CA1204258A - Extrusion coated continuous tape - Google Patents
Extrusion coated continuous tapeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1204258A CA1204258A CA000409711A CA409711A CA1204258A CA 1204258 A CA1204258 A CA 1204258A CA 000409711 A CA000409711 A CA 000409711A CA 409711 A CA409711 A CA 409711A CA 1204258 A CA1204258 A CA 1204258A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- friction
- resin composition
- fiber
- continuous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
A continuous tape comprising at least one continuous glass fiber strand extrusion-coated with a curable friction resin composition. The tape is useful in the winding of preforms which may be thermally cured under pressure to provide friction elements such as friction clutch facings.
A continuous tape comprising at least one continuous glass fiber strand extrusion-coated with a curable friction resin composition. The tape is useful in the winding of preforms which may be thermally cured under pressure to provide friction elements such as friction clutch facings.
Description
-~ 080205-BWL 12~4~8 Extrusion Coated Continuous Tape Backqround of the Invention This invention relates to facings for friction clutches and more particularly to an extrusion-coated continuous tape adapted for use in making friction clutch facings. The continuous tape comprises at least one continuous strand or filament which is extrusion-coated with a curable binder resin composition. The continuous tape is adapted to be wound into a preform and thermally cured under pressure to provida an asbestos-'ree clutch facing exhibiting excellent burst strength.
Because of its great thermal resistance, asbestos has long been used as the mainstay of friction elements, particularly in the automotive industry. When used with suitable friction resin compositions, highly satisfactory friction elements result. Recently, however, health hazards-associated with the manufacture and use of asbestos-containing compositions and articles have become apparent. As a result there has been an increasing effort to develop asbestos-free compositions for use in~the manufacture of friction elements. The use of glass fiber in such replacement compositions has been disclosed in the art, as for example, in U.S.
Patents 3,743,069, 4,130,537 and 4,137,214. In these prior art compositions, glass fiber is included either in chopped fiber form or as continuous strand. Where glass fiber in the form of continuous strand is employed, the glass fiber is normally sized and then impregnated with a friction resin composition. The strand is usually impregnated by dip-coating, that is, by first passing the strand through a dip tank containing a dilute solution or dispersion of the friction resin 080205-BWL 1204~8 composition (cement). The wet, impregnated strand is then passed through a drying tower or other equipment to evaporate the solvent and produce a dried cement-impregnated strand in an uncured state. The strand is used to wind a preform which then is thermally cured under pressure by well-known techniques to produce a cured friction element.
The dip-coating process for impregnating the continuous strand generally requires the use of cements containing substantial quantities of solvent, often greater than 50 w~ of the total composition, to ensur~
adequate penetration of the strand as well as to provide cements having a viscosity suitable for use in coating equipment. Where the cement is a dispersion or contains dispersed solids, settling or separation of the solid components in the dip tank may become a problem. Further, the cement-impregnated strand must be dry to be suitable for use in winding, which requires the use of a drying tower or other drying equipment. To meet ever more restrictive environmental regulations, the solvents removed in the drying step will normally be recovered by means of elaborate and expensive solvent recovery equipment and then recycled.
These drying and solvent recovery steps add materially to the overall production costs. A substantial reduction or elimination of solvent use in the production of clutch facings would thus be of substantial benefit.
Summary of the Invention This invention is a continuous tape adapted for use in making friction clutch facings, said tape 0802Cj-Bw~
12~4ZS~
comprising at least one continuous strand or filament extrusion coated with a thermosetting friction resin composition. The continuous tape may be used to construct clutch facings which exhibit excellent burst strength, and the process of the manufacture of said tape avoids the need for elaborate drying and solvent recovery steps in the coating process by eliminating or substantially reducing the use of solvents for the friction resin composition.
Detailed ~escription of the Invention The continuous tape made in accordance with the teachings of this invention comprises at least one continuous strand or filament extrusion coated with a friction resin composition.
The continuous strand or filament useful in the practice of this invention may be formed of any of the known reinforcement fibers such as glass, cotton, graphite, aramide and the like as well as combinations of two or more of these fibers. Preferably the continuous strand will be formed of glass fiber and will be treated with coupl~ing agents to enhance resin adhesion according to practices well known in the art. The strand will preferably be sized by being impregnated with a sizing such as an RFL coating latex, employing methods and compositions known in the art and shown, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,973,071 and 3,925,286.
The friction resin composition may be any of the thermosetting, rubber-modified resin compositions commonly employed in the production of friction elements.
The standard compositions commonly include a curable phenolic resin, i.e., a thermosetting resin derived from a phenol and an aldehyde, together with a rubbery modifier such as a natural rub~er or a rubbery polymer lZ~425~3 of chloroprene, butadiene, isoprene or the like, or a copolymer thereof with one or more copolymerizable monomers such as an acrylate, methacrylate or other alkylacrylate, acrylonitrile, styrene, alpha methylstyrene, ethylene, propylene, vinyl pyridine and the like.
The composition may further include other additives including vulcanizing agents, accellerators, cross-linking aids, friction modifiers and the like according to well-known practice. Fillers such as carbon black, graphite, clay and the like may also be included, as well as chopped inorganic or organic fibeL such as for example wollastonite, aramide fiber, glass fiber and the like. Friction resin compositions as such are generally well known in the art.
The continuous strand is extrusion coated with the friction resin composition. Any of the methods known in the art for the extrusion coating of wire may be employed for the purposes of this invention. One example of a machine for extrusion coating wire with viscous pasty material is disclosed and described in V. S. Patent 2,315,645 and employs a wire coating die~
Alternatively, the continuous filament or strand may be passed through a wire coating die fed by a conventional extruder. Further variations including continuous calendaring which have been widely employed for wire coating may also be used to coat the continuous strand or filament. The friction resin composition will be applied at room temperature or at an elevated temperature below the cure temperature of the particular resin employed. Where the viscosity of the friction resin composition, even at elevated temperatures, is too high for statisfactory coating, it may be desirable to dilute the resin composition with a minor amount of solvent to lower the viscosity and improve the coating ` 080205-BWL 1204258 rate. The strand exiting the extrusion die will thus be coated with substantially dry friction resin composition in an uncured condition.
The extrusion coating process may be employed to coat one or a plurality of strands simultaneously to form tape. Where a plurality of strands are coated, the strands will be spaced apart in a side by side relationship, and exit the extrusion coating equipment through a flat ribbon die~
lQ In the manufacture of clutch facings, the tape of tni~ invention will be fed to a winding machine and wound into a preform. A preform is a loosely structured article composed of woven or wound reinforcing constituents impregnated with a curable resin composition in an uncured or partially cured state. In one method for forming a preform, one or more extrusion-coated tapes are spirally-wound in a face to face relationship to form a wound annular disc preform of the desired size and weight. A
second technique for preparinq a preform is to cam-wind a coated tape in an undulating pattern such as is shown for example in U.S. Patent 3,600,25~ to form an annular disc preform of the desired size and weight.
The preform is then subjected to heat and pressure to produce a cured friction element according to methods well known in the art.
~ .e following Examples are provided by way of illistration of the practice of this inventioll.
Example l A friction resin composition comprising 16 wt%
elastomer and 26.6 wt% phenolic resin together with mineral fillers, curing aids, tackifier and graphite, w~ DYtrusion coated onto a ~ized glass fiber strand.
lZ(~425~
The extrusion coating was accomplisned by passing the -fiber strand through a wire coating extrusion die fed by a Brabender` extruder, using a barrel temperature of 95 F to extrude the resin composition. The coated strand or tape consisted 35 wt% glass fiber ~averagel, and 65 wt% resin composition in a p~rtially-cured state.
