CA1195523A - Apparatus for fermentation of organic material - Google Patents
Apparatus for fermentation of organic materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1195523A CA1195523A CA000417161A CA417161A CA1195523A CA 1195523 A CA1195523 A CA 1195523A CA 000417161 A CA000417161 A CA 000417161A CA 417161 A CA417161 A CA 417161A CA 1195523 A CA1195523 A CA 1195523A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- screw
- frame
- outlet
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides an apparatus for fermentation of organic material, which is transported sub-stantially horizontally through a fermentator, in which a rotatable screw provided with blades carries out the horizon-tal transport, and a device for internal heating of the screw blades, at least along a part of the screw elongation.
The present invention provides an apparatus for fermentation of organic material, which is transported sub-stantially horizontally through a fermentator, in which a rotatable screw provided with blades carries out the horizon-tal transport, and a device for internal heating of the screw blades, at least along a part of the screw elongation.
Description
%3 This invention relates to an apparatus for fer-mentation of organic material, which is transported sub-stan-tiall~ horizontally through a fermentor.
~n apparatus of this type is disclosed, for example in French Patent Specification No. 732738, according to which the material is pushed through t:he fermentor by gaseous pressure and is heated during its passage through the vessel by an internally heated, rotatable pipe coil, which is lQ provided peripherally with blades for stirring the material.
This invention relates to an improvement of said device to increase the heati.ng efficiency and has a rotatable screw, provided with blades, which screw carries out the horizontal transport, and a device for the internal heating of the screw blades, at least along a part of the screw elongation.
According to the present invention therefore there is provided an apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic material to produce methane gas and including a substantially rigid, horlzontal cylindrical tank having a symmetrical axis, a horizontal transport screw, and means for heating said screw internall~v for heat transfer, the combination of means mounting said screw for rotation about an axis located below said symmetxical axis of the tank, said tank having an inlet end portion provided with an inlet opening for organic material located below said rotation axis and at the lower portion of the tank, said tank also having an 3~ ~utlet end portion provided with an outlet opening at the lower portion of the tank, said screw having an outer per~pheral portion ad~acent the tank's bottom and operable t~ transport sludge along said bottom toward said outlet Qpenin~ said peri.pheral portion of the screw forming with 3S at least one side of the tank an open space for recirculation ~f fermented material to said inlet end portion, said ,...................................................... ~
, ~
%~
peripheral portion also formi.ng with the upper part of the tank an accumulation space for evolved gas, said upper paxt of the tank having an outlet from said accumulation space.
The advantages with sald screw are that its blades pxovide a large heat transfer area and this area moves in relationship to the material, which is transported and mixed by the screw~ These advantages provide the desired improve-ment in heat transfer efficiency.
~ further advantage wit:h the invention is that, for instance, when fermenting manure anaerobically, gas bubbles con-~5 ~ la ~(`
. .
~ ~SS23 taining methane develop. These lift solid particles to the manure surface to form a solid ma-t. The good mixing, -that the screw carries ou-t, prevents the formation of -this ma-t and forces the gas bubbles from -the particles which collec-t in the upper part of the fermentor~ From -there the gas can be discharged.
A further advantage of the -transpor-t screw is that it will efficiently prevent solid material from being accumula-ted and plugging in the fermentor over -time. The design of -the screw prevents the forma-tion of short circuit flows, which could mean lower efficien-ty in -the fermenta-tion process. As -the heat requiremen-t of the fermentation process norrnally prevails in the star-ting end of -the fermen-tor, where the organic. material is fed, it can be sufficient -to heat the transpor-t screw blades subs-tan-tially at the inlet of the fermen-tor. Set-ting of the desired -temperature, for in-stance 35C for anaerobic fermentation, can be effec-ted by regulating the -tempera-ture and/or the flow of the medium, that is used for heating, such as warm water.
A further improvement in the heating of the con-tents of the fermentor can be obtained by one or a plurality of pipes, oriented in the axial direction of the screw and pre-ferably rotatable with the screw, provided for internal heat-ing. These pipes can be fastened to the screw at the peri-phery, serving to carry the screw.
