closed, the lower loading gate 7 opens (while the upper loading gate 6 ramains closed) and the tar-sand falls down the loading channel 30, into the retorting tube 1. After that the lower loading gate 7 closes, and again after a short period of time when both loading gates are fully closed, the upper loading gate 6 opens, and after that tha cycle repeats. And the movement of tar-sand during the process of loading is indicated in - -5~(~G
Fig. 1 with arrows.
The tar~sand that falls from -the loading chute 5, through the loading channel 30, into the retorting tube 1, is trimmed by the flat top 29 located between the loading channel 30 and the evaporation top 12. The flat top 29t adjacent to the loading channel 30, restricts the height of the accumulation of the tar-sand in the retorting tube 1, and as a result the top sur~ace of the processed tar-sand is flush with the upper edge of the drag chain 14, or below it.
Inside the retorting tube 1, the tar-sand is pushed by the drag chain 14 in the direction from the loading channel 30 toward the drive chamber 3, as the arrow in FigO 1 indicates. Since the retorting tube 1 is located inside a furnace 22, where it is heated by means of a burner 24, the tar-sand in the retorting tube 1, is continuously heated to increasingly higher temperature, as it moves toward this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the drive chamber 3.
Consequently,the tar-sand contained inside the retorting tube 1 is subjected to the process of thermal e~traction, where first the lighter fractions of hydrocarbons evaporate, and later on, when the tar-sand is heated to even higher temperature the thermal cracking and thermal coking occurs, i.e. the heavier hydrocarbon molecules are broken into lighter cracked fractions, and the excess carbon forms a solid co]ce residue.
The hydrocarbon vapors, resulting from the process of evaporation, and from thermal cracking, and coking, rise above the surface of the tar-sand, and they accumulate in the evaporation space 28 which channels those hydrocarbon vapors to the nozzles of the manifold 11. But the violent release of hydrocarbon vapors can result in lifting some small particles of sand, dust, or other solids above the top surface of tar-sand, where those particles could be suspended in the atmosphere of hydrocarbon vapors.
And therefore the nozzles of the manifold 11 (which are welded to the evaporation top 12 in its highest points) are placed relatively high above the top surface of the tar-sand (i.e. high a ove the upper edge of the drag chain 14) where there would not be any solid particles suspended in the atmosphere of hydrocarbons, or their concentration would be minimal, and as result only a minimal amount of solid particles, if any, would enter into the manifold 11.
But in a case if some minimal amount of solid particles would enter into the manifold 11, the existing methods of filtration and precipitation could eliminate those solid ~particles from the hydrocarbon vapors~ before they would be condensated~ The fan 13, connected to the manifold 11, is expelli.ng the hydrocarbon vapors outside of the extractor, for further processing, and at the same time the fan 13 creates a very low vacuum in the whole system of the extractor, minimizing any eventual leaks of hydrocarbon vapors through closed gates.
When the tar-sand reaches this end of the retorting tube 1 that connects to the drive chamber 3, the process of extraction of this particular portion of tar-sand is already finished, and the solid residue of the thermal extraction -the sand contaminated with the coke - is dumped out of the retorting tube 1, into the drive chamber 3. The residue -- the sand falls down the drive chamber 3, as the arrows in Fig.l indicate, and the sand falls through the drag chain 14 returning to the return tube but the fact that the drag chain 14 is crossing the path of falling sand, does not obstruct the free fall of the sand to the bottom of the drive chamber 3~
The sand, discharged from the retorting tube 1, accumulates on the bottom of the drive chamber 3 which constitutes the entrance to the unloading chute 8, and which is ~ormally closed by the upper unloading gate 9. As soon as, enough sand accumulates on the bottom of ~he drive chamber 3, the lower unloading gate 10 closes, and later on, after a short period of time when both unloading gates are fully closed, the upper unloading gate 9 opens, the sand falls into the unloading chute 8, and when i'_ fills the unloading chute 8, the upper unloading gate 9 closes, -and again after a short period of time when both gates are fully closed, the lower unloading gate 10 opens (while the upper unloading gate 9 remains closed) and falls outside of the extractor. After that the cycle repeatsO
The drive sprocket 15 and the secondary drive sprocket 18 are driven by means of a motor and a transmission.
All components of the retorting tube 1 i.e. the bottom 26, the sides 27, the loading channel 30, the flat top 29, the evaporation top 12, the flange 31 o~ the load-ng chute 30, and the flanges 32 of the retorting tube 1 are welded in a way to ensure that the retorting tube would be airtight.
Also the return tube 2, the drive chamber 3 and the unloading chute 8, as well as the return vhamber 4, and the loading chute 5, all those components of the extractor are fabricated in a way that they are airtight.
All bolted joints of the retorting tube 1 with the drive chamber 3 and the return chamber ~ as well as the bolted joints o~ the return tube 2 with the drive chamber 3 and the return chamber 4, and the bolted joint of the loading chute 5 with the loading channel 30 of the retorting tube 1, are made in such way that the bolted joints are airtight in any operating temperature.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS :
1. A retorting extractor of hydrocarbons from any solid material, especially tar-sand, which constitutes an airtight vessel, composed of the retorting tube, the drive chamber, the return chamber, and the return tube, where the retorting tube has on its both ends flanges which are welded to the retorting tube, and by means of which the retorting tube is bolted to the drive chamber and to the return chamber, where the return tube has also on its both ends flanges which are welded to the return tube, and the return tube is bolted to the drive chamber and to the return chamber, moreover the retorting tube is equipped with a loading channel which is located in the upper part of the retorting tube, where the loading chute is bolted to the loading channel of the retorting tube, where all bolted joints are airtight, and where the retorting tube is covered on a largest part of its lenght with the evaporation top, to which there is welded a manifold, where the evaporation tube with the manifold is installed inside a furnace where it is heated by means of a burner, where at the bottom of the drive chamber there is located an unloading chute which is equipped with an upper unloading gate, and the lower unloading gate, and similarly the loading chute is equipped with an upper loading gate and a lower loading gate, and moreover inside the extractor, i.e. inside the retorting tube, the return tube, inside the drive chamber, and the return chamber there is installed a drag conveyor which consists of a drag chain, a drive sprocket, installed in the drive chamber, and of the return sprocket, installed in the return chamber, where the drive sprocket is driven by means of a motor and a transmission, and the drag chain is driven by the drive sprocket, and as a result the drag chain moves inside the retorting tube, in the direction of this end of retorting tube that connects to the drive chamber, where the drive sprocket detours the drag chain into the return tube, through which the drag chain goes into the return chamber, where the return sprocket guides the drag chain back into the retorting tube, while the upper loading gate the lower loading gate, the upper unloading gate, and the lower unloading gate, are operated by means of pneumatic, or hydraulic cylinders, or by any other mechanical means, while the control system that governs the movements of opening and closing of those gates is designed in such way that at all times, including the operation of loading the extractor, at least one of the loading gates, i.e. the upper loading gate, or the lower loading gate is always closed, and also one of the unloading gates, i.e. the upper unloading gate, or the lower unloading gate is always closed, even during the operation of unloading, moreover while the lower part of the retorting tube is uniform in shape and dimensions on the whole lenght of the retorting tube, the shape of the upper part of the retorting tube is different in different points of its length, and the upper part of the retorting tube consists not only of the loading channel, but also of the evaporation top the highest points of which are raised very high above the lower part of the retorting tube, and as a result there is created between the lower part of the retorting tube, the heights of which corresponds to the height of the drag chain, and the evaporation top, an evaporation space, and and a manifold is welded to the evaporation top in its highest points, in such way that the nozzles of the manifold penetrate the evaporation top, ensuring a free passage of gases, and vapors from the evaporation space into the manifold, while the minimal height of the retorting tube is in those points of lenght of the retorting tube, where the retorting tube is covered with a flat top, but the inside dimensions between the flat top and the bottom of the retorting tube are larger than the over all dimensions of the drag plates of the drag chain by an amount of clearance necessary to ensure a free movement of the drag chain inside the retorting tube, while the drag chain consists of drag plates and drag links, and the drag chain is a two strand type where there are two drag links welded to each drag plate, or the drag chain constitutes a one strand type, where there is only one drag link welded to each drag plate, and moreover to the outside end of the manifold there is connected a fan which creates a very low vacuum inside the retorting tube, the drive chamber, the return chamber, and inside the return tube, and by this action it prevents any possible leaks,through the closed gates, from inside of the extractor to the outside, whereas the process of extraction of hydrocarbons from tar-sand, or any other solid material is accomplished in the following way : the tar-sand, or any other solid material containing hydrocarbons, is loaded through the loading chute, it accumulates on the lower loading gate which is normally closed, and as soon as the tar-sand fills the space inside the loading chute between the upper loading gate, and the lower loading gate, the upper loading gate closes, and after a short period of time when both loading gates are closed, the lower loading gate opens, the tar-sand falls down the loading channel into the lower part of the retorting tube, and the flat top located between the loading channel and the evaporation top trims the tar-sand in such way that the maximal level of the top surface of the tar-sand does not exceed the level of the upper edge of the drag plates of the drag chain, and the tar-sand,trimmed in such way, is being pushed inside the retorting tube in a direction from the loading channel toward this end of the retorting tube that connects to the drive chamber, and along the way, the tar-sand is gradually heated to increasingly higher temperatures, and as a result, first the lighter hydrocarbons evaporate, and later on the heavier hydrocarbons are subjected to the thermal cracking and coking, where the molecules of heavier hydrocarbons are split into lighter fractions which are instantly vaporized, and the excess carbon forms the coke residue which in the case of thermal extraction of tar-sand is mixed with sand, while the hydrocarbon vapors are collected in the evaporation space which channels them to the nozzles of the manifold which expells the hydrocarbon vapors outside, for further processing, with help of the fan which is connected to the outside end of the manifold,and it creates a very low vacuum (about 10 cm of water) in the retorting tube. and the loading channel, in the drive chamber, in the return tube and in the return chamber, and as a result any eventual leaks through closed loading gates and unloading gates of hydrocarbons to the outside of the extractor are reduced or eliminated completely, while the design and the construction of the retorting tube ensures that the nozzles of the manifold are located high above the lower part of the retorting tube, i.e. high above the upper edge of the drag plates of the drag chain, and high above the top surface of the tar-sand, and this prevents that any small particles of sand or dust, lifted by the violent discharges of the hydrocarbon vapors, above the top surface of the tar-sand, would ever enter into the manifold, and when tar-sand reaches this end of the retorting tube that connects to the drive chamber, the process of the thermal extraction of this particular portion of tar-sand is already fininshed, and the residue of sand and coke is dumped into the drive chamber, where it accumulates on the bottom of the drive chamber, that connects to the unloading chute, on the upper unloading gate that is normally closed, and when enough of residue is accumulated, the lower unloading gate closes, and after a short period of time when both unloading gates are fully closed, the upper unloading gate opens, the residue falls into the unloading chute, the upper unloading gate closes, and again after a short period of time when both unloading gates are fully closed, the lower unloading gate opens, and the residue is ejected - falls outside of the extractor.
2. A. retorting extractor as defined in claim 1, in which the retorting tube is designed and built in such way that the lower part of the retorting tube, consisting of the bottom and of two sides, is uniform and of identical dimensions through the whole length of the retorting tube, i.e. a cross section through the lower part of the retorting tube is identical in shape and dimensions at any point of length of the retorting tube, where the bottom of the retorting tube is flat, and both sides of the retorting tube are vertical, or at an angle to the bottom, where the transition from the bottom to the sides is rounded, to avoid any sharp corners, where the intersections of theoretical planes through sides, with the theoretical plane of the bottom, are parallel to each other, and where the inside dimensions of the lower part of the retorting tube are such that the drag plates of the drag chain should fit into the inside of the lower part of the retorting tube tight enough that the drag plates will scrape the bottom and the sides, to prevent any adherence of any residue to the bottom and sides of the retorting tube, but at the same time, there should be enough clerance, to ensure that the movement of the drag chain inside the retorting tube is unrestricted, but on the contrary, the upper part of the retorting tube is of a different form at different points of the length of the retorting tube, where the retorting tube is equipped with a loading channel, located near this end of the retorting tube that connects to the return chamber, from which it is separated by a flat top, while on the top of the loading channel there is welded a flange, whereas another flat top, on the other side of the loading channel, separates the loading channel from the evaporation top, and finally one more flat top covers the retorting tube between the other end of the eveporation top, and this end of the retorting tube that connnects to the drive chamber, where the dimensions of the sides of the retorting tube are such that the flat top welded to the top edge of the sides of the retorting tube is at such distance from the bottom of the retorting tube that the dimensions inside the retorting tube between the flat top and the bottom is larger than the width of the drag plates, i.e. it is larger that the height of the drag chain, by an amount of clearance, necessary to ensure an unrestricted movement of the drag chain inside the retorting tube, where the evaporation top is raised high above the lower part of the retorting tube, much higher than the flat top, and as a result the evaporation top and the lower part of the retorting tube i.e. between the evaporation top and the upper edge of the drag chain, there is created the evaporation space, where the evaporation top is formed from two inclined plates, or one plate bended in the middle,forming two inclined planes, or from a curved plate, so that a cross section through the evaporation top resembles a cross section through a curb roof, or through an architectural arch, where the lowest edges of the evaporation top are welded to the sides of the retorting tube, while in the highest points of the evaporation top there is welded the manifold the nozzles of which penetrate through the evaporation top, to ensure an un-obstructed passage of hydrocarbon vapors from the evaporation space, into the manifold, and moreover on both ends of the retorting tube there are welded flanges, and all components of the retorting tube :
the bottom, the sides, the flat tops, the evaporation top, the loading channel and all flanges are welded in such way that all welds are airtight.
the bottom, the sides, the flat tops, the evaporation top, the loading channel and all flanges are welded in such way that all welds are airtight.
3. A retorting extractor as defined in claim 1, where the drag chain is driven by means of a drive system, located in the drive chamber, where the drive system which consists of a drive chain, of a secondary drive sprocket, and a secondary idle sprocket, where the drive chain meshed with the drag chain actually pulls, drives the drag chain, and the secondary drive sprocket is driven by means of a motor and a transmission.
4. A retorting extractor as defined in claim 1, where system of control of the movements of opening and closing of all gates, i.e. of the upper loading gate, of the lower loading gate, of the upper unloading gate, and of the lower unloding gate is electrical, or pneumatical, and it is designed in such way that in the loading chute both loading gates must be fully closed for a short period of time, before any of them opens, and in the same way in the unloading chute both unloading gates must be fully closed for a short period of time before any of them opens, and at all times one of the gates of the loading chute is closed i.e. at all times the upper loading gate, or the lower unloading gate is closed, and similarly at all times one of the unloading gates, of the unloading chute, is closed, i.e. at all times or the upper unloading gate is closed, or the lower unloading gate is closed, where the timing of the movements of opening and closing of the gates is realized in function of time, or by any other principle, or method.
5. A retorting extractor as defined in claim 1, in which the drag plates are welded to the drag links, in such way that the drag plates are perpendicular to the drag links, and in a case if the drag chain is of a two strand type, both drag links welded to the same drag plate, are parallel to each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000446518A CA1205406A (en) | 1984-02-01 | 1984-02-01 | Retorting extractor of hydrocarbons from any solid material especially tar sand, and the process of extraction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000446518A CA1205406A (en) | 1984-02-01 | 1984-02-01 | Retorting extractor of hydrocarbons from any solid material especially tar sand, and the process of extraction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1205406A true CA1205406A (en) | 1986-06-03 |
Family
ID=4127078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000446518A Expired CA1205406A (en) | 1984-02-01 | 1984-02-01 | Retorting extractor of hydrocarbons from any solid material especially tar sand, and the process of extraction |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1205406A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102052847A (en) * | 2009-10-31 | 2011-05-11 | 山东省冶金设计院股份有限公司 | Chain grate machine of dry distillation oil shale |
-
1984
- 1984-02-01 CA CA000446518A patent/CA1205406A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102052847A (en) * | 2009-10-31 | 2011-05-11 | 山东省冶金设计院股份有限公司 | Chain grate machine of dry distillation oil shale |
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