The tape was cam-wound to form a clutch facing pre-form. The preform was placed in a mold under 200 psi pressure and heated at 350F for 5 min, then post-cured at 400F for 5 hrs. The cured clutch facings had burst strengths of 13,100 RPM ave.
Example 2 A friction resin composition w2s prepared containing 20.7 wt~ elastomer~ and 10.8 wt~ phenolic resin together with mineral fillers, curatives, friction modifiers and chopped (1/4") fluffed aramid fibers (obtained 2s Ke~la~
fiber from DuPont ~o.). The composition was mixed wi~h methyl ethyl ketone to reduce the viscosity and extruded at 90F onto a fiber glass strand to form a tape,
Because of its great thermal resistance, asbestos has long been used as the mainstay of friction elements, particularly in the automotive industry. When used with suitable friction resin compositions, highly satisfactory friction elements result. Recently, however, health hazards-associated with the manufacture and use of asbestos-containing compositions and articles have become apparent. As a result there has been an increasing effort to develop asbestos-free compositions for use in~the manufacture of friction elements. The use of glass fiber in such replacement compositions has been disclosed in the art, as for example, in U.S.
Patents 3,743,069, 4,130,537 and 4,137,214. In these prior art compositions, glass fiber is included either in chopped fiber form or as continuous strand. Where glass fiber in the form of continuous strand is employed, the glass fiber is normally sized and then impregnated with a friction resin composition. The strand is usually impregnated by dip-coating, that is, by first passing the strand through a dip tank containing a dilute solution or dispersion of the friction resin 080205-BWL 1204~8 composition (cement). The wet, impregnated strand is then passed through a drying tower or other equipment to evaporate the solvent and produce a dried cement-impregnated strand in an uncured state. The strand is used to wind a preform which then is thermally cured under pressure by well-known techniques to produce a cured friction element.
The dip-coating process for impregnating the continuous strand generally requires the use of cements containing substantial quantities of solvent, often greater than 50 w~ of the total composition, to ensur~
adequate penetration of the strand as well as to provide cements having a viscosity suitable for use in coating equipment. Where the cement is a dispersion or contains dispersed solids, settling or separation of the solid components in the dip tank may become a problem. Further, the cement-impregnated strand must be dry to be suitable for use in winding, which requires the use of a drying tower or other drying equipment. To meet ever more restrictive environmental regulations, the solvents removed in the drying step will normally be recovered by means of elaborate and expensive solvent recovery equipment and then recycled.
These drying and solvent recovery steps add materially to the overall production costs. A substantial reduction or elimination of solvent use in the production of clutch facings would thus be of substantial benefit.
Summary of the Invention This invention is a continuous tape adapted for use in making friction clutch facings, said tape 0802Cj-Bw~
12~4ZS~
comprising at least one continuous strand or filament extrusion coated with a thermosetting friction resin composition. The continuous tape may be used to construct clutch facings which exhibit excellent burst strength, and the process of the manufacture of said tape avoids the need for elaborate drying and solvent recovery steps in the coating process by eliminating or substantially reducing the use of solvents for the friction resin composition.
Detailed ~escription of the Invention The continuous tape made in accordance with the teachings of this invention comprises at least one continuous strand or filament extrusion coated with a friction resin composition.
The continuous strand or filament useful in the practice of this invention may be formed of any of the known reinforcement fibers such as glass, cotton, graphite, aramide and the like as well as combinations of two or more of these fibers. Preferably the continuous strand will be formed of glass fiber and will be treated with coupl~ing agents to enhance resin adhesion according to practices well known in the art. The strand will preferably be sized by being impregnated with a sizing such as an RFL coating latex, employing methods and compositions known in the art and shown, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,973,071 and 3,925,286.
The friction resin composition may be any of the thermosetting, rubber-modified resin compositions commonly employed in the production of friction elements.
The standard compositions commonly include a curable phenolic resin, i.e., a thermosetting resin derived from a phenol and an aldehyde, together with a rubbery modifier such as a natural rub~er or a rubbery polymer lZ~425~3 of chloroprene, butadiene, isoprene or the like, or a copolymer thereof with one or more copolymerizable monomers such as an acrylate, methacrylate or other alkylacrylate, acrylonitrile, styrene, alpha methylstyrene, ethylene, propylene, vinyl pyridine and the like.
The composition may further include other additives including vulcanizing agents, accellerators, cross-linking aids, friction modifiers and the like according to well-known practice. Fillers such as carbon black, graphite, clay and the like may also be included, as well as chopped inorganic or organic fibeL such as for example wollastonite, aramide fiber, glass fiber and the like. Friction resin compositions as such are generally well known in the art.
The continuous strand is extrusion coated with the friction resin composition. Any of the methods known in the art for the extrusion coating of wire may be employed for the purposes of this invention. One example of a machine for extrusion coating wire with viscous pasty material is disclosed and described in V. S. Patent 2,315,645 and employs a wire coating die~
Alternatively, the continuous filament or strand may be passed through a wire coating die fed by a conventional extruder. Further variations including continuous calendaring which have been widely employed for wire coating may also be used to coat the continuous strand or filament. The friction resin composition will be applied at room temperature or at an elevated temperature below the cure temperature of the particular resin employed. Where the viscosity of the friction resin composition, even at elevated temperatures, is too high for statisfactory coating, it may be desirable to dilute the resin composition with a minor amount of solvent to lower the viscosity and improve the coating ` 080205-BWL 1204258 rate. The strand exiting the extrusion die will thus be coated with substantially dry friction resin composition in an uncured condition.
The extrusion coating process may be employed to coat one or a plurality of strands simultaneously to form tape. Where a plurality of strands are coated, the strands will be spaced apart in a side by side relationship, and exit the extrusion coating equipment through a flat ribbon die~
lQ In the manufacture of clutch facings, the tape of tni~ invention will be fed to a winding machine and wound into a preform. A preform is a loosely structured article composed of woven or wound reinforcing constituents impregnated with a curable resin composition in an uncured or partially cured state. In one method for forming a preform, one or more extrusion-coated tapes are spirally-wound in a face to face relationship to form a wound annular disc preform of the desired size and weight. A
second technique for preparinq a preform is to cam-wind a coated tape in an undulating pattern such as is shown for example in U.S. Patent 3,600,25~ to form an annular disc preform of the desired size and weight.
The preform is then subjected to heat and pressure to produce a cured friction element according to methods well known in the art.
~ .e following Examples are provided by way of illistration of the practice of this inventioll.
Example l A friction resin composition comprising 16 wt%
elastomer and 26.6 wt% phenolic resin together with mineral fillers, curing aids, tackifier and graphite, w~ DYtrusion coated onto a ~ized glass fiber strand.
lZ(~425~
The extrusion coating was accomplisned by passing the -fiber strand through a wire coating extrusion die fed by a Brabender` extruder, using a barrel temperature of 95 F to extrude the resin composition. The coated strand or tape consisted 35 wt% glass fiber ~averagel, and 65 wt% resin composition in a p~rtially-cured state.
The tape was cam-wound to form a clutch facing pre-form. The preform was placed in a mold under 200 psi pressure and heated at 350F for 5 min, then post-cured at 400F for 5 hrs. The cured clutch facings had burst strengths of 13,100 RPM ave.
Example 2 A friction resin composition w2s prepared containing 20.7 wt~ elastomer~ and 10.8 wt~ phenolic resin together with mineral fillers, curatives, friction modifiers and chopped (1/4") fluffed aramid fibers (obtained 2s Ke~la~
fiber from DuPont ~o.). The composition was mixed wi~h methyl ethyl ketone to reduce the viscosity and extruded at 90F onto a fiber glass strand to form a tape,
2~ using a wire extrusion coating die fitted to a Brabender~
extruder. ~The tape was cam-wound into a clutc~ facing preform. The preform was air dried to remove solvent, then placed in a mold under 2,000 psi pressure and heated at 350F for 5 min to cure the preform. The facing was then post cured at 400F for 5 hours under 500 psi pressure. The cured clutch facings had average burst strengths of 11,300 RPM.
Example 3 The friction resin composition of Example 1 was employed to extrusion coat four parallel fiber glass strands simultaneously by passing the strands through a *trade mark ~Z0~2S8 wire die having a flat ribbon die at the exit port and fed by a Brabehder*extruder. The resulting flat tape was used in preparing a cam-wound pre.orm which then was cured under 2000 psi pressure at 350F as before 5 to give a friction clutch facing.
Example 4 A friction resin composition comprising 15.5 wt%
elastomer, 8.0 wt% phenolic resin, 19.3 wt% chopped glass fiber and 5.5 wt% aramid fiber ~obtained as dry Kevlar*aramid pulp from E. I. DuPont Co.), together with mineral fillers, curatives and friction modifiers, was prepared by dry powder blending. The powder blend was fed directly to a Brabender extruder and extruded at 210F through a ribbon die, to demonstrate the ready extrudability of the composition.
It will be apparent from the Examples that con~inuous strand or filament may be extrusion coated with a friction resin composition to form a tape suitable for use in the filament winding of preforms to provide friction clutch facings havin~ excellent burst strength characteri`stics. The friction resin composition may be used directly in the extrusion process ~Example 1~ or mixed with a solvent to modify the resin viscosity as in Example 2. The resulting tape requires no further drying prior to use in winding the preform. Where solvents are employed to modify the extrusion viscosity of the resin, the resulting tape may be wound without drying into a pre-form. The preform may then be dried in less complex equipment wherein solvent recovery is facilitated, thus reducing solvent loss and improving the cost factors associated therewith.
*trade mark The including of short fibers such as chopped aramid fiber ~Example 2) or aramid pulp (Example 4) markedly improves the wear character of the resulting friction elements. The use of chopped fiber (Example 2) required the further including of a solvent to reduce the viscosity of the friction resin composition to.a level suitable for extrusion coating. Where the aramid fiber was employed in the form of a pulp comprised of highly fibrillated fibers, the friction resin composition could be readily extruded without the need for the including of a solvent. A suitable tape can readily be prepared by this process employing aramid fiber pulp in the friction resin composition.
The instant invention will thus be seen to be a continuous tape adapted for use in making friction clutch facings comprising continuous fiber strand extrusion coated with a curable friction resin composition.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications of the instant process are possible and may be undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined solely by the appended claims.
extruder. ~The tape was cam-wound into a clutc~ facing preform. The preform was air dried to remove solvent, then placed in a mold under 2,000 psi pressure and heated at 350F for 5 min to cure the preform. The facing was then post cured at 400F for 5 hours under 500 psi pressure. The cured clutch facings had average burst strengths of 11,300 RPM.
Example 3 The friction resin composition of Example 1 was employed to extrusion coat four parallel fiber glass strands simultaneously by passing the strands through a *trade mark ~Z0~2S8 wire die having a flat ribbon die at the exit port and fed by a Brabehder*extruder. The resulting flat tape was used in preparing a cam-wound pre.orm which then was cured under 2000 psi pressure at 350F as before 5 to give a friction clutch facing.
Example 4 A friction resin composition comprising 15.5 wt%
elastomer, 8.0 wt% phenolic resin, 19.3 wt% chopped glass fiber and 5.5 wt% aramid fiber ~obtained as dry Kevlar*aramid pulp from E. I. DuPont Co.), together with mineral fillers, curatives and friction modifiers, was prepared by dry powder blending. The powder blend was fed directly to a Brabender extruder and extruded at 210F through a ribbon die, to demonstrate the ready extrudability of the composition.
It will be apparent from the Examples that con~inuous strand or filament may be extrusion coated with a friction resin composition to form a tape suitable for use in the filament winding of preforms to provide friction clutch facings havin~ excellent burst strength characteri`stics. The friction resin composition may be used directly in the extrusion process ~Example 1~ or mixed with a solvent to modify the resin viscosity as in Example 2. The resulting tape requires no further drying prior to use in winding the preform. Where solvents are employed to modify the extrusion viscosity of the resin, the resulting tape may be wound without drying into a pre-form. The preform may then be dried in less complex equipment wherein solvent recovery is facilitated, thus reducing solvent loss and improving the cost factors associated therewith.
*trade mark The including of short fibers such as chopped aramid fiber ~Example 2) or aramid pulp (Example 4) markedly improves the wear character of the resulting friction elements. The use of chopped fiber (Example 2) required the further including of a solvent to reduce the viscosity of the friction resin composition to.a level suitable for extrusion coating. Where the aramid fiber was employed in the form of a pulp comprised of highly fibrillated fibers, the friction resin composition could be readily extruded without the need for the including of a solvent. A suitable tape can readily be prepared by this process employing aramid fiber pulp in the friction resin composition.
The instant invention will thus be seen to be a continuous tape adapted for use in making friction clutch facings comprising continuous fiber strand extrusion coated with a curable friction resin composition.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications of the instant process are possible and may be undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined solely by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A continuous tape adapted for use in winding friction element preforms, said tape comprising at least one continuous glass fiber strand extrusion-coated with a curable friction resin composition comprising a thermosetting, rubber-modified resin composition and a fiber selected from the group consisting of chopped aramid fiber and aramid fiber pulp.
2. The continuous tape of Claim 1, wherein said glass fiber strand is elastomer coated prior to being extrusion coated.
3. The continuous tape of Claim 1, wherein said fiber is an aramid fiber.
4. The continuous tape of Claim 1, wherein said fiber is an aramid fiber pulp.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000409711A CA1204258A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | Extrusion coated continuous tape |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000409711A CA1204258A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | Extrusion coated continuous tape |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1204258A true CA1204258A (en) | 1986-05-13 |
Family
ID=4123441
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000409711A Expired CA1204258A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | Extrusion coated continuous tape |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1204258A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-08-18 CA CA000409711A patent/CA1204258A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1121079A (en) | Asbestos free friction element | |
| EP0183335B1 (en) | Asbestos free friction element | |
| US5217778A (en) | Composite fiber friction facing | |
| EP0231098B1 (en) | Molded non-asbestos friction member and a process for producing it | |
| US4663368A (en) | Friction materials and their manufacture | |
| GB2165851A (en) | Friction materials and their manufacture | |
| GB2125451A (en) | Extrusion coated continuous tape | |
| US4356137A (en) | Process for preparing friction clutch facing | |
| US5494747A (en) | Textile treatment | |
| CA1204258A (en) | Extrusion coated continuous tape | |
| EP0129022A2 (en) | Process for making dry friction material | |
| CA1187665A (en) | Process for preparing friction clutch facings | |
| CN110105680A (en) | A kind of enhancing staple fiber masterbatch and preparation method for rubber transmission belting | |
| GB2125723A (en) | Preparing friction clutch facings | |
| FR2532244A1 (en) | Process for making up friction clutch linings. | |
| JPS56167934A (en) | Friction material | |
| JPS5950228A (en) | Manufacture of friction clutch facing | |
| JPH0712158A (en) | Friction material | |
| DE3231310A1 (en) | Process for manufacturing clutch linings | |
| GB2126594A (en) | Dry friction composition | |
| JPH0323774B2 (en) | ||
| EP0373657A2 (en) | Improvements in and relating to yarns | |
| JPS5889651A (en) | Composition for frictional element | |
| JPH073247A (en) | Admixture for friction material and friction material using the same | |
| JPH06234866A (en) | Production of friction material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20030513 |