It may be desirable to inocula-te the material, . .. , ~
enke,ring the fermentor~ with microorganisms to accelerate the start of the fermenting process, ~ccordin~ to a furthex feature of the invention this can be achieved by providing the fermentor with a space, located outside the periphery of the screw, which stretches along the screw, which space allows recirculation of fermented material to the material inlet to the fermentor. The recirculation is carried out automatically by returning part of the material, that has reached the gable of the fermentor at the outlet end lQ for the material, moving it outside the screw periphery back towards the inle-t side.
The invention will be further illustrated ~ore in detail by way of the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fermentor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and 2Q Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of the apparatus of ~igure 1 seen from the left.
Methane gas is produced by natural anaerobic fermentation.
Figure 1 shows the both ends of an elongated closed fer~entor 1 which is provided with external heat insulation (not shown). Manure is fed through a pipe 2 to an inlet chamber 3, provided with a cap 4, in order that the inner 3Q parts of the chamber may be accessible. From a bottom space 5 in the chamber 3 manure flows into the fermentor 1, and ~nto ~ bottom space 6 in an outlet chamber 7. Fermented ~anUxe then leaves chamber 3, through a weir outlet 8. In the fermentor methane gas fumes, which fi:L:ls a space 9 above the manure surface 10 in -the fermentor 1. In -the chambers 3 and 7 a rnanure level will be es-tablished, which is higher than -the level 10 and which is determined by the gas pressure in -the space 9. The me-thane gas is discharged under overpressure through a pipe 11. A -transpor-t screw 12 is suppor-ted by a rectangular frame 13 of pipes, which is welded to -the periphery of -the screw.
The frame 13 is supported at the gables of -the fermentor by bearings 14 and 15. Bearing 15 is firmly connected to shaft tap 16, which, by means of a motor, rotates the frame 13 and thus also the screw 12. Ho-t water is fed through a channel 17, which passes through the shaft ~ap and the bearing 15.
In the frame 13 there is provided a blocking wall 18, which in the posi-ton of the frame shown directs water upwardly -through the frame. As indicated in the Figure the left part 19 of the blade of the screw 12 is hollow, and water can - via a connection - reach this hollow blade part from the frame 13.
A blocking wall 20a prevents water from flowing further to the left in the upper par-t of the frame.
~ ccording to the Figure the cavity of the screw blade ceases after one blade turn and -the water flows -through a new connection once more into the frame 13 and continues in the frame to -the blocking wall 18. Here -the water reaches an outlet channel 20 and leaves the apparatus. The frame 13 is provided, a-t -the outlet end, wi-th baffles 21, which help to keep -the ou-tlet free and discharge -the fermented manure into the space 6. Also the chamber 7 has a cap 22, which again makes the inner parts of the chamber accessible. The chamber 7 and -the left gable of the fermentor are also for similar reasons de-tachable from the rest of the fermen-tor by a screw joint 23.
In Figure 2 corresponding parts have -the same re-ference numbers as in Figure 1. Furthermore, there are shown in Figure 2 two rods 24 which suppor-t the chamber 7. Further-"n more -there is a space 25 between the periphery of the screw 12 and the inner side of the fermentor 1. Through -this space 25 part of -the fermen-ted manure is recirculated from the lef-t gable of the fermentor -to -the right one, thus innoculating -the fresh en-tering manure wi-th microorganisms.
Further the screw 12 and the frame 13 by rota-tion break the mat., that would o-therwise be formed below the sur-face 10, especially through -the flo-tation ac-tion, that -the ascending gas bubbles per:Eorm on the sol.id particles oE the manure.
~y~ - 5 -
~n apparatus of this type is disclosed, for example in French Patent Specification No. 732738, according to which the material is pushed through t:he fermentor by gaseous pressure and is heated during its passage through the vessel by an internally heated, rotatable pipe coil, which is lQ provided peripherally with blades for stirring the material.
This invention relates to an improvement of said device to increase the heati.ng efficiency and has a rotatable screw, provided with blades, which screw carries out the horizontal transport, and a device for the internal heating of the screw blades, at least along a part of the screw elongation.
According to the present invention therefore there is provided an apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic material to produce methane gas and including a substantially rigid, horlzontal cylindrical tank having a symmetrical axis, a horizontal transport screw, and means for heating said screw internall~v for heat transfer, the combination of means mounting said screw for rotation about an axis located below said symmetxical axis of the tank, said tank having an inlet end portion provided with an inlet opening for organic material located below said rotation axis and at the lower portion of the tank, said tank also having an 3~ ~utlet end portion provided with an outlet opening at the lower portion of the tank, said screw having an outer per~pheral portion ad~acent the tank's bottom and operable t~ transport sludge along said bottom toward said outlet Qpenin~ said peri.pheral portion of the screw forming with 3S at least one side of the tank an open space for recirculation ~f fermented material to said inlet end portion, said ,...................................................... ~
, ~
%~
peripheral portion also formi.ng with the upper part of the tank an accumulation space for evolved gas, said upper paxt of the tank having an outlet from said accumulation space.
The advantages with sald screw are that its blades pxovide a large heat transfer area and this area moves in relationship to the material, which is transported and mixed by the screw~ These advantages provide the desired improve-ment in heat transfer efficiency.
~ further advantage wit:h the invention is that, for instance, when fermenting manure anaerobically, gas bubbles con-~5 ~ la ~(`
. .
~ ~SS23 taining methane develop. These lift solid particles to the manure surface to form a solid ma-t. The good mixing, -that the screw carries ou-t, prevents the formation of -this ma-t and forces the gas bubbles from -the particles which collec-t in the upper part of the fermentor~ From -there the gas can be discharged.
A further advantage of the -transpor-t screw is that it will efficiently prevent solid material from being accumula-ted and plugging in the fermentor over -time. The design of -the screw prevents the forma-tion of short circuit flows, which could mean lower efficien-ty in -the fermenta-tion process. As -the heat requiremen-t of the fermentation process norrnally prevails in the star-ting end of -the fermen-tor, where the organic. material is fed, it can be sufficient -to heat the transpor-t screw blades subs-tan-tially at the inlet of the fermen-tor. Set-ting of the desired -temperature, for in-stance 35C for anaerobic fermentation, can be effec-ted by regulating the -tempera-ture and/or the flow of the medium, that is used for heating, such as warm water.
A further improvement in the heating of the con-tents of the fermentor can be obtained by one or a plurality of pipes, oriented in the axial direction of the screw and pre-ferably rotatable with the screw, provided for internal heat-ing. These pipes can be fastened to the screw at the peri-phery, serving to carry the screw.
It may be desirable to inocula-te the material, . .. , ~
enke,ring the fermentor~ with microorganisms to accelerate the start of the fermenting process, ~ccordin~ to a furthex feature of the invention this can be achieved by providing the fermentor with a space, located outside the periphery of the screw, which stretches along the screw, which space allows recirculation of fermented material to the material inlet to the fermentor. The recirculation is carried out automatically by returning part of the material, that has reached the gable of the fermentor at the outlet end lQ for the material, moving it outside the screw periphery back towards the inle-t side.
The invention will be further illustrated ~ore in detail by way of the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fermentor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and 2Q Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of the apparatus of ~igure 1 seen from the left.
Methane gas is produced by natural anaerobic fermentation.
Figure 1 shows the both ends of an elongated closed fer~entor 1 which is provided with external heat insulation (not shown). Manure is fed through a pipe 2 to an inlet chamber 3, provided with a cap 4, in order that the inner 3Q parts of the chamber may be accessible. From a bottom space 5 in the chamber 3 manure flows into the fermentor 1, and ~nto ~ bottom space 6 in an outlet chamber 7. Fermented ~anUxe then leaves chamber 3, through a weir outlet 8. In the fermentor methane gas fumes, which fi:L:ls a space 9 above the manure surface 10 in -the fermentor 1. In -the chambers 3 and 7 a rnanure level will be es-tablished, which is higher than -the level 10 and which is determined by the gas pressure in -the space 9. The me-thane gas is discharged under overpressure through a pipe 11. A -transpor-t screw 12 is suppor-ted by a rectangular frame 13 of pipes, which is welded to -the periphery of -the screw.
The frame 13 is supported at the gables of -the fermentor by bearings 14 and 15. Bearing 15 is firmly connected to shaft tap 16, which, by means of a motor, rotates the frame 13 and thus also the screw 12. Ho-t water is fed through a channel 17, which passes through the shaft ~ap and the bearing 15.
In the frame 13 there is provided a blocking wall 18, which in the posi-ton of the frame shown directs water upwardly -through the frame. As indicated in the Figure the left part 19 of the blade of the screw 12 is hollow, and water can - via a connection - reach this hollow blade part from the frame 13.
A blocking wall 20a prevents water from flowing further to the left in the upper par-t of the frame.
~ ccording to the Figure the cavity of the screw blade ceases after one blade turn and -the water flows -through a new connection once more into the frame 13 and continues in the frame to -the blocking wall 18. Here -the water reaches an outlet channel 20 and leaves the apparatus. The frame 13 is provided, a-t -the outlet end, wi-th baffles 21, which help to keep -the ou-tlet free and discharge -the fermented manure into the space 6. Also the chamber 7 has a cap 22, which again makes the inner parts of the chamber accessible. The chamber 7 and -the left gable of the fermentor are also for similar reasons de-tachable from the rest of the fermen-tor by a screw joint 23.
In Figure 2 corresponding parts have -the same re-ference numbers as in Figure 1. Furthermore, there are shown in Figure 2 two rods 24 which suppor-t the chamber 7. Further-"n more -there is a space 25 between the periphery of the screw 12 and the inner side of the fermentor 1. Through -this space 25 part of -the fermen-ted manure is recirculated from the lef-t gable of the fermentor -to -the right one, thus innoculating -the fresh en-tering manure wi-th microorganisms.
Further the screw 12 and the frame 13 by rota-tion break the mat., that would o-therwise be formed below the sur-face 10, especially through -the flo-tation ac-tion, that -the ascending gas bubbles per:Eorm on the sol.id particles oE the manure.
~y~ - 5 -
Claims (8)
1. In an apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic material to produce methane gas and including a substantially rigid, horizontal cylindrical tank having a symmetrical axis, a horizontal transport screw, and means for heating said screw, internally for heat transfer, the combination of means mounting said screw for rotation about an axis located below said symmetrical axis of the tank, said tank having an inlet end portion provided with an inlet opening for organic material located below said rotation axis and at the lower portion of the tank, said tank also having an outlet end portion provided with an outlet opening at the lower portion of the tank, said screw having an outer peripheral portion adjacent the tank's bottom and operable to transport sludge along said bottom toward said outlet opening, said peripheral portion of the screw forming with at least one side of the tank an open space for recirculation of fermented material to said inlet end portion, said peri-pheral portion also forming with the upper part of the tank an accumulation space for evolved gas, said upper part of the tank having an outlet from said accumulation space.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, in which said screw includes heat transfer blades located at said inlet end portion of the tank.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, in which said heating means include a pipe in the tank extending parallel to said rotation axis of the screw, and a duct for conveying a heating medium to the pipe from outside the tank.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, in which said pipe is located at the region of said peripheral portion of the screw,
5. The apparatus of claim 1, in which said screw mounting means include bearings at opposite ends of the tank, a hollow frame having a first pair of opposite sides provided with shafts journalled in said bearings, respectively, said frame having a second pair of opposite sides located adjacent said peripheral portion of the screw and secured thereto, one of said shafts being hollow and forming an inlet and a separate outlet for a heating medium, one of said first pair of opposite sides having a first frame passage leading from said medium inlet and having a second frame passage leading to said medium outlet, said peripheral portion of the screw forming a helical passage spiralling from said inlet end portion of the tank, one end of said helical passage communicating with said first frame passage and the other end of said helical passage communicating with said second frame passage.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, in which said second pair of opposite sides and the other of said first pair of sides have hollow portions for conducting heating medium from said other end of the helical passage to said second frame passages.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising also means forming two vertical chambers outside the tank, one of said chambers leading downward to said inlet opening of the tank for supplying organic material thereto, the other of said chambers leading upward from said outlet opening of the tank for discharging fermented material therefrom.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, comprising also a body of organic material in the tank at a level slightly above said peripheral portion of the screw.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000417161A CA1195523A (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1982-12-07 | Apparatus for fermentation of organic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000417161A CA1195523A (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1982-12-07 | Apparatus for fermentation of organic material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1195523A true CA1195523A (en) | 1985-10-22 |
Family
ID=4124090
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000417161A Expired CA1195523A (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1982-12-07 | Apparatus for fermentation of organic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1195523A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-12-07 CA CA000417161A patent/CA1195523A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |