CA1203717A - Tillage implement - Google Patents
Tillage implementInfo
- Publication number
- CA1203717A CA1203717A CA000416229A CA416229A CA1203717A CA 1203717 A CA1203717 A CA 1203717A CA 000416229 A CA000416229 A CA 000416229A CA 416229 A CA416229 A CA 416229A CA 1203717 A CA1203717 A CA 1203717A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tine
- side portions
- implement
- soil
- shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
- 1a -ABSTRACT
A tillage implement for use in minimum tillage farming. The implement comprises a narrow earth engaging portion having an external lateral flange on the bottom edge of its forward section. The earth engaging portion comprises two parallel vertical side walls which provide a space for seed deposition.
A tillage implement for use in minimum tillage farming. The implement comprises a narrow earth engaging portion having an external lateral flange on the bottom edge of its forward section. The earth engaging portion comprises two parallel vertical side walls which provide a space for seed deposition.
Description
~37~7 This invention relates to tillage implements partic-ularly those used for minimum tillage farming.
In minimum tillage farming the object is to disturb the soil as little as possible and perform weed eradication and other operations in which soil disturbance can occur, with chemical treatment. Usually planting under minimum till-age conditions involves in one operation only breaking the soil, depositing the seed~ depositing fertilized or other nutrients and/or pest control substances and closing the furrow over the seed-In such operations it is usual to form a narrow cutin the soil to form a thin trench into which the seed is deposited. A difficulty with this technique is that the move-ment of the tillage implement through the soil produces a smear or glazed effect on the soil face of the side walls and bottom of the trench. This effectively provides a barrier to root penetration in the early life of the plant. After germination the roots of the plant travel outwardly from the seed but meet the barrier of the walls and bottom of the origi~al seed trench ~now filled in~. Following the path of least resistance the roots tend to move upwards with the plant stem. Consequently in this stage of growth the plant experiences difficulty with obtaining soil nutrients and its growth is retarded if not eventually terminated.
There have been attempts to solve these diff-iculties and examples are provided in U.S. Patent 3~667,550 (Lehman) and U.S. Patent 4,333,536 (Ryan). Both of these patents disclose shares which provided an undercut to the sides of the trench formed by the share. Ryan is concerned with minimum tillage and provides a narrow soil opening.
However, in Ryan's arrangement a larger portion of the implement and its associated tine is required below the soil surface. Further soil displacement with the Ryan device is not always satisfactory in that during seed planting delivery of seed does not always precede the fall of soil back into the trench.
It is an object of this invention to overcome these ~n~ o .L ~
difficulties experienced in the conventional mode of practis-ing minlmum til:lage.
To this end the present invention provides a till-age implement comprising a shaft portion adapted to be secured to a tine and an earth engaging portion located below said shaft portion and comprising a soil contacting portion located forward of said shaft and two parallel side portions extending rearwarclly and terminating behind the shaft portion and an externally projecting lateral flange located adjacent the lower edge of said earth engaging portion.
The flange preferably extends horizontally to provide an incision in the side walls of the soil trench and cause soil fracture at the outer edge of said incision. Con-sequently at least one side of the seed trench provides a lateral path for sideways root growth. Furthermore, there is no glaze or smear at the outer edge of the incision and root growth beyond that point is not impeded. In this way the present invention provides a means of avoiding the difficulty of early retardation of plant growth in minimum tillage opera-tions.
It is preferred that when the tillage implement ofthis invention is mounted on a tine that the implement is inclined forwardly at an angle of 5 to 20-preferably 10 to the horiæontal. This angled penetration of the soil results in the lateral flanges lifting the soil slightly and forming horizontal cracks which ex~end laterally from the base of the trench and consequently provide a penetration path for the plants root system. In addition the inclination of the implement allows a proportion of the displaced soil to fall into the trench undernea~h the edge oE the rear of said side portions. The soil which wou]d fall into the trench in this way is the moister lower soil layer. When the seed is initially covered by this moister layer, germination is enhanced. The bulk oE the soil will fall into the trench af-ter passage of the side portions.
Preferably the shaft and earth engaging portion are integra] ancl are formed by folding a metal blank to form an angled narrow leading face with two parallel vertical sides extending ~earwardly from the lower portion of said leading face and the upper portion being formed into a hollow recess shaped to receive a tine. Conveniently the lower edge of the leading face and a portion of the lower edge of the side por-tions are turned outwardly to form said lateral flange.
The width of the tillage implement of this inven-tion should be narrow to form only a narrow opening in the soil. The minimum width is determined by the thickness of the tine and the metal of the implement itself which is folded about said tine. A seed dropping tube is preferably located behind the tine and drops seed into the space between the two side portions at a location behind the shaft. These two parallel side portions do not displace soil but act to provide a space for the seed to fall to the bottom of the trench. Once the implement has moved on the soil falls back into the trench covering the seed. It is the substantially vertical sides of the two parallel side portions which make it possible to obtain neat return of the soil into the trench with good seed coverage. As mentioned above, some moister soil will fall into the trench under the edges of the side portions if the implement is inclined to the horizontal. It is preferred to increase this beneficial effect further by removing a triangular section from the lower edge of the rear section of said side portions.
A preferred embodiment of this invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 is a side view of the implement attached to a tine, Figure 3 is a ~ront perspective view, Figure 4 is a near perspective view, Figure 5 is a plan view, and Figure 6 is a perspective view of the implement secured to a tine.
The ~illage implement illustrated comprises a shaft 10, a leading point 11, a body portion 12 and trailing pane:Ls 13. The shaft is hollow and tapered internally to fit in frictional engagement on the foot of a complementary tine 18 of an agricultural machine as shown in Figure 6. The point ~37~
11 and body secti.on 12 in moving through the soil form a seed trench. Extending outwardly from the point 11 and body por-ti.on 12 is a f].ange 15 which acts to cut two lateral inci-sions in the boltom of the side walls of the seed trench and so provide a growth path for the plant's roots subsequent to germination. As shown in Figure 2, it is preferred to have the implement when mounted on a tine to be inclined about 10 to the horizontal.
The panels 13 provide a channel 16 behind the body section 12 into which a seed tube 19 can extend to drop seeds at predetermined intervals. The seed tube 19 is attached to the rear of the tine 180 After passage through the soil of the trailing panels 13 the displaced soil of the trench falls back into it lS to cover the seed and close the trench. As shown in Figure
In minimum tillage farming the object is to disturb the soil as little as possible and perform weed eradication and other operations in which soil disturbance can occur, with chemical treatment. Usually planting under minimum till-age conditions involves in one operation only breaking the soil, depositing the seed~ depositing fertilized or other nutrients and/or pest control substances and closing the furrow over the seed-In such operations it is usual to form a narrow cutin the soil to form a thin trench into which the seed is deposited. A difficulty with this technique is that the move-ment of the tillage implement through the soil produces a smear or glazed effect on the soil face of the side walls and bottom of the trench. This effectively provides a barrier to root penetration in the early life of the plant. After germination the roots of the plant travel outwardly from the seed but meet the barrier of the walls and bottom of the origi~al seed trench ~now filled in~. Following the path of least resistance the roots tend to move upwards with the plant stem. Consequently in this stage of growth the plant experiences difficulty with obtaining soil nutrients and its growth is retarded if not eventually terminated.
There have been attempts to solve these diff-iculties and examples are provided in U.S. Patent 3~667,550 (Lehman) and U.S. Patent 4,333,536 (Ryan). Both of these patents disclose shares which provided an undercut to the sides of the trench formed by the share. Ryan is concerned with minimum tillage and provides a narrow soil opening.
However, in Ryan's arrangement a larger portion of the implement and its associated tine is required below the soil surface. Further soil displacement with the Ryan device is not always satisfactory in that during seed planting delivery of seed does not always precede the fall of soil back into the trench.
It is an object of this invention to overcome these ~n~ o .L ~
difficulties experienced in the conventional mode of practis-ing minlmum til:lage.
To this end the present invention provides a till-age implement comprising a shaft portion adapted to be secured to a tine and an earth engaging portion located below said shaft portion and comprising a soil contacting portion located forward of said shaft and two parallel side portions extending rearwarclly and terminating behind the shaft portion and an externally projecting lateral flange located adjacent the lower edge of said earth engaging portion.
The flange preferably extends horizontally to provide an incision in the side walls of the soil trench and cause soil fracture at the outer edge of said incision. Con-sequently at least one side of the seed trench provides a lateral path for sideways root growth. Furthermore, there is no glaze or smear at the outer edge of the incision and root growth beyond that point is not impeded. In this way the present invention provides a means of avoiding the difficulty of early retardation of plant growth in minimum tillage opera-tions.
It is preferred that when the tillage implement ofthis invention is mounted on a tine that the implement is inclined forwardly at an angle of 5 to 20-preferably 10 to the horiæontal. This angled penetration of the soil results in the lateral flanges lifting the soil slightly and forming horizontal cracks which ex~end laterally from the base of the trench and consequently provide a penetration path for the plants root system. In addition the inclination of the implement allows a proportion of the displaced soil to fall into the trench undernea~h the edge oE the rear of said side portions. The soil which wou]d fall into the trench in this way is the moister lower soil layer. When the seed is initially covered by this moister layer, germination is enhanced. The bulk oE the soil will fall into the trench af-ter passage of the side portions.
Preferably the shaft and earth engaging portion are integra] ancl are formed by folding a metal blank to form an angled narrow leading face with two parallel vertical sides extending ~earwardly from the lower portion of said leading face and the upper portion being formed into a hollow recess shaped to receive a tine. Conveniently the lower edge of the leading face and a portion of the lower edge of the side por-tions are turned outwardly to form said lateral flange.
The width of the tillage implement of this inven-tion should be narrow to form only a narrow opening in the soil. The minimum width is determined by the thickness of the tine and the metal of the implement itself which is folded about said tine. A seed dropping tube is preferably located behind the tine and drops seed into the space between the two side portions at a location behind the shaft. These two parallel side portions do not displace soil but act to provide a space for the seed to fall to the bottom of the trench. Once the implement has moved on the soil falls back into the trench covering the seed. It is the substantially vertical sides of the two parallel side portions which make it possible to obtain neat return of the soil into the trench with good seed coverage. As mentioned above, some moister soil will fall into the trench under the edges of the side portions if the implement is inclined to the horizontal. It is preferred to increase this beneficial effect further by removing a triangular section from the lower edge of the rear section of said side portions.
A preferred embodiment of this invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 is a side view of the implement attached to a tine, Figure 3 is a ~ront perspective view, Figure 4 is a near perspective view, Figure 5 is a plan view, and Figure 6 is a perspective view of the implement secured to a tine.
The ~illage implement illustrated comprises a shaft 10, a leading point 11, a body portion 12 and trailing pane:Ls 13. The shaft is hollow and tapered internally to fit in frictional engagement on the foot of a complementary tine 18 of an agricultural machine as shown in Figure 6. The point ~37~
11 and body secti.on 12 in moving through the soil form a seed trench. Extending outwardly from the point 11 and body por-ti.on 12 is a f].ange 15 which acts to cut two lateral inci-sions in the boltom of the side walls of the seed trench and so provide a growth path for the plant's roots subsequent to germination. As shown in Figure 2, it is preferred to have the implement when mounted on a tine to be inclined about 10 to the horizontal.
The panels 13 provide a channel 16 behind the body section 12 into which a seed tube 19 can extend to drop seeds at predetermined intervals. The seed tube 19 is attached to the rear of the tine 180 After passage through the soil of the trailing panels 13 the displaced soil of the trench falls back into it lS to cover the seed and close the trench. As shown in Figure
2, the lower edge of the rear part of the traillng panels 13 can be inclined upwardly to increase the flow of soil into the seed trench from below said panels 13.
From the above it can be seen that the present invention provides a unique means of ensuring steady plant growth after seed planting using minimum tillage methods.
From the above it can be seen that the present invention provides a unique means of ensuring steady plant growth after seed planting using minimum tillage methods.
Claims (3)
1. A tillage implement comprising a hollow shaft portion having a recess adapted to receive a tine and an earth engaging portion located below said shaft portion and com-prising a soil contacting portion located forward of said shaft portion, and two parallel vertical side portions extending rearwardly and terminating behind the shaft portion, and an externally pro-jecting lateral flange located adjacent the lower edge of said earth engaging portion, and wherein the shaft and earth engaging portionscomprise an integral folded metal piece having an angled narrow leading face with said two side portions extending rearwardly from a lower portion of said leading face, and an upper portion of said piece forming said hollow recess.
2. A tillage implement as claimed in claim 1 wherein a lower edge of the leading face and a portion of a lower edge of the side portions are turned outwardly to form said lateral flange.
3. An agricultural machine comprising a frame, a plurality of tines and attached to each tine a tillage implement as defined in claim 1 wherein said tine is secured to the shaft of said tillage implement and a seed delivery tube extends down the rear of each tine to terminate between the two rear-wardly extending parallel side portions of said implement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPF1790/81 | 1981-12-02 | ||
| AUPF179081 | 1981-12-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1203717A true CA1203717A (en) | 1986-04-29 |
Family
ID=3769289
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000416229A Expired CA1203717A (en) | 1981-12-02 | 1982-11-24 | Tillage implement |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU9105682A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1203717A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013177662A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Bourgault Tillage Tools Ltd. | Furrowing tip and soil opener |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU583512B2 (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1989-05-04 | John Skyrme Allison | Building stumps support |
| CA1257130A (en) * | 1985-04-09 | 1989-07-11 | Austin T. Ryan | Mounting of ploughshares |
| AU648779B2 (en) * | 1985-04-09 | 1994-05-05 | Ryan Tillage Equipment Pty Ltd | Horticultural tool |
| AT523351B1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-03-15 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg | Soil cultivation device for the agricultural preparation of soil |
-
1981
- 1981-12-02 AU AU91056/82A patent/AU9105682A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1982
- 1982-11-24 CA CA000416229A patent/CA1203717A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013177662A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Bourgault Tillage Tools Ltd. | Furrowing tip and soil opener |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU9105682A (en) | 1983-12-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20030429 |