CA1202224A - Introduced in a respirator for a clinical use - Google Patents
Introduced in a respirator for a clinical useInfo
- Publication number
- CA1202224A CA1202224A CA000388692A CA388692A CA1202224A CA 1202224 A CA1202224 A CA 1202224A CA 000388692 A CA000388692 A CA 000388692A CA 388692 A CA388692 A CA 388692A CA 1202224 A CA1202224 A CA 1202224A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- control module
- respirator
- module
- data
- patient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
- A61M16/022—Control means therefor
- A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides a respirator for clini-cal use, comprising a pneumatic module and a control module connected to the pneumatic module by means of data lines and control lines. The pneumatic module comprises devices for con-nection to supplies of compressed gases which are fed to a pneu-matically operated pressure equalizer, which is connected to a mixing chamber controlled by a dual pressure switch from which there protrude two main manifolds which supply batteries of valves with series-connected resistances. One battery feeds an inhalation valve assembly, while the other feeds a control valve battery for the exhalation valve. The former feeds the patient's circuit and incorporates a flow transducer. The control module comprises a microprocessor incorporating a keyboard for receiving data and instructions and a cathode ray screen capable of simul-taneously displaying alpha-numeric and graphic information. The keyboard and the screen are connected to the microprocessor through the corresponding interphase units thereof. The data lines which connect the control module to the pneumatic module lead to a plurality of amplifying blocks followed by correspond-ing analog/digital converters. The data buses are also connect-ed to a plurality of optical couplers and amplifiers, which pro-duce signals controlling the various valves and members of the pneumatic module.
The present invention provides a respirator for clini-cal use, comprising a pneumatic module and a control module connected to the pneumatic module by means of data lines and control lines. The pneumatic module comprises devices for con-nection to supplies of compressed gases which are fed to a pneu-matically operated pressure equalizer, which is connected to a mixing chamber controlled by a dual pressure switch from which there protrude two main manifolds which supply batteries of valves with series-connected resistances. One battery feeds an inhalation valve assembly, while the other feeds a control valve battery for the exhalation valve. The former feeds the patient's circuit and incorporates a flow transducer. The control module comprises a microprocessor incorporating a keyboard for receiving data and instructions and a cathode ray screen capable of simul-taneously displaying alpha-numeric and graphic information. The keyboard and the screen are connected to the microprocessor through the corresponding interphase units thereof. The data lines which connect the control module to the pneumatic module lead to a plurality of amplifying blocks followed by correspond-ing analog/digital converters. The data buses are also connect-ed to a plurality of optical couplers and amplifiers, which pro-duce signals controlling the various valves and members of the pneumatic module.
Description
tfA~2~
The.presen.t invention relates to a respirator for cli-nical use.
The respirator of the present invention can be used in adult, child and new-born infant intensive care and resuscita-tionunits and can be used in all treatments requiring artificial ventilation, and has the important advantage that all the acces-sories normally used in these types of treatments are integrated, forming part of the basic equipment, which is the respirator.
According to the present invention there is provided a respirator for clinical use, comprising a pneumatic module and a control module connected to the pneumatic module by data lines and control lines, the.pneumatic module comprising means for con-nection to supplies of compressed gases, a pneumatically operated pxessure equalizer for receiving said compressed gases connected to a mixing chamber controlled by a dual pressure switch, two . ~D~ ~
main manifolds supplying batteries of valves with series-connected\
resistances extending ~rom the mixing chamber, one said bat-tery being coupled to an inhalation valve assembly, the other said bat-tery being coupled to an exhalation valve, said one battery feed-ing a patient supply line and incorporating a flow transducer, and said control module comprising a microprocessox associated with a keyboard for receiving data and instructions and a cathode ray screen for displaying alpha-numeric and graphic information, said data lines which connect the control module to the pneuma-tic module being connected in the control module to a plurality of amplifiers followed by analog/digital converters, which are . connected to ~he-~u~e~-e~the microprocessor~ said data buses also being connected to a plurality of amplifiers and optical cou-plers producing signals controlling components::of the pneumatic 30 module The respirator of this invention comprises two main mo-dules which will hereinafter be referred to as:
-- 1, -- ,, ~ f ,, ~v~a"~
~NEUMATIC UNIT
GENERAL CONTROL MODULE
The general contro1 module contains a microprocessor, preferably of 8 bits, including all its accessor~ and peripheral circuits. The microprocessor is controlled by various pneumatic and electromechanical controllers from data derived from sensors arranged throughout the pneumatic unit. This control takes place following the programmed instructions registered in permanent memories cooperating with the microprocessor. As the intercom-municating element between the operator of the respirator and the general control module, there is provided a keyboard ~hich per-mits data and instructions to be introduced and a cathode-ray s~creen capable of simultaneously displaying alpha-numerical data and graphic representations, by means of which the performance and effectiveness of the respirator is highly improved when com-pared with conventional respirators.
