CA1202190A - Wall drainage system - Google Patents
Wall drainage systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1202190A CA1202190A CA000409685A CA409685A CA1202190A CA 1202190 A CA1202190 A CA 1202190A CA 000409685 A CA000409685 A CA 000409685A CA 409685 A CA409685 A CA 409685A CA 1202190 A CA1202190 A CA 1202190A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- drainage
- side edges
- panels
- grooves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention provides a wall drainage system for foundation walls which has particular though not exclusive application to the provision of drainage between shoring walls and concrete walls placed against such shoring walls. The drainage system comprises a cover of water-pervious filter material placed over the shoring wall to prevent passage of soil particles and a water-impervious cladding located over the cover. The cladding is formed of generally rectangular panels of water-impervious material arranged in edge-to-edge abutted relationship. One face of each panel is located against the cover, and has a plurality of vertical drainage grooves which are in fluid commun-ication with those of any subjacent or suprojacent abutting panel. Each panel of a lowermost row of panels has a plurality of horizontal drainage grooves formed in the other of its faces, which are in fluid communication with the vertical drainage grooves of the panel and which are also in fluid communication with the horizontal. drainage grooves of any abutting panel in the lowermost row so that these lowermost panels define a horizontal drainage conduit. A water-pervious filter material pre-vents entry of soil particles into the horizontal drainage conduit. A telescoping sleeve is placed in communication with the horizontal grooves of one or more of the panels of the lowermost row to drain the collected water into the drainage system of the building being constructed.
The invention provides a wall drainage system for foundation walls which has particular though not exclusive application to the provision of drainage between shoring walls and concrete walls placed against such shoring walls. The drainage system comprises a cover of water-pervious filter material placed over the shoring wall to prevent passage of soil particles and a water-impervious cladding located over the cover. The cladding is formed of generally rectangular panels of water-impervious material arranged in edge-to-edge abutted relationship. One face of each panel is located against the cover, and has a plurality of vertical drainage grooves which are in fluid commun-ication with those of any subjacent or suprojacent abutting panel. Each panel of a lowermost row of panels has a plurality of horizontal drainage grooves formed in the other of its faces, which are in fluid communication with the vertical drainage grooves of the panel and which are also in fluid communication with the horizontal. drainage grooves of any abutting panel in the lowermost row so that these lowermost panels define a horizontal drainage conduit. A water-pervious filter material pre-vents entry of soil particles into the horizontal drainage conduit. A telescoping sleeve is placed in communication with the horizontal grooves of one or more of the panels of the lowermost row to drain the collected water into the drainage system of the building being constructed.
Description
9~) FIELD OF THE INVENTION
.
The invention relates to a drainage system for foundation or underground, buried walls, and has particular al'hough not exclusive application to the provision of drainage between a shoring wall retain-ing adjacent soil and a concrete foundation wall placed against the shoring wall.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
, In conventional building practice, a found-ation wall is commonly waterproofed by application of a water-impervious membrane. A weeping tile drainage system is located at the foot of the foundation wall to drain soil water accumulating adjacent the wall. ~ problem which arises with such a drainage system is that the soil adjacent the wall above the weeping tile may not be sufficiently porous and water may tend to accumulate. The pressure associated with such a build up of water tends to cause water to penetrate through weak points in the water-proofing membrane.
A number of wall drainage systems which pro-vide more positive drainage of soil water have been ~r~
3~
proposed. For example, in U.S. patent No. 3,754,362 which issued on August 28, 1973 to Daimler et al, a conventional foundation wall is covered with a sealer coat, and a coarsely porous "fleece web" constructed of a thermoplastic material is adhesively bonded with the sealer coat. The fleece web is in direct contact with back fill and permits soil water in the back fill to drain vertically through the pours of the fleece web. A conventional drain pipe is located at the bottom of the fleece web to drain water accumulating at the foot of the foundation wall.
Another wall drainage system is proposed in U.S. patent No. 4~045,964 which issued on September ~, 1977 to Barclay. This drainage system involves placement of vertically-corrugated panels against a foundation wall. The corrugations define drainage channels against the foundation wall, and every second corrugation (spaced from the wall) is formed with vertically spaced apart slots that are angled relative to horizontal to prevent entry of the soil.
Soil water enters through the slots and travels between the wall and the panel until it empties through a horizontal opening at the bottom of the panels. The water then drains into a gravel bed in which is located a perforated drain pipe.
l~t~ 3~3 Still another drainage system is proposed in U.S. patent No. 4,309,855 which issued on January 12, 1982 to Pate et al. This drainage system involves water impermeable synthetic resin plates which are located side-by-side over a foundation wall. Each plate has a rectangular grid work of drainage grooves formed in an outer face which confronts adjacent back fill, and a film of water permeable strainer material is secured over the outer face to prevent entry of dirt into the grooves. A synthetic resin footer structure i~ formed at the bottom of each panel and consists of a perforated drainage pipe located within a synthetic resin beed pack, all of which is covered by the synthetic strainer material.
Such panels are intended not only tv provide vertical drainage, but when juxtaposed also define a horizontal drain pipe.
Still another water drainage system is disclosed in ~.S. patent No. 3,654,765 which issued on April 11, 1972 to Healy et al. In one em~odiment, the drainage system includes a panel locatable against a foundation wall and having vertical drainage grooves in one face thereof covered with a water-pervious filter material to prevent entry of dirt into the grooves. A lower end of each panel . ,: . .
3~) is rolled to form a pipe which is in fluid communi-cation with the vertical drainage grooves of the panel and which acts as a horizontal drai,nage conduit.
A problem with the drainage system members of the above prior art drainage systems is that they are not readily adapted to covering a varying expanse of foundation wall, and would likely have to be custom fabricated to accomodate foundation walls of unusual height. Another limitation associated with such prior art drainage system members is that they are not readily usable on major construction sites where a concrete foundation wall must be placed against shoring.
In major construction, particularly where buildings are extended to a lot line, shoring walls are required to prevent subsidence in adjacent properties. Concrete foundation walls are normally placed in a space defined between the shoring wall and interior forms and consequently there is little room or opportunity for workmen to install drainage systems of the type described in the above prior art patents. It is common practice in such construct-ion to apply waterproofing directly to the shoring wall prior to placing of concrete for foundation walls, and such waterproofing often takes the form of bentonite P~ 31") sheets which are nailed or otherwise secured to the shoring wall. These sheets are o~ a clay-like material which becomes water-impervious when pene-trated by water. However, leakage through such sheets is not uncommon especially when not carefully or properly installed and additionally they do nst provide any form of drainage for removal of water accumulating in adjacent soil. It will be appreciated that depending on the porousity of the soil retained by a particular shoring wall a considerable head of pressure can be developed in contained soil water which tends to force the soil water through the waterproofing material wherever a flaw is present.
It is a general object of the invention to provide a novel drainage system and drainage system members for use on a foundation wall, or the like, and a particular object of the invention to provide a drainage system which can be readily installed between a shoring wall and a concrete foundation wall which is to be placed against that shoring wall.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE_INVENTION
In a broad aspect the invention provides a wall drainage system member formed as a generally 9~
rectangular panel of water-impervious material.
One face of the panel has a plurality of drainag~
grooves which place a pair of opposing side edges in fluid communication. One of the opposing side edges is formed with a longitudinal groove which is in fluid communication with the drainage grooves and facilitates placing the drainage grooves of the panel in fluid communication with those of another panel abutted to the one of the opposing side edges, when the number of panels are located in edge-to-edge abutting relationship to form a water-impervious cladding with drainage means on a foundation wall or the like. In use, a cover of water-pervious filter material is located over at least the one of the opposing faces to prevent entry of soil particles into the drainage grooves, and can be a cover fixed to tne panel or applied during erection of a cladding on a foundation wall to one or more of the panels so assembled.
In another aspect the invention provides a wall drainage system member comprising a rectangular panel of water-impervious material in which a first plurality of drainage grooves formed in a first face of a panel place a first pair of opposing side edges in fluid communication and a second plurality of :
3~.) drainage grooves formed in the opposite face of the panel placed the second pair of opposing side edges in fluid communication. The second plurality of drainage grooves are in fluid communication with the first plurality of drainage grooves so that, in use, with the panel located against a foundation wall with the first pair of side edges horizontal oriented and the second pair of side edges vertic-ally oriented, water draining vertically through the first plurality of drainage grooves can travel hori-zontally in the second plurality of grooves. By arranging a plurality of such panels in edge-to-edge abutting relationship with the second plurality of drainage grooves in each panel in fluid communi-cation, the panels can effectively define an aper-tured, horizontal drain. In use, a water-pervious cover material is located on the opposing faces of the panel and at least one of the first pair of side edges to prevent entry of soil particles into the drainage grooves.
In another aspect the invention provides a drainage system particularly suited for use on a generally vertical shoring wall against which a concrete foundation wall will be placed. The drain-age system comprises a cover of water-pervious filter .
.
3~3 material secured over the shoring wall to prevent passage of soil particles. A substantially water-impervious cladding is formed of generally rect-angular panels of water-impervious material located in an edge-to-edge abutted relationship over the cover. Each panel has a pair of opposing faces, a pair of opposing generally horizontal upper and lower side edges and a pair of opposing, generally vertical side edges. One face of each panel is located against the cover, and this one face has a plurality of drainage grooves which place the upper and lower side edges in fluid communication.
The first plurality of drainage grooves of each panel are also placed in fluid communication at the lower side edge of the panel with the first plurality of drainage grooves in any panel which abutts the lower side edge of the panel. In this manner soil water passing through the vertical shoring wall tends to drain vertically through the cladding.
In the drainage system, the panels of the cladding preferably comprise a lowermost row of panels each of which has a second plurality of drainage grooves which are formed in the other of 25 the opposing faces of the panel, which place the opposing vertical side edges of the panel in fluid communication and which are in fluid communication with the first plurality of drainage grooves in the panel. The second plurality of drainage grooves in each of the panels in the lowermost row is placed in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves of any panel and lowermost row abutting one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel so that the lowermost row of panels define a horizontal drainage conduit. By locating water-pervious cover material over the panels of the lower-most row the entry of soil particles into the hori-zontal drainage conduit can be prevented, and also entry of fluid concrete or the like when placed against the cladding-BRIEF DES~RIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
.
Objects or advantages of the invention will be better understood with reference to drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a fragmented perspective view illustrating the installation of a preferred embodiment of the drainage system against a shoring wall of a construction site;
3~1 Fig. 2 is a fragmented perspective view of a first drainage system member;
Fig. 3 is a view along the lines of 3-3 of Fig. 2 detailing certain structure of the first drainage system member;
Fig. 4 is a fxagmented perspective view of a second drainage system member;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 5-5 of Fig. 4 further detailing the construction of the second drainage system member;
Fig. 6 is a fragmented cross-sectional view detailing the co-operation of the first and second drainage system members and the atkachment of a drainage sleeve;
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a drainage system member incorporating the functions of both the first and second dra-nage system members; and, Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 8-8 of Fig. 7 further detailing the construction of the drainage system member in Fig. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMEMTS
Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment 10 of the drainage system installed during the erection of a foundation wall in construction typical of major building construction today in which construction extends substantially to the lot line 12 of a site. Steel beams 14 are placed at predeter-mined intervals in the soil at the perimeter of thesite, and excavation then begins. As excavation pro-ceeds, shoring timbers 16 are lodged between the beams 14 to provide a shoring wall that prevents subsidence in the soil 18 of adjoining properties.
When the site has been excavated to a required depth, a concrete footing 20 is placed and gravel 22 is deposited where a concrete interior floor will eventually be placed. Plywood forms 24 reinforced by strongbacks 26 are located on the footing 20 spaced from the shoring wall to define a cavity in which a concrete foundation wall is to be placed.
Tie rods 28 (only one specifical y indicated) are extended from the beams 14 through the strongbacks 26 to prevent displacement of the placing forms 24 when concrete is placed. It will be appreciated that except for the drainage system 10 the construction above is conventional and details ofsuch construction will be readily apparent to pexsons skilled in the construction arts.
~.,,;
~t'~ 3~3 The techniques of providing drainage for foundation walls described in the prior art patents above are not particularly useful in such circumstances because there is no possibility of providing a drainage system subsequent to the placing of the foundation wall. Conventional practice in such cir-cumstances is to apply a waterproofing membrane to the shoring wall prior to placing of the foundation wall.
However, as will be apparent from Fig. 1 and the description below, the drainage system 10 of the present invention can be conveniently installed in such circumstances.
The drainage system 10 includes a cover 30 of water-pervious filter material which is placed against the shoring wall by tacking or with a suitable adhesive or by anv other suitable method for temporary fixing. The filter material is preferably spun-bonced polypropyl-ene which is commonly used in drainage applications to retain soil but freely pass water. A substantially water-impervious cladding with drainage means is secured over the cover 30 either adhesively or by nailing, pinning or clipping to the shoring timbers 16. me cladding is constructed of a plurality of water-impervious panels of generally rectangular shape which are arranged in edge-to-edge abutted relationship. The cladding is formed of two types of panels, a panel 32 being ::
~s~
- :L5 typical of a first type which are used to cover the greater expanse of the shoring wall. All of the panels of either type are formed of a synthetic resin material which is preferably foamed, closed-celled polysterene. The panels consequently provide not only a drainage system but also a measure of insulation.
The panel 32 is illustrated in detail in the view of Figs. 2 and 3. The panel 32 has a pair of opposing faces 36, 38, a first pair of opposing side edges 40, 42 which are horizontally oriented in use and a second pair of opposing side edges 44, 46 which are vertically oriented in use. A plurality 48 of parallel, straight vertically orient-oriented drainage grooves are cut into the face 36 to place the upper and lower horizontal side edges 40, 42 in fluid communication. During installation, the face 36 is located against the cover 30 so that soil wa~er escaping from the shoring wall can drain downwardly through the vertical drainage grooves 48. The lower horizontal side edge 42 of the panel 32 is formed with a longitudinal groove or channel 50 which, as apparent in view of Fig. 3, is in fluid communication with the vertical drainage grooves 48. The channel 50 facilitates placing the vertical drainage grooves 48 in fluid communication with the drainage grooves of an underlying panel to permit ?;~ 9~) uninterrupted vertical drainage of soil water in the cladding. When the panels of the first type are stacked one atop another, channels such as the channel 50 in each of the panels eliminate the need for perfect alignment of vertical drainage grooves which can be improtant when a large expanse of wall is to be covered. It will be appreciated that a channel such as the channel 50 can alternatively be located in the upper horizontal side edgé 40 or out of an abundance of caution in both the upper and lower side edges 40, 42.
The cladding includes a lowermost row 52 of panels which define a horizontal drainage pipe.
A typical panel 54 in the lowermost row is better illustrated in the view of Figs. 4-6. The panel 54 has a height of about 5 inches, a thickness of about 2 inches and a length of abGut 2 feet. The panel 54 has a pair of opposing faces 56, 58, a first pair of opposing side edges 60, 62 which are horizontally oriented in use, and a second pair of opposing side edges 64, 66 which are vertically oriented in use.
A first plurality 68 of vertical drainage grooves, substantially straight and parallel, are cut into the face 56 and place the upper and lower horizontal side edges 60, 62 in fluid communication. A second 3~3 - 17 ~
plurality 70 of horizontal grooves, substantially straight, parallel and at riyht angles to the groove 68, are cut into the face 58. Each set of grooves 68, 70 is cut deeper than the centre of the panel 54 so that the grooves 68, 70 are in fluid communication, as apparent in the view of Fig. 5 which is parallel to a planar wall 72 that in part defines one of the ver-tical grooves 68. Thus, as will be readily appreciated from the cross-sectional view of Fig. 6, soil water descending through the vertical drainage grooves 4~
of the panel 32 enters the channel 50 at the bottom of the panel 32, flows into the vertical drainage grooves 68 of the panel 54 and then into the horizontal drainage grooves 70. As apparent in the view of Fig.
4, the panel 54 is abutted at its vertical side edge 66 with a substantially identical panel 74 to permit horizontal drainage of soil water between the panels 54, 74. Since the panels of the lowermost row 52 are the first to be located about the cover 30 there is little problem in aligning the horizontal grooves of the panels. However, to ensure proper fluid communication between the panels 54, 74 the side edge 62 of the panel 54 is preferably formed with a longitudinal groove or channel 76 (much like the channe7 50 except vertically oriented) which is in lf~f~
fluid communication with the horizontal grooves 70.
A telescoping sleeve 78 serves to conduct water from the lowermost row 52 of panels. The sleeve 78 is fixed to panel 54 prior to placing of the concrete foundation wall, and will ultimately be connected to a drainage system (not illustrated) to be installed in the building under construction.
A generally rectangular flange 80 is fastened at an end 82 of the sleeve 78, and a number of nails 84 pass through pre-drilled holes in the flange 80 to secure the flange 80 and sleeve 78 to the panel 54.
A flange 81 attached to an opposite end 83 of the sleeve 78 is fixed to the form 24 in a similar manner so that the sleeve 78 remains properly positioned during placing of concrete. The telescoping nature of the sleeve 78 permits the sleeve length to be adjusted during installation so that the sleeve 78 fully spans the cavity defined between the panels and the form 24 and is not filled with concrete during placing. The sleeve end 82 is preferably formed with a circumferential, longitudinally ex-tending bead which can compress the filter material of the panel 54 during attachment to provide a relatively tight seal for excluding fluid concrete.
It will be appreciated that the cover member 30 must 3~
be extended about ~ach panel of the lowermost row 52 and be adhesively or mechanically attached to the panels of the cladding to prevent concrete from entering into the horizontal drainage grooves (or elsewhere) during placing of the foundation wall.
Additionally, the joints between all panels will be caulked or taped to prevent passage of water and additionally to pre~ent the intrusion of concrete during placing.
The cover 30 need not be constructed with sheets applied directly to the shoring wall. The cover 30 can instead be formed by individual sheets of filter material attached directly to the individ-ual panels of the cladding~ These sheets can be pre-wrapped about the panels by taping, adhesive or heat bonding, mechanical attachment or any combination of these, as appropriate, to prevent entry of soil particles into the drainage grooves during use. Such an arrange-ment is considered to be part of the invention, and to fall within the ambit of the appended claims. A preferred method of attachment for panels constructed of a material such as poly-styrene is to cut a slit into the material and to wedge the filt~r mhterial into the slit. It may in some instances be preferable for ease of installation to provide panels with filtering material alreadyattached rather than applying the filtering material to a shoring wall.
Prior to placing of the concrete foundation wall, all exposed groove ends in the panels should be ....
t'~
covered with filter material or blocked with tape or a cement appropriate to the materials of the panels.
In particular, the drainage grooves may be exposed at the uppermost row of panels and should be approp-riately covered to prevent entry of dirt or cement.Similarly, it can be expected that the ends of the lowermost row 52 may need to be covered. All such openings should be sealed or covered in any manner considered appropriate for the particular installation.
When the drainage system 10 is in use, soil water would tend to flow vertically through successive rows of panels such as the panel 32. The cover 30 will tend to keep soil from infiltrating the vertical drainage grooves of the panel and from consequently obstructing the flow of water or entering the building drainage system. The soil water will eventually descend into the lowermost row 52 of panels, and travel horizontally until reaching drainage means such as the sleeve 78, positioned at intervals along the lowermost row 52 of panels.
The soil water will then drain into the internal drainage system of the building for removal.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment 86 of the panel 54 in which similar com-ponents have been labeled with similar reference 3~
numerals followed by the letter "a". The panel 86 has a height of about 4 feet, a width of about 2 feet, and a thickness of a~out 1~ inches (but can be dimensioned as desired). The vertical drainage grooves 68a of the panel 86 are considerably longer than those of the panel 54, and the horizontal grooves 70a of the panel 86 are now considerably spaced from the upper horizontal edge 60a and located adjacent the lower horizontal side edge 62a. It will be readily appreciated that the panel 86 combines the functions of the panels 32, 54, permitting a large extent of the shoring wall to be covered and also providing horizontal drainage grooves 70a which together with the grooves of similar abutted panels can define a horizontal drainage pipe as does the lowermost row 52~ A vertical groove 76a in fluid com~.unication with the horizontal grooves 70a at the side-edge 44a facilitates the ?lacina of the grooves 70a in fluid communication when the panel 86 is abutted at the side edge 44a with a similar panel.
A cover 90 of filter material ~illustrated fragmented) extends over the face 36a, bottom edge 42a and the horizontal grooves 70a of the face 38a. The cover 90 extends about 1 inch over the top edge of the panel 86 and about ql inch beyond either side edse -;
' ' ~r~ {.3~3 - 22 ~
44a, 46a to permit overlappiny of cover material on a suprajacent panel and formation of compression seals with panels adjacent at either side ~dge 44a, 46a. The compression seals are formed by allow-ing the cover material at the side edges of the panelsto fold against one another. The cover 90 can be mechanically fastened or adhesively or heat bonded where materials are suitable to the panel 86. To ensure that concrete placed against the panel face 38a does not dislodge the cover 90 the edge portion 92 of the cover 90 is preferably ~aped to the face 38a or fitted into a slit formed in the face 38a.
In all applications involving the present invention, tape may be used to secure loose edges of a cover material if it appears that placement of concrete may dislodge the edges from associated panels.
The drainage system 10 can also be used in construction where a shoring wall is not required and the construction site has been excavated more ~?~
fully about the location of a foundation wall. In such circumstances, the drainage system can be assembled following ereCtiQn of the foundation wall.
The panels are preferably adhesively secured to the foundation wall in edge to-edge abutting relationship with vertical drainage grooves and filter material facing outwardly. Thus, for example, the panel 32 would have its face 38 secured to the foundation wall and the panel 54 would have its face 58 secured to the wall. Panels such as the panel 32 would now preferably be individually covered with filter material at least on their faces having vertical drainage grooves, and the panels such as the panel 54, individually wrapped with filter material.
Seams between panels of the cladding would of course be caulked or sealed with a suitable tape to prevent passage of water. Drainage in such circumstances is the.same as before, with a sleeve being cast or otherwise located in the foundation wall and pro-truding slightly to form a seal against one of the panels when backfill exerts pressure on the panels.
Alternatively, the lowermost row of panels of the same type as panel 54 can be eliminated and a co;nven-tional weeping tile system installed.
It will be appreciated that a particular embodiment of a drainage system and its constituant members has been described, and that modifications of a workshop nature may be made in these without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
.
The invention relates to a drainage system for foundation or underground, buried walls, and has particular al'hough not exclusive application to the provision of drainage between a shoring wall retain-ing adjacent soil and a concrete foundation wall placed against the shoring wall.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
, In conventional building practice, a found-ation wall is commonly waterproofed by application of a water-impervious membrane. A weeping tile drainage system is located at the foot of the foundation wall to drain soil water accumulating adjacent the wall. ~ problem which arises with such a drainage system is that the soil adjacent the wall above the weeping tile may not be sufficiently porous and water may tend to accumulate. The pressure associated with such a build up of water tends to cause water to penetrate through weak points in the water-proofing membrane.
A number of wall drainage systems which pro-vide more positive drainage of soil water have been ~r~
3~
proposed. For example, in U.S. patent No. 3,754,362 which issued on August 28, 1973 to Daimler et al, a conventional foundation wall is covered with a sealer coat, and a coarsely porous "fleece web" constructed of a thermoplastic material is adhesively bonded with the sealer coat. The fleece web is in direct contact with back fill and permits soil water in the back fill to drain vertically through the pours of the fleece web. A conventional drain pipe is located at the bottom of the fleece web to drain water accumulating at the foot of the foundation wall.
Another wall drainage system is proposed in U.S. patent No. 4~045,964 which issued on September ~, 1977 to Barclay. This drainage system involves placement of vertically-corrugated panels against a foundation wall. The corrugations define drainage channels against the foundation wall, and every second corrugation (spaced from the wall) is formed with vertically spaced apart slots that are angled relative to horizontal to prevent entry of the soil.
Soil water enters through the slots and travels between the wall and the panel until it empties through a horizontal opening at the bottom of the panels. The water then drains into a gravel bed in which is located a perforated drain pipe.
l~t~ 3~3 Still another drainage system is proposed in U.S. patent No. 4,309,855 which issued on January 12, 1982 to Pate et al. This drainage system involves water impermeable synthetic resin plates which are located side-by-side over a foundation wall. Each plate has a rectangular grid work of drainage grooves formed in an outer face which confronts adjacent back fill, and a film of water permeable strainer material is secured over the outer face to prevent entry of dirt into the grooves. A synthetic resin footer structure i~ formed at the bottom of each panel and consists of a perforated drainage pipe located within a synthetic resin beed pack, all of which is covered by the synthetic strainer material.
Such panels are intended not only tv provide vertical drainage, but when juxtaposed also define a horizontal drain pipe.
Still another water drainage system is disclosed in ~.S. patent No. 3,654,765 which issued on April 11, 1972 to Healy et al. In one em~odiment, the drainage system includes a panel locatable against a foundation wall and having vertical drainage grooves in one face thereof covered with a water-pervious filter material to prevent entry of dirt into the grooves. A lower end of each panel . ,: . .
3~) is rolled to form a pipe which is in fluid communi-cation with the vertical drainage grooves of the panel and which acts as a horizontal drai,nage conduit.
A problem with the drainage system members of the above prior art drainage systems is that they are not readily adapted to covering a varying expanse of foundation wall, and would likely have to be custom fabricated to accomodate foundation walls of unusual height. Another limitation associated with such prior art drainage system members is that they are not readily usable on major construction sites where a concrete foundation wall must be placed against shoring.
In major construction, particularly where buildings are extended to a lot line, shoring walls are required to prevent subsidence in adjacent properties. Concrete foundation walls are normally placed in a space defined between the shoring wall and interior forms and consequently there is little room or opportunity for workmen to install drainage systems of the type described in the above prior art patents. It is common practice in such construct-ion to apply waterproofing directly to the shoring wall prior to placing of concrete for foundation walls, and such waterproofing often takes the form of bentonite P~ 31") sheets which are nailed or otherwise secured to the shoring wall. These sheets are o~ a clay-like material which becomes water-impervious when pene-trated by water. However, leakage through such sheets is not uncommon especially when not carefully or properly installed and additionally they do nst provide any form of drainage for removal of water accumulating in adjacent soil. It will be appreciated that depending on the porousity of the soil retained by a particular shoring wall a considerable head of pressure can be developed in contained soil water which tends to force the soil water through the waterproofing material wherever a flaw is present.
It is a general object of the invention to provide a novel drainage system and drainage system members for use on a foundation wall, or the like, and a particular object of the invention to provide a drainage system which can be readily installed between a shoring wall and a concrete foundation wall which is to be placed against that shoring wall.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE_INVENTION
In a broad aspect the invention provides a wall drainage system member formed as a generally 9~
rectangular panel of water-impervious material.
One face of the panel has a plurality of drainag~
grooves which place a pair of opposing side edges in fluid communication. One of the opposing side edges is formed with a longitudinal groove which is in fluid communication with the drainage grooves and facilitates placing the drainage grooves of the panel in fluid communication with those of another panel abutted to the one of the opposing side edges, when the number of panels are located in edge-to-edge abutting relationship to form a water-impervious cladding with drainage means on a foundation wall or the like. In use, a cover of water-pervious filter material is located over at least the one of the opposing faces to prevent entry of soil particles into the drainage grooves, and can be a cover fixed to tne panel or applied during erection of a cladding on a foundation wall to one or more of the panels so assembled.
In another aspect the invention provides a wall drainage system member comprising a rectangular panel of water-impervious material in which a first plurality of drainage grooves formed in a first face of a panel place a first pair of opposing side edges in fluid communication and a second plurality of :
3~.) drainage grooves formed in the opposite face of the panel placed the second pair of opposing side edges in fluid communication. The second plurality of drainage grooves are in fluid communication with the first plurality of drainage grooves so that, in use, with the panel located against a foundation wall with the first pair of side edges horizontal oriented and the second pair of side edges vertic-ally oriented, water draining vertically through the first plurality of drainage grooves can travel hori-zontally in the second plurality of grooves. By arranging a plurality of such panels in edge-to-edge abutting relationship with the second plurality of drainage grooves in each panel in fluid communi-cation, the panels can effectively define an aper-tured, horizontal drain. In use, a water-pervious cover material is located on the opposing faces of the panel and at least one of the first pair of side edges to prevent entry of soil particles into the drainage grooves.
In another aspect the invention provides a drainage system particularly suited for use on a generally vertical shoring wall against which a concrete foundation wall will be placed. The drain-age system comprises a cover of water-pervious filter .
.
3~3 material secured over the shoring wall to prevent passage of soil particles. A substantially water-impervious cladding is formed of generally rect-angular panels of water-impervious material located in an edge-to-edge abutted relationship over the cover. Each panel has a pair of opposing faces, a pair of opposing generally horizontal upper and lower side edges and a pair of opposing, generally vertical side edges. One face of each panel is located against the cover, and this one face has a plurality of drainage grooves which place the upper and lower side edges in fluid communication.
The first plurality of drainage grooves of each panel are also placed in fluid communication at the lower side edge of the panel with the first plurality of drainage grooves in any panel which abutts the lower side edge of the panel. In this manner soil water passing through the vertical shoring wall tends to drain vertically through the cladding.
In the drainage system, the panels of the cladding preferably comprise a lowermost row of panels each of which has a second plurality of drainage grooves which are formed in the other of 25 the opposing faces of the panel, which place the opposing vertical side edges of the panel in fluid communication and which are in fluid communication with the first plurality of drainage grooves in the panel. The second plurality of drainage grooves in each of the panels in the lowermost row is placed in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves of any panel and lowermost row abutting one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel so that the lowermost row of panels define a horizontal drainage conduit. By locating water-pervious cover material over the panels of the lower-most row the entry of soil particles into the hori-zontal drainage conduit can be prevented, and also entry of fluid concrete or the like when placed against the cladding-BRIEF DES~RIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
.
Objects or advantages of the invention will be better understood with reference to drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a fragmented perspective view illustrating the installation of a preferred embodiment of the drainage system against a shoring wall of a construction site;
3~1 Fig. 2 is a fragmented perspective view of a first drainage system member;
Fig. 3 is a view along the lines of 3-3 of Fig. 2 detailing certain structure of the first drainage system member;
Fig. 4 is a fxagmented perspective view of a second drainage system member;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 5-5 of Fig. 4 further detailing the construction of the second drainage system member;
Fig. 6 is a fragmented cross-sectional view detailing the co-operation of the first and second drainage system members and the atkachment of a drainage sleeve;
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a drainage system member incorporating the functions of both the first and second dra-nage system members; and, Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 8-8 of Fig. 7 further detailing the construction of the drainage system member in Fig. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMEMTS
Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment 10 of the drainage system installed during the erection of a foundation wall in construction typical of major building construction today in which construction extends substantially to the lot line 12 of a site. Steel beams 14 are placed at predeter-mined intervals in the soil at the perimeter of thesite, and excavation then begins. As excavation pro-ceeds, shoring timbers 16 are lodged between the beams 14 to provide a shoring wall that prevents subsidence in the soil 18 of adjoining properties.
When the site has been excavated to a required depth, a concrete footing 20 is placed and gravel 22 is deposited where a concrete interior floor will eventually be placed. Plywood forms 24 reinforced by strongbacks 26 are located on the footing 20 spaced from the shoring wall to define a cavity in which a concrete foundation wall is to be placed.
Tie rods 28 (only one specifical y indicated) are extended from the beams 14 through the strongbacks 26 to prevent displacement of the placing forms 24 when concrete is placed. It will be appreciated that except for the drainage system 10 the construction above is conventional and details ofsuch construction will be readily apparent to pexsons skilled in the construction arts.
~.,,;
~t'~ 3~3 The techniques of providing drainage for foundation walls described in the prior art patents above are not particularly useful in such circumstances because there is no possibility of providing a drainage system subsequent to the placing of the foundation wall. Conventional practice in such cir-cumstances is to apply a waterproofing membrane to the shoring wall prior to placing of the foundation wall.
However, as will be apparent from Fig. 1 and the description below, the drainage system 10 of the present invention can be conveniently installed in such circumstances.
The drainage system 10 includes a cover 30 of water-pervious filter material which is placed against the shoring wall by tacking or with a suitable adhesive or by anv other suitable method for temporary fixing. The filter material is preferably spun-bonced polypropyl-ene which is commonly used in drainage applications to retain soil but freely pass water. A substantially water-impervious cladding with drainage means is secured over the cover 30 either adhesively or by nailing, pinning or clipping to the shoring timbers 16. me cladding is constructed of a plurality of water-impervious panels of generally rectangular shape which are arranged in edge-to-edge abutted relationship. The cladding is formed of two types of panels, a panel 32 being ::
~s~
- :L5 typical of a first type which are used to cover the greater expanse of the shoring wall. All of the panels of either type are formed of a synthetic resin material which is preferably foamed, closed-celled polysterene. The panels consequently provide not only a drainage system but also a measure of insulation.
The panel 32 is illustrated in detail in the view of Figs. 2 and 3. The panel 32 has a pair of opposing faces 36, 38, a first pair of opposing side edges 40, 42 which are horizontally oriented in use and a second pair of opposing side edges 44, 46 which are vertically oriented in use. A plurality 48 of parallel, straight vertically orient-oriented drainage grooves are cut into the face 36 to place the upper and lower horizontal side edges 40, 42 in fluid communication. During installation, the face 36 is located against the cover 30 so that soil wa~er escaping from the shoring wall can drain downwardly through the vertical drainage grooves 48. The lower horizontal side edge 42 of the panel 32 is formed with a longitudinal groove or channel 50 which, as apparent in view of Fig. 3, is in fluid communication with the vertical drainage grooves 48. The channel 50 facilitates placing the vertical drainage grooves 48 in fluid communication with the drainage grooves of an underlying panel to permit ?;~ 9~) uninterrupted vertical drainage of soil water in the cladding. When the panels of the first type are stacked one atop another, channels such as the channel 50 in each of the panels eliminate the need for perfect alignment of vertical drainage grooves which can be improtant when a large expanse of wall is to be covered. It will be appreciated that a channel such as the channel 50 can alternatively be located in the upper horizontal side edgé 40 or out of an abundance of caution in both the upper and lower side edges 40, 42.
The cladding includes a lowermost row 52 of panels which define a horizontal drainage pipe.
A typical panel 54 in the lowermost row is better illustrated in the view of Figs. 4-6. The panel 54 has a height of about 5 inches, a thickness of about 2 inches and a length of abGut 2 feet. The panel 54 has a pair of opposing faces 56, 58, a first pair of opposing side edges 60, 62 which are horizontally oriented in use, and a second pair of opposing side edges 64, 66 which are vertically oriented in use.
A first plurality 68 of vertical drainage grooves, substantially straight and parallel, are cut into the face 56 and place the upper and lower horizontal side edges 60, 62 in fluid communication. A second 3~3 - 17 ~
plurality 70 of horizontal grooves, substantially straight, parallel and at riyht angles to the groove 68, are cut into the face 58. Each set of grooves 68, 70 is cut deeper than the centre of the panel 54 so that the grooves 68, 70 are in fluid communication, as apparent in the view of Fig. 5 which is parallel to a planar wall 72 that in part defines one of the ver-tical grooves 68. Thus, as will be readily appreciated from the cross-sectional view of Fig. 6, soil water descending through the vertical drainage grooves 4~
of the panel 32 enters the channel 50 at the bottom of the panel 32, flows into the vertical drainage grooves 68 of the panel 54 and then into the horizontal drainage grooves 70. As apparent in the view of Fig.
4, the panel 54 is abutted at its vertical side edge 66 with a substantially identical panel 74 to permit horizontal drainage of soil water between the panels 54, 74. Since the panels of the lowermost row 52 are the first to be located about the cover 30 there is little problem in aligning the horizontal grooves of the panels. However, to ensure proper fluid communication between the panels 54, 74 the side edge 62 of the panel 54 is preferably formed with a longitudinal groove or channel 76 (much like the channe7 50 except vertically oriented) which is in lf~f~
fluid communication with the horizontal grooves 70.
A telescoping sleeve 78 serves to conduct water from the lowermost row 52 of panels. The sleeve 78 is fixed to panel 54 prior to placing of the concrete foundation wall, and will ultimately be connected to a drainage system (not illustrated) to be installed in the building under construction.
A generally rectangular flange 80 is fastened at an end 82 of the sleeve 78, and a number of nails 84 pass through pre-drilled holes in the flange 80 to secure the flange 80 and sleeve 78 to the panel 54.
A flange 81 attached to an opposite end 83 of the sleeve 78 is fixed to the form 24 in a similar manner so that the sleeve 78 remains properly positioned during placing of concrete. The telescoping nature of the sleeve 78 permits the sleeve length to be adjusted during installation so that the sleeve 78 fully spans the cavity defined between the panels and the form 24 and is not filled with concrete during placing. The sleeve end 82 is preferably formed with a circumferential, longitudinally ex-tending bead which can compress the filter material of the panel 54 during attachment to provide a relatively tight seal for excluding fluid concrete.
It will be appreciated that the cover member 30 must 3~
be extended about ~ach panel of the lowermost row 52 and be adhesively or mechanically attached to the panels of the cladding to prevent concrete from entering into the horizontal drainage grooves (or elsewhere) during placing of the foundation wall.
Additionally, the joints between all panels will be caulked or taped to prevent passage of water and additionally to pre~ent the intrusion of concrete during placing.
The cover 30 need not be constructed with sheets applied directly to the shoring wall. The cover 30 can instead be formed by individual sheets of filter material attached directly to the individ-ual panels of the cladding~ These sheets can be pre-wrapped about the panels by taping, adhesive or heat bonding, mechanical attachment or any combination of these, as appropriate, to prevent entry of soil particles into the drainage grooves during use. Such an arrange-ment is considered to be part of the invention, and to fall within the ambit of the appended claims. A preferred method of attachment for panels constructed of a material such as poly-styrene is to cut a slit into the material and to wedge the filt~r mhterial into the slit. It may in some instances be preferable for ease of installation to provide panels with filtering material alreadyattached rather than applying the filtering material to a shoring wall.
Prior to placing of the concrete foundation wall, all exposed groove ends in the panels should be ....
t'~
covered with filter material or blocked with tape or a cement appropriate to the materials of the panels.
In particular, the drainage grooves may be exposed at the uppermost row of panels and should be approp-riately covered to prevent entry of dirt or cement.Similarly, it can be expected that the ends of the lowermost row 52 may need to be covered. All such openings should be sealed or covered in any manner considered appropriate for the particular installation.
When the drainage system 10 is in use, soil water would tend to flow vertically through successive rows of panels such as the panel 32. The cover 30 will tend to keep soil from infiltrating the vertical drainage grooves of the panel and from consequently obstructing the flow of water or entering the building drainage system. The soil water will eventually descend into the lowermost row 52 of panels, and travel horizontally until reaching drainage means such as the sleeve 78, positioned at intervals along the lowermost row 52 of panels.
The soil water will then drain into the internal drainage system of the building for removal.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment 86 of the panel 54 in which similar com-ponents have been labeled with similar reference 3~
numerals followed by the letter "a". The panel 86 has a height of about 4 feet, a width of about 2 feet, and a thickness of a~out 1~ inches (but can be dimensioned as desired). The vertical drainage grooves 68a of the panel 86 are considerably longer than those of the panel 54, and the horizontal grooves 70a of the panel 86 are now considerably spaced from the upper horizontal edge 60a and located adjacent the lower horizontal side edge 62a. It will be readily appreciated that the panel 86 combines the functions of the panels 32, 54, permitting a large extent of the shoring wall to be covered and also providing horizontal drainage grooves 70a which together with the grooves of similar abutted panels can define a horizontal drainage pipe as does the lowermost row 52~ A vertical groove 76a in fluid com~.unication with the horizontal grooves 70a at the side-edge 44a facilitates the ?lacina of the grooves 70a in fluid communication when the panel 86 is abutted at the side edge 44a with a similar panel.
A cover 90 of filter material ~illustrated fragmented) extends over the face 36a, bottom edge 42a and the horizontal grooves 70a of the face 38a. The cover 90 extends about 1 inch over the top edge of the panel 86 and about ql inch beyond either side edse -;
' ' ~r~ {.3~3 - 22 ~
44a, 46a to permit overlappiny of cover material on a suprajacent panel and formation of compression seals with panels adjacent at either side ~dge 44a, 46a. The compression seals are formed by allow-ing the cover material at the side edges of the panelsto fold against one another. The cover 90 can be mechanically fastened or adhesively or heat bonded where materials are suitable to the panel 86. To ensure that concrete placed against the panel face 38a does not dislodge the cover 90 the edge portion 92 of the cover 90 is preferably ~aped to the face 38a or fitted into a slit formed in the face 38a.
In all applications involving the present invention, tape may be used to secure loose edges of a cover material if it appears that placement of concrete may dislodge the edges from associated panels.
The drainage system 10 can also be used in construction where a shoring wall is not required and the construction site has been excavated more ~?~
fully about the location of a foundation wall. In such circumstances, the drainage system can be assembled following ereCtiQn of the foundation wall.
The panels are preferably adhesively secured to the foundation wall in edge to-edge abutting relationship with vertical drainage grooves and filter material facing outwardly. Thus, for example, the panel 32 would have its face 38 secured to the foundation wall and the panel 54 would have its face 58 secured to the wall. Panels such as the panel 32 would now preferably be individually covered with filter material at least on their faces having vertical drainage grooves, and the panels such as the panel 54, individually wrapped with filter material.
Seams between panels of the cladding would of course be caulked or sealed with a suitable tape to prevent passage of water. Drainage in such circumstances is the.same as before, with a sleeve being cast or otherwise located in the foundation wall and pro-truding slightly to form a seal against one of the panels when backfill exerts pressure on the panels.
Alternatively, the lowermost row of panels of the same type as panel 54 can be eliminated and a co;nven-tional weeping tile system installed.
It will be appreciated that a particular embodiment of a drainage system and its constituant members has been described, and that modifications of a workshop nature may be made in these without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A drainage system for a generally vertical shoring wall, comprising:
a cover of water-pervious filter material secured over the shoring wall;
a water-impervious cladding attached to the shoring wall with the cover positioned between the cladding and the shoring wall, the cladding being formed by a plurality of rows of generally rectangular panels of water-impervious material in edge-to-edge abutted relationship;
each panel of the cladding having a pair of opposing faces, a pair of opposing generally horizontal upper and lower side edges and a pair of opposing generally vertical side edges, each panel having one face located against the cover, the one face of each panel having a first plurality of drainage grooves which place the upper and lower side edges of the panel in fluid communication, the first drainage grooves of each panel being in fluid communication at the lower side edge of the panel with the first drainage grooves of any panel which abuts the lower side edge of the panel.
a cover of water-pervious filter material secured over the shoring wall;
a water-impervious cladding attached to the shoring wall with the cover positioned between the cladding and the shoring wall, the cladding being formed by a plurality of rows of generally rectangular panels of water-impervious material in edge-to-edge abutted relationship;
each panel of the cladding having a pair of opposing faces, a pair of opposing generally horizontal upper and lower side edges and a pair of opposing generally vertical side edges, each panel having one face located against the cover, the one face of each panel having a first plurality of drainage grooves which place the upper and lower side edges of the panel in fluid communication, the first drainage grooves of each panel being in fluid communication at the lower side edge of the panel with the first drainage grooves of any panel which abuts the lower side edge of the panel.
2. A drainage system as claimed in claim 1 in which each panel has a longitudinal groove in at least one of the upper and lower side edges which longitudinal groove is in fluid communication with the first drainage grooves of the panel.
3. A drainage system as claimed in claim 1 in which the panels of the cladding comprise a lowermost row of panels, each panel in the lowermost row having a second plurality of drainage grooves which are formed in the other of the opposing faces of the panel, the second drainage grooves placing the opposing vertical side edges of the associated panel in fluid communication and being in fluid communication with the first drainage grooves of the associated panel, the second drainage grooves of each panel in the lowermost row being in fluid communication with the second drainage grooves of any panel in the lowermost row abutting one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel whereby the lowermost row of panels define a horizontal drainage conduit.
4. A drainage system as claimed in claim 3 comprising water-pervious filter material located about the panels of the lowermost row to prevent entry of dirt into the horizontal drainage conduit.
5. A drainage system as claimed in claim 4 in which each of the panels in the lowermost row has a longitudinal groove in at least one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel which longitudinal groove is in fluid communication with the second drainage grooves of the panel.
6. A drainage system as claimed in claim 3, 4 or 5 comprising drainage means in fluid communication with the second grooves of one of the panels of the lowermost row for draining water from the horizontal drainage conduit.
7. A drainage system as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4 in which the cover is constructed at least in part with pieces of water-pervious filter material secured to individual panels of the cladding.
8. A wall drainage system member comprising a generally rectangular panel of water-impervious material, the panel having a pair of opposing faces and a pair of opposing side edges, one of the opposing faces having a plurality of drainage grooves which place the opposing side edges in fluid communication, one of the opposing side edges having a longitudinal groove in fluid communication with the drainage grooves.
9. A wall drainage system member as claimed in claim 8 comprising a water-pervious filter material located over the one of the opposing faces to prevent entry of dirt into the drainage grooves.
10. A wall drainage system member comprising a generally rectangular panel of water-impervious material, the panel having first and second opposing faces, a first pair of opposing side edges and a second pair of opposing side edges, the first face having a first plurality of drainage grooves which place the first pair of side edges in fluid communication, the second face having a second plurality of drainage grooves which place the second pair of side edges in fluid communication, the second drainage grooves being in fluid communication with the first drainage grooves, at least one of the second opposing side edges having a longitudinal groove in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves.
11. A wall drainage system member as claimed in claim 10 in which the first drainage grooves are generally parallel to one another, and the second grooves are generally parallel to one another and generally perpendicular to the first drainage grooves.
12. A wall drainage system member as claimed in claim 10 comprising water-pervious filter material located on the first and second faces of the panel to prevent the entry of dirty into the first and second drainage grooves.
13. A wall drainage system member as claimed in claim 10 in which the second drainage grooves are located adjacent one of the first pair of side edges and spaced from the other of the first pair of side edges.
14. A wall drainage system member as claimed in claim 14 comprising water-pervious filter material located on the first and second faces and the one of the first pair of side edges to prevent entry of dirt into the first and second plurality of drainage grooves.
15. A drainage system for a substantially vertical wall, comprising:
a substantially water-impervious cladding secured over the wall and formed of generally rectangular panels of water-impervious material in edge-to-edge abutted relationship;
each panel of the cladding having a pair of opposing faces, a pair of opposing generally horizontal, upper and lower side edges and a pair of opposing generally vertical side edges, each panel having one of the opposing faces located against the wall, the other of the opposing faces of each panel having a first plurality of drainage grooves which place the upper and lower side edges of the panel in fluid communication, at least one of the upper and lower side edges of each panel being formed with a longitudinal groove in fluid communication with the first drainage grooves of the panel;
cover of water-pervious filter material secured over the cladding for preventing entry of soil particles into the first drainage grooves of each panel;
the cladding comprising a lowermost row of panels, each panel in the lowermost row of panels having a second plurality of drainage grooves which are formed in the one face of the panel and place the opposing vertical side edges of the panel in fluid communication and which are in fluid communication with the first plurality of drainage grooves in the panel, the second drainage grooves of each panel in the lowermost row being in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves of any panel in the lowermost row abutting one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel whereby the lowermost row of panels define substantially horizontal drainage conduit.
a substantially water-impervious cladding secured over the wall and formed of generally rectangular panels of water-impervious material in edge-to-edge abutted relationship;
each panel of the cladding having a pair of opposing faces, a pair of opposing generally horizontal, upper and lower side edges and a pair of opposing generally vertical side edges, each panel having one of the opposing faces located against the wall, the other of the opposing faces of each panel having a first plurality of drainage grooves which place the upper and lower side edges of the panel in fluid communication, at least one of the upper and lower side edges of each panel being formed with a longitudinal groove in fluid communication with the first drainage grooves of the panel;
cover of water-pervious filter material secured over the cladding for preventing entry of soil particles into the first drainage grooves of each panel;
the cladding comprising a lowermost row of panels, each panel in the lowermost row of panels having a second plurality of drainage grooves which are formed in the one face of the panel and place the opposing vertical side edges of the panel in fluid communication and which are in fluid communication with the first plurality of drainage grooves in the panel, the second drainage grooves of each panel in the lowermost row being in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves of any panel in the lowermost row abutting one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel whereby the lowermost row of panels define substantially horizontal drainage conduit.
16. A drainage system as claimed in claim 15 comprising water-pervious filter material located about the panels of the lowermost row to prevent entry of soil particles into the horizontal drainage conduit.
17. A drainage system as claimed in claim 15 in which each of the panels in the lowermost row has a longitudinal groove in at least one of the opposing vertical side edges of the panel which longitudinal groove is in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves of the panel.
18. A drainage system as claimed in claim 15 comprising drainage means in fluid communication with the second plurality of drainage grooves in one of the panels of the lowermost row for draining water from the horizontal drainage conduit.
19. A drainage system as claimed in claim 15 in which the cover is constructed at least in part with pieces of water-pervious filter material secured to individual panels of the cladding.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000409685A CA1202190A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | Wall drainage system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000409685A CA1202190A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | Wall drainage system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1202190A true CA1202190A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
Family
ID=4123436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000409685A Expired CA1202190A (en) | 1982-08-18 | 1982-08-18 | Wall drainage system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1202190A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5056281A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-10-15 | 501 Beaver Plastics, Ltd. | Basewrap foundation wall insulation and drainage |
| WO1997038174A1 (en) * | 1996-04-06 | 1997-10-16 | Arc Limited | Lining for a landfill site |
| WO2020132407A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Tremco Incorporated | Building foundation system |
| CN115045333A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 中冶建工集团有限公司 | Novel retaining wall drainage material construction method |
| CN115324089A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-11 | 王新华 | Deep foundation pit structure with drainage side wall gushes water |
-
1982
- 1982-08-18 CA CA000409685A patent/CA1202190A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5056281A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-10-15 | 501 Beaver Plastics, Ltd. | Basewrap foundation wall insulation and drainage |
| WO1997038174A1 (en) * | 1996-04-06 | 1997-10-16 | Arc Limited | Lining for a landfill site |
| AU709750B2 (en) * | 1996-04-06 | 1999-09-09 | Hanson Quarry Products Europe Limited | Lining for a landfill site |
| US6074132A (en) * | 1996-04-06 | 2000-06-13 | Hanson Quarry Products Europe Limited | Lining for a landfill site |
| WO2020132407A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Tremco Incorporated | Building foundation system |
| US10907319B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2021-02-02 | Tremco Incorporated | Blindside waterproofed building foundation system and method of forming same |
| CN113423893A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-09-21 | 特里姆科有限公司 | Building foundation system |
| CN113423893B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-03-14 | 特里姆科有限责任公司 | Building foundation system |
| CN115045333A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 中冶建工集团有限公司 | Novel retaining wall drainage material construction method |
| CN115324089A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-11 | 王新华 | Deep foundation pit structure with drainage side wall gushes water |
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