The pneumatic unit, in turn, comprises the respective manifolds for supplying gases compressed at the pressures normal-ly used in hospitals, as well as a mixer and a mixing chamher to supply the pati~nt with the appropriate amount of gases, and a plurality of valves, flow transducers, pressure regulators/ etc., all of which are duly interrelated with the control module to transmit and receive the adequate information to permit the com-plete auto~ation of the respirator.
More specifically, the pneumatic unit comprises:
a) a gas mixer b) a mixing chamber c) an inhalation valYe d~ an oxygen analyzer e) a flow transducer f) a system for controlling an expiraticn valve g~ an exhalation valve ... .
- ~v~z~
h~ a system for measuring the patient's pressure i) measuring and safety systems.
All these units~ as previously mentioned, are duly in-terrelated through corresponding optical couplers, analyzers, sensors, or other elements to the general control module, which is controlled hy a main processing unit based on a microproces-sor.
The supply of gas to the patient is regulated in composi-tion and pressure with the help of a gas mi~er. The gas mixer makes the air/O2 or O2/N2O mixture ~rom the corresponding gases under pressure, which reach same through suitable manifolds. The process used preferably consists in controlling the relative times of the passage of each gas through the same fixed resistance.
In this respect, it should be pointed out that the preferred em-bodiment uses a time controlled mixer, object of Spanish Utility Model No. 231,608.
The mixing chamber serves as a gas accumulator so that elevated instantaneous flows are obtained, besides permitting the homogenization of the mixture of gases.
From the mixing chamber there extends a manifold coupled to a battery of valves forming the inhalation valve assembly.
This valve comprises the end controller of the servo-system which regulates the rate of flow to the patient, depending on the sig-nal transmitted thereto by the flow transducer and on the instan-taneous value necessary at each moment. The practical embodi-ment of this valve is a battery of valves with a digital stepping.
Inserted :in the manifold which supplies the mixture of gases to the patient, there is a flow transducer, an element ~p6~Thl~r~3r~f~Dw ~
which permanently sends information~to the general control. This transducer has a bidirectional character, it has a low charge loss, and a rapid response.
I'he exhalation valve consists of a pneumatically operated ~l~a32~
membrane valve. The election of the pneumatic operating system is preferred due to the simplicity, reliability and lightness thereof.
The pneumatic controller of the expiration provides the pneumatic signals for the control of the exhalation valve, de-pending on the electrical signals received from the general con-trol. It uses 2 or compressed air as the pneumatic supply.
The system for measuring the patient's pressure compris-es a préssuré transducer and an electrically controlled three-way lQ valve, which permits the transducer to be periodically placed in communication with theatmosphere, to automatically measure same.
Finally, there are various elements, such as pressure switches, filters, and :unidirectional safety valves which func-tion as auxiliary measuring control and safety elements.
With respect to the general control module, it can be said that the same monitors all the elements of the system de-pending on the input signals, so that the functions requested and which are contained, in a programmed manner, in the memories in-corporated ther~in are carried out.
As the main active members, there is an 8 bit micropro-cessor provided with its corresponding RAM and ROM memory blocks, as well as its various associated circuits, such as output-input units, drivers, etc.
The programs regulating and controlling the operation ~1 6 ~ ~J C D
of the assembly are structured as clearly ~ m~t~-functional blocks, so that the writing of said programs i5 facilitated, ma-ximum use being made of the flexibility of the microprocessor, which also allows for the possibility ofincluding new functions at a later da-te, or of adapting the existing functions to speci-fic needs of any ~articular application.
For the in'troduction to the microprocessor of digital data and controls, there is used a keyboard which, in the prefer-, ~ .
, . . .
~2~
red embodiment of the respirator, comprises keys for diyits, keys for introducing parameters, ~nd keys for selecting the different functions.
The microprocessor includes various routines to verify parameters, monitoring the validity of the data introduced, both with respect to the number and combination thereof and to the ab-solute values of the digital data introduced, a circumstance which minimizes the possibility of erroneous use of the respira-tor.
The capacity of the microprocessor to effect arithmetic operations, permits the following parameters and variables to be computed:
Maximum alveolar pressure, resistance, correction of volumes, exhalation pressures, representation of curves, etc.
- In addition, the respirator is capable of displaying on the screen the simulated curves which would be the result of applying new respiratory conditions to the patient being treated.
This simulation can be ef~ected while ventilation continues with the pre-established parameters and only in the event that the new values are satisactory, can the operator request the chan~e in the ventilation of the patient, whose control is carried out by the microprocessor with the new parameters computed during simul-atiGn .
Another characteristic of this respirator resides in itscapacity to effect a "clinical history". ~Ience, reserving a cer-tain portion of the memory for stora~e, the values of the measured parameters of the patient during the last few hours can be accu-mulated therein. A simple comparison of each new value with the prior, automatically made value or values gi~es a clear idea of the tendency in the clinical evolution of the patient.
Likewise, there can be established advice or alarm con-ditions when certain absolute values are surpassed or ~ariations are produced.
The microprocessor controlled respirator eliminates the need for monitoring on the part of the operator, which is presently required by conventional respirators.
The pre~ent invention will be further illus-trated by way of the accompanying drawing, which shows a general scheme of the respirator in which the pneumatic unit and the general control module are clearly delimited.
Referring to the Figure, the manifolds 2, 3 and 4 of the pneumatic unit, which contain ni-trous oxide, oxygen and com-pressed air, respec-tively, are provided with -the corresponding pressure switches 18, l9a and l9b, a hand opera-ted pressure re-ducer 20 coupled to all the manifolds. The pressure reducer produces a reference pressure for the operation in the pressure equalizer 21. This pressure equalizer 21, which is pneumatically operated as previously mentioned, guarantees that the pressure of the two gases to be mixed, oxygen and air or oxygen and nitrous oxide, is the same.
The pressure equalizer 21 communicates with the mixing chamber 22 through the corresponding valve 23 to provide air/
N2O and valve 24 to provide 2' which valves reach a common flow resistor 25. The mixing chamber 22 permits the homogenization of the mlxture of gases and serves as a reserve to reduce the variations in pressure of the supply to the valves 7. Filling iof the mixing chamber 22 is controlled by the highly sensitive dual pressure switch 26, which acts on -the different valves of the mixer. Likewise, a safety valve 27 is incorporated which insures that the opera-ting pressure of the mixing chamber 22 will, in no event, be surpassed.
Further, there is an 2 analyzer 28 which, through valve 29 and its associated resistor 30, permits a sample of the gas contained in the mixing chamber 22 to be taken, analyzing it and thus verifying the corresponding fllnc-tioning o~ the mixer.
This oxygen analyzer 28 can be verified and corrected by cu-tting off the passage of gas from the mixing chamber 22 and allowing the necessary time to lapse so that the gas contained in the measuring chamber is only air.
The inhAlation valves 7, besides communicating wi-th the mixing chamber 22, converge in the flow transducer 15 of the patient's block. The instantaneous flow transducer is directional and is located close to the patient in the line common to both inhalation and exhalation. This -transducer 15 is joined to a block 31 which conditions the signal transmitted by the trans-ducer 15 and through line 32 sends it to the general control module 6.
A pressure transducer 11 is also connected to the pa-tient's circuit through the three-way valve 33. This arrangement permits the patient's circul-t to communicate with the atmosphere.
The respiration valve 14 is pneumatically controlled and can be closed completely or partially, a fact which permits continuous positive pressure to be generated during the exhala-tion phase. This valve 14 is controlled by a ba-ttery of valves controlling the final pressure. This permits a variable pres-sure to be generated which, applied to the control oE the valve 14, produces the closure or the desired pressure in the patient's circuit.
All these members are controlled by the general con--trol block 6 comprising an 8 bit rnicroprocessor 35, which through the various buses thereof communica-tes with the remaining ele-ments of the contro:L module, inter alia, the block or ROM storage memory 36 and the block or RAM storage memory 37.
The data, controls and functions are in-troduced by the keyboard 38, which is connected to -the microprocessor 35 through -the corresponding interphase and codifica-tion unit 39 thereof, while the visual represen-tation of the alpha-numeric or graphic information -takes place on a cathode ray screen 40 connected to the microprocessing system through the corresponding screen refreshing unit 41 thereof.
The blocks 42, 43 and 44 correspond to amplifier blocks and analog/digital converters which receive, respectively, the signals from the signal conditioner 31 of -the flow trans-ducer lS, from the pressure transducer ll and from -the 2 analy-zer 28 and the signals originating from -the various sensors arranged throughout the respirator which are connected to ter-minal block 45.
The blocks 46, 47, 48 and 49 comprise optical couplers and amplifiers for -the signals which, originating from this con-trol block 6, control the operation of the respirator. The second set of reference numerals indicates the devices in the pneumatic module with which they are associa-ted. The output block 49 is reserved for transmitting operating members having a minor functional importance.
In this diagram of the general control block the power supply has been omitted. Under normal conditions this should be connected to the mains supply. Electrical batteries are provided which are capable of guaranteeing the automatic func-tioning of the assembly for a determined period of time in the 'event of a power failure.
Thus, a program controlled respirator, which is capable of effecting a wide range of functions and modes of operation, discarding the human operator presently required by this type of device, is provided.
The.presen.t invention relates to a respirator for cli-nical use.
The respirator of the present invention can be used in adult, child and new-born infant intensive care and resuscita-tionunits and can be used in all treatments requiring artificial ventilation, and has the important advantage that all the acces-sories normally used in these types of treatments are integrated, forming part of the basic equipment, which is the respirator.
According to the present invention there is provided a respirator for clinical use, comprising a pneumatic module and a control module connected to the pneumatic module by data lines and control lines, the.pneumatic module comprising means for con-nection to supplies of compressed gases, a pneumatically operated pxessure equalizer for receiving said compressed gases connected to a mixing chamber controlled by a dual pressure switch, two . ~D~ ~
main manifolds supplying batteries of valves with series-connected\
resistances extending ~rom the mixing chamber, one said bat-tery being coupled to an inhalation valve assembly, the other said bat-tery being coupled to an exhalation valve, said one battery feed-ing a patient supply line and incorporating a flow transducer, and said control module comprising a microprocessox associated with a keyboard for receiving data and instructions and a cathode ray screen for displaying alpha-numeric and graphic information, said data lines which connect the control module to the pneuma-tic module being connected in the control module to a plurality of amplifiers followed by analog/digital converters, which are . connected to ~he-~u~e~-e~the microprocessor~ said data buses also being connected to a plurality of amplifiers and optical cou-plers producing signals controlling components::of the pneumatic 30 module The respirator of this invention comprises two main mo-dules which will hereinafter be referred to as:
-- 1, -- ,, ~ f ,, ~v~a"~
~NEUMATIC UNIT
GENERAL CONTROL MODULE
The general contro1 module contains a microprocessor, preferably of 8 bits, including all its accessor~ and peripheral circuits. The microprocessor is controlled by various pneumatic and electromechanical controllers from data derived from sensors arranged throughout the pneumatic unit. This control takes place following the programmed instructions registered in permanent memories cooperating with the microprocessor. As the intercom-municating element between the operator of the respirator and the general control module, there is provided a keyboard ~hich per-mits data and instructions to be introduced and a cathode-ray s~creen capable of simultaneously displaying alpha-numerical data and graphic representations, by means of which the performance and effectiveness of the respirator is highly improved when com-pared with conventional respirators.
The pneumatic unit, in turn, comprises the respective manifolds for supplying gases compressed at the pressures normal-ly used in hospitals, as well as a mixer and a mixing chamher to supply the pati~nt with the appropriate amount of gases, and a plurality of valves, flow transducers, pressure regulators/ etc., all of which are duly interrelated with the control module to transmit and receive the adequate information to permit the com-plete auto~ation of the respirator.
More specifically, the pneumatic unit comprises:
a) a gas mixer b) a mixing chamber c) an inhalation valYe d~ an oxygen analyzer e) a flow transducer f) a system for controlling an expiraticn valve g~ an exhalation valve ... .
- ~v~z~
h~ a system for measuring the patient's pressure i) measuring and safety systems.
All these units~ as previously mentioned, are duly in-terrelated through corresponding optical couplers, analyzers, sensors, or other elements to the general control module, which is controlled hy a main processing unit based on a microproces-sor.
The supply of gas to the patient is regulated in composi-tion and pressure with the help of a gas mi~er. The gas mixer makes the air/O2 or O2/N2O mixture ~rom the corresponding gases under pressure, which reach same through suitable manifolds. The process used preferably consists in controlling the relative times of the passage of each gas through the same fixed resistance.
In this respect, it should be pointed out that the preferred em-bodiment uses a time controlled mixer, object of Spanish Utility Model No. 231,608.
The mixing chamber serves as a gas accumulator so that elevated instantaneous flows are obtained, besides permitting the homogenization of the mixture of gases.
From the mixing chamber there extends a manifold coupled to a battery of valves forming the inhalation valve assembly.
This valve comprises the end controller of the servo-system which regulates the rate of flow to the patient, depending on the sig-nal transmitted thereto by the flow transducer and on the instan-taneous value necessary at each moment. The practical embodi-ment of this valve is a battery of valves with a digital stepping.
Inserted :in the manifold which supplies the mixture of gases to the patient, there is a flow transducer, an element ~p6~Thl~r~3r~f~Dw ~
which permanently sends information~to the general control. This transducer has a bidirectional character, it has a low charge loss, and a rapid response.
I'he exhalation valve consists of a pneumatically operated ~l~a32~
membrane valve. The election of the pneumatic operating system is preferred due to the simplicity, reliability and lightness thereof.
The pneumatic controller of the expiration provides the pneumatic signals for the control of the exhalation valve, de-pending on the electrical signals received from the general con-trol. It uses 2 or compressed air as the pneumatic supply.
The system for measuring the patient's pressure compris-es a préssuré transducer and an electrically controlled three-way lQ valve, which permits the transducer to be periodically placed in communication with theatmosphere, to automatically measure same.
Finally, there are various elements, such as pressure switches, filters, and :unidirectional safety valves which func-tion as auxiliary measuring control and safety elements.
With respect to the general control module, it can be said that the same monitors all the elements of the system de-pending on the input signals, so that the functions requested and which are contained, in a programmed manner, in the memories in-corporated ther~in are carried out.
As the main active members, there is an 8 bit micropro-cessor provided with its corresponding RAM and ROM memory blocks, as well as its various associated circuits, such as output-input units, drivers, etc.
The programs regulating and controlling the operation ~1 6 ~ ~J C D
of the assembly are structured as clearly ~ m~t~-functional blocks, so that the writing of said programs i5 facilitated, ma-ximum use being made of the flexibility of the microprocessor, which also allows for the possibility ofincluding new functions at a later da-te, or of adapting the existing functions to speci-fic needs of any ~articular application.
For the in'troduction to the microprocessor of digital data and controls, there is used a keyboard which, in the prefer-, ~ .
, . . .
~2~
red embodiment of the respirator, comprises keys for diyits, keys for introducing parameters, ~nd keys for selecting the different functions.
The microprocessor includes various routines to verify parameters, monitoring the validity of the data introduced, both with respect to the number and combination thereof and to the ab-solute values of the digital data introduced, a circumstance which minimizes the possibility of erroneous use of the respira-tor.
The capacity of the microprocessor to effect arithmetic operations, permits the following parameters and variables to be computed:
Maximum alveolar pressure, resistance, correction of volumes, exhalation pressures, representation of curves, etc.
- In addition, the respirator is capable of displaying on the screen the simulated curves which would be the result of applying new respiratory conditions to the patient being treated.
This simulation can be ef~ected while ventilation continues with the pre-established parameters and only in the event that the new values are satisactory, can the operator request the chan~e in the ventilation of the patient, whose control is carried out by the microprocessor with the new parameters computed during simul-atiGn .
Another characteristic of this respirator resides in itscapacity to effect a "clinical history". ~Ience, reserving a cer-tain portion of the memory for stora~e, the values of the measured parameters of the patient during the last few hours can be accu-mulated therein. A simple comparison of each new value with the prior, automatically made value or values gi~es a clear idea of the tendency in the clinical evolution of the patient.
Likewise, there can be established advice or alarm con-ditions when certain absolute values are surpassed or ~ariations are produced.
The microprocessor controlled respirator eliminates the need for monitoring on the part of the operator, which is presently required by conventional respirators.
The pre~ent invention will be further illus-trated by way of the accompanying drawing, which shows a general scheme of the respirator in which the pneumatic unit and the general control module are clearly delimited.
Referring to the Figure, the manifolds 2, 3 and 4 of the pneumatic unit, which contain ni-trous oxide, oxygen and com-pressed air, respec-tively, are provided with -the corresponding pressure switches 18, l9a and l9b, a hand opera-ted pressure re-ducer 20 coupled to all the manifolds. The pressure reducer produces a reference pressure for the operation in the pressure equalizer 21. This pressure equalizer 21, which is pneumatically operated as previously mentioned, guarantees that the pressure of the two gases to be mixed, oxygen and air or oxygen and nitrous oxide, is the same.
The pressure equalizer 21 communicates with the mixing chamber 22 through the corresponding valve 23 to provide air/
N2O and valve 24 to provide 2' which valves reach a common flow resistor 25. The mixing chamber 22 permits the homogenization of the mlxture of gases and serves as a reserve to reduce the variations in pressure of the supply to the valves 7. Filling iof the mixing chamber 22 is controlled by the highly sensitive dual pressure switch 26, which acts on -the different valves of the mixer. Likewise, a safety valve 27 is incorporated which insures that the opera-ting pressure of the mixing chamber 22 will, in no event, be surpassed.
Further, there is an 2 analyzer 28 which, through valve 29 and its associated resistor 30, permits a sample of the gas contained in the mixing chamber 22 to be taken, analyzing it and thus verifying the corresponding fllnc-tioning o~ the mixer.
This oxygen analyzer 28 can be verified and corrected by cu-tting off the passage of gas from the mixing chamber 22 and allowing the necessary time to lapse so that the gas contained in the measuring chamber is only air.
The inhAlation valves 7, besides communicating wi-th the mixing chamber 22, converge in the flow transducer 15 of the patient's block. The instantaneous flow transducer is directional and is located close to the patient in the line common to both inhalation and exhalation. This -transducer 15 is joined to a block 31 which conditions the signal transmitted by the trans-ducer 15 and through line 32 sends it to the general control module 6.
A pressure transducer 11 is also connected to the pa-tient's circuit through the three-way valve 33. This arrangement permits the patient's circul-t to communicate with the atmosphere.
The respiration valve 14 is pneumatically controlled and can be closed completely or partially, a fact which permits continuous positive pressure to be generated during the exhala-tion phase. This valve 14 is controlled by a ba-ttery of valves controlling the final pressure. This permits a variable pres-sure to be generated which, applied to the control oE the valve 14, produces the closure or the desired pressure in the patient's circuit.
All these members are controlled by the general con--trol block 6 comprising an 8 bit rnicroprocessor 35, which through the various buses thereof communica-tes with the remaining ele-ments of the contro:L module, inter alia, the block or ROM storage memory 36 and the block or RAM storage memory 37.
The data, controls and functions are in-troduced by the keyboard 38, which is connected to -the microprocessor 35 through -the corresponding interphase and codifica-tion unit 39 thereof, while the visual represen-tation of the alpha-numeric or graphic information -takes place on a cathode ray screen 40 connected to the microprocessing system through the corresponding screen refreshing unit 41 thereof.
The blocks 42, 43 and 44 correspond to amplifier blocks and analog/digital converters which receive, respectively, the signals from the signal conditioner 31 of -the flow trans-ducer lS, from the pressure transducer ll and from -the 2 analy-zer 28 and the signals originating from -the various sensors arranged throughout the respirator which are connected to ter-minal block 45.
The blocks 46, 47, 48 and 49 comprise optical couplers and amplifiers for -the signals which, originating from this con-trol block 6, control the operation of the respirator. The second set of reference numerals indicates the devices in the pneumatic module with which they are associa-ted. The output block 49 is reserved for transmitting operating members having a minor functional importance.
In this diagram of the general control block the power supply has been omitted. Under normal conditions this should be connected to the mains supply. Electrical batteries are provided which are capable of guaranteeing the automatic func-tioning of the assembly for a determined period of time in the 'event of a power failure.
Thus, a program controlled respirator, which is capable of effecting a wide range of functions and modes of operation, discarding the human operator presently required by this type of device, is provided.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A respirator for clinical use, comprising a pneuma-tic module and a control module connected to the pneumatic mo-dule by data lines and control lines, the pneumatic module com-prising means for connection to supplies of compressed gases, a pneumatically operated pressure equalizer for receiving said compressed gases connected to a mixing chamber controlled by a dual pressure switch, two main manifolds supplying batteries of valves with series-connected flow resistances extending from the mix-ing chamber, one said battery being coupled to an inhalation valve assembly, the other said battery being coupled to an exha-lation valve, said one battery feeding a patient supply line and incorporating a flow transducer, and said control module compris-ing a microprocessor associated with a keyboard for receiving data and instructions and a cathode ray screen for displaying alpha-numeric and graphic information, said data lines which connect the control module to the pneumatic module being connec-ted in the control module to a plurality of amplifiers followed by analog/digital converters which axe connected to the microprocessor data buses, said data buses also being connected to a plurality of amplifiers and optical couplers producing signals controlling components of the pneumatic module.
2. A respirator according to claim 1, in which the pneumatic module comprises a pressure transducer connected to a line to the patient through a three-way valve, one way communica-ting with the atmosphere, said three-way valve being controlled by the control module to permit the periodic and automatic measur-ing of the pressure.
3. A respirator according to claim 1, wherein the con-trol module receives data from an 02 analyzer, which is connected through a valve and its corresponding resistance to the mixing \
chamber, the control module including means for analyzing and evaluating the operation of the gas mixer to ensure periodic and automatic control.
chamber, the control module including means for analyzing and evaluating the operation of the gas mixer to ensure periodic and automatic control.
4. A respirator according to claim 1, wherein the flow transducer is bidirectional and located close to the patient in the line common to inhalation and exhalation, said flow transdu-cer sending a signal to a data line of the control module.
5. A respirator according to claim 1, in which the con-trol module has recorded in a memory a program which enables the respirator to operate in all assisted and controlled modes of respiration.
6. A respirator according to claim 1 or 5, in which the control module has recorded in a memory a program simulating the response which will be obtained in the clinical variables of the patient as a result of a change in operating parameters, control-led by the respirator, and which response is displayed on the ca-thode ray screen without any change in the actual operating para-meters.
7. A respirator according to claim 1 or 5, in which the cathode ray screen presents, in the form of stable curves, the data relating to pressure, volume and instananeous flow, which data are temporarily stored in a memory controlled by a controller inherent to the screen.
8. A respirator according to claim 1 or 5, in which the control module has memory addresses for storing the different clinical parameters of the patient for a certain period of time in order to form a data bank or clinical history of the patient.
9. A respirator according to claim 1 or 5, in which the control module has recorded in a memory a program which controls he operation of the keyboard so that it is always operated in a defined sequential manner, and which simultaneously checks the proposed values according to predetermined criteria to ensure that any proposed parameters which may lead to erroneous combi-nations or abnormal values are rejected by the respirator.
10. A respirator according to claim 1 or 5, in which the control module has permanently stored in a memory certain basic operating parameters which the equipment proposes to the operator at start-up of the respirator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES499,506 | 1981-02-17 | ||
| ES499506A ES8201825A1 (en) | 1981-02-17 | 1981-02-17 | A Respirator for Clinical Use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1202224A true CA1202224A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
Family
ID=8481881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000388692A Expired CA1202224A (en) | 1981-02-17 | 1981-10-26 | Introduced in a respirator for a clinical use |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57139341A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1202224A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3133697A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8201825A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2499850A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2093218B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE446064B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE430213B (en) * | 1981-03-10 | 1983-10-31 | Siemens Elema Ab | RESPIRATOR INTENDED TO BE CONNECTED TO THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL PATIENTS |
| NL8302011A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1985-01-02 | Trans Technics Eng | A METHOD FOR BREATHING A PATIENT AND AN APPARATUS FOR USING THIS METHOD |
| DE3327342A1 (en) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-07 | Peter 7800 Freiburg Pedersen | DEVICE FOR DETECTING AND EVALUATING THE PRESSURE IN THE BALLOON CUFF OF A CLOSED TRACHEAL TUBE |
| DE3434908A1 (en) * | 1984-09-22 | 1986-04-03 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | CONTROL UNIT FOR A BREATHING SYSTEM |
| DE3817053A1 (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1989-11-30 | Draegerwerk Ag | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A VENTILATION DEVICE AND DEVICE THEREFOR |
| DE3906202A1 (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-09-06 | Medicommerz Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING BREATH GAS |
| DE69424992T2 (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 2000-10-26 | Aradigm Corp., Hayward | Inhalation exercise device |
| DE29622321U1 (en) * | 1996-12-21 | 1997-03-06 | Medicap Medizintechnik GmbH, 35327 Ulrichstein | Device for dosed gas supply to users |
| DE19812392B4 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2006-03-09 | Gottlieb Weinmann - Geräte für Medizin und Arbeitsschutz - GmbH + Co KG | Respirator and device for performing ventilation |
| SE9801175D0 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1998-04-03 | Innotek Ab | Method and apparatus for optimizing mechanical ventilation based on simulation of the ventilation process after studying the physiology of the respiratory organs |
| US20120096381A1 (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc | Ventilator-Initiated Prompt In Response To Proposed Setting Adjustment |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6410707A (en) * | 1963-12-19 | 1965-06-21 | ||
| GB1364841A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1974-08-29 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Fluid mixing |
| CH549392A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1974-05-31 | Hoffmann La Roche | VENTILATION DEVICE WITH AUTOMATIC REGULATION OF PRESSURE AND FLOW OF BREATHING GAS. |
| DE2505670B2 (en) * | 1975-02-11 | 1978-11-30 | Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck | Ventilation system |
| US4034743A (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1977-07-12 | Airco, Inc. | Automated pulmonary function testing apparatus |
| FR2356408A1 (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1978-01-27 | Inst Nat Sante Rech Med | PROCESS FOR OPTIMIZING PULMONARY VENTILATION IN A SUBJECT SUBJECT TO ENDOTRACHEAL ASSISTED VENTILATION, AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
| DE2744327C2 (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1982-04-15 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Ventilation system |
| IT1096151B (en) * | 1978-03-16 | 1985-08-17 | Savelli Aulo | AUTOMATIC ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATOR, IN PARTICULAR FOR RESUSCITATION ROOMS AND FOR ANESTHESIA |
| DE2926747C2 (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1982-05-19 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Ventilation system with a ventilator controlled by patient values |
-
1981
- 1981-02-17 ES ES499506A patent/ES8201825A1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-08-26 GB GB8125980A patent/GB2093218B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-08-26 DE DE19813133697 patent/DE3133697A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-09-02 JP JP56139210A patent/JPS57139341A/en active Pending
- 1981-09-22 FR FR8117851A patent/FR2499850A1/en active Granted
- 1981-09-30 SE SE8105776A patent/SE446064B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-10-26 CA CA000388692A patent/CA1202224A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES499506A0 (en) | 1982-01-16 |
| JPS57139341A (en) | 1982-08-28 |
| ES8201825A1 (en) | 1982-01-16 |
| GB2093218A (en) | 1982-08-25 |
| SE446064B (en) | 1986-08-11 |
| DE3133697A1 (en) | 1982-08-26 |
| SE8105776L (en) | 1982-08-18 |
| FR2499850B1 (en) | 1984-10-26 |
| GB2093218B (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| FR2499850A1 (en) | 1982-08